diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 928da54c..3875287c 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
+# files 
+.clang-format
+.vscode
+.dependencygraph
+
 # Prerequisites
 *.d
 
+
 # Compiled Object files
 *.slo
 *.lo
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index f9740a90..fbb2eaf2 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,75 +1,73 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16 FATAL_ERROR)
 
 # set the project name and version
-project(phasicFlow VERSION 0.1 )
+project(phasicFlow VERSION 1.0 )
 
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17 CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED True)
 set(CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX ${phasicFlow_SOURCE_DIR} CACHE PATH "Install path of phasicFlow" FORCE)
-set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release CACHE STRING "build type" FORCE)
+set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Debug CACHE STRING "build type" FORCE)
+set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS ON CACHE BOOL "Build using shared libraries" FORCE)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
 
 message(STATUS ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX})
 
-mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_CUDA_LAMBDA)
-mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_OPENMP)
-mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_SERIAL)
-mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_CUDA_LAMBDA)
-mark_as_advanced(FORCE var BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
+include(cmake/globals.cmake)
 
-option(USE_STD_PARALLEL_ALG "Use TTB std parallel algorithms" ON)
+#Kokkos directory to be included 
+set(Kokkos_Source_DIR)
+
+if(DEFINED ENV{Kokkos_DIR})
+   set(Kokkos_Source_DIR $ENV{Kokkos_DIR})
+else()
+  set(Kokkos_Source_DIR $ENV{HOME}/Kokkos/kokkos)
+endif()
+message(STATUS "Kokkos source directory is ${Kokkos_Source_DIR}")
+add_subdirectory(${Kokkos_Source_DIR} ./kokkos)
+Kokkos_cmake_settings()
+
+
+option(pFlow_STD_Parallel_Alg "Use TTB std parallel algorithms" ON)
 option(pFlow_Build_Serial "Build phasicFlow and backends for serial execution" OFF)
 option(pFlow_Build_OpenMP "Build phasicFlow and backends for OpenMP execution" OFF)
 option(pFlow_Build_Cuda   "Build phasicFlow and backends for Cuda execution" OFF)
-option(pFlow_Build_Double "Build phasicFlow with double precision variables" ON)
+option(pFlow_Build_Double "Build phasicFlow with double precision floating-oint variables" ON)
+option(pFlow_Build_MPI    "Build for MPI parallelization. This will enable multi-gpu run, CPU run on clusters (distributed memory machine). Use this combination Cuda+MPI, OpenMP + MPI or Serial+MPI " OFF)
 
-set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS ON CACHE BOOL "Build using shared libraries" FORCE)
 
 if(pFlow_Build_Serial)
 	set(Kokkos_ENABLE_SERIAL ON CACHE BOOL "Serial execution" FORCE) 
 	set(Kokkos_ENABLE_OPENMP OFF CACHE BOOL "OpenMP execution" FORCE)
 	set(Kokkos_ENABLE_CUDA OFF CACHE BOOL "Cuda execution" FORCE)
 	set(Kokkos_ENABLE_CUDA_LAMBDA OFF CACHE BOOL "Cuda execution" FORCE)
+	set(Kokkos_ENABLE_CUDA_CONSTEXPR OFF CACHE BOOL "Enable constexpr on cuda code" FORCE)
 elseif(pFlow_Build_OpenMP )
 	set(Kokkos_ENABLE_SERIAL ON CACHE BOOL "Serial execution" FORCE) 
 	set(Kokkos_ENABLE_OPENMP ON CACHE BOOL "OpenMP execution" FORCE)
 	set(Kokkos_ENABLE_CUDA OFF CACHE BOOL "Cuda execution" FORCE)
 	set(Kokkos_ENABLE_CUDA_LAMBDA OFF CACHE BOOL "Cuda execution" FORCE)
 	set(Kokkos_DEFAULT_HOST_PARALLEL_EXECUTION_SPACE SERIAL CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
+	set(Kokkos_ENABLE_CUDA_CONSTEXPR OFF CACHE BOOL "Enable constexpr on cuda code" FORCE)
 elseif(pFlow_Build_Cuda)
 	set(Kokkos_ENABLE_SERIAL ON CACHE BOOL "Serial execution" FORCE) 
 	set(Kokkos_ENABLE_OPENMP OFF CACHE BOOL "OpenMP execution" FORCE)
 	set(Kokkos_ENABLE_CUDA ON CACHE BOOL "Cuda execution" FORCE)
 	set(Kokkos_ENABLE_CUDA_LAMBDA ON CACHE BOOL "Cuda execution" FORCE)
+	set(Kokkos_ENABLE_CUDA_CONSTEXPR ON CACHE BOOL "Enable constexpr on cuda code" FORCE)
 endif()
 
-
-
-include(cmake/globals.cmake)
-message(STATUS "Valid file extensions are ${validFiles}")
+if(pFlow_Build_MPI)
+	find_package(MPI REQUIRED)
+endif()
 
 include(cmake/makeLibraryGlobals.cmake)
 include(cmake/makeExecutableGlobals.cmake)
 
 configure_file(phasicFlowConfig.H.in phasicFlowConfig.H)
-
+set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS ON)
 #add a global include directory 
 include_directories(src/setHelpers src/demComponent "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}")
 
-#main subdirectories of the code 
-set(Kokkos_Source_DIR)
-
-if(DEFINED ENV{Kokkos_DIR})
-   set(Kokkos_Source_DIR $ENV{Kokkos_DIR})
-#  add_subdirectory($ENV{Kokkos_DIR} ${phasicFlow_BINARY_DIR}/kokkos)
-#  message(STATUS "Kokkos directory is $ENV{Kokkos_DIR}")
-else()
-#  add_subdirectory($ENV{HOME}/Kokkos/kokkos ${phasicFlow_BINARY_DIR}/kokkos)
-  set(Kokkos_Source_DIR $ENV{HOME}/Kokkos/kokkos)
-endif()
-
-message(STATUS "Kokkos source directory is ${Kokkos_Source_DIR}")
-add_subdirectory(${Kokkos_Source_DIR} ${phasicFlow_BINARY_DIR}/kokkos)
-
 add_subdirectory(src)
 
 add_subdirectory(solvers)
@@ -77,12 +75,9 @@ add_subdirectory(solvers)
 add_subdirectory(utilities)
 
 add_subdirectory(DEMSystems)
-#add_subdirectory(testIO)
-
 
 install(FILES "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/phasicFlowConfig.H"
-  DESTINATION include
-)
+  DESTINATION include)
 
 include(InstallRequiredSystemLibraries)
 set(CPACK_RESOURCE_FILE_LICENSE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/LICENSE")
diff --git a/DEMSystems/CMakeLists.txt b/DEMSystems/CMakeLists.txt
index 1a1a6f9c..6cc134e2 100644
--- a/DEMSystems/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/DEMSystems/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 
 set(SourceFiles 
-DEMSystem/DEMSystem.cpp
-sphereDEMSystem/sphereDEMSystem.cpp
-sphereDEMSystem/sphereFluidParticles.cpp
 domainDistribute/domainDistribute.cpp
+DEMSystem/DEMSystem.cpp
+sphereDEMSystem/sphereFluidParticles.cpp
+sphereDEMSystem/sphereDEMSystem.cpp
+grainDEMSystem/grainFluidParticles.cpp
+grainDEMSystem/grainDEMSystem.cpp
 )
 
 set(link_libs Kokkos::kokkos phasicFlow Particles Geometry Property Interaction Interaction Utilities)
diff --git a/DEMSystems/DEMSystem/DEMSystem.cpp b/DEMSystems/DEMSystem/DEMSystem.cpp
index 85143431..7afd8b47 100644
--- a/DEMSystems/DEMSystem/DEMSystem.cpp
+++ b/DEMSystems/DEMSystem/DEMSystem.cpp
@@ -33,14 +33,14 @@ pFlow::DEMSystem::DEMSystem(
 	ControlDict_()
 {
   
-  REPORT(0)<<"Initializing host/device execution spaces . . . \n";
-	REPORT(1)<<"Host execution space is "<< greenText(DefaultHostExecutionSpace::name())<<endREPORT;
-	REPORT(1)<<"Device execution space is "<<greenText(DefaultExecutionSpace::name())<<endREPORT;
+	REPORT(0)<<"Initializing host/device execution spaces . . . \n";
+	REPORT(1)<<"Host execution space is "<< Green_Text(DefaultHostExecutionSpace::name())<<END_REPORT;
+	REPORT(1)<<"Device execution space is "<<Green_Text(DefaultExecutionSpace::name())<<END_REPORT;
 
  	// initialize Kokkos
 	Kokkos::initialize( argc, argv ); 
 
-	REPORT(0)<<"\nCreating Control repository . . ."<<endREPORT;
+	REPORT(0)<<"\nCreating Control repository . . ."<<END_REPORT;
 	Control_ = makeUnique<systemControl>(
 		ControlDict_.startTime(),
 		ControlDict_.endTime(),
@@ -87,4 +87,3 @@ pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::DEMSystem>
 
 	return nullptr;
 }
-
diff --git a/DEMSystems/DEMSystem/DEMSystem.hpp b/DEMSystems/DEMSystem/DEMSystem.hpp
index 023b6481..23814d3e 100644
--- a/DEMSystems/DEMSystem/DEMSystem.hpp
+++ b/DEMSystems/DEMSystem/DEMSystem.hpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ Licence:
 
 #include "types.hpp"
 #include "span.hpp"
+#include "box.hpp"
 #include "virtualConstructor.hpp"
 #include "uniquePtr.hpp"
 #include "systemControl.hpp"
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ public:
 
 	DEMSystem(const DEMSystem&)=delete;
 
+	/// @brief no assignment 
 	DEMSystem& operator = (const DEMSystem&)=delete;
 
 	create_vCtor(
@@ -111,19 +113,34 @@ public:
 	int32 numParInDomain(int32 di)const = 0;
 	
 	virtual
-	std::vector<int32> numParInDomain()const = 0;
+	std::vector<int32> numParInDomains()const = 0;
 
 	virtual 
-	span<const int32> parIndexInDomain(int32 di)const = 0;
+	span<const int32> parIndexInDomain(int32 domIndx)const = 0;
 
 	virtual
-	span<real> parDiameter() = 0; 
+	span<real> diameter() = 0; 
+
+	virtual 
+	span<real> courseGrainFactor() = 0;
 
 	virtual
-	span<realx3> parVelocity() = 0;
+	span<realx3> acceleration()=0;
 
 	virtual
-	span<realx3> parPosition() = 0;
+	span<realx3> velocity() = 0;
+
+	virtual
+	span<realx3> position() = 0;
+
+	virtual
+	span<realx3> rAcceleration()=0;
+
+	virtual
+	span<realx3> rVelocity() = 0;
+
+	virtual
+	span<realx3> rPosition() = 0;
 
 	virtual
 	span<realx3> parFluidForce() = 0;
@@ -153,7 +170,6 @@ public:
 	bool iterate(real upToTime) = 0;
 	
 	
-
 	static 
 	uniquePtr<DEMSystem>
 		create(
@@ -162,8 +178,6 @@ public:
 			int argc, 
 			char* argv[]);
 
-
-
 };
 
 
diff --git a/DEMSystems/domainDistribute/domainDistribute.cpp b/DEMSystems/domainDistribute/domainDistribute.cpp
index b6985243..8a595e2e 100644
--- a/DEMSystems/domainDistribute/domainDistribute.cpp
+++ b/DEMSystems/domainDistribute/domainDistribute.cpp
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ void pFlow::domainDistribute::clcDomains(const std::vector<box>& domains)
 
 
 pFlow::domainDistribute::domainDistribute(
-	const Vector<box>& domains,
+	const std::vector<box>& domains,
 	real maxBoundingBox)
 :
 numDomains_(domains.size()),
@@ -47,10 +47,10 @@ maxBoundingBoxSize_(maxBoundingBox)
 }
 
 bool pFlow::domainDistribute::locateParticles(
-		ViewType1D<realx3,HostSpace> points, includeMask mask)
+		ViewType1D<realx3,HostSpace> points, const pFlagTypeHost& mask)
 {
 	
-	range activeRange = mask.activeRange();
+	const rangeU32 activeRange = mask.activeRange();
 
 
 	for(int32 di=0; di<numDomains_; di++)
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ bool pFlow::domainDistribute::locateParticles(
 	}
 
 	
-	for(int32 i=activeRange.first; i<activeRange.second; i++)
+	for(int32 i=activeRange.start(); i<activeRange.end(); i++)
 	{
 		if(mask(i))
 		{
diff --git a/DEMSystems/domainDistribute/domainDistribute.hpp b/DEMSystems/domainDistribute/domainDistribute.hpp
index 153ba87e..aaec7a0f 100644
--- a/DEMSystems/domainDistribute/domainDistribute.hpp
+++ b/DEMSystems/domainDistribute/domainDistribute.hpp
@@ -43,19 +43,16 @@ protected:
 	
 	int32Vector_H 							numParInDomain_;
 
-
 	real maxBoundingBoxSize_;
 
 	real domainExtension_ = 1.0;
 
-	using includeMask = typename pointStructure::activePointsHost;
-
 	void clcDomains(const std::vector<box>& domains);
 
 public:
 
 	domainDistribute(
-		const Vector<box>& domains,
+		const std::vector<box>& domains,
 		real maxBoundingBox);
 
 	~domainDistribute()=default;
@@ -78,7 +75,7 @@ public:
 	{
 		return
 		span<const int32>(
-			particlesInDomains_[di].hostVectorAll().data(),
+			particlesInDomains_[di].hostViewAll().data(),
 			numParInDomain_[di]
 			);
 	}
@@ -91,7 +88,7 @@ public:
 
 	//template<typename includeMask>
 	bool locateParticles(
-		ViewType1D<realx3,HostSpace> points, includeMask mask);
+		ViewType1D<realx3,HostSpace> points, const pFlagTypeHost& mask);
 	
 };
 
diff --git a/DEMSystems/grainDEMSystem/grainDEMSystem.cpp b/DEMSystems/grainDEMSystem/grainDEMSystem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0673012f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/DEMSystems/grainDEMSystem/grainDEMSystem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "grainDEMSystem.hpp"
+#include "vocabs.hpp"
+
+bool pFlow::grainDEMSystem::loop()
+{
+
+	do 
+	{
+		//
+		if(! insertion_().insertParticles( 
+			Control().time().currentIter(),
+			Control().time().currentTime(),
+			Control().time().dt()	) )
+		{
+			fatalError<<
+			"particle insertion failed in grainDEMSystem.\n";
+			return false;
+		}	
+
+		geometry_->beforeIteration();
+		
+		interaction_->beforeIteration();
+
+		particles_->beforeIteration();
+		
+		
+		interaction_->iterate();
+
+		particles_->iterate();
+
+		geometry_->iterate();
+
+		particles_->afterIteration();
+		
+		geometry_->afterIteration();
+
+	}while(Control()++);
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+pFlow::grainDEMSystem::grainDEMSystem(
+		word  demSystemName,
+		const std::vector<box>& domains,
+		int argc, 
+		char* argv[],
+		bool requireRVel)
+:
+	DEMSystem(demSystemName, domains, argc, argv),
+	requireRVel_(requireRVel)
+{ 
+	
+	REPORT(0)<<"\nReading proprties . . . "<<END_REPORT;
+	property_ = makeUnique<property>(
+		propertyFile__,
+    	Control().caseSetup().path());
+
+	REPORT(0)<< "\nCreating surface geometry for grainDEMSystem . . . "<<END_REPORT;
+	geometry_ = geometry::create(Control(), Property());
+
+
+	REPORT(0)<<"\nReading grain particles . . ."<<END_REPORT;
+	particles_ = makeUnique<grainFluidParticles>(Control(), Property());
+
+
+	insertion_ = makeUnique<grainInsertion>( 
+		particles_(), 
+		particles_().grains());
+	
+	REPORT(0)<<"\nCreating interaction model for grain-grain contact and grain-wall contact . . ."<<END_REPORT;
+	interaction_ = interaction::create(
+		Control(),
+		Particles(),
+		Geometry());
+
+	auto maxD = maxBounndingSphereSize();
+
+	particleDistribution_ = makeUnique<domainDistribute>(domains, maxD);
+
+}
+
+
+pFlow::grainDEMSystem::~grainDEMSystem()
+{
+	
+}
+
+bool pFlow::grainDEMSystem::updateParticleDistribution(
+	real extentFraction,
+	const std::vector<box> domains)
+{
+
+	if(!particleDistribution_->changeDomainsSize(
+		extentFraction,
+		maxBounndingSphereSize(),
+		domains))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"cannot change the domain size"<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if(!particleDistribution_->locateParticles(
+			positionHost_, 
+			particles_->pStruct().activePointsMaskHost()))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"error in locating particles among sub-domains"<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+pFlow::int32 
+	pFlow::grainDEMSystem::numParInDomain(int32 di)const
+{
+	return particleDistribution_().numParInDomain(di);
+}
+
+std::vector<pFlow::int32> 
+	pFlow::grainDEMSystem::numParInDomains()const
+{
+	const auto& distribute = particleDistribution_();
+	int32 numDomains = distribute.numDomains();
+	std::vector<int32> nums(numDomains);
+	for(int32 i=0; i<numDomains; i++)
+	{
+		nums[i] = distribute.numParInDomain(i);
+	}
+
+	return nums;
+}
+
+pFlow::span<const pFlow::int32> 
+pFlow::grainDEMSystem::parIndexInDomain(int32 di)const
+{
+	return particleDistribution_->particlesInDomain(di);
+}
+
+pFlow::span<pFlow::real> pFlow::grainDEMSystem::diameter() 
+{	
+	return span<real>(diameterHost_.data(), diameterHost_.size());
+}
+
+pFlow::span<pFlow::real> pFlow::grainDEMSystem::courseGrainFactor()
+{
+    return span<real>(particles_->courseGrainFactorHost().data(), particles_->courseGrainFactorHost().size());
+}
+
+pFlow::span<pFlow::realx3> pFlow::grainDEMSystem::acceleration()
+{
+    return span<realx3>(nullptr, 0);
+}
+
+pFlow::span<pFlow::realx3> pFlow::grainDEMSystem::velocity()  
+{
+	return span<realx3>(velocityHost_.data(), velocityHost_.size());
+}
+
+pFlow::span<pFlow::realx3> pFlow::grainDEMSystem::position()  
+{
+	return span<realx3>(positionHost_.data(), positionHost_.size());
+}
+
+pFlow::span<pFlow::realx3> pFlow::grainDEMSystem::rAcceleration()
+{
+    return span<realx3>(nullptr, 0);
+}
+
+pFlow::span<pFlow::realx3> pFlow::grainDEMSystem::rVelocity()
+{
+    return span<realx3>(rVelocityHost_.data(), rVelocityHost_.size());
+}
+
+pFlow::span<pFlow::realx3> pFlow::grainDEMSystem::rPosition()
+{
+    return span<realx3>(nullptr, 0);
+}
+
+pFlow::span<pFlow::realx3> pFlow::grainDEMSystem::parFluidForce() 
+{
+	auto& hVec =  particles_->fluidForceHost();
+	
+	return span<realx3>(hVec.data(), hVec.size());
+}
+
+pFlow::span<pFlow::realx3> pFlow::grainDEMSystem::parFluidTorque() 
+{
+	auto& hVec =  particles_->fluidTorqueHost();
+	return span<realx3>(hVec.data(), hVec.size());
+}
+
+bool pFlow::grainDEMSystem::sendFluidForceToDEM() 
+{
+	particles_->fluidForceHostUpdatedSync();
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::grainDEMSystem::sendFluidTorqueToDEM()
+{
+	particles_->fluidTorqueHostUpdatedSync();
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::grainDEMSystem::beforeIteration()
+{
+	velocityHost_ = std::as_const(particles_()).velocity().hostView();
+	positionHost_ = std::as_const(particles_()).pointPosition().hostView();
+	diameterHost_ = particles_->diameter().hostView();
+
+	if(requireRVel_)
+		rVelocityHost_ = std::as_const(particles_()).rVelocity().hostView();
+	
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+bool pFlow::grainDEMSystem::iterate(
+	real upToTime, 
+	real timeToWrite, 
+	word timeName) 
+{
+
+	Control().time().setStopAt(upToTime);
+	Control().time().setOutputToFile(timeToWrite, timeName);
+	
+	return loop();
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::grainDEMSystem::iterate(real upToTime)
+{
+	Control().time().setStopAt(upToTime);
+	return loop();
+	return true;
+}
+
+pFlow::real 
+	pFlow::grainDEMSystem::maxBounndingSphereSize()const
+{
+	real minD, maxD;
+	particles_->boundingSphereMinMax(minD, maxD);
+
+	return maxD;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/DEMSystems/grainDEMSystem/grainDEMSystem.hpp b/DEMSystems/grainDEMSystem/grainDEMSystem.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..07451942
--- /dev/null
+++ b/DEMSystems/grainDEMSystem/grainDEMSystem.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __grainDEMSystem_hpp__
+#define __grainDEMSystem_hpp__
+
+#include "DEMSystem.hpp"
+#include "property.hpp"
+#include "uniquePtr.hpp"
+#include "geometry.hpp"
+#include "grainFluidParticles.hpp"
+#include "interaction.hpp"
+#include "Insertions.hpp"
+#include "domainDistribute.hpp"
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class grainDEMSystem
+:
+	public DEMSystem
+{
+protected:
+	
+	// protected members 
+
+	uniquePtr<property> 			property_ = nullptr;
+
+	uniquePtr<geometry> 			geometry_ = nullptr;
+
+	uniquePtr<grainFluidParticles>  particles_ = nullptr;
+
+	uniquePtr<grainInsertion> 		insertion_ = nullptr;
+
+	uniquePtr<interaction> 			interaction_ = nullptr;
+
+	uniquePtr<domainDistribute> 	particleDistribution_=nullptr;
+
+	// to be used for CPU communications 
+	ViewType1D<realx3, HostSpace> 	velocityHost_;
+
+	ViewType1D<realx3, HostSpace> 	positionHost_;
+
+	ViewType1D<real, HostSpace> 	diameterHost_;
+
+	bool 							requireRVel_ = false;
+
+	ViewType1D<realx3, HostSpace> 	rVelocityHost_;
+
+
+//  protected member functions
+	auto& Property()
+	{
+		return property_();
+	}
+
+	auto& Geometry()
+	{
+		return geometry_();
+	}
+
+	auto& Particles()
+	{
+		return particles_();
+	}
+
+	auto& Interaction()
+	{
+		return interaction_();
+	} 
+
+	bool loop();
+
+public:
+
+	TypeInfo("grainDEMSystem");
+
+	grainDEMSystem(
+		word  demSystemName,
+		const std::vector<box>& domains,
+		int argc, 
+		char* argv[],
+		bool requireRVel=false);
+
+	virtual ~grainDEMSystem();
+
+	grainDEMSystem(const grainDEMSystem&)=delete;
+
+	grainDEMSystem& operator = (const grainDEMSystem&)=delete;
+
+	add_vCtor(
+		DEMSystem,
+		grainDEMSystem,
+		word);
+
+
+	bool updateParticleDistribution(real extentFraction, const std::vector<box> domains) override;
+	 
+	int32 numParInDomain(int32 di)const override;
+	
+	std::vector<int32> numParInDomains()const override;
+
+	span<const int32> parIndexInDomain(int32 di)const override;
+
+	span<real> diameter() override;
+
+	span<real> courseGrainFactor() override;
+
+	span<realx3> acceleration() override;
+
+	span<realx3> velocity() override;
+
+	span<realx3> position() override;
+
+	span<realx3> rAcceleration() override;
+
+	span<realx3> rVelocity() override;
+
+	span<realx3> rPosition() override;
+
+	span<realx3> parFluidForce() override;
+
+	span<realx3> parFluidTorque() override;
+
+	bool sendFluidForceToDEM() override;
+
+	bool sendFluidTorqueToDEM() override;
+
+	bool beforeIteration() override;
+
+	bool iterate(
+		real upToTime, 
+		real timeToWrite, 
+		word timeName) override;
+
+	bool iterate(real upToTime) override;
+	
+	real maxBounndingSphereSize()const override;
+
+};
+
+
+} // pFlow
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/DEMSystems/grainDEMSystem/grainFluidParticles.cpp b/DEMSystems/grainDEMSystem/grainFluidParticles.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e58ab65b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/DEMSystems/grainDEMSystem/grainFluidParticles.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "grainFluidParticles.hpp"
+#include "grainFluidParticlesKernels.hpp"
+
+void pFlow::grainFluidParticles::checkHostMemory()
+{
+	if(fluidForce_.size()!=fluidForceHost_.size())
+	{
+		resizeNoInit(fluidForceHost_, fluidForce_.size());
+		resizeNoInit(fluidTorqueHost_, fluidTorque_.size());
+	}
+
+	// copy the data (if required) from device to host
+	courseGrainFactorHost_ = coarseGrainFactor().hostView();
+}
+
+pFlow::grainFluidParticles::grainFluidParticles(
+    systemControl &control,
+    const property &prop)
+    : grainParticles(control, prop),
+      fluidForce_(
+          objectFile(
+              "fluidForce",
+              "",
+              objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+              objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS),
+          dynPointStruct(),
+          zero3),
+      fluidTorque_(
+          objectFile(
+              "fluidTorque",
+              "",
+              objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+              objectFile::WRITE_NEVER),
+          dynPointStruct(),
+          zero3)
+{
+	checkHostMemory();
+} 
+
+bool pFlow::grainFluidParticles::beforeIteration()
+{
+	grainParticles::beforeIteration();
+	checkHostMemory();
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+bool pFlow::grainFluidParticles::iterate() 
+{
+
+	accelerationTimer().start();
+		pFlow::grainFluidParticlesKernels::acceleration(
+			control().g(),
+			mass().deviceViewAll(),
+			contactForce().deviceViewAll(),
+			fluidForce_.deviceViewAll(),
+			I().deviceViewAll(),
+			contactTorque().deviceViewAll(),
+			fluidTorque_.deviceViewAll(),
+			pStruct().activePointsMaskDevice(),
+			accelertion().deviceViewAll(),
+			rAcceleration().deviceViewAll()
+			);
+	accelerationTimer().end();
+	
+	intCorrectTimer().start();
+	
+		dynPointStruct().correct(this->dt(), accelertion());
+	
+		rVelIntegration().correct(this->dt(), rVelocity(), rAcceleration());
+	
+	intCorrectTimer().end();
+	
+	return true;
+}
+
+void pFlow::grainFluidParticles::fluidForceHostUpdatedSync()
+{
+	copy(fluidForce_.deviceView(), fluidForceHost_);
+	return;
+}
+
+void pFlow::grainFluidParticles::fluidTorqueHostUpdatedSync()
+{
+	copy(fluidTorque_.deviceView(), fluidTorqueHost_);
+	return;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/DEMSystems/grainDEMSystem/grainFluidParticles.hpp b/DEMSystems/grainDEMSystem/grainFluidParticles.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ba547556
--- /dev/null
+++ b/DEMSystems/grainDEMSystem/grainFluidParticles.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/*! 
+   @class pFlow::grainFluidParticles
+    
+   @brief Class for managing grain particles with fluid interactions 
+   
+   This is a top-level class that contains the essential components for
+   defining grain prticles with fluid interactions in a DEM simulation.
+ */
+
+#ifndef __grainFluidParticles_hpp__
+#define __grainFluidParticles_hpp__ 
+
+#include "grainParticles.hpp"
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class grainFluidParticles
+:
+	public grainParticles 
+{
+protected:
+	
+	/// pointField of rotational acceleration of particles on device  
+	realx3PointField_D 		fluidForce_;
+
+	hostViewType1D<realx3> 	fluidForceHost_;
+
+	realx3PointField_D 		fluidTorque_;
+
+	hostViewType1D<realx3>	fluidTorqueHost_;
+
+	hostViewType1D<real> 	courseGrainFactorHost_;
+
+
+	void checkHostMemory();
+
+public:
+
+	/// construct from systemControl and property 
+	grainFluidParticles(systemControl &control, const property& prop);
+
+	~grainFluidParticles() override = default;
+	
+	/// before iteration step 
+	bool beforeIteration() override;
+	
+	/// iterate particles 
+	bool iterate() override;	
+
+	auto& fluidForce()
+	{
+		return fluidForce_;
+	}
+
+	auto& fluidTorque()
+	{
+		return fluidTorque_;
+	}
+
+	auto& fluidForceHost()
+	{
+		return fluidForceHost_; 
+	}
+
+	auto& fluidTorqueHost()
+	{
+		return fluidTorqueHost_;
+	}
+
+	auto& courseGrainFactorHost()
+	{
+		return courseGrainFactorHost_;
+	}
+
+	void fluidForceHostUpdatedSync();
+
+	void fluidTorqueHostUpdatedSync();
+	
+}; //grainFluidParticles
+
+} // pFlow
+
+#endif //__sphereFluidParticles_hpp__
diff --git a/DEMSystems/grainDEMSystem/grainFluidParticlesKernels.hpp b/DEMSystems/grainDEMSystem/grainFluidParticlesKernels.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..da82e5ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/DEMSystems/grainDEMSystem/grainFluidParticlesKernels.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __grainFluidParticlesKernels_hpp__
+#define __grainFluidParticlesKernels_hpp__
+
+namespace pFlow::grainFluidParticlesKernels
+{
+
+using rpAcceleration = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
+			DefaultExecutionSpace,
+			Kokkos::Schedule<Kokkos::Static>,
+			Kokkos::IndexType<int32>
+			>;
+
+template<typename IncludeFunctionType>
+void acceleration( 
+	realx3		g,
+	deviceViewType1D<real>  	mass,
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  	force,
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  	fluidForce,
+	deviceViewType1D<real>  	I,
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  	torque,
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  	fluidTorque,
+	IncludeFunctionType 		incld,
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3> 	lAcc,
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3> 	rAcc
+	)
+{
+
+	auto activeRange = incld.activeRange();
+	if(incld.isAllActive())
+	{
+		Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		"pFlow::grainParticlesKernels::acceleration",
+		rpAcceleration(activeRange.first, activeRange.second),
+		LAMBDA_HD(int32 i){
+				lAcc[i] = (force[i]+fluidForce[i])/mass[i] + g;
+				rAcc[i] = (torque[i]+fluidTorque[i])/I[i];
+		});
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		"pFlow::grainParticlesKernels::acceleration",
+		rpAcceleration(activeRange.first, activeRange.second),
+		LAMBDA_HD(int32 i){
+			if(incld(i))
+			{
+				lAcc[i] = (force[i]+fluidForce[i])/mass[i] + g;
+				rAcc[i] = (torque[i]+fluidTorque[i])/I[i];
+			}
+		});
+
+	}
+	
+	Kokkos::fence();
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif 
diff --git a/DEMSystems/sphereDEMSystem/sphereDEMSystem.cpp b/DEMSystems/sphereDEMSystem/sphereDEMSystem.cpp
index 37f7529f..29e2fff4 100644
--- a/DEMSystems/sphereDEMSystem/sphereDEMSystem.cpp
+++ b/DEMSystems/sphereDEMSystem/sphereDEMSystem.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ Licence:
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #include "sphereDEMSystem.hpp"
+#include "vocabs.hpp"
 
 bool pFlow::sphereDEMSystem::loop()
 {
@@ -26,16 +27,15 @@ bool pFlow::sphereDEMSystem::loop()
 	do 
 	{
 		//
-		
 		if(! insertion_().insertParticles( 
+			Control().time().currentIter(),
 			Control().time().currentTime(),
 			Control().time().dt()	) )
 		{
 			fatalError<<
-			"particle insertion failed in sphereDFlow solver.\n";
+			"particle insertion failed in sphereDEMSystem.\n";
 			return false;
-		}
-		
+		}	
 
 		geometry_->beforeIteration();
 		
@@ -63,29 +63,31 @@ pFlow::sphereDEMSystem::sphereDEMSystem(
 		word  demSystemName,
 		const std::vector<box>& domains,
 		int argc, 
-		char* argv[])
+		char* argv[],
+		bool requireRVel)
 :
-	DEMSystem(demSystemName, domains, argc, argv)
+	DEMSystem(demSystemName, domains, argc, argv),
+	requireRVel_(requireRVel)
 { 
 	
-	REPORT(0)<<"\nReading proprties . . . "<<endREPORT;
+	REPORT(0)<<"\nReading proprties . . . "<<END_REPORT;
 	property_ = makeUnique<property>(
-    	Control().caseSetup().path()+propertyFile__);
+		propertyFile__,
+    	Control().caseSetup().path());
 
-	REPORT(0)<< "\nCreating surface geometry for sphereDEMSystem . . . "<<endREPORT;
+	REPORT(0)<< "\nCreating surface geometry for sphereDEMSystem . . . "<<END_REPORT;
 	geometry_ = geometry::create(Control(), Property());
 
 
-	REPORT(0)<<"\nReading sphere particles . . ."<<endREPORT;
+	REPORT(0)<<"\nReading sphere particles . . ."<<END_REPORT;
 	particles_ = makeUnique<sphereFluidParticles>(Control(), Property());
 
 
-	insertion_ = makeUnique<sphereInsertion>(
-		Control().caseSetup().path()+insertionFile__, 
+	insertion_ = makeUnique<sphereInsertion>( 
 		particles_(), 
-		particles_().shapes());
+		particles_().spheres());
 	
-	REPORT(0)<<"\nCreating interaction model for sphere-sphere contact and sphere-wall contact . . ."<<endREPORT;
+	REPORT(0)<<"\nCreating interaction model for sphere-sphere contact and sphere-wall contact . . ."<<END_REPORT;
 	interaction_ = interaction::create(
 		Control(),
 		Particles(),
@@ -98,6 +100,7 @@ pFlow::sphereDEMSystem::sphereDEMSystem(
 
 }
 
+
 pFlow::sphereDEMSystem::~sphereDEMSystem()
 {
 	
@@ -119,8 +122,8 @@ bool pFlow::sphereDEMSystem::updateParticleDistribution(
 	}
 
 	if(!particleDistribution_->locateParticles(
-			parPosition_, 
-			particles_->pStruct().activePointsMaskH()))
+			positionHost_, 
+			particles_->pStruct().activePointsMaskHost()))
 	{
 		fatalErrorInFunction<<
 		"error in locating particles among sub-domains"<<endl;
@@ -137,7 +140,7 @@ pFlow::int32
 }
 
 std::vector<pFlow::int32> 
-	pFlow::sphereDEMSystem::numParInDomain()const
+	pFlow::sphereDEMSystem::numParInDomains()const
 {
 	const auto& distribute = particleDistribution_();
 	int32 numDomains = distribute.numDomains();
@@ -156,31 +159,56 @@ pFlow::sphereDEMSystem::parIndexInDomain(int32 di)const
 	return particleDistribution_->particlesInDomain(di);
 }
 
-pFlow::span<pFlow::real> pFlow::sphereDEMSystem::parDiameter() 
+pFlow::span<pFlow::real> pFlow::sphereDEMSystem::diameter() 
 {	
-	return span<real>(parDiameter_.data(), parDiameter_.size());
+	return span<real>(diameterHost_.data(), diameterHost_.size());
 }
 
-pFlow::span<pFlow::realx3> pFlow::sphereDEMSystem::parVelocity()  
+pFlow::span<pFlow::real> pFlow::sphereDEMSystem::courseGrainFactor()
 {
-	return span<realx3>(parVelocity_.data(), parVelocity_.size());
+    return span<real>(nullptr, 0);
 }
 
-pFlow::span<pFlow::realx3> pFlow::sphereDEMSystem::parPosition()  
+pFlow::span<pFlow::realx3> pFlow::sphereDEMSystem::acceleration()
 {
-	return span<realx3>(parPosition_.data(), parPosition_.size());
+    return span<realx3>(nullptr, 0);
+}
+
+pFlow::span<pFlow::realx3> pFlow::sphereDEMSystem::velocity()  
+{
+	return span<realx3>(velocityHost_.data(), velocityHost_.size());
+}
+
+pFlow::span<pFlow::realx3> pFlow::sphereDEMSystem::position()  
+{
+	return span<realx3>(positionHost_.data(), positionHost_.size());
+}
+
+pFlow::span<pFlow::realx3> pFlow::sphereDEMSystem::rAcceleration()
+{
+    return span<realx3>(nullptr, 0);
+}
+
+pFlow::span<pFlow::realx3> pFlow::sphereDEMSystem::rVelocity()
+{
+    return span<realx3>(rVelocityHost_.data(), rVelocityHost_.size());
+}
+
+pFlow::span<pFlow::realx3> pFlow::sphereDEMSystem::rPosition()
+{
+    return span<realx3>(nullptr, 0);
 }
 
 pFlow::span<pFlow::realx3> pFlow::sphereDEMSystem::parFluidForce() 
 {
-	auto& hVec =  particles_->fluidForceHostAll();
+	auto& hVec =  particles_->fluidForceHost();
 	
 	return span<realx3>(hVec.data(), hVec.size());
 }
 
 pFlow::span<pFlow::realx3> pFlow::sphereDEMSystem::parFluidTorque() 
 {
-	auto& hVec =  particles_->fluidTorqueHostAll();
+	auto& hVec =  particles_->fluidTorqueHost();
 	return span<realx3>(hVec.data(), hVec.size());
 }
 
@@ -198,9 +226,14 @@ bool pFlow::sphereDEMSystem::sendFluidTorqueToDEM()
 
 bool pFlow::sphereDEMSystem::beforeIteration()
 {
-	parVelocity_ = particles_->dynPointStruct().velocityHostAll();
-	parPosition_ = particles_->dynPointStruct().pointPositionHostAll();
-	parDiameter_ = particles_->diameter().hostVectorAll();
+	velocityHost_ = std::as_const(particles_()).velocity().hostView();
+	positionHost_ = std::as_const(particles_()).pointPosition().hostView();
+	diameterHost_ = particles_->diameter().hostView();
+
+	if(requireRVel_)
+		rVelocityHost_ = std::as_const(particles_()).rVelocity().hostView();
+	
+
 	return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/DEMSystems/sphereDEMSystem/sphereDEMSystem.hpp b/DEMSystems/sphereDEMSystem/sphereDEMSystem.hpp
index a7015a36..b2092490 100644
--- a/DEMSystems/sphereDEMSystem/sphereDEMSystem.hpp
+++ b/DEMSystems/sphereDEMSystem/sphereDEMSystem.hpp
@@ -42,24 +42,29 @@ protected:
 	
 	// protected members 
 
-	uniquePtr<property> 		property_ = nullptr;
+	uniquePtr<property> 			property_ = nullptr;
 
-	uniquePtr<geometry> 		geometry_ = nullptr;
+	uniquePtr<geometry> 			geometry_ = nullptr;
 
-	uniquePtr<sphereFluidParticles> 	particles_ = nullptr;
+	uniquePtr<sphereFluidParticles> particles_ = nullptr;
 
-	uniquePtr<sphereInsertion> 	insertion_ = nullptr;
+	uniquePtr<sphereInsertion> 		insertion_ = nullptr;
 
-	uniquePtr<interaction> 		interaction_ = nullptr;
+	uniquePtr<interaction> 			interaction_ = nullptr;
 
-	uniquePtr<domainDistribute> particleDistribution_=nullptr;
+	uniquePtr<domainDistribute> 	particleDistribution_=nullptr;
 
 	// to be used for CPU communications 
-	ViewType1D<realx3, HostSpace>  parVelocity_;
+	ViewType1D<realx3, HostSpace> 	velocityHost_;
 
-	ViewType1D<realx3, HostSpace>  parPosition_;
+	ViewType1D<realx3, HostSpace> 	positionHost_;
+
+	ViewType1D<real, HostSpace> 	diameterHost_;
+
+	bool 							requireRVel_ = false;
+
+	ViewType1D<realx3, HostSpace> 	rVelocityHost_;
 
-	ViewType1D<real, HostSpace> parDiameter_;
 
 //  protected member functions
 	auto& Property()
@@ -92,7 +97,8 @@ public:
 		word  demSystemName,
 		const std::vector<box>& domains,
 		int argc, 
-		char* argv[]);
+		char* argv[],
+		bool requireRVel=false);
 
 	virtual ~sphereDEMSystem();
 
@@ -110,15 +116,25 @@ public:
 	 
 	int32 numParInDomain(int32 di)const override;
 	
-	std::vector<int32> numParInDomain()const override;
+	std::vector<int32> numParInDomains()const override;
 
 	span<const int32> parIndexInDomain(int32 di)const override;
 
-	span<real> parDiameter() override;
+	span<real> diameter() override;
 
-	span<realx3> parVelocity() override;
+	span<real> courseGrainFactor() override;
 
-	span<realx3> parPosition() override;
+	span<realx3> acceleration() override;
+
+	span<realx3> velocity() override;
+
+	span<realx3> position() override;
+
+	span<realx3> rAcceleration() override;
+
+	span<realx3> rVelocity() override;
+
+	span<realx3> rPosition() override;
 
 	span<realx3> parFluidForce() override;
 
diff --git a/DEMSystems/sphereDEMSystem/sphereFluidParticles.cpp b/DEMSystems/sphereDEMSystem/sphereFluidParticles.cpp
index e1dfd357..11c9df24 100644
--- a/DEMSystems/sphereDEMSystem/sphereFluidParticles.cpp
+++ b/DEMSystems/sphereDEMSystem/sphereFluidParticles.cpp
@@ -21,42 +21,44 @@ Licence:
 #include "sphereFluidParticles.hpp"
 #include "sphereFluidParticlesKernels.hpp"
 
+void pFlow::sphereFluidParticles::checkHostMemory()
+{
+	if(fluidForce_.size()!=fluidForceHost_.size())
+	{
+		resizeNoInit(fluidForceHost_, fluidForce_.size());
+		resizeNoInit(fluidTorqueHost_, fluidTorque_.size());
+	}
+}
 
 pFlow::sphereFluidParticles::sphereFluidParticles(
-	systemControl &control,
-	const property& prop
-)
-:
-	sphereParticles(control, prop),
-	fluidForce_(
-		this->time().emplaceObject<realx3PointField_HD>(
-			objectFile(
-				"fluidForce",
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
-				),
-			pStruct(),
-			zero3
-			)
-		),
-	fluidTorque_(
-		this->time().emplaceObject<realx3PointField_HD>(
-			objectFile(
-				"fluidTorque",
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
-				),
-			pStruct(),
-			zero3
-			)
-		)
-{} 
+    systemControl &control,
+    const property &prop)
+    : sphereParticles(control, prop),
+      fluidForce_(
+          objectFile(
+              "fluidForce",
+              "",
+              objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+              objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS),
+          dynPointStruct(),
+          zero3),
+      fluidTorque_(
+          objectFile(
+              "fluidTorque",
+              "",
+              objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+              objectFile::WRITE_NEVER),
+          dynPointStruct(),
+          zero3)
+{
+	checkHostMemory();
+} 
 
 bool pFlow::sphereFluidParticles::beforeIteration()
 {
 	sphereParticles::beforeIteration();
+	checkHostMemory();
+
 	return true;
 }
 
@@ -64,42 +66,40 @@ bool pFlow::sphereFluidParticles::beforeIteration()
 bool pFlow::sphereFluidParticles::iterate() 
 {
 
-	accelerationTimer_.start();
+	accelerationTimer().start();
 		pFlow::sphereFluidParticlesKernels::acceleration(
 			control().g(),
-			mass().deviceVectorAll(),
-			contactForce().deviceVectorAll(),
-			fluidForce().deviceVectorAll(),
-			I().deviceVectorAll(),
-			contactTorque().deviceVectorAll(),
-			fluidTorque().deviceVectorAll(),
-			pStruct().activePointsMaskD(),
-			accelertion().deviceVectorAll(),
-			rAcceleration().deviceVectorAll()
+			mass().deviceViewAll(),
+			contactForce().deviceViewAll(),
+			fluidForce_.deviceViewAll(),
+			I().deviceViewAll(),
+			contactTorque().deviceViewAll(),
+			fluidTorque_.deviceViewAll(),
+			pStruct().activePointsMaskDevice(),
+			accelertion().deviceViewAll(),
+			rAcceleration().deviceViewAll()
 			);
-	accelerationTimer_.end();
+	accelerationTimer().end();
 	
-	intCorrectTimer_.start();
+	intCorrectTimer().start();
 	
-		dynPointStruct_.correct(this->dt(), accelertion_);
+		dynPointStruct().correct(this->dt(), accelertion());
 	
-		rVelIntegration_().correct(this->dt(), rVelocity_, rAcceleration_);
+		rVelIntegration().correct(this->dt(), rVelocity(), rAcceleration());
 	
-	intCorrectTimer_.end();
+	intCorrectTimer().end();
 	
 	return true;
 }
 
 void pFlow::sphereFluidParticles::fluidForceHostUpdatedSync()
 {
-	fluidForce_.modifyOnHost();
-	fluidForce_.syncViews();
+	copy(fluidForce_.deviceView(), fluidForceHost_);
 	return;
 }
 
 void pFlow::sphereFluidParticles::fluidTorqueHostUpdatedSync()
 {
-	fluidTorque_.modifyOnHost();
-	fluidTorque_.syncViews();
+	copy(fluidTorque_.deviceView(), fluidTorqueHost_);
 	return;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/DEMSystems/sphereDEMSystem/sphereFluidParticles.hpp b/DEMSystems/sphereDEMSystem/sphereFluidParticles.hpp
index 9890dac8..d8ae9f58 100644
--- a/DEMSystems/sphereDEMSystem/sphereFluidParticles.hpp
+++ b/DEMSystems/sphereDEMSystem/sphereFluidParticles.hpp
@@ -43,12 +43,17 @@ class sphereFluidParticles
 protected:
 	
 	/// pointField of rotational acceleration of particles on device  
-	realx3PointField_HD& 	fluidForce_;
+	realx3PointField_D 		fluidForce_;
 
-	realx3PointField_HD& 	fluidTorque_;
+	hostViewType1D<realx3> 	fluidForceHost_;
 
+	realx3PointField_D 		fluidTorque_;
 
-	void zeroFluidForce_H()
+	hostViewType1D<realx3>	fluidTorqueHost_;
+
+	void checkHostMemory();
+
+	/*void zeroFluidForce_H()
 	{
 		fluidForce_.fillHost(zero3);
 	}
@@ -56,7 +61,7 @@ protected:
 	void zeroFluidTorque_H()
 	{
 		fluidTorque_.fillHost(zero3);
-	}
+	}*/
 
 public:
 
@@ -81,17 +86,16 @@ public:
 	}
 
 
-	auto& fluidForceHostAll()
+	auto& fluidForceHost()
 	{
-		return fluidForce_.hostVectorAll();
+		return fluidForceHost_; 
 	}
 
-	auto& fluidTorqueHostAll()
+	auto& fluidTorqueHost()
 	{
-		return fluidTorque_.hostVectorAll();
+		return fluidTorqueHost_;
 	}
 
-
 	void fluidForceHostUpdatedSync();
 
 	void fluidTorqueHostUpdatedSync();
diff --git a/DEMSystems/sphereDEMSystem/sphereFluidParticlesKernels.hpp b/DEMSystems/sphereDEMSystem/sphereFluidParticlesKernels.hpp
index a8277894..b6743819 100644
--- a/DEMSystems/sphereDEMSystem/sphereFluidParticlesKernels.hpp
+++ b/DEMSystems/sphereDEMSystem/sphereFluidParticlesKernels.hpp
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ void acceleration(
 {
 
 	auto activeRange = incld.activeRange();
-	if(incld.allActive())
+	if(incld.isAllActive())
 	{
 		Kokkos::parallel_for(
 		"pFlow::sphereParticlesKernels::acceleration",
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 1bad11e2..e1281936 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -3,10 +3,18 @@
 </div>
 
 
-**PhasicFlow** is a parallel C++ code for performing DEM simulations. It can run on shared-memory multi-core computational units such as multi-core CPUs or GPUs (for now it works on CUDA-enabled GPUs). The parallelization method mainly relies on loop-level parallelization on a shared-memory computational unit. You can build and run PhasicFlow in serial mode on regular PCs, in parallel mode for multi-core CPUs, or build it for a GPU device to off-load computations to a GPU. In its current statues you can simulate millions of particles (up to 32M particles tested) on a single desktop computer. You can see the [performance tests of PhasicFlow](https://github.com/PhasicFlow/phasicFlow/wiki/Performance-of-phasicFlow) in the wiki page. 
+**PhasicFlow** is a parallel C++ code for performing DEM simulations. It can run on shared-memory multi-core computational units such as multi-core CPUs or GPUs (for now it works on CUDA-enabled GPUs). The parallelization method mainly relies on loop-level parallelization on a shared-memory computational unit. You can build and run PhasicFlow in serial mode on regular PCs, in parallel mode for multi-core CPUs, or build it for a GPU device to off-load computations to a GPU. In its current statues you can simulate millions of particles (up to 80M particles tested) on a single desktop computer. You can see the [performance tests of PhasicFlow](https://github.com/PhasicFlow/phasicFlow/wiki/Performance-of-phasicFlow) in the wiki page.
 
+**MPI** parallelization with dynamic load balancing is under development. With this level of parallelization, PhasicFlow can leverage the computational power of **multi-gpu** workstations or clusters with distributed memory CPUs. 
+In summary PhasicFlow can have 6 execution modes:
+1. Serial on a single CPU core,
+2. Parallel on a multi-core computer/node (using OpenMP),
+3. Parallel on an nvidia-GPU (using Cuda),
+4. Parallel on distributed memory workstation (Using MPI)
+5. Parallel on distributed memory workstations with multi-core nodes (using MPI+OpenMP)
+6. Parallel on workstations with multiple GPUs (using MPI+Cuda).
 ## How to build?
-You can build PhasicFlow for CPU and GPU executions. [Here is a complete step-by-step procedure](https://github.com/PhasicFlow/phasicFlow/wiki/How-to-Build-PhasicFlow).
+You can build PhasicFlow for CPU and GPU executions. The latest release of PhasicFlow is v-0.1. [Here is a complete step-by-step procedure for building phasicFlow-v-0.1.](https://github.com/PhasicFlow/phasicFlow/wiki/How-to-Build-PhasicFlow).
 
 ## Online code documentation
 You can find a full documentation of the code, its features, and other related materials on [online documentation of the code](https://phasicflow.github.io/phasicFlow/)
@@ -22,3 +30,19 @@ PhasicFlowPlus is and extension to PhasicFlow for simulating particle-fluid syst
 * [Kokkos](https://github.com/kokkos/kokkos) from National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC (NTESS)
 * [CLI11 1.8](https://github.com/CLIUtils/CLI11) from University of Cincinnati.
 
+## How to cite PhasicFlow
+If you are using PhasicFlow in your research or industrial work, cite the following [article](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010465523001662):
+```
+@article{NOROUZI2023108821,
+title = {PhasicFlow: A parallel, multi-architecture open-source code for DEM simulations},
+journal = {Computer Physics Communications},
+volume = {291},
+pages = {108821},
+year = {2023},
+issn = {0010-4655},
+doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2023.108821},
+url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010465523001662},
+author = {H.R. Norouzi},
+keywords = {Discrete element method, Parallel computing, CUDA, GPU, OpenMP, Granular flow}
+}
+```
diff --git a/cmake/autoComplete b/cmake/autoComplete
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..57de5139
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmake/autoComplete
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+PF_cFlags="--description --help --version"
+
+_pFlowToVTK(){
+    if [ "$3" == "--time" ]; then
+      COMPREPLY=( $(ls) )
+    else
+      COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$PF_cFlags --binary --no-geometry --no-particles --out-folder --time --separate-surfaces --fields" -- "$2") )
+    fi
+}
+complete -F _pFlowToVTK pFlowToVTK
+
+_postprocessPhasicFlow(){
+    if [ "$3" == "--time" ]; then
+      COMPREPLY=( $(ls) )
+    else
+      COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "$PF_cFlags --out-folder --time --zeroFolder" -- "$2") )
+    fi
+}
+complete -F _postprocessPhasicFlow postprocessPhasicFlow
+
+complete -W "$PF_cFlags --positionParticles-only --setFields-only --coupling" particlesPhasicFlow
+
+complete -W "$PF_cFlags --coupling" geometryPhasicFlow 
+
+complete -W "$PF_cFlags --coupling" iterateGeometry
+
+complete -W "$PF_cFlags" iterateSphereParticles
+
+complete -W "$PF_cFlags" sphereGranFlow
+
+complete -W "$PF_cFlags" grainGranFlow
+
+complete -W "$PF_cFlags" checkPhasicFlow
diff --git a/cmake/bashrc b/cmake/bashrc
index 50f8fa60..e905df58 100644
--- a/cmake/bashrc
+++ b/cmake/bashrc
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 
-export pFlow_PROJECT_VERSION=v0.1
-
-export pFlow_PROJECT=phasicFlow
+export pFlow_PROJECT_VERSION=v-1.0
 
+export pFlow_PROJECT="phasicFlow-$pFlow_PROJECT_VERSION"
 
 projectDir="$HOME/PhasicFlow" 
 kokkosDir="$HOME/Kokkos/kokkos"
@@ -20,6 +19,8 @@ export pFlow_SRC_DIR="$pFlow_PROJECT_DIR/src"
 
 export Kokkos_DIR="$kokkosDir"
 
+export Zoltan_DIR="$projectDir/Zoltan"
+
 # Cleanup variables (done as final statement for a clean exit code)
 unset projectDir
 
@@ -27,5 +28,7 @@ export PATH="$pFlow_BIN_DIR:$PATH"
 
 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$pFlow_LIB_DIR:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
 
+export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$Zoltan_DIR/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
 
+source $pFlow_PROJECT_DIR/cmake/autoComplete 
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/cmake/globals.cmake b/cmake/globals.cmake
index b3158dd8..34c075b4 100644
--- a/cmake/globals.cmake
+++ b/cmake/globals.cmake
@@ -2,3 +2,52 @@
 set(validFiles)
 list(APPEND validFiles *.C *.cpp *.cxx *.c *.cu *.H *.hpp *.hxx *.h *.cuh)
 
+macro(Kokkos_cmake_settings)
+
+#mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_CUDA_LAMBDA)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_CXX_STANDARD)
+#mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_CUDA_CONSTEXPR)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_OPENMP)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_SERIAL)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_CUDA)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_HIP)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_AGGRESSIVE_VECTORIZATION)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_BENCHMARKS)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_COMPILE_AS_CMAKE_LANGUAGE)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_CUDA_LDG_INTRINSIC)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_CUDA_RELOCATABLE_DEVICE_CODE)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_CUDA_UVM)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_DEPRECATED_CODE_3)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_DEPRECATED_CODE_4)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_DEPRECATION_WARNINGS)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_DESUL_ATOMICS_EXTERNAL)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_EXAMPLES)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_HEADER_SELF_CONTAINMENT_TESTS)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_HIP_MULTIPLE_KERNEL_INSTANTIATIONS)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_HIP_RELOCATABLE_DEVICE_CODE)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_HPX)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_HWLOC)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_IMPL_CUDA_MALLOC_ASYNC)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_IMPL_HPX_ASYNC_DISPATCH)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_LARGE_MEM_TESTS)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_DEBUG_DUALVIEW_MODIFY_CHECK)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_LIBQUADMATH)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_LIBRT)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_MEMKIND)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_ONEDPL)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_OPENACC)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_OPENMPTARGET)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_ROCM)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_SYCL)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_TESTS)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_THREADS)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_TUNING)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ENABLE_UNSUPPORTED_ARCHS)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_HPX_DIR)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_HWLOC_DIR)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_MEMKIND_DIR)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_ROCM_DIR)
+mark_as_advanced(FORCE var Kokkos_THREADS_DIR)
+
+endmacro()
+
diff --git a/cmake/makeExecutableGlobals.cmake b/cmake/makeExecutableGlobals.cmake
index 24eb6e0f..45d77e4e 100644
--- a/cmake/makeExecutableGlobals.cmake
+++ b/cmake/makeExecutableGlobals.cmake
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ target_include_directories(${target_name}
 
 message(STATUS "\nCreating make file for executable ${target_name}")
 message(STATUS "  ${target_name} link libraries are: ${${target_link_libs}}")
-message(STATUS "  ${target_name} source files are: ${source_files}")
-message(STATUS "  ${target_name} include dirs are: ${includeDirs}\n")
+#message(STATUS "  ${target_name} source files are: ${${source_files}}")
+#message(STATUS "  ${target_name} include dirs are: ${includeDirs}\n")
 
 
 install(TARGETS ${target_name} DESTINATION bin)
diff --git a/cmake/makeLibraryGlobals.cmake b/cmake/makeLibraryGlobals.cmake
index b5e30156..95d52a47 100644
--- a/cmake/makeLibraryGlobals.cmake
+++ b/cmake/makeLibraryGlobals.cmake
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ target_include_directories(${target_name}
 
 message(STATUS "\nCreating make file for library ${target_name}")
 message(STATUS "  ${target_name} link libraries are: ${${target_link_libs}}")
-message(STATUS "  ${target_name} source files are: ${source_files}")
-message(STATUS "  ${target_name} include dirs are: ${includeDirs}\n")
+#message(STATUS "  ${target_name} source files are: ${source_files}")
+#message(STATUS "  ${target_name} include dirs are: ${includeDirs}\n \n")
 
 install(TARGETS ${target_name} DESTINATION lib)
 install(FILES ${includeFiles}  DESTINATION include/${target_name})
diff --git a/phasicFlowConfig.H.in b/phasicFlowConfig.H.in
index 919867e4..0f1b3224 100644
--- a/phasicFlowConfig.H.in
+++ b/phasicFlowConfig.H.in
@@ -5,5 +5,6 @@
 #cmakedefine pFlow_Build_Serial
 #cmakedefine pFlow_Build_OpenMP
 #cmakedefine pFlow_Build_Cuda
-#cmakedefine USE_STD_PARALLEL_ALG
-#cmakedefine pFlow_Build_Double
\ No newline at end of file
+#cmakedefine pFlow_STD_Parallel_Alg
+#cmakedefine pFlow_Build_Double
+#cmakedefine pFlow_Build_MPI
diff --git a/solvers/CMakeLists.txt b/solvers/CMakeLists.txt
index 45bc40aa..5ecf3fb5 100644
--- a/solvers/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/solvers/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 
 
-#add_subdirectory(iterateSphereParticles)
+add_subdirectory(iterateSphereParticles)
 
 add_subdirectory(iterateGeometry)
 
 add_subdirectory(sphereGranFlow)
+
+add_subdirectory(grainGranFlow)
diff --git a/solvers/grainGranFlow/CMakeLists.txt b/solvers/grainGranFlow/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..afd35eb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/solvers/grainGranFlow/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+
+set(source_files
+grainGranFlow.cpp
+)
+set(link_lib Kokkos::kokkos phasicFlow Particles Geometry Property Interaction Interaction Utilities)
+
+pFlow_make_executable_install(grainGranFlow source_files link_lib)
diff --git a/solvers/grainGranFlow/createDEMComponents.hpp b/solvers/grainGranFlow/createDEMComponents.hpp
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..a92ed5c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/solvers/grainGranFlow/createDEMComponents.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+//
+REPORT(0)<<"\nReading sphere particles . . ."<<END_REPORT;
+pFlow::grainParticles grnParticles(Control, proprties);
+
+//
+REPORT(0)<<"\nCreating particle insertion object . . ."<<END_REPORT;
+/*auto& sphInsertion = 
+	Control.caseSetup().emplaceObject<sphereInsertion>(
+		objectFile(
+			insertionFile__,
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
+			objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
+			),
+		sphParticles,
+		sphParticles.shapes()
+	);*/
+
+auto grnInsertion =  pFlow::grainInsertion(
+	grnParticles, 
+	grnParticles.grains());
+
+REPORT(0)<<"\nCreating interaction model for sphere-sphere contact and sphere-wall contact . . ."<<END_REPORT;
+auto interactionPtr = pFlow::interaction::create(
+	Control,
+	grnParticles,
+	surfGeometry
+	);
+
+auto& grnInteraction = interactionPtr();
diff --git a/solvers/grainGranFlow/grainGranFlow.cpp b/solvers/grainGranFlow/grainGranFlow.cpp
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..89b77633
--- /dev/null
+++ b/solvers/grainGranFlow/grainGranFlow.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/** 
+ * \file sphereGranFlow.cpp
+ * \brief sphereGranFlow solver 
+ *
+ * This solver simulate granular flow of cohesion-less, spherical particles. 
+ * Particle insertion can be activated in the solver to gradually insert 
+ * particles into the simulation. Geometry can be defined generally with 
+ * built-in features of the code or through ASCII stl files or a combination
+ * of both. For more information refer to [tutorials/sphereGranFlow/]
+ * (https://github.com/PhasicFlow/phasicFlow/tree/main/tutorials/sphereGranFlow) folder.
+ */
+
+#include "vocabs.hpp"
+#include "phasicFlowKokkos.hpp"
+#include "systemControl.hpp"
+#include "commandLine.hpp"
+#include "property.hpp"
+#include "geometry.hpp"
+#include "grainParticles.hpp"
+#include "interaction.hpp"
+#include "Insertions.hpp"
+
+
+
+//#include "readControlDict.hpp"
+
+
+/**
+ * DEM solver for simulating granular flow of cohesion-less particles.
+ *
+ * In the root case directory just simply enter the following command to 
+ * run the simulation. For command line options use flag -h. 
+ */
+int main( int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+
+pFlow::commandLine cmds(
+		"grainGranFlow",
+		"DEM solver for non-cohesive spherical grain particles with particle insertion "
+		"mechanism and moving geometry");
+
+bool isCoupling = false;
+
+if(!cmds.parse(argc, argv)) return 0;
+
+// this should be palced in each main 
+pFlow::processors::initProcessors(argc, argv);
+pFlow::initialize_pFlowProcessors();
+#include "initialize_Control.hpp"
+	 
+	#include "setProperty.hpp"
+	#include "setSurfaceGeometry.hpp"
+	
+
+	#include "createDEMComponents.hpp"
+	
+	REPORT(0)<<"\nStart of time loop . . .\n"<<END_REPORT;
+
+	do 
+	{
+		
+		if(! grnInsertion.insertParticles( 
+			Control.time().currentIter(),
+			Control.time().currentTime(),
+			Control.time().dt()	) )
+		{
+			fatalError<<
+			"particle insertion failed in grain DFlow solver.\n";
+			return 1;
+		}
+		 
+		// set force to zero
+		surfGeometry.beforeIteration();
+
+		// set force to zero, predict, particle deletion and etc. 
+		grnParticles.beforeIteration();
+
+		grnInteraction.beforeIteration();
+		
+		grnInteraction.iterate();	
+		
+		surfGeometry.iterate();
+
+		grnParticles.iterate();
+
+		grnInteraction.afterIteration();
+
+		surfGeometry.afterIteration();
+
+		grnParticles.afterIteration();
+				
+
+	}while(Control++);
+
+	REPORT(0)<<"\nEnd of time loop.\n"<<END_REPORT;
+
+// this should be palced in each main 
+#include "finalize.hpp"
+pFlow::processors::finalizeProcessors();
+
+
+}	
+
diff --git a/solvers/iterateGeometry/iterateGeometry.cpp b/solvers/iterateGeometry/iterateGeometry.cpp
index a43212c1..1279d1c6 100755
--- a/solvers/iterateGeometry/iterateGeometry.cpp
+++ b/solvers/iterateGeometry/iterateGeometry.cpp
@@ -28,18 +28,17 @@ Licence:
  * (https://github.com/PhasicFlow/phasicFlow/tree/main/tutorials/iterateGeometry)
  * folder.
  */
- 
-#include "systemControl.hpp"
-#include "geometryMotion.hpp"
-#include "commandLine.hpp"
-#include "readControlDict.hpp"
 
-using pFlow::commandLine;
+#include "vocabs.hpp"
+#include "systemControl.hpp"
+#include "geometry.hpp"
+#include "commandLine.hpp"
+//#include "readControlDict.hpp"
 
 int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
 {
 
-commandLine cmds(
+pFlow::commandLine cmds(
     "iterateGeometry",
     "Performs simulation without particles, only geometry is solved");
 
@@ -54,6 +53,8 @@ commandLine cmds(
    
 
 // this should be palced in each main 
+pFlow::processors::initProcessors(argc, argv);
+pFlow::initialize_pFlowProcessors();
 #include "initialize_Control.hpp"
 	
 	#include "setProperty.hpp"
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ commandLine cmds(
 
 // this should be palced in each main 
 #include "finalize.hpp"
+pFlow::processors::finalizeProcessors();
 
 }
 
diff --git a/solvers/iterateSphereParticles/CMakeLists.txt b/solvers/iterateSphereParticles/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..59700110
--- /dev/null
+++ b/solvers/iterateSphereParticles/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+
+set(source_files
+iterateSphereParticles.cpp
+)
+set(link_lib  Particles)
+
+pFlow_make_executable_install(iterateSphereParticles source_files link_lib)
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/peakableRegions.cpp b/solvers/iterateSphereParticles/createDEMComponents.hpp
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
similarity index 84%
rename from src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/peakableRegions.cpp
rename to solvers/iterateSphereParticles/createDEMComponents.hpp
index 32476038..e9975f44
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/peakableRegions.cpp
+++ b/solvers/iterateSphereParticles/createDEMComponents.hpp
@@ -18,10 +18,8 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
+//
+REPORT(0)<<"\nReading sphere particles . . ."<<END_REPORT;
+pFlow::sphereParticles sphParticles(Control, proprties);
 
-#include "peakableRegions.hpp"
-
- 
-#ifdef BUILD_SHARED_LIBS
-	#include "peakableRegionInstantiate.cpp"
-#endif
+WARNING<<"Particle insertion has not been set yet!"<<END_WARNING;
diff --git a/solvers/iterateSphereParticles/iterateSphereParticles.cpp b/solvers/iterateSphereParticles/iterateSphereParticles.cpp
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..1af6c7eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/solvers/iterateSphereParticles/iterateSphereParticles.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/** 
+ * \file sphereGranFlow.cpp
+ * \brief sphereGranFlow solver 
+ *
+ * This solver simulate granular flow of cohesion-less, spherical particles. 
+ * Particle insertion can be activated in the solver to gradually insert 
+ * particles into the simulation. Geometry can be defined generally with 
+ * built-in features of the code or through ASCII stl files or a combination
+ * of both. For more information refer to [tutorials/sphereGranFlow/]
+ * (https://github.com/PhasicFlow/phasicFlow/tree/main/tutorials/sphereGranFlow) folder.
+ */
+
+#include "vocabs.hpp"
+#include "property.hpp"
+#include "sphereParticles.hpp"
+#include "systemControl.hpp"
+#include "commandLine.hpp"
+
+
+
+/**
+ * DEM solver for simulating granular flow of cohesion-less particles.
+ *
+ * In the root case directory just simply enter the following command to 
+ * run the simulation. For command line options use flag -h. 
+ */
+int main( int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+
+pFlow::commandLine cmds(
+		"sphereGranFlow",
+		"DEM solver for non-cohesive spherical particles with particle insertion "
+		"mechanism and moving geometry");
+
+bool isCoupling = false;
+
+if(!cmds.parse(argc, argv)) return 0;
+
+// this should be palced in each main 
+pFlow::processors::initProcessors(argc, argv); 
+pFlow::initialize_pFlowProcessors();
+#include "initialize_Control.hpp"
+	
+	#include "setProperty.hpp"
+
+	#include "createDEMComponents.hpp"
+	
+	REPORT(0)<<"\nStart of time loop . . .\n"<<END_REPORT;
+
+	do 
+	{
+		
+		sphParticles.beforeIteration();
+	
+		sphParticles.iterate();
+
+		sphParticles.afterIteration();		
+
+	}while(Control++);
+
+	REPORT(0)<<"\nEnd of time loop.\n"<<END_REPORT;
+
+// this should be palced in each main 
+#include "finalize.hpp"
+pFlow::processors::finalizeProcessors();
+
+
+}	
+
diff --git a/solvers/sphereGranFlow/createDEMComponents.hpp b/solvers/sphereGranFlow/createDEMComponents.hpp
index 92cf1f53..ddbceafe 100755
--- a/solvers/sphereGranFlow/createDEMComponents.hpp
+++ b/solvers/sphereGranFlow/createDEMComponents.hpp
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ Licence:
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 //
-REPORT(0)<<"\nReading sphere particles . . ."<<endREPORT;
-sphereParticles sphParticles(Control, proprties);
+REPORT(0)<<"\nReading sphere particles . . ."<<END_REPORT;
+pFlow::sphereParticles sphParticles(Control, proprties);
 
 //
-REPORT(0)<<"\nCreating particle insertion object . . ."<<endREPORT;
+REPORT(0)<<"\nCreating particle insertion object . . ."<<END_REPORT;
 /*auto& sphInsertion = 
 	Control.caseSetup().emplaceObject<sphereInsertion>(
 		objectFile(
@@ -36,13 +36,12 @@ REPORT(0)<<"\nCreating particle insertion object . . ."<<endREPORT;
 		sphParticles.shapes()
 	);*/
 
-auto sphInsertion =  sphereInsertion(
-	Control.caseSetup().path()+insertionFile__, 
+auto sphInsertion =  pFlow::sphereInsertion(
 	sphParticles, 
-	sphParticles.shapes());
+	sphParticles.spheres());
 
-REPORT(0)<<"\nCreating interaction model for sphere-sphere contact and sphere-wall contact . . ."<<endREPORT;
-auto interactionPtr = interaction::create(
+REPORT(0)<<"\nCreating interaction model for sphere-sphere contact and sphere-wall contact . . ."<<END_REPORT;
+auto interactionPtr = pFlow::interaction::create(
 	Control,
 	sphParticles,
 	surfGeometry
diff --git a/solvers/sphereGranFlow/sphereGranFlow.cpp b/solvers/sphereGranFlow/sphereGranFlow.cpp
index da435776..d854b417 100755
--- a/solvers/sphereGranFlow/sphereGranFlow.cpp
+++ b/solvers/sphereGranFlow/sphereGranFlow.cpp
@@ -30,29 +30,17 @@ Licence:
  * (https://github.com/PhasicFlow/phasicFlow/tree/main/tutorials/sphereGranFlow) folder.
  */
 
+#include "vocabs.hpp"
+#include "phasicFlowKokkos.hpp"
+#include "systemControl.hpp"
+#include "commandLine.hpp"
 #include "property.hpp"
 #include "geometry.hpp"
 #include "sphereParticles.hpp"
+#include "interaction.hpp"
 #include "Insertions.hpp"
-#include "systemControl.hpp"
-#include "contactSearch.hpp"
-#include "sphereInteraction.hpp"
-#include "commandLine.hpp"
-#include "readControlDict.hpp"
-
-using pFlow::output;
-using pFlow::endl;
-using pFlow::property;
-using pFlow::sphereParticles;
-using pFlow::objectFile;
-using pFlow::sphereInsertion;
-using pFlow::insertionFile__;
-using pFlow::interactionFile__;
-using pFlow::contactSearch;
-using pFlow::interaction;
-using pFlow::commandLine;
-
 
+//#include "readControlDict.hpp"
 
 /**
  * DEM solver for simulating granular flow of cohesion-less particles.
@@ -63,7 +51,7 @@ using pFlow::commandLine;
 int main( int argc, char* argv[])
 {
 
-commandLine cmds(
+pFlow::commandLine cmds(
 		"sphereGranFlow",
 		"DEM solver for non-cohesive spherical particles with particle insertion "
 		"mechanism and moving geometry");
@@ -73,20 +61,22 @@ bool isCoupling = false;
 if(!cmds.parse(argc, argv)) return 0;
 
 // this should be palced in each main 
+pFlow::processors::initProcessors(argc, argv);
+pFlow::initialize_pFlowProcessors();
 #include "initialize_Control.hpp"
-	
+	 
 	#include "setProperty.hpp"
 	#include "setSurfaceGeometry.hpp"
-	
 
 	#include "createDEMComponents.hpp"
 	
-	REPORT(0)<<"\nStart of time loop . . .\n"<<endREPORT;
+	REPORT(0)<<"\nStart of time loop . . .\n"<<END_REPORT;
 
 	do 
 	{
 		
 		if(! sphInsertion.insertParticles( 
+			Control.time().currentIter(),
 			Control.time().currentTime(),
 			Control.time().dt()	) )
 		{
@@ -94,31 +84,35 @@ if(!cmds.parse(argc, argv)) return 0;
 			"particle insertion failed in sphereDFlow solver.\n";
 			return 1;
 		}
-
+		 
+		// set force to zero
 		surfGeometry.beforeIteration();
-		
-		sphInteraction.beforeIteration();
 
+		// set force to zero, predict, particle deletion and etc. 
 		sphParticles.beforeIteration();
+
+		sphInteraction.beforeIteration();
 		
+		sphInteraction.iterate();	
 		
-		sphInteraction.iterate();
+		surfGeometry.iterate();
 
 		sphParticles.iterate();
 
-		surfGeometry.iterate();
+		sphInteraction.afterIteration();
+
+		surfGeometry.afterIteration();
 
 		sphParticles.afterIteration();
-		
-		surfGeometry.afterIteration();
-		
+				
 
 	}while(Control++);
 
-	REPORT(0)<<"\nEnd of time loop.\n"<<endREPORT;
+	REPORT(0)<<"\nEnd of time loop.\n"<<END_REPORT;
 
 // this should be palced in each main 
 #include "finalize.hpp"
+pFlow::processors::finalizeProcessors();
 
 
 }	
diff --git a/src/CMakeLists.txt b/src/CMakeLists.txt
index b6a61171..7b403304 100644
--- a/src/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ add_subdirectory(Property)
 
 add_subdirectory(Particles)
 
+add_subdirectory(Geometry)
+
 add_subdirectory(Interaction)
 
 add_subdirectory(MotionModel)
 
-add_subdirectory(Geometry)
-
diff --git a/src/Geometry/geometry/geometry.cpp b/src/Geometry/geometry/geometry.cpp
index 4d7edc04..e9cbab45 100644
--- a/src/Geometry/geometry/geometry.cpp
+++ b/src/Geometry/geometry/geometry.cpp
@@ -19,33 +19,41 @@ Licence:
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #include "geometry.hpp"
+#include "systemControl.hpp"
 #include "vocabs.hpp"
 
 
-bool pFlow::geometry::findPropertyId()
+bool pFlow::geometry::createPropertyId()
 {
-
-	int8Vector propId(0, surface().capacity(),RESERVE());
-	propId.clear();
-
-	uint32 pId;
-	ForAll(matI, materialName_)
+	if(materialName_.size() != numSurfaces() )
 	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"number of subSurface and material names do not match"<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	uint32Vector propId(
+		"propId", 
+		capacity(), 
+		size(),
+		RESERVE());
+
+	ForAll(i, materialName_)
+	{
+		uint32 pIdx =0;
 		
-		if( !wallProperty_.nameToIndex( materialName_[matI], pId ) )
+		if( !wallProperty_.nameToIndex(materialName_[i], pIdx) )
 		{
-		 	fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		 	"material name for the geometry is invalid: "<< materialName_[matI]<<endl;
-		 	return false;
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"Property/material name is invalid "<<materialName_[i]<<
+			". A list of valid names are \n"<< wallProperty_.materials()<<endl;
+			return false;
 		}
-
-		int32 surfSize = surface().surfNumTriangles(matI);
-
-		for(int32 i=0; i<surfSize; i++)
-		{
-			propId.push_back(pId);
-		}
-	}	
+		
+		auto triRange = subSurfaceRange(i);
+		propId.fill(triRange.start(), triRange.end(), pIdx);
+		
+	}
 
 	propertyId_.assign(propId);
 
@@ -53,83 +61,363 @@ bool pFlow::geometry::findPropertyId()
 
 }
 
+void pFlow::geometry::zeroForce()
+{
+	contactForceWall_.fill(zero3);
+}
+
 pFlow::geometry::geometry
 (
 	systemControl& control,
 	const property& prop
 )
 :
-	demGeometry(control),
+	multiTriSurface
+	(
+		objectFile
+		(
+			triSurfaceFile__,
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
+			objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
+		),
+		&control.geometry()
+	),
+	demComponent
+	(
+		"geometry",
+		control
+	),
 	wallProperty_(prop),
-	geometryRepository_(control.geometry()),
-	triSurface_(
-		control.geometry().emplaceObject<multiTriSurface>(
-			objectFile(
-				"triSurface",
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
-				)
-			)
+	propertyId_
+	(
+		objectFile
+		(
+			"propertyId",
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+			objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
 		),
-	motionComponentName_(
-		control.geometry().emplaceObject<wordField>(
-			objectFile(
-				"motionComponentName",
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS	
-				),
-			"motionNamesList"
-			)
+		*this,
+		0u
+	),
+	contactForceWall_
+	(
+		objectFile
+		(
+			"contactForcWall",
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+			objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
 		),
-	materialName_(
-		control.geometry().emplaceObject<wordField>(
-			objectFile(
-				"materialName",
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
-				),
-			"materialNamesList"
-			)
+		*this,
+		zero3
+	),
+	normalStressWall_
+	(
+		objectFile
+		(
+			"normalStressWall",
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+			objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
 		),
-	propertyId_(
-		control.geometry().emplaceObject<int8TriSurfaceField_D>(
-			objectFile(
-				"propertyId",
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_NEVER,
-				objectFile::WRITE_NEVER),
-			surface(),
-			0 ) ),
-	contactForceWall_(
-		control.geometry().emplaceObject<realx3TriSurfaceField_D>(
-			objectFile(
-				"contactForceWall",
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS),
-			surface(),
-			zero3) ),
-	stressWall_(
-		control.geometry().emplaceObject<realx3TriSurfaceField_D>(
-			objectFile(
-				"stressWall",
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS),
-			surface(),
-			zero3) )
+		*this,
+		zero3
+	),
+	shearStressWall_
+	(
+		objectFile
+		(
+			"shearStressWall",
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+			objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
+		),
+		*this,
+		zero3
+	)
 {
 
-	if(!findPropertyId())
+	readWholeObject_ = false;
+	if( !IOobject::readObject() )
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<<
+        "Error in reading from file "<<IOobject::path()<<endl;
+        fatalExit;
+    }
+	readWholeObject_ = true;
+
+	if( this->numSurfaces() != motionComponentName_.size() )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"Number of surfaces is not equal to number of motion component names"<<endl;
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+	
+	if(!createPropertyId())
 	{
 		fatalExit;
 	}
 }
 
 pFlow::geometry::geometry
+(
+	systemControl &control, 
+	const property &prop, 
+	multiTriSurface &surf, 
+	const wordVector &motionCompName, 
+	const wordVector &materialName,
+	const dictionary& motionDict
+)
+:
+	multiTriSurface
+	(
+		objectFile
+		(
+			triSurfaceFile__,
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+			objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
+		),
+		&control.geometry(),
+		surf
+	),
+	demComponent
+	(
+		"geometry",
+		control
+	),
+	wallProperty_
+	(
+		prop
+	),
+	propertyId_
+	(
+		objectFile
+		(
+			"propertyId",
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+			objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
+		),
+		*this,
+		0u
+	),
+	contactForceWall_
+	(
+		objectFile
+		(
+			"contactForcWall",
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+			objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
+		),
+		*this,
+		zero3
+	),
+	normalStressWall_
+	(
+		objectFile
+		(
+			"normalStressWall",
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+			objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
+		),
+		*this,
+		zero3
+	),
+	shearStressWall_
+	(
+		objectFile
+		(
+			"shearStressWall",
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+			objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
+		),
+		*this,
+		zero3
+	)
+	
+{
+	motionComponentName_.assign(motionCompName);
+	materialName_.assign(materialName);
+
+
+	if( this->numSurfaces() != motionComponentName_.size() )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"Number of surfaces ("<< this->numSurfaces() <<
+        ") is not equal to number of motion component names("<<
+        motionComponentName_.size()<<")"<<endl;
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+	if(!createPropertyId())
+	{
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+}
+
+bool pFlow::geometry::beforeIteration()
+{
+	zeroForce();
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::geometry::iterate()
+{
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::geometry::afterIteration()
+{
+	auto numTris = size();
+	auto& normalsD = normals().deviceViewAll();
+	auto& areaD = area().deviceViewAll();
+	auto& cForceD = contactForceWall_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto& sStressD = shearStressWall_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto& nStressD = normalStressWall_.deviceViewAll();
+
+	Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		"pFlow::geometry::afterIteration",
+		deviceRPolicyStatic(0, numTris),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i)
+		{	
+			realx3 n = normalsD[i];
+			real A = max(areaD[i],smallValue);
+			realx3 nF = dot(cForceD[i],n)*n;
+			realx3 sF = cForceD[i] - nF;
+			nStressD[i] = nF/A;
+			sStressD[i] = sF/A;
+		});
+	Kokkos::fence();
+    
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::geometry::read(iIstream &is, const IOPattern &iop)
+{
+	motionComponentName_.read(is, iop);
+	
+	materialName_.read(is, iop);
+	
+	if( readWholeObject_ )
+	{
+		return multiTriSurface::read(is, iop);
+	}
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::geometry::write(iOstream &os, const IOPattern &iop) const
+{
+    
+	if( !motionComponentName_.write(os, iop) )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if( !materialName_.write(os,iop))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		return false;
+	}
+	
+	return multiTriSurface::write(os,iop);
+}
+
+
+pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::geometry> 
+	pFlow::geometry::create
+(
+	systemControl& control,
+	const property& prop
+)
+{
+	
+	//
+	fileDictionary dict( motionModelFile__, control.time().geometry().path());
+
+	word model = dict.getVal<word>("motionModel");
+	
+	auto geomModel = angleBracketsNames("geometry", model);
+
+	REPORT(1)<< "Selecting geometry model . . ."<<END_REPORT;
+	if( systemControlvCtorSelector_.search(geomModel) )
+	{
+		auto objPtr = systemControlvCtorSelector_[geomModel] (control, prop);
+		REPORT(2)<<"Model "<< Green_Text(geomModel)<<" is created.\n"<<END_REPORT;
+		return objPtr;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		printKeys
+		( 
+			fatalError << "Ctor Selector "<< Yellow_Text(geomModel) << " dose not exist. \n"
+			<<"Avaiable ones are: \n\n"
+			,
+			systemControlvCtorSelector_
+		);
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+	return nullptr;
+}
+
+pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::geometry> 
+	pFlow::geometry::create
+	(
+		systemControl& control, 
+		const property& prop,
+		multiTriSurface& surf,
+		const wordVector& motionCompName,
+		const wordVector& materialName,
+		const dictionary& motionDic
+	)
+{
+
+	word model = motionDic.getVal<word>("motionModel");
+
+	auto geomModel = angleBracketsNames("geometry", model);
+
+	REPORT(1)<< "Selecting geometry model . . ."<<END_REPORT;
+
+	if( dictionaryvCtorSelector_.search(geomModel) )
+	{
+		auto objPtr = dictionaryvCtorSelector_[geomModel] 
+			(
+				control,
+				prop, 
+				surf,
+				motionCompName,
+				materialName,
+				motionDic
+			);
+		REPORT(2)<<"Model "<< Green_Text(geomModel)<<" is created.\n"<<END_REPORT;
+		return objPtr;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		printKeys
+		( 
+			fatalError << "Ctor Selector "<< Yellow_Text(geomModel) << " dose not exist. \n"
+			<<"Avaiable ones are: \n\n"
+			,
+			dictionaryvCtorSelector_
+		);
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+	return nullptr;
+}
+
+
+
+
+/*pFlow::geometry::geometry
 (
 	systemControl& control,
 	const property& prop,
@@ -224,52 +512,7 @@ pFlow::geometry::geometry
 {}
 
 
-pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::geometry> 
-	pFlow::geometry::create
-(
-	systemControl& control,
-	const property& prop
-)
-{
-	//motionModelFile__
-	auto motionDictPtr = IOobject::make<dictionary>
-	(
-		objectFile
-		(
-			motionModelFile__,
-			control.geometry().path(),
-			objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
-			objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
-		),
-		motionModelFile__,
-		true
-	);
 
-	word model = motionDictPtr().getObject<dictionary>().getVal<word>("motionModel");
-	
-	auto geomModel = angleBracketsNames("geometry", model);
-
-	REPORT(1)<< "Selecting geometry model . . ."<<endREPORT;
-	if( systemControlvCtorSelector_.search(geomModel) )
-	{
-		auto objPtr = systemControlvCtorSelector_[geomModel] (control, prop);
-		REPORT(2)<<"Model "<< greenText(geomModel)<<" is created.\n"<<endREPORT;
-		return objPtr;
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		printKeys
-		( 
-			fatalError << "Ctor Selector "<< yellowText(geomModel) << " dose not exist. \n"
-			<<"Avaiable ones are: \n\n"
-			,
-			systemControlvCtorSelector_
-		);
-		fatalExit;
-	}
-
-	return nullptr;
-}
 
 bool pFlow::geometry::beforeIteration()
 { 
@@ -296,48 +539,4 @@ bool pFlow::geometry::afterIteration()
 	Kokkos::fence();
 	return true;
 	
-}
-
-pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::geometry> 
-	pFlow::geometry::create(
-			systemControl& control,
-			const property& prop,
-			const dictionary& dict,
-			const multiTriSurface& triSurface,
-			const wordVector& motionCompName,
-			const wordVector& propName)
-{
-
-	word model = dict.getVal<word>("motionModel");
-
-	auto geomModel = angleBracketsNames("geometry", model);
-
-	REPORT(1)<< "Selecting geometry model . . ."<<endREPORT;
-
-	if( dictionaryvCtorSelector_.search(geomModel) )
-	{
-		auto objPtr = dictionaryvCtorSelector_[geomModel] 
-			(
-				control,
-				prop, 
-				dict,
-				triSurface,
-				motionCompName,
-				propName
-			);
-		REPORT(2)<<"Model "<< greenText(geomModel)<<" is created.\n"<<endREPORT;
-		return objPtr;
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		printKeys
-		( 
-			fatalError << "Ctor Selector "<< yellowText(geomModel) << " dose not exist. \n"
-			<<"Avaiable ones are: \n\n"
-			,
-			dictionaryvCtorSelector_
-		);
-		fatalExit;
-	}
-	return nullptr;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}*/
diff --git a/src/Geometry/geometry/geometry.hpp b/src/Geometry/geometry/geometry.hpp
index a8296700..c336cbf2 100644
--- a/src/Geometry/geometry/geometry.hpp
+++ b/src/Geometry/geometry/geometry.hpp
@@ -23,13 +23,14 @@ Licence:
 
 
 #include "virtualConstructor.hpp"
-#include "demGeometry.hpp"
+#include "demComponent.hpp"
 #include "property.hpp"
-#include "Fields.hpp"
-#include "Vectors.hpp"
 #include "multiTriSurface.hpp"
 #include "triSurfaceFields.hpp"
-#include "dictionary.hpp"
+//#include "Fields.hpp"
+//#include "Vectors.hpp"
+
+
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
@@ -42,49 +43,50 @@ namespace pFlow
  */
 class geometry
 :
-	public demGeometry
+	public multiTriSurface,
+	public demComponent
 {
-protected:
+private:
 
 	// - Protected members 
 
 		/// Const reference to physical property of materials 
 		const property& 	wallProperty_;
 
-		/// Repository to store geometry data at each simulation moment
-		repository&  		geometryRepository_;
-
-		/// All triangles in the set of wall surfaces 
-		multiTriSurface&  	triSurface_;
-
 		/// The name of motion component of each wall surface 
-		wordField& 			motionComponentName_;
+		wordField_H 		motionComponentName_{
+								"motionComponentName",	
+								"motionComponentName"};
 
 		/// Material name of each wall surface  
-		wordField&   		materialName_;
+		wordField_H   		materialName_{
+								"materialName",
+								"materialName"};
 		
 		/// Property id of each triangle in the set of wall surfaces
-		int8TriSurfaceField_D& 		propertyId_;
+		uint32TriSurfaceField_D 		propertyId_;
 
 		/// Contact force on each triangle in the set of wall surfaces
-		realx3TriSurfaceField_D& 	contactForceWall_;
+		realx3TriSurfaceField_D 		contactForceWall_;
 
-		/// Stress on ech triangle in the set of wall surfaces 
-		realx3TriSurfaceField_D&    stressWall_;
+		/// Stress on each triangle in the set of wall surfaces 
+		realx3TriSurfaceField_D 		normalStressWall_;
+
+		/// Stress on each triangle in the set of wall surfaces 
+		realx3TriSurfaceField_D 		shearStressWall_;
+
+
+		bool readWholeObject_ = true; 			
 
 	// - Protected member functions
 	
 		/// Find property id of each triangle based on the supplied material name
 		/// and the surface wall that the triangle belongs to. 
-		bool findPropertyId();
+		bool createPropertyId();
 
 		/// Initialize contact force to zero 
-		void zeroForce()
-		{
-			contactForceWall_.fill(zero3);
-		}
-
-
+		void zeroForce();
+		
 public:
 
 	/// Type info
@@ -95,8 +97,15 @@ public:
 		/// Construct from controlSystem and property, for reading from file
 		geometry(systemControl& control, const property& prop);
 
+		geometry(systemControl& control, 
+			const property& prop,
+			multiTriSurface& surf,
+			const wordVector& motionCompName,
+			const wordVector& materialName,
+			const dictionary& motionDict);
+
 		/// Construct from components
-		geometry(systemControl& control,
+		/*geometry(systemControl& control,
 				 const property& prop,
 				 const multiTriSurface& triSurface,
 				 const wordVector& motionCompName,
@@ -110,10 +119,10 @@ public:
 				 const dictionary& dict,
 				 const multiTriSurface& triSurface,
 				 const wordVector& motionCompName,
-				 const wordVector& propName);
+				 const wordVector& propName);*/
 
 		/// Destructor
-		virtual ~geometry() = default;
+		~geometry()override = default;
 
 		/// Virtual constructor 
 		create_vCtor
@@ -132,156 +141,96 @@ public:
 		(
 			geometry,
 			dictionary,
-			(systemControl& control,
-			 const property& prop,
-			 const dictionary& dict,
-			 const multiTriSurface& triSurface,
-			 const wordVector& motionCompName,
-			 const wordVector& propName),
-			(control, prop, dict, triSurface, motionCompName, propName)
+			(
+				systemControl& control, 
+				const property& prop,
+				multiTriSurface& surf,
+				const wordVector& motionCompName,
+				const wordVector& materialName,
+				const dictionary& motionDic),
+			(control, prop, surf, motionCompName, materialName, motionDic)
 		);
 
-	//- Methods 
-
-		/// Size of tri-surface 
-		inline
-		auto size()const
+	//- Methods 	
+		inline 
+		const auto& motionComponentName()const
 		{
-			return triSurface_.size();
+			return motionComponentName_;
 		}
-
-		/// Number of points in the set of surface walls 
-		inline
-		auto numPoints()const
-		{
-			return triSurface_.numPoints();
-		}
-
-		/// Number of triangles in the set of surface walls 
-		inline
-		auto numTriangles()const
-		{
-			return size();
-		}
-
-		/// Access to the points
-		inline
-		const auto& points()const
-		{
-			return triSurface_.points();
-		}
-
-		/// Access to the vertices 
-		inline
-		const auto& vertices()const
-		{
-			return triSurface_.vertices();
-		}
-
-		/// Obtain an object for accessing triangles 
-		inline auto getTriangleAccessor()const
-		{
-			return triSurface_.getTriangleAccessor();
-		}
-
-		/// Surface 
-		inline auto& surface()
-		{
-			return triSurface_;
-		}
-
-		/// Surface 
-		inline const auto& surface()const
-		{
-			return triSurface_;
-		}
-
+		
 		/// Access to contact force
 		inline
-		realx3TriSurfaceField_D& contactForceWall()
+		auto& contactForceWall()
 		{
 			return contactForceWall_;
 		}
 
 		/// Access to contact force
 		inline
-		const realx3TriSurfaceField_D& contactForceWall() const
+		const auto& contactForceWall() const
 		{
 			return contactForceWall_;
 		}
 
+		/// Property ide of triangles 
+		inline
+		const auto& propertyId()const
+		{
+			return propertyId_;
+		}
+
 		/// Access to property 
 		inline const auto& wallProperty()const
 		{
 			return wallProperty_;
 		}
 
-		/// Owner repository
-		inline
-		const repository& owner()const
-		{
-			return geometryRepository_;
-		}
-
-		/// Owner repository
-		inline
-		repository& owner()
-		{
-			return geometryRepository_;
-		}
-
-		/// Path to the repository folder 
-		inline auto path()
-		{
-			return owner().path();
-		}
-
 		/// The name of motion model 
 		virtual 
 		word motionModelTypeName()const = 0;
 
 		/// Motion model index of triangles 
 		virtual
-		const int8Vector_HD& 			triMotionIndex() const =0;
+		const uint32Field_D& triMotionIndex() const =0;
 
 		/// Motion model index of points 
 		virtual 
-		const int8Vector_HD& 			pointMotionIndex()const = 0;
+		const uint32Field_D& pointMotionIndex()const = 0;
 
-		/// Property ide of triangles 
-		const int8TriSurfaceField_D& 	propertyId() const
-		{
-			return propertyId_;
-		}
-
-		/// Operations before each iteration 
+		
 		bool beforeIteration() override;
-
-		/// Operations after each iteration
+		
+		/// This is called in time loop. Perform the main calculations 
+		/// when the component should evolve along time.
+		bool iterate() override;
+		
+		/// This is called in time loop, after iterate.
 		bool afterIteration() override;
-
+		
 	//- IO
 
+		bool read(iIstream& is, const IOPattern& iop) override;
+
 		/// write 
-		bool write()const
-		{
-			return owner().write();
-		}
+		bool write( iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop )const override;
+		
 
 
 	//- Static members 
 
 		static
-		uniquePtr<geometry> create(systemControl& control, const property& prop);
+		uniquePtr<geometry> create(
+			systemControl& control, 
+			const property& prop);
 
 		static
 		uniquePtr<geometry> create(
-				systemControl& control,
-				const property& prop,
-				const dictionary& dict,
-				const multiTriSurface& triSurface,
-				const wordVector& motionCompName,
-				const wordVector& propName);
+			systemControl& control, 
+			const property& prop,
+			multiTriSurface& surf,
+			const wordVector& motionCompName,
+			const wordVector& materialName,
+			const dictionary& motionDic);
 
 };
 
diff --git a/src/Geometry/geometryMotion/geometryMotion.cpp b/src/Geometry/geometryMotion/geometryMotion.cpp
index ece859df..22124c47 100644
--- a/src/Geometry/geometryMotion/geometryMotion.cpp
+++ b/src/Geometry/geometryMotion/geometryMotion.cpp
@@ -21,41 +21,116 @@ Licence:
 template<typename MotionModel>
 bool pFlow::geometryMotion<MotionModel>::findMotionIndex()
 {
-	motionIndex_.clear();
-	triMotionIndex_.reserve( this->surface().capacity() );
-	triMotionIndex_.clear();
-
-	ForAll( surfI, motionComponentName_)
+	
+	if(motionComponentName().size() != numSurfaces() )
 	{
-		auto mName = motionComponentName_[surfI];
-		auto mInd = motionModel_.nameToIndex(mName);
-		motionIndex_.push_back(mInd);
-		// fill motionIndex for triangles of the surface
-		int32 surfSize = this->surface().surfNumTriangles(surfI);
-		for(int32 i=0; i<surfSize; i++)
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"size of motion component names in the triSurface is not"<<
+		" equal to size of number of sub-surfaces"<<endl;
+		 return false;
+	}
+
+	uint32Vector surfMotionIndex("surfMotionIndex");
+	uint32Vector triMotionIndex("triMotionIndex");
+	uint32Vector pointMotionIndex("pointMotionIndex");
+
+	ForAll( surfI, motionComponentName())
+	{
+		auto mName = motionComponentName()[surfI];
+		uint32 mInd=0;
+		
+		if( !motionModel_.nameToIndex(mName, mInd) )
 		{
-			triMotionIndex_.push_back(mInd);
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			mName<< " does not exist in the list of motion names -> "<<
+			motionModel_.componentNames();
+            return false;
+		}
+		surfMotionIndex.push_back(mInd);
+		
+		auto surfRange = subSurfaceRange(surfI);
+		
+		for(uint32 i=0; i<surfRange.numElements(); i++)
+		{
+			triMotionIndex.push_back(mInd);
+		}
+
+		auto pointRange = subSurfacePointRange(surfI);
+		for(uint32 n=0; n<pointRange.numElements(); n++)
+		{
+			pointMotionIndex.push_back(mInd);
 		}
 	}
-	motionIndex_.syncViews();
-	triMotionIndex_.syncViews();
-
-	pointMotionIndex_.reserve(triSurface_.numPoints());
-	pointMotionIndex_.clear();
-
-	ForAll(surfI, motionIndex_)
-	{
-		auto nP = triSurface_.surfNumPoints(surfI);
-		for(int32 i=0; i<nP; i++)
-		{
-			pointMotionIndex_.push_back(motionIndex_[surfI]);
-		}
-	}
-	pointMotionIndex_.syncViews();
+	
+	surfMotionIndex_.assign(surfMotionIndex);
+	triMotionIndex_.assign(triMotionIndex);
+	pointMotionIndex_.assign(pointMotionIndex);
 
 	return true;
 }
 
+namespace pFlow::GMotion
+{
+    template<typename ModelInterface>
+    void moveGeometry(
+        real dt,
+        uint32 nPoints,
+        const ModelInterface& mModel,
+        const deviceViewType1D<uint32>& pointMIndexD,
+        const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& pointsD
+    )
+    {
+        Kokkos::parallel_for(
+         "geometryMotion<MotionModel>::movePoints",
+         deviceRPolicyStatic(0, nPoints),
+         LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){
+             auto newPos = mModel.transferPoint(pointMIndexD[i], pointsD[i], dt);
+             pointsD[i] = newPos;
+         });
+
+        Kokkos::fence();
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename MotionModel>
+ bool pFlow::geometryMotion<MotionModel>::moveGeometry()
+ {
+
+    uint32 iter = this->currentIter();
+    real t = this->currentTime();
+    real dt = this->dt();
+        
+    auto mModel = motionModel_.getModelInterface(iter, t, dt);
+    
+    auto& pointMIndexD= pointMotionIndex_.deviceViewAll();
+    auto& pointsD = points().deviceViewAll();
+    
+    pFlow::GMotion::moveGeometry(
+        dt, 
+        numPoints(), 
+        motionModel_.getModelInterface(iter, t, dt),
+        pointMotionIndex_.deviceViewAll(),
+        points().deviceViewAll()
+    );
+
+    /*Kokkos::parallel_for(
+         "geometryMotion<MotionModel>::movePoints",
+         deviceRPolicyStatic(0, numPoints()),
+         LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){
+             auto newPos = mModel.transferPoint(pointMIndexD[i], pointsD[i], dt);
+             pointsD[i] = newPos;
+         });
+
+    Kokkos::fence();*/
+
+    // move the motion components
+    motionModel_.move(iter, t,dt);
+
+    // end of calculations
+     
+
+     return true;
+ }
 
 template<typename MotionModel>
 pFlow::geometryMotion<MotionModel>::geometryMotion
@@ -65,144 +140,75 @@ pFlow::geometryMotion<MotionModel>::geometryMotion
 )
 :
 	geometry(control, prop),
-	motionModel_(
-		this->owner().template emplaceObject<MotionModel>(
-			objectFile(
-				motionModelFile__,
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
-				)
-			)
+	motionModel_
+	(
+		objectFile
+		(
+			motionModelFile__,
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
+			objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
 		),
+		owner()
+	),
 	moveGeomTimer_("move geometry", &this->timers())
 {
-	findMotionIndex();
-}
-
-template<typename MotionModel>
-pFlow::geometryMotion<MotionModel>::geometryMotion
-(
-	systemControl& control,
-	const property& prop,
-	const multiTriSurface& triSurface,
-	const wordVector& motionCompName,
-	const wordVector& propName,
-	const MotionModel& motionModel
-)
-:
-	geometry(
-		control,
-		prop,
-		triSurface,
-		motionCompName,
-		propName
-		),
-	motionModel_(
-		this->owner().template emplaceObject<MotionModel>(
-			objectFile(
-				motionModelFile__,
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_NEVER,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
-				),
-			motionModel
-			)
-		),
-	moveGeomTimer_("move geometry", &this->timers())
-{
-	findMotionIndex();
-}
-
-template<typename MotionModel>
-pFlow::geometryMotion<MotionModel>::geometryMotion
-(
-	systemControl& control,
-	const property& prop,
-	const dictionary& dict,
-	const multiTriSurface& triSurface,
-	const wordVector& motionCompName,
-	const wordVector& propName
-)
-:
-	geometry(
-		control,
-		prop,
-		dict,
-		triSurface,
-		motionCompName,
-		propName
-		),
-	motionModel_(
-		this->owner().template emplaceObject<MotionModel>(
-			objectFile(
-				motionModelFile__,
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_NEVER,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
-				),
-			dict
-			)
-		),
-	moveGeomTimer_("move geometry", &this->timers())
-{
-	findMotionIndex();
-}
-
-template<typename MotionModel>
-bool pFlow::geometryMotion<MotionModel>::beforeIteration() 
-{ 
-	geometry::beforeIteration();
-	return true;
-}
-
-template<typename MotionModel>
-bool pFlow::geometryMotion<MotionModel>::iterate()
-{
-	if( motionModel_.isMoving() )
+	if(!findMotionIndex())
 	{
-		moveGeomTimer_.start();
-		moveGeometry();
-		moveGeomTimer_.end();
+		fatalExit;
 	}
-	return true;
 }
 
-template<typename MotionModel>
-bool pFlow::geometryMotion<MotionModel>::afterIteration() 
+template <typename MotionModelType>
+pFlow::geometryMotion<MotionModelType>::geometryMotion
+(
+	systemControl &control, 
+	const property &prop, 
+	multiTriSurface &surf, 
+	const wordVector &motionCompName, 
+	const wordVector &materialName, 
+	const dictionary &motionDict
+)
+:
+	geometry
+	(
+		control, 
+		prop, 
+		surf, 
+		motionCompName, 
+		materialName,
+        motionDict
+	),
+	motionModel_
+	(
+		objectFile
+		(
+			motionModelFile__,
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+			objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
+		),
+		motionDict,
+		owner()
+	),
+	moveGeomTimer_("move geometry", &this->timers())
 {
-	geometry::afterIteration();
-	return true;
-}
-
-template<typename MotionModel>
-bool pFlow::geometryMotion<MotionModel>::moveGeometry()
-{
-
-	real dt = this->dt();
-	real t = this->currentTime();
-
-	auto pointMIndex= pointMotionIndex_.deviceVector();
-	auto mModel = motionModel_.getModel(t);
-	realx3* points = triSurface_.pointsData_D();
-	auto numPoints = triSurface_.numPoints();
+	if(!findMotionIndex())
+	{
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+} 
 
 
-	Kokkos::parallel_for(
-		"geometryMotion<MotionModel>::movePoints",
-		numPoints,
-		LAMBDA_HD(int32 i){
-			auto newPos = mModel.transferPoint(pointMIndex[i], points[i], dt);
-			points[i] = newPos;
-		});
-
-	Kokkos::fence();
-
-	// move the motion components 
-	motionModel_.move(t,dt);
-
-	// end of calculations 
-	moveGeomTimer_.end();
-
-	return true;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+ template<typename MotionModel>
+ bool pFlow::geometryMotion<MotionModel>::iterate()
+ {
+     if( motionModel_.isMoving() )
+     {
+        moveGeomTimer_.start();
+          moveGeometry();
+          this->calculateNormals();
+        moveGeomTimer_.end();
+     }
+     return true;
+ }
diff --git a/src/Geometry/geometryMotion/geometryMotion.hpp b/src/Geometry/geometryMotion/geometryMotion.hpp
index cf47c613..157c05e0 100644
--- a/src/Geometry/geometryMotion/geometryMotion.hpp
+++ b/src/Geometry/geometryMotion/geometryMotion.hpp
@@ -20,9 +20,8 @@ Licence:
 #ifndef __geometryMotion_hpp__
 #define __geometryMotion_hpp__
 
-
+#include "vocabs.hpp"
 #include "geometry.hpp"
-#include "VectorDuals.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
@@ -39,21 +38,23 @@ class	geometryMotion
 {
 public:
 	
-	using MotionModel = MotionModelType;
+	using MotionModel 	 = MotionModelType;
 
-protected: 
+	using ModelComponent = typename MotionModelType::ModelComponent;
+
+private: 
 	
 	/// Ref to motion model 
-	MotionModel& 		motionModel_;
+	MotionModelType 	motionModel_;
 	
 	/// motion indext mapped on each surface 
-	int32Vector_HD  	motionIndex_;
+	uint32Field_D  		surfMotionIndex_{"triMotionIndex"};
 
 	/// motion index mapped on each triangle 
-	int8Vector_HD 		triMotionIndex_; 
+	uint32Field_D 		triMotionIndex_ {"surfMotionIndex"}; 
 
 	/// motion index mapped on each point 
-	int8Vector_HD		pointMotionIndex_;
+	uint32Field_D		pointMotionIndex_{"pointMotionIndex"};
 
 	/// timer for moveGeometry
 	Timer 				moveGeomTimer_;			
@@ -61,32 +62,25 @@ protected:
 	/// determine the motion index of each triangle 
 	bool findMotionIndex();
 	
+	/// Move geometry 
+	bool moveGeometry();
+
 public:
 
 	/// Type info
-	TypeInfoTemplate("geometry", MotionModel);
+	TypeInfoTemplate11("geometry", ModelComponent);
 
 	// - Constructors
 		
 		geometryMotion(systemControl& control, const property& prop);
 
-		
 		geometryMotion(
-			systemControl& control,
+			systemControl& control, 
 			const property& prop,
-			const multiTriSurface& triSurface,
+			multiTriSurface& surf,
 			const wordVector& motionCompName,
-			const wordVector& propName,
-			const MotionModel& motionModel);
-
-		/// Construct from components and dictionary that contains 
-		/// motionModel
-		geometryMotion(systemControl& control,
-				 const property& prop,
-				 const dictionary& dict,
-				 const multiTriSurface& triSurface,
-				 const wordVector& motionCompName,
-				 const wordVector& propName);
+			const wordVector& materialName,
+			const dictionary& motionDict);
 
 		/// Add virtual constructor 
 		add_vCtor
@@ -107,9 +101,9 @@ public:
 	// - Methods
 
 		/// Obtain motion model at time t 
-		auto getModel(real t)const
+		auto getModel(uint32 iter, real t, real dt)const
 		{
-			return motionModel_.getModel(t);
+			return motionModel_.getModelInterface(iter, t, dt);
 		}
 
 		/// TypeName / TypeInfo of motion model 
@@ -119,28 +113,21 @@ public:
 		}
 
 		/// Access to motion model index of triangles 
-		const int8Vector_HD& triMotionIndex()const override
+		const uint32Field_D& triMotionIndex()const override
 		{
 			return triMotionIndex_;
 		}
 
 		/// Access to motion model index of points 
-		const int8Vector_HD& pointMotionIndex()const override
+		const uint32Field_D& pointMotionIndex()const override
 		{
 			return pointMotionIndex_;
 		}
 
-		/// Operations before each iteration 
-		bool beforeIteration() override;
-
 		/// Iterate geometry one time step  
 		bool iterate() override ;
 
-		/// Operations after each iteration 
-		bool afterIteration() override;
-
-		/// Move geometry 
-		bool moveGeometry();
+		
 
 };
 
@@ -148,9 +135,6 @@ public:
 
 #include "geometryMotion.cpp"
 
-#ifndef BUILD_SHARED_LIBS
-	#include "geometryMotionsInstantiate.cpp"
-#endif
 
 
 #endif  //__geometryMotion_hpp__
diff --git a/src/Geometry/geometryMotion/geometryMotions.cpp b/src/Geometry/geometryMotion/geometryMotions.cpp
index 4eaa179a..6cdb4a3b 100644
--- a/src/Geometry/geometryMotion/geometryMotions.cpp
+++ b/src/Geometry/geometryMotion/geometryMotions.cpp
@@ -17,9 +17,15 @@ Licence:
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
 #include "geometryMotions.hpp"
 
-#ifdef BUILD_SHARED_LIBS
-#include "geometryMotionsInstantiate.cpp"
-#endif
+
+template class pFlow::geometryMotion<pFlow::vibratingMotion>;
+
+template class pFlow::geometryMotion<pFlow::rotatingAxisMotion>;
+
+template class pFlow::geometryMotion<pFlow::stationaryWall>;
+
+template class pFlow::geometryMotion<pFlow::conveyorBeltMotion>;
+
+//template class pFlow::geometryMotion<pFlow::multiRotatingAxisMotion>;
diff --git a/src/Geometry/geometryMotion/geometryMotions.hpp b/src/Geometry/geometryMotion/geometryMotions.hpp
index cd636ae6..3b0a2867 100644
--- a/src/Geometry/geometryMotion/geometryMotions.hpp
+++ b/src/Geometry/geometryMotion/geometryMotions.hpp
@@ -22,22 +22,26 @@ Licence:
 #define __geometryMotions_hpp__
 
 #include "geometryMotion.hpp"
-#include "fixedWall.hpp"
+#include "stationaryWall.hpp"
 #include "rotatingAxisMotion.hpp"
-#include "multiRotatingAxisMotion.hpp"
+#include "conveyorBeltMotion.hpp"
+//#include "multiRotatingAxisMotion.hpp"
 #include "vibratingMotion.hpp"
 
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-typedef geometryMotion<vibratingMotion> vibratingMotionGeometry;
+using vibratingMotionGeometry = geometryMotion<vibratingMotion>;
 
-typedef geometryMotion<rotatingAxisMotion> rotationAxisMotionGeometry;
+using rotationAxisMotionGeometry = geometryMotion<rotatingAxisMotion>;
 
-typedef geometryMotion<multiRotatingAxisMotion> multiRotationAxisMotionGeometry;
+using stationaryGeometry = geometryMotion<stationaryWall>;
+
+using conveyorBeltMotionGeometry = geometryMotion<conveyorBeltMotion>;
+
+//typedef geometryMotion<multiRotatingAxisMotion> multiRotationAxisMotionGeometry;
 
-typedef geometryMotion<fixedWall> fixedGeometry;
 
 
 
diff --git a/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth2/AB2Kernels.hpp b/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth2/AB2Kernels.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..578cf07e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth2/AB2Kernels.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+
+
+#ifndef __AB2Kernels_hpp__
+#define __AB2Kernels_hpp__
+
+#include "KokkosTypes.hpp"
+#include "types.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow::AB2Kernels
+{
+inline
+bool intAllActive(
+    const word& name,
+	real dt, 
+    rangeU32 activeRng,
+	const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& y, 
+	const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& dy,
+	const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& dy1
+)
+{
+	Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		name,
+		deviceRPolicyStatic (activeRng.start(), activeRng.end()),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){
+			y[i] +=  dt*(static_cast<real>(1.5) * dy[i] - static_cast<real>(0.5) * dy1[i]);
+			dy1[i] = dy[i];
+		});
+	Kokkos::fence();
+
+	return true;	
+}
+
+inline
+bool intScattered
+(
+	const word& name,
+	real dt, 
+    const pFlagTypeDevice& activePoints,
+	const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& y, 
+	const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& dy,
+	const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& dy1
+)
+{
+
+	Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		name,
+		deviceRPolicyStatic (activePoints.activeRange().start(), activePoints.activeRange().end()),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){
+			if( activePoints(i))
+			{
+				y[i] +=  dt*(static_cast<real>(1.5) * dy[i] - static_cast<real>(0.5) * dy1[i]);
+				dy1[i] = dy[i];
+			}
+		});
+	Kokkos::fence();
+
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth2/AdamsBashforth2.cpp b/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth2/AdamsBashforth2.cpp
index 09a4eaa0..7969b184 100644
--- a/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth2/AdamsBashforth2.cpp
+++ b/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth2/AdamsBashforth2.cpp
@@ -19,61 +19,171 @@ Licence:
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #include "AdamsBashforth2.hpp"
+#include "pointStructure.hpp"
+#include "Time.hpp"
+#include "vocabs.hpp"
 
-//const real AB2_coef[] = { 3.0 / 2.0, 1.0 / 2.0};
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+/// Range policy for integration kernel (alias)
+using rpIntegration = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
+		DefaultExecutionSpace,
+		Kokkos::Schedule<Kokkos::Static>,
+		Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>
+		>;
+
+bool intAllActive(
+	real dt, 
+	realx3Field_D& y, 
+	realx3PointField_D& dy,
+	realx3PointField_D& dy1)
+{
+
+	auto d_dy = dy.deviceView();
+	auto d_y  = y.deviceView();
+	auto d_dy1= dy1.deviceView();
+	auto activeRng = dy1.activeRange();
+
+	Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		"AdamsBashforth2::correct",
+		rpIntegration (activeRng.start(), activeRng.end()),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){
+			d_y[i] +=  dt*(static_cast<real>(1.5) * d_dy[i] - static_cast<real>(0.5) * d_dy1[i]);
+			d_dy1[i] = d_dy[i];
+		});
+	Kokkos::fence();
+
+	return true;	
+}
+
+bool intScattered
+(
+	real dt, 
+	realx3Field_D& y,
+	realx3PointField_D& dy,
+	realx3PointField_D& dy1
+)
+{
+
+	auto d_dy 		= dy.deviceView();
+	auto d_y  		= y.deviceView();
+	auto d_dy1		= dy1.deviceView();
+	auto activeRng 	= dy1.activeRange();
+	const auto& activeP = dy1.activePointsMaskDevice();
+
+	Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		"AdamsBashforth2::correct",
+		rpIntegration (activeRng.start(), activeRng.end()),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){
+			if( activeP(i))
+			{
+				d_y[i] +=  dt*(static_cast<real>(1.5) * d_dy[i] - static_cast<real>(0.5) * d_dy1[i]);
+				d_dy1[i] = d_dy[i];
+			}
+		});
+	Kokkos::fence();
+
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+}
 
 pFlow::AdamsBashforth2::AdamsBashforth2
 (
 	const word& baseName,
-	repository& owner,
-	const pointStructure& pStruct,
-	const word& method
+	pointStructure& pStruct,
+	const word& method,
+	const realx3Field_D& initialValField
 )
 :
-	integration(baseName, owner, pStruct, method),
-	dy1_(
-		owner.emplaceObject<realx3PointField_D>(
-			objectFile(
-				groupNames(baseName,"dy1"),
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS),
-			pStruct,
-			zero3))
-{
+	integration(baseName, pStruct, method, initialValField),
+	realx3PointField_D
+	(
+		objectFile
+		(
+			groupNames(baseName,"dy1"),
+			pStruct.time().integrationFolder(),
+			objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+			objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
+		),
+		pStruct,
+		zero3,
+		zero3
+	),
+	boundaryList_(pStruct, method, *this)
+{}
 
+void pFlow::AdamsBashforth2::updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested()
+{
+	realx3PointField_D::updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested();
+}
+
+bool pFlow::AdamsBashforth2::predict(
+    real UNUSED(dt),
+    realx3PointField_D &UNUSED(y),
+    realx3PointField_D &UNUSED(dy))
+{
+	return true;
 }
 
 bool pFlow::AdamsBashforth2::predict
 (
-	real UNUSED(dt),
-	realx3Vector_D& UNUSED(y),
-	realx3Vector_D& UNUSED(dy)
+	real dt, 
+	realx3Field_D &y, 
+	realx3PointField_D &dy
 )
 {
-
-	return true;
+    return true;
 }
 
 bool pFlow::AdamsBashforth2::correct
 (
 	real dt,
-	realx3Vector_D& y,
-	realx3Vector_D& dy
+	realx3PointField_D& y,
+	realx3PointField_D& dy
 )
 {
-	if(this->pStruct().allActive())
+	auto& dy1l = dy1();
+	bool success = false;
+	if(dy1l.isAllActive())
 	{
-		return intAll(dt, y, dy, this->pStruct().activeRange());
+		success = intAllActive(dt, y.field(), dy, dy1l);
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		return intRange(dt, y, dy, this->pStruct().activePointsMaskD());
+		success = intScattered(dt, y.field(), dy, dy1l);
 	}
 
-	return true;
+	success = success && boundaryList_.correct(dt, y, dy);
+
+	return success;
+
 }
 
+bool pFlow::AdamsBashforth2::correctPStruct(
+	real dt, 
+	pointStructure &pStruct, 
+	realx3PointField_D &vel)
+{
+	auto& dy1l = dy1();
+	bool success = false;
+	if(dy1l.isAllActive())
+	{
+		success = intAllActive(dt, pStruct.pointPosition(), vel, dy1l);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		success = intScattered(dt, pStruct.pointPosition(), vel, dy1l);
+	}
+
+	success = success && boundaryList_.correctPStruct(dt, pStruct, vel);
+
+	return success;
+}
+
+
 bool pFlow::AdamsBashforth2::setInitialVals(
 	const int32IndexContainer& newIndices,
 	const realx3Vector& y)
@@ -81,25 +191,3 @@ bool pFlow::AdamsBashforth2::setInitialVals(
 	return true;
 }
 
-bool pFlow::AdamsBashforth2::intAll(
-	real dt, 
-	realx3Vector_D& y, 
-	realx3Vector_D& dy, 
-	range activeRng)
-{
-
-	auto d_dy = dy.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y  = y.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy1= dy1_.deviceVectorAll();
-
-	Kokkos::parallel_for(
-		"AdamsBashforth2::correct",
-		rpIntegration (activeRng.first, activeRng.second),
-		LAMBDA_HD(int32 i){
-			d_y[i] +=  dt*(static_cast<real>(3.0 / 2.0) * d_dy[i] - static_cast<real>(1.0 / 2.0) * d_dy1[i]);
-			d_dy1[i] = d_dy[i];
-		});
-	Kokkos::fence();
-
-	return true;	
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth2/AdamsBashforth2.hpp b/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth2/AdamsBashforth2.hpp
index 6e2a8892..e8abc026 100644
--- a/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth2/AdamsBashforth2.hpp
+++ b/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth2/AdamsBashforth2.hpp
@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ Licence:
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
 #ifndef __AdamsBashforth2_hpp__
 #define __AdamsBashforth2_hpp__
 
 
 #include "integration.hpp"
 #include "pointFields.hpp"
+#include "boundaryIntegrationList.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
@@ -36,41 +36,41 @@ namespace pFlow
  */
 class AdamsBashforth2
 :
-	public integration
+	public integration,
+	public realx3PointField_D
 {
-protected:
+private:
 
-	/// dy at t-dt
-	realx3PointField_D& dy1_;
+	boundaryIntegrationList boundaryList_;
 
-	/// Range policy for integration kernel (alias)
-	using rpIntegration = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
-			DefaultExecutionSpace,
-			Kokkos::Schedule<Kokkos::Static>,
-			Kokkos::IndexType<int32>
-			>;
+	friend class processorAB2BoundaryIntegration;
 
+	const auto& dy1()const
+	{
+		return static_cast<const realx3PointField_D&>(*this);
+	}
+
+	auto& dy1()
+	{
+		return static_cast<realx3PointField_D&>(*this);
+	}
+	
 public:
 
-	/// Type info
-	TypeInfo("AdamsBashforth2");
+	/// Class info
+	ClassInfo("AdamsBashforth2");
 
 	// - Constructors
 
 		/// Construct from components
 		AdamsBashforth2(
 			const word& baseName,
-			repository& owner,
-			const pointStructure& pStruct,
-			const word& method);
-
-		uniquePtr<integration> clone()const override
-		{
-			return makeUnique<AdamsBashforth2>(*this);
-		}
+			pointStructure& pStruct,
+			const word& method,
+			const realx3Field_D& initialValField);
 
 		/// Destructor 
-		virtual ~AdamsBashforth2()=default;
+		~AdamsBashforth2()final = default;
 
 		/// Add this to the virtual constructor table 
 		add_vCtor(
@@ -81,70 +81,55 @@ public:
 
 	// - Methods
 
+		void updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested()override;
+
+		/// return integration method 
+		word method()const override
+		{
+			return "AdamsBashforth2";
+		}
+
 		bool predict(
 			real UNUSED(dt), 
-			realx3Vector_D& UNUSED(y), 
-			realx3Vector_D& UNUSED(dy)) override;
+			realx3PointField_D& UNUSED(y), 
+			realx3PointField_D& UNUSED(dy)) final;
+		
+		bool predict(
+			real dt, 
+			realx3Field_D& y, 
+			realx3PointField_D& dy) final;
 
 		bool correct(
 			real dt, 
-			realx3Vector_D& y, 
-			realx3Vector_D& dy) override;
+			realx3PointField_D& y, 
+			realx3PointField_D& dy) final;
+
+		bool correctPStruct(
+			real dt, 
+			pointStructure& pStruct, 
+			realx3PointField_D& vel) final;
+			
+		
+		/*bool hearChanges
+		(
+			real t,
+			real dt,
+			uint32 iter,
+			const message& msg, 
+			const anyList& varList
+		) override;*/
 
 		bool setInitialVals(
 			const int32IndexContainer& newIndices,
-			const realx3Vector& y) override;
+			const realx3Vector& y) final;
 
-		bool needSetInitialVals()const override
+		bool needSetInitialVals()const final
 		{
 			return false;
 		}
-		
-		/// Integrate on all points in the active range 
-		bool intAll(
-			real dt, 
-			realx3Vector_D& y, 
-			realx3Vector_D& dy, 
-			range activeRng);
-
-		/// Integrate on active points in the active range 
-		template<typename activeFunctor>
-		bool intRange(
-			real dt, 
-			realx3Vector_D& y, 
-			realx3Vector_D& dy, 
-			activeFunctor activeP );
 
 };
 
-template<typename activeFunctor>
-bool pFlow::AdamsBashforth2::intRange(
-	real dt, 
-	realx3Vector_D& y,
-	realx3Vector_D& dy,
-	activeFunctor activeP )
-{
-
-	auto d_dy = dy.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y  = y.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy1= dy1_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto activeRng = activeP.activeRange();
-
-	Kokkos::parallel_for(
-		"AdamsBashforth2::correct",
-		rpIntegration (activeRng.first, activeRng.second),
-		LAMBDA_HD(int32 i){
-			if( activeP(i))
-			{
-				d_y[i] +=  dt*(static_cast<real>(3.0 / 2.0) * d_dy[i] - static_cast<real>(1.0 / 2.0) * d_dy1[i]);
-				d_dy1[i] = d_dy[i];
-			}
-		});
-	Kokkos::fence();
-
-
-	return true;
-}
 
 } // pFlow
 
diff --git a/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth3/AdamsBashforth3.cpp b/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth3/AdamsBashforth3.cpp
index 040a9e40..f8ec6b5a 100644
--- a/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth3/AdamsBashforth3.cpp
+++ b/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth3/AdamsBashforth3.cpp
@@ -89,9 +89,9 @@ bool pFlow::AdamsBashforth3::intAll(
 	realx3Vector_D& dy, 
 	range activeRng)
 {
-	auto d_dy = dy.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y  = y.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_history = history_.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_dy = dy.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y  = y.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_history = history_.deviceViewAll();
 
 	Kokkos::parallel_for(
 		"AdamsBashforth3::correct",
diff --git a/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth3/AdamsBashforth3.hpp b/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth3/AdamsBashforth3.hpp
index 6bd47b11..279fdcda 100644
--- a/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth3/AdamsBashforth3.hpp
+++ b/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth3/AdamsBashforth3.hpp
@@ -160,9 +160,9 @@ bool pFlow::AdamsBashforth3::intRange(
 	realx3Vector_D& dy,
 	activeFunctor activeP )
 {
-	auto d_dy = dy.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y  = y.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_history = history_.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_dy = dy.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y  = y.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_history = history_.deviceViewAll();
 	auto activeRng = activeP.activeRange();
 
 	Kokkos::parallel_for(
diff --git a/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth4/AdamsBashforth4.cpp b/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth4/AdamsBashforth4.cpp
index 547de93f..23bad29b 100644
--- a/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth4/AdamsBashforth4.cpp
+++ b/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth4/AdamsBashforth4.cpp
@@ -89,9 +89,9 @@ bool pFlow::AdamsBashforth4::intAll(
 	realx3Vector_D& dy, 
 	range activeRng)
 {
-	auto d_dy = dy.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y  = y.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_history = history_.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_dy = dy.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y  = y.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_history = history_.deviceViewAll();
 
 	Kokkos::parallel_for(
 		"AdamsBashforth4::correct",
diff --git a/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth4/AdamsBashforth4.hpp b/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth4/AdamsBashforth4.hpp
index 4f4a2914..cf1f50d8 100644
--- a/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth4/AdamsBashforth4.hpp
+++ b/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth4/AdamsBashforth4.hpp
@@ -165,9 +165,9 @@ bool pFlow::AdamsBashforth4::intRange(
 	realx3Vector_D& dy,
 	activeFunctor activeP )
 {
-	auto d_dy = dy.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y  = y.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_history = history_.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_dy = dy.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y  = y.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_history = history_.deviceViewAll();
 	auto activeRng = activeP.activeRange();
 
 	Kokkos::parallel_for(
diff --git a/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth5/AdamsBashforth5.cpp b/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth5/AdamsBashforth5.cpp
index 580f0c06..7b87a4a3 100644
--- a/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth5/AdamsBashforth5.cpp
+++ b/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth5/AdamsBashforth5.cpp
@@ -89,9 +89,9 @@ bool pFlow::AdamsBashforth5::intAll(
 	realx3Vector_D& dy, 
 	range activeRng)
 {
-	auto d_dy = dy.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y  = y.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_history = history_.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_dy = dy.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y  = y.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_history = history_.deviceViewAll();
 
 	Kokkos::parallel_for(
 		"AdamsBashforth5::correct",
diff --git a/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth5/AdamsBashforth5.hpp b/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth5/AdamsBashforth5.hpp
index 99261588..16b55927 100644
--- a/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth5/AdamsBashforth5.hpp
+++ b/src/Integration/AdamsBashforth5/AdamsBashforth5.hpp
@@ -165,9 +165,9 @@ bool pFlow::AdamsBashforth5::intRange(
 	realx3Vector_D& dy,
 	activeFunctor activeP )
 {
-	auto d_dy = dy.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y  = y.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_history = history_.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_dy = dy.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y  = y.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_history = history_.deviceViewAll();
 	auto activeRng = activeP.activeRange();
 
 	Kokkos::parallel_for(
diff --git a/src/Integration/AdamsMoulton3/AdamsMoulton3.cpp b/src/Integration/AdamsMoulton3/AdamsMoulton3.cpp
index cb819c7c..4fb030bf 100644
--- a/src/Integration/AdamsMoulton3/AdamsMoulton3.cpp
+++ b/src/Integration/AdamsMoulton3/AdamsMoulton3.cpp
@@ -124,11 +124,11 @@ bool pFlow::AdamsMoulton3::predictAll(
 	range activeRng)
 {
 
-	auto d_dy = dy.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y  = y.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y0 = y0_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy0 = dy0_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy1= dy1_.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_dy = dy.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y  = y.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y0 = y0_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy0 = dy0_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy1= dy1_.deviceViewAll();
 
 	Kokkos::parallel_for(
 		"AdamsMoulton3::predict",
@@ -150,12 +150,12 @@ bool pFlow::AdamsMoulton3::intAll(
 	range activeRng)
 {
 
-	auto d_dy = dy.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y  = y.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_dy = dy.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y  = y.deviceViewAll();
 
-	auto d_dy0 = dy0_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y0  = y0_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy1 = dy1_.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_dy0 = dy0_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y0  = y0_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy1 = dy1_.deviceViewAll();
 
 	Kokkos::parallel_for(
 		"AdamsMoulton3::correct",
diff --git a/src/Integration/AdamsMoulton3/AdamsMoulton3.hpp b/src/Integration/AdamsMoulton3/AdamsMoulton3.hpp
index 349d62b2..3193a819 100644
--- a/src/Integration/AdamsMoulton3/AdamsMoulton3.hpp
+++ b/src/Integration/AdamsMoulton3/AdamsMoulton3.hpp
@@ -144,11 +144,11 @@ bool AdamsMoulton3::predictRange(
 	realx3Vector_D& dy,
 	activeFunctor activeP)
 {
-	auto d_dy = dy.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y  = y.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y0 = y0_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy0 = dy0_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy1= dy1_.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_dy = dy.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y  = y.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y0 = y0_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy0 = dy0_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy1= dy1_.deviceViewAll();
 	
 	auto activeRng = activeP.activeRange();
 
@@ -182,12 +182,12 @@ bool pFlow::AdamsMoulton3::intRange(
 	activeFunctor activeP)
 {
 
-	auto d_dy = dy.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y  = y.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_dy = dy.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y  = y.deviceViewAll();
 
-	auto d_dy0 = dy0_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y0  = y0_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy1 = dy1_.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_dy0 = dy0_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y0  = y0_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy1 = dy1_.deviceViewAll();
 
 	auto activeRng = activeP.activeRange();
 
diff --git a/src/Integration/AdamsMoulton4/AdamsMoulton4.cpp b/src/Integration/AdamsMoulton4/AdamsMoulton4.cpp
index ec735ac8..3cdbbc8f 100644
--- a/src/Integration/AdamsMoulton4/AdamsMoulton4.cpp
+++ b/src/Integration/AdamsMoulton4/AdamsMoulton4.cpp
@@ -135,13 +135,13 @@ bool pFlow::AdamsMoulton4::predictAll(
 	range activeRng)
 {
 
-	auto d_dy  = dy.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y   = y.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_dy  = dy.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y   = y.deviceViewAll();
 
-	auto d_y0  = y0_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy0 = dy0_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy1 = dy1_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy2 = dy2_.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_y0  = y0_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy0 = dy0_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy1 = dy1_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy2 = dy2_.deviceViewAll();
 
 	Kokkos::parallel_for(
 		"AdamsMoulton4::predict",
@@ -165,13 +165,13 @@ bool pFlow::AdamsMoulton4::intAll(
 	range activeRng)
 {
 
-	auto d_dy = dy.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y  = y.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_dy = dy.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y  = y.deviceViewAll();
 
-	auto d_dy0 = dy0_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y0  = y0_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy1 = dy1_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy2 = dy2_.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_dy0 = dy0_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y0  = y0_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy1 = dy1_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy2 = dy2_.deviceViewAll();
 
 	Kokkos::parallel_for(
 		"AdamsMoulton4::correct",
diff --git a/src/Integration/AdamsMoulton4/AdamsMoulton4.hpp b/src/Integration/AdamsMoulton4/AdamsMoulton4.hpp
index c0da0f62..3950798a 100644
--- a/src/Integration/AdamsMoulton4/AdamsMoulton4.hpp
+++ b/src/Integration/AdamsMoulton4/AdamsMoulton4.hpp
@@ -147,13 +147,13 @@ bool AdamsMoulton4::predictRange(
 	realx3Vector_D& dy,
 	activeFunctor activeP )
 {
-	auto d_dy = dy.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y  = y.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_dy = dy.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y  = y.deviceViewAll();
 
-	auto d_y0 = y0_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy0 = dy0_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy1 = dy1_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy2 = dy2_.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_y0 = y0_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy0 = dy0_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy1 = dy1_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy2 = dy2_.deviceViewAll();
 	
 	auto activeRng = activeP.activeRange();
 
@@ -185,13 +185,13 @@ bool pFlow::AdamsMoulton4::intRange(
 	activeFunctor activeP )
 {
 
-	auto d_dy = dy.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y  = y.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_dy = dy.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y  = y.deviceViewAll();
 
-	auto d_dy0 = dy0_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y0  = y0_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy1 = dy1_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy2 = dy2_.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_dy0 = dy0_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y0  = y0_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy1 = dy1_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy2 = dy2_.deviceViewAll();
 
 	auto activeRng = activeP.activeRange();
 
diff --git a/src/Integration/AdamsMoulton5/AdamsMoulton5.cpp b/src/Integration/AdamsMoulton5/AdamsMoulton5.cpp
index c3f62f18..37629649 100644
--- a/src/Integration/AdamsMoulton5/AdamsMoulton5.cpp
+++ b/src/Integration/AdamsMoulton5/AdamsMoulton5.cpp
@@ -145,14 +145,14 @@ bool pFlow::AdamsMoulton5::predictAll(
 	range activeRng)
 {
 
-	auto d_dy  = dy.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y   = y.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_dy  = dy.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y   = y.deviceViewAll();
 
-	auto d_y0  = y0_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy0 = dy0_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy1 = dy1_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy2 = dy2_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy3 = dy3_.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_y0  = y0_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy0 = dy0_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy1 = dy1_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy2 = dy2_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy3 = dy3_.deviceViewAll();
 
 	Kokkos::parallel_for(
 		"AdamsMoulton5::predict",
@@ -178,14 +178,14 @@ bool pFlow::AdamsMoulton5::intAll(
 	range activeRng)
 {
 
-	auto d_dy = dy.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y  = y.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_dy = dy.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y  = y.deviceViewAll();
 
-	auto d_dy0 = dy0_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y0  = y0_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy1 = dy1_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy2 = dy2_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy3 = dy3_.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_dy0 = dy0_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y0  = y0_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy1 = dy1_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy2 = dy2_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy3 = dy3_.deviceViewAll();
 
 	Kokkos::parallel_for(
 		"AdamsMoulton5::correct",
diff --git a/src/Integration/AdamsMoulton5/AdamsMoulton5.hpp b/src/Integration/AdamsMoulton5/AdamsMoulton5.hpp
index 2e381d4a..451ff81f 100644
--- a/src/Integration/AdamsMoulton5/AdamsMoulton5.hpp
+++ b/src/Integration/AdamsMoulton5/AdamsMoulton5.hpp
@@ -150,14 +150,14 @@ bool AdamsMoulton5::predictRange(
 	realx3Vector_D& dy,
 	activeFunctor activeP )
 {
-	auto d_dy = dy.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y  = y.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_dy = dy.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y  = y.deviceViewAll();
 
-	auto d_y0 = y0_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy0 = dy0_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy1 = dy1_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy2 = dy2_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy3 = dy3_.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_y0 = y0_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy0 = dy0_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy1 = dy1_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy2 = dy2_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy3 = dy3_.deviceViewAll();
 	
 	auto activeRng = activeP.activeRange();
 
@@ -189,14 +189,14 @@ bool pFlow::AdamsMoulton5::intRange(
 	activeFunctor activeP )
 {
 
-	auto d_dy = dy.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y  = y.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_dy = dy.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y  = y.deviceViewAll();
 
-	auto d_dy0 = dy0_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_y0  = y0_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy1 = dy1_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy2 = dy2_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto d_dy3 = dy3_.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto d_dy0 = dy0_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_y0  = y0_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy1 = dy1_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy2 = dy2_.deviceViewAll();
+	auto d_dy3 = dy3_.deviceViewAll();
 
 	auto activeRng = activeP.activeRange();
 
diff --git a/src/Integration/CMakeLists.txt b/src/Integration/CMakeLists.txt
index f3a03112..32c3c558 100644
--- a/src/Integration/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/Integration/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,15 +1,22 @@
 
 list(APPEND SourceFiles 
-integration/integration.cpp 
-AdamsBashforth5/AdamsBashforth5.cpp
-AdamsBashforth4/AdamsBashforth4.cpp
-AdamsBashforth3/AdamsBashforth3.cpp
+integration/integration.cpp
+boundaries/boundaryIntegration.cpp
+boundaries/boundaryIntegrationList.cpp 
 AdamsBashforth2/AdamsBashforth2.cpp
-AdamsMoulton3/AdamsMoulton3.cpp
-AdamsMoulton4/AdamsMoulton4.cpp
-AdamsMoulton5/AdamsMoulton5.cpp
+#AdamsBashforth5/AdamsBashforth5.cpp
+#AdamsBashforth4/AdamsBashforth4.cpp
+#AdamsBashforth3/AdamsBashforth3.cpp
+#AdamsMoulton3/AdamsMoulton3.cpp
+#AdamsMoulton4/AdamsMoulton4.cpp
+#AdamsMoulton5/AdamsMoulton5.cpp
 )
 
+if(pFlow_Build_MPI)
+ list(APPEND SourceFiles 
+ AdamsBashforth2/processorAB2BoundaryIntegration.cpp)
+endif()
+
 set(link_libs Kokkos::kokkos phasicFlow)
 
 pFlow_add_library_install(Integration SourceFiles link_libs)
diff --git a/src/Integration/boundaries/boundaryIntegration.cpp b/src/Integration/boundaries/boundaryIntegration.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e13a5624
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Integration/boundaries/boundaryIntegration.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#include "boundaryIntegration.hpp"
+#include "pointStructure.hpp"
+
+
+pFlow::boundaryIntegration::boundaryIntegration(
+    const boundaryBase &boundary, 
+    const pointStructure &pStruct,  
+    const word &method,
+    integration& intgrtn
+)
+:
+    generalBoundary(boundary, pStruct, "", method),
+    integration_(intgrtn)
+{}
+
+pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::boundaryIntegration> pFlow::boundaryIntegration::create(
+    const boundaryBase &boundary, 
+    const pointStructure &pStruct,  
+    const word &method,
+    integration& intgrtn
+)
+{
+
+    word bType = angleBracketsNames2( 
+		"boundaryIntegration",
+		boundary.type(),
+        method);
+
+	word altBType{"boundaryIntegration<none>"};
+
+	if( boundaryBasevCtorSelector_.search(bType) )
+	{
+		pOutput.space(4)<<"Creating boundary "<< Green_Text(bType)<<
+		" for "<<boundary.name()<<endl;
+		return boundaryBasevCtorSelector_[bType](boundary, pStruct, method, intgrtn);
+	}
+	else if(boundaryBasevCtorSelector_.search(altBType))
+	{
+		pOutput.space(4)<<"Creating boundary "<< Green_Text(altBType)<<
+		" for "<<boundary.name()<<endl;
+		return boundaryBasevCtorSelector_[altBType](boundary, pStruct, method, intgrtn);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		printKeys( 
+			fatalError << "Ctor Selector "<< bType<<
+			" and "<< altBType << " do not exist. \n"
+			<<"Avaiable ones are: \n",
+			boundaryBasevCtorSelector_
+		);
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+	
+	return nullptr;
+}
diff --git a/src/Integration/boundaries/boundaryIntegration.hpp b/src/Integration/boundaries/boundaryIntegration.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b3a20805
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Integration/boundaries/boundaryIntegration.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+
+#ifndef __boundaryIntegration_hpp__
+#define __boundaryIntegration_hpp__
+
+
+#include "generalBoundary.hpp"
+#include "virtualConstructor.hpp"
+#include "pointFields.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class integration;
+
+class boundaryIntegration
+:
+    public generalBoundary
+{
+private:
+
+	const integration& 		integration_;
+
+public:
+
+    TypeInfo("boundaryIntegration<none>");
+
+    boundaryIntegration(
+        const boundaryBase& boundary,
+        const pointStructure& pStruct, 
+        const word& method,
+        integration& intgrtn);
+
+    ~boundaryIntegration()override = default;
+
+    create_vCtor(
+        boundaryIntegration,
+        boundaryBase,
+        (
+            const boundaryBase& boundary,
+            const pointStructure& pStruct, 
+            const word& method,
+			integration& intgrtn
+        ),
+        (boundary, pStruct, method, intgrtn)
+    );
+    
+    add_vCtor(
+        boundaryIntegration,
+        boundaryIntegration,
+        boundaryBase
+    );
+
+    bool hearChanges(
+        real t,
+        real dt,
+        uint32 iter,
+        const message &msg,
+        const anyList &varList) override
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+	const integration& Integration()const
+	{
+		return integration_;
+	}
+
+	virtual
+	bool correct(real dt, const realx3PointField_D& y, const realx3PointField_D& dy)
+	{
+		return true;
+	}
+
+    virtual
+    bool correctPStruct(real dt, const realx3PointField_D& vel)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static
+    uniquePtr<boundaryIntegration> create(
+        const boundaryBase& boundary,
+        const pointStructure& pStruct, 
+        const word& method,
+		integration& intgrtn);
+
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Integration/boundaries/boundaryIntegrationList.cpp b/src/Integration/boundaries/boundaryIntegrationList.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9dfa1538
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Integration/boundaries/boundaryIntegrationList.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#include "boundaryIntegrationList.hpp"
+#include "integration.hpp"
+
+pFlow::boundaryIntegrationList::boundaryIntegrationList(
+    const pointStructure &pStruct, 
+    const word &method, 
+    integration &intgrtn
+)
+:
+    ListPtr<boundaryIntegration>(6),
+	boundaries_(pStruct.boundaries())
+{
+    
+    for(uint32 i=0; i<6; i++)
+	{
+		this->set(
+			i,
+			boundaryIntegration::create(
+				boundaries_[i],
+				pStruct, 
+				method,
+                intgrtn
+            )
+        );
+	}	
+
+}
+
+bool pFlow::boundaryIntegrationList::correct(real dt, realx3PointField_D &y, realx3PointField_D &dy)
+{
+	for(auto& bndry:*this)
+	{
+		if(!bndry->correct(dt, y, dy))
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<"Error in correcting boundary "<<
+			bndry->boundaryName()<<endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+		
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::boundaryIntegrationList::correctPStruct(
+	real dt, 
+	pointStructure &pStruct, 
+	const realx3PointField_D &vel)
+{
+	for(auto& bndry:*this)
+	{
+		if(!bndry->correctPStruct(dt, vel))
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<"Error in correcting boundary "<<
+			bndry->boundaryName()<<" in pointStructure."<<endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/Integration/boundaries/boundaryIntegrationList.hpp b/src/Integration/boundaries/boundaryIntegrationList.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b8194a32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Integration/boundaries/boundaryIntegrationList.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+
+#ifndef __boundaryIntegrationList_hpp__
+#define __boundaryIntegrationList_hpp__
+
+
+#include "boundaryList.hpp"
+#include "ListPtr.hpp"
+#include "boundaryIntegration.hpp"
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class integration;
+
+class boundaryIntegrationList
+:
+    public ListPtr<boundaryIntegration>
+{
+private:
+
+    const boundaryList&         boundaries_;
+
+public:
+
+    boundaryIntegrationList(
+        const pointStructure& pStruct, 
+        const word& method,
+		integration& intgrtn
+    );
+
+    ~boundaryIntegrationList()=default;
+
+    bool correct(
+		real dt, 
+		realx3PointField_D& y, 
+		realx3PointField_D& dy);
+
+    bool correctPStruct(
+        real dt, 
+        pointStructure& pStruct, 
+        const realx3PointField_D& vel);
+
+};
+
+
+
+}
+
+
+#endif //__boundaryIntegrationList_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Integration/integration/integration.cpp b/src/Integration/integration/integration.cpp
index 6e48ddaf..f3126e1e 100644
--- a/src/Integration/integration/integration.cpp
+++ b/src/Integration/integration/integration.cpp
@@ -19,33 +19,35 @@ Licence:
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #include "integration.hpp"
+#include "pointStructure.hpp"
+#include "repository.hpp"
 
 pFlow::integration::integration
 (
 	const word& baseName,
-	repository& owner,
-	const pointStructure& pStruct,
-	const word& method
+	pointStructure& pStruct,
+	const word&,
+	const realx3Field_D&
 )
 :
-	owner_(owner),
-	baseName_(baseName),
-	pStruct_(pStruct)
-{
-	CONSUME_PARAM(method);
-}
+	owner_(*pStruct.owner()),
+	pStruct_(pStruct),
+	baseName_(baseName)	
+{}
 
 
 pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::integration> 
-	pFlow::integration::create(
+	pFlow::integration::create
+(
 		const word& baseName,
-		repository& owner,
-		const pointStructure& pStruct,
-		const word& method)
+		pointStructure& pStruct,
+		const word& method,
+		const realx3Field_D& initialValField
+)
 {
 	if( wordvCtorSelector_.search(method) )
 	{
-		return wordvCtorSelector_[method] (baseName, owner, pStruct, method);
+		return wordvCtorSelector_[method] (baseName, pStruct, method, initialValField);
 	}
 	else
 	{
diff --git a/src/Integration/integration/integration.hpp b/src/Integration/integration/integration.hpp
index 3cca58c2..2c95813e 100644
--- a/src/Integration/integration/integration.hpp
+++ b/src/Integration/integration/integration.hpp
@@ -23,14 +23,16 @@ Licence:
 
 
 #include "virtualConstructor.hpp"
-#include "Vectors.hpp"
-#include "pointStructure.hpp"
-#include "repository.hpp"
+#include "pointFields.hpp"
 
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
+// - Forward
+class repository;
+class pointStructure;
+
 /**
  * Base class for integrating the first order ODE (IVP) 
  * 
@@ -48,19 +50,19 @@ namespace pFlow
  */
 class integration
 {
-protected:
+private:
 
 	// - Protected data members 
 
 		/// The owner repository that all fields are storred in
 		repository& owner_;
 
-		/// The base name for integration 
-		const word baseName_;
-
 		/// A reference to pointStructure
 		const pointStructure& pStruct_;
 
+		/// The base name for integration 
+		const word baseName_;
+
 public:
 
 	/// Type info
@@ -72,9 +74,9 @@ public:
 		/// Construct from components
 		integration(
 			const word& baseName,
-			repository& owner,
-			const pointStructure& pStruct,
-			const word& method);
+			pointStructure& pStruct,
+			const word& method,
+			const realx3Field_D& initialValField);
 
 		/// Copy constructor 
 		integration(const integration&) = default;
@@ -88,22 +90,22 @@ public:
 		/// Move assignment
 		integration& operator = (integration&&) = default;
 
-		/// Polymorphic copy/cloning
-		virtual 
-		uniquePtr<integration> clone()const=0;
-
 		/// Destructor 
 		virtual ~integration()=default;
 
 		/// Add a virtual constructor 
-		create_vCtor(
+		create_vCtor
+		(
 			integration,
 			word,
-			(const word& baseName,
-			repository& owner,
-			const pointStructure& pStruct,
-			const word& method),
-			(baseName, owner, pStruct, method) );
+			(
+				const word& baseName,
+				pointStructure& pStruct,
+				const word& method,
+				const realx3Field_D& initialValField
+			),
+			(baseName, pStruct, method, initialValField)
+		);
 
 
 	// - Methods
@@ -129,13 +131,25 @@ public:
 			return owner_;
 		}
 
+		virtual 
+		void updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested() = 0;
+		/// return integration method 
+		virtual 
+		word method()const = 0 ;
+
 		/// Prediction step in integration
 		virtual 
-		bool predict(real dt, realx3Vector_D& y, realx3Vector_D& dy) = 0;
+		bool predict(real dt, realx3PointField_D& y, realx3PointField_D& dy) = 0;
+
+		virtual 
+		bool predict(real dt, realx3Field_D& y, realx3PointField_D& dy) = 0;
 
 		/// Correction/main integration step
 		virtual 
-		bool correct(real dt, realx3Vector_D& y, realx3Vector_D& dy) = 0;
+		bool correct(real dt, realx3PointField_D& y, realx3PointField_D& dy) = 0;
+
+		virtual 
+		bool correctPStruct(real dt, pointStructure& pStruct, realx3PointField_D& vel) = 0;
 
 		/// Set the initial values for new indices 
 		virtual 
@@ -152,9 +166,9 @@ public:
 	static
 		uniquePtr<integration> create(
 			const word& baseName,
-			repository& owner,
-			const pointStructure& pStruct,
-			const word& method);
+			pointStructure& pStruct,
+			const word& method,
+			const realx3Field_D& initialValField);
 
 }; // integration
 
diff --git a/src/Interaction/CMakeLists.txt b/src/Interaction/CMakeLists.txt
index 25d43014..c75f8239 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/Interaction/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,11 +1,43 @@
 
 set(SourceFiles 
+contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/mapperNBS.cpp
+contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/mapperNBSKernels.cpp
+contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/NBSLevel0.cpp
+contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/NBS.cpp
+contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/cellsWallLevel0.cpp
+
+contactSearch/boundaries/boundaryContactSearch/boundaryContactSearch.cpp
+
+contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/ppwBndryContactSearchKernels.cpp
+contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/ppwBndryContactSearch.cpp
+contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/wallBoundaryContactSearch.cpp
+contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/periodicBoundaryContactSearch.cpp
+contactSearch/boundaries/boundaryContactSearchList.cpp
+
 contactSearch/contactSearch/contactSearch.cpp
 contactSearch/ContactSearch/ContactSearchs.cpp
+
 interaction/interaction.cpp
-sphereInteraction/sphereInteractions.cpp
+sphereInteraction/sphereInteractionsLinearModels.cpp
+sphereInteraction/sphereInteractionsNonLinearModels.cpp
+sphereInteraction/sphereInteractionsNonLinearModModels.cpp
+
+grainInteraction/grainInteractionsLinearModels.cpp
+grainInteraction/grainInteractionsNonLinearModels.cpp
+grainInteraction/grainInteractionsNonLinearModModels.cpp
+
+
 )
 
+if(pFlow_Build_MPI)
+    list(APPEND SourceFiles 
+    contactSearch/boundaries/processorBoundaryContactSearch/processorBoundaryContactSearch.cpp
+    sphereInteraction/boundaries/processorBoundarySphereInteraction/processorBoundarySphereInteractions.cpp
+    contactSearch/boundaries/twoPartContactSearch/twoPartContactSearchKernels.cpp
+    contactSearch/boundaries/twoPartContactSearch/twoPartContactSearch.cpp
+    )
+endif()
+
 set(link_libs Kokkos::kokkos phasicFlow Property Particles Geometry)
 
 pFlow_add_library_install(Interaction SourceFiles link_libs)
diff --git a/src/Interaction/Models/contactForce/cGAbsoluteLinearCF.hpp b/src/Interaction/Models/contactForce/cGAbsoluteLinearCF.hpp
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..25180208
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/Models/contactForce/cGAbsoluteLinearCF.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __cGAbsoluteLinearCF_hpp__
+#define __cGAbsoluteLinearCF_hpp__
+
+#include "types.hpp"
+#include "symArrays.hpp"
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+namespace pFlow::cfModels
+{
+
+template<bool limited=true>
+class cGAbsoluteLinear
+{
+public:
+
+	struct contactForceStorage
+	{
+		realx3 overlap_t_ = 0.0;
+	};
+	
+	
+	struct linearProperties
+	{		
+		real 	kn_ 	= 1000.0;
+		real 	kt_	= 800.0;
+		real 	en_ 	= 0.0;
+		real 	ethat_ 	= 0.0;
+		real    mu_ 	= 0.00001;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		linearProperties(){}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		linearProperties(real kn, real kt, real en, real etha_t, real mu ):
+			kn_(kn), kt_(kt), en_(en),ethat_(etha_t), mu_(mu) 
+		{}		
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		linearProperties(const linearProperties&)=default;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		linearProperties& operator=(const linearProperties&)=default;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		~linearProperties() = default;
+	};
+	
+	
+
+protected:
+
+	using LinearArrayType = symArray<linearProperties>;
+	
+	int32 					numMaterial_ = 0;
+
+	ViewType1D<real>  		 rho_;
+
+	LinearArrayType  	linearProperties_;
+	
+	int32 		addDissipationModel_;	
+	
+
+	bool readLinearDictionary(const dictionary& dict)
+	{
+	
+		
+		auto kn = dict.getVal<realVector>("kn");
+		auto kt = dict.getVal<realVector>("kt");
+		auto en = dict.getVal<realVector>("en");
+		auto et = dict.getVal<realVector>("et");
+		auto mu = dict.getVal<realVector>("mu");
+
+		auto nElem = kn.size();
+
+		if(nElem != kt.size())
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"sizes of kn("<<nElem<<") and kt("<<kt.size()<<") do not match.\n";
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if(nElem != kt.size())
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"sizes of kn("<<nElem<<") and kt("<<kt.size()<<") do not match.\n";
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if(nElem != en.size())
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"sizes of kn("<<nElem<<") and en("<<en.size()<<") do not match.\n";
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if(nElem != et.size())
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"sizes of kn("<<nElem<<") and et("<<et.size()<<") do not match.\n";
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if(nElem != mu.size())
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"sizes of kn("<<nElem<<") and mu("<<mu.size()<<") do not match.\n";
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		
+		// check if size of vector matchs a symetric array
+		uint32 nMat;
+		if( !LinearArrayType::getN(nElem, nMat) )
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"sizes of properties do not match a symetric array with size ("<<
+			numMaterial_<<"x"<<numMaterial_<<").\n";
+			return false;
+		}
+		else if( numMaterial_ != nMat)
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"size mismatch for porperties. \n"<<
+			"you supplied "<< numMaterial_<<" items in materials list and "<<
+			nMat << " for other properties.\n";
+			return false;
+		}
+
+
+		realVector etha_t("etha_t", nElem);
+
+		ForAll(i , kn)
+		{
+
+			etha_t[i] = -2.0*log( et[i])*sqrt(kt[i]*2/7) /
+					sqrt(log(pow(et[i],2.0))+ pow(Pi,2.0));
+		}
+
+		Vector<linearProperties> prop("prop", nElem);
+		ForAll(i,kn)
+		{
+			prop[i] = {kn[i], kt[i], en[i], etha_t[i], mu[i] };
+		}
+
+		linearProperties_.assign(prop);
+		
+		auto adm = dict.getVal<word>("additionalDissipationModel");
+
+		
+		if(adm == "none")
+		{
+			addDissipationModel_ = 1;
+		}
+		else if(adm == "LU")
+		{
+			addDissipationModel_ = 2;
+		}
+		else if (adm == "GB")
+		{
+			addDissipationModel_ = 3;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			addDissipationModel_ = 1;
+		}
+		
+		return true;
+
+	}
+
+	static const char* modelName()
+	{
+		if constexpr (limited)
+		{
+			return "cGAbsoluteLinearLimited";
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			return "cGAbsoluteLinearNonLimited";
+		}
+		return "";
+	}
+
+public:
+
+
+	TypeInfoNV(modelName());
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	cGAbsoluteLinear(){}
+
+	cGAbsoluteLinear(int32 nMaterial, const ViewType1D<real>& rho, const dictionary& dict)
+	:
+		numMaterial_(nMaterial),
+		rho_("rho",nMaterial),
+		linearProperties_("linearProperties",nMaterial)
+	{
+
+		Kokkos::deep_copy(rho_,rho);
+		if(!readLinearDictionary(dict))
+		{
+			fatalExit;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	cGAbsoluteLinear(const cGAbsoluteLinear&) = default;
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	cGAbsoluteLinear(cGAbsoluteLinear&&) = default;
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	cGAbsoluteLinear& operator=(const cGAbsoluteLinear&) = default;
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	cGAbsoluteLinear& operator=(cGAbsoluteLinear&&) = default;
+
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	~cGAbsoluteLinear()=default;
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	int32 numMaterial()const
+	{
+		return numMaterial_;
+	}
+
+	//// - Methods
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	void contactForce
+	(
+		const real dt,
+		const uint32 i,
+		const uint32 j,
+		const uint32 propId_i,
+		const uint32 propId_j,
+		const real Ri,
+		const real Rj,
+		const real cGFi,
+		const real cGFj,
+		const real ovrlp_n,
+		const realx3& Vr,
+		const realx3& Nij,
+		contactForceStorage& history,
+		realx3& FCn,
+		realx3& FCt
+	)const
+	{
+
+		
+		auto prop = linearProperties_(propId_i,propId_j);		
+
+
+		real f_ = ( cGFi + cGFj )/2 ;
+
+
+		real vrn = dot(Vr, Nij);	
+		realx3 Vt = Vr - vrn*Nij;
+
+		history.overlap_t_ += Vt*dt;
+
+		real mi = 3*Pi/4*pow(Ri,3.0)*rho_[propId_i];
+		real mj = 3*Pi/4*pow(Rj,3.0)*rho_[propId_j];
+
+		real sqrt_meff = sqrt((mi*mj)/(mi+mj));
+
+
+		// disipation model
+		if (addDissipationModel_==2)
+		{
+			prop.en_ = sqrt(1+((pow(prop.en_,2)-1)*f_));
+		}
+		else if (addDissipationModel_==3)
+		{
+			auto pie =3.14;
+			prop.en_ = exp((pow(f_,1.5)*log(prop.en_)*sqrt( (1-((pow(log(prop.en_),2))/(pow(log(prop.en_),2)+pow(pie,2))))/(1-(pow(f_,3)*(pow(log(prop.en_),2))/(pow(log(prop.en_),2)+pow(pie,2)))) ) ));
+		}
+
+
+
+
+		real ethan_  = -2.0*log(prop.en_)*sqrt(prop.kn_)/
+					sqrt(pow(log(prop.en_),2.0)+ pow(Pi,2.0));
+
+			//REPORT(0)<<"\n en n is  :  "<<END_REPORT;
+			//REPORT(0)<< prop.en_ <<END_REPORT;
+
+		FCn = (  -pow(f_,3.0)*prop.kn_ * ovrlp_n - sqrt_meff * pow(f_,1.5) * ethan_ * vrn)*Nij;
+		FCt = ( -pow(f_,3.0)*prop.kt_ * history.overlap_t_ - sqrt_meff * pow(f_,1.5) *  prop.ethat_*Vt);
+		
+
+		
+		real ft = length(FCt);
+		real ft_fric = prop.mu_ * length(FCn);
+		
+		if(ft > ft_fric)
+		{
+			if( length(history.overlap_t_) >static_cast<real>(0.0))
+			{
+				if constexpr (limited)
+				{
+					FCt *= (ft_fric/ft);
+                	history.overlap_t_ = - (FCt/prop.kt_);
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					FCt = (FCt/ft)*ft_fric;	
+				}
+				//cout<<"friction is applied here \n";
+				
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				FCt = 0.0;
+			}
+		}
+
+	}
+	
+};
+
+} //pFlow::cfModels
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/Interaction/Models/contactForce/cGRelativeLinearCF.hpp b/src/Interaction/Models/contactForce/cGRelativeLinearCF.hpp
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..48a77884
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/Models/contactForce/cGRelativeLinearCF.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __cGRelativeLinearCF_hpp__
+#define __cGRelativeLinearCF_hpp__
+
+#include "types.hpp"
+#include "symArrays.hpp"
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+namespace pFlow::cfModels
+{
+
+template<bool limited=true>
+class cGRelativeLinear
+{
+public:
+
+	struct contactForceStorage
+	{
+		realx3 overlap_t_ = 0.0;
+	};
+	
+	
+	struct linearProperties
+	{		
+		real 	kn_ 	= 1000.0;
+		real 	kt_	= 800.0;
+		real 	en_ 	= 0.0;
+		real 	ethat_ 	= 0.0;
+		real    mu_ 	= 0.00001;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		linearProperties(){}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		linearProperties(real kn, real kt, real en, real etha_t, real mu  ):
+			kn_(kn), kt_(kt), en_(en),ethat_(etha_t), mu_(mu)
+		{}		
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		linearProperties(const linearProperties&)=default;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		linearProperties& operator=(const linearProperties&)=default;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		~linearProperties() = default;
+	};
+	
+	
+
+protected:
+
+	using LinearArrayType = symArray<linearProperties>;
+	
+	int32 					numMaterial_ = 0;
+
+	ViewType1D<real>  		 rho_;
+
+	LinearArrayType  	linearProperties_;
+	
+	int32 		addDissipationModel_;	
+	
+
+	bool readLinearDictionary(const dictionary& dict)
+	{
+	
+		
+		auto kn = dict.getVal<realVector>("kn");
+		auto kt = dict.getVal<realVector>("kt");
+		auto en = dict.getVal<realVector>("en");
+		auto et = dict.getVal<realVector>("et");
+		auto mu = dict.getVal<realVector>("mu");
+		
+
+		auto nElem = kn.size();
+
+
+		if(nElem != kt.size())
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"sizes of kn("<<nElem<<") and kt("<<kt.size()<<") do not match.\n";
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if(nElem != en.size())
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"sizes of kn("<<nElem<<") and en("<<en.size()<<") do not match.\n";
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if(nElem != et.size())
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"sizes of kn("<<nElem<<") and et("<<et.size()<<") do not match.\n";
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if(nElem != mu.size())
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"sizes of kn("<<nElem<<") and mu("<<mu.size()<<") do not match.\n";
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		
+		// check if size of vector matchs a symetric array
+		uint32 nMat;
+		if( !LinearArrayType::getN(nElem, nMat) )
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"sizes of properties do not match a symetric array with size ("<<
+			numMaterial_<<"x"<<numMaterial_<<").\n";
+			return false;
+		}
+		else if( numMaterial_ != nMat)
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"size mismatch for porperties. \n"<<
+			"you supplied "<< numMaterial_<<" items in materials list and "<<
+			nMat << " for other properties.\n";
+			return false;
+		}
+
+
+		realVector etha_t("etha_t", nElem);
+
+
+		ForAll(i , kn)
+		{
+
+
+			etha_t[i] = -2.0*log( et[i])*sqrt(kt[i]*2/7) /
+					sqrt(log(pow(et[i],2.0))+ pow(Pi,2.0));
+					
+					
+		}
+
+		Vector<linearProperties> prop("prop", nElem);
+		ForAll(i,kn)
+		{
+			prop[i] = {kn[i], kt[i], en[i], etha_t[i], mu[i]  };
+		}
+
+		linearProperties_.assign(prop);
+		
+				auto adm = dict.getVal<word>("additionalDissipationModel");
+
+		
+		if(adm == "none")
+		{
+			addDissipationModel_ = 1;
+		}
+		else if(adm == "LU")
+		{
+			addDissipationModel_ = 2;
+		}
+		else if (adm == "GB")
+		{
+			addDissipationModel_ = 3;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			addDissipationModel_ = 1;
+		}
+
+		return true;
+
+	}
+
+	static const char* modelName()
+	{
+		if constexpr (limited)
+		{
+			return "cGRelativeLinearLimited";
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			return "cGRelativeLinearNonLimited";
+		}
+		return "";
+	}
+
+public:
+
+
+	TypeInfoNV(modelName());
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	cGRelativeLinear(){}
+
+	cGRelativeLinear(int32 nMaterial, const ViewType1D<real>& rho, const dictionary& dict)
+	:
+		numMaterial_(nMaterial),
+		rho_("rho",nMaterial),
+		linearProperties_("linearProperties",nMaterial)
+	{
+
+		Kokkos::deep_copy(rho_,rho);
+		if(!readLinearDictionary(dict))
+		{
+			fatalExit;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	cGRelativeLinear(const cGRelativeLinear&) = default;
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	cGRelativeLinear(cGRelativeLinear&&) = default;
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	cGRelativeLinear& operator=(const cGRelativeLinear&) = default;
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	cGRelativeLinear& operator=(cGRelativeLinear&&) = default;
+
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	~cGRelativeLinear()=default;
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	int32 numMaterial()const
+	{
+		return numMaterial_;
+	}
+
+	//// - Methods
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	void contactForce
+	(
+		const real dt,
+		const uint32 i,
+		const uint32 j,
+		const uint32 propId_i,
+		const uint32 propId_j,
+		const real Ri,
+		const real Rj,
+		const real cGFi,
+		const real cGFj,
+		const real ovrlp_n,
+		const realx3& Vr,
+		const realx3& Nij,
+		contactForceStorage& history,
+		realx3& FCn,
+		realx3& FCt
+	)const
+	{
+		
+		auto prop = linearProperties_(propId_i,propId_j);		
+
+		real f_ = ( cGFi + cGFj )/2 ;
+
+
+		real vrn = dot(Vr, Nij);	
+		realx3 Vt = Vr - vrn*Nij;
+
+		history.overlap_t_ += Vt*dt;
+
+		real mi = 3*Pi/4*pow(Ri,3.0)*rho_[propId_i];
+		real mj = 3*Pi/4*pow(Rj,3.0)*rho_[propId_j];
+
+		real sqrt_meff = sqrt((mi*mj)/(mi+mj));
+		
+		
+				if (addDissipationModel_==2)
+		{
+			prop.en_ = sqrt(1+((pow(prop.en_,2)-1)*f_));
+		}
+				else if (addDissipationModel_==3)
+		{
+			auto pie =3.14;
+			prop.en_ = exp((pow(f_,1.5)*log(prop.en_)*sqrt( (1-((pow(log(prop.en_),2))/(pow(log(prop.en_),2)+pow(pie,2))))/(1-(pow(f_,3)*(pow(log(prop.en_),2))/(pow(log(prop.en_),2)+pow(pie,2)))) ) ));
+		}
+		real ethan_  = -2.0*log(prop.en_)*sqrt(prop.kn_)/
+			sqrt(pow(log(prop.en_),2.0)+ pow(Pi,2.0));
+		
+
+		FCn = (  -pow(f_,1.0)*prop.kn_ * ovrlp_n - sqrt_meff * pow(f_,0.5) * ethan_ * vrn)*Nij;
+		FCt = ( -pow(f_,1.0)*prop.kt_ * history.overlap_t_ - sqrt_meff * pow(f_,0.5) *  prop.ethat_*Vt);
+		
+
+		
+		real ft = length(FCt);
+		real ft_fric = prop.mu_ * length(FCn);
+		
+		if(ft > ft_fric)
+		{
+			if( length(history.overlap_t_) >static_cast<real>(0.0))
+			{
+				if constexpr (limited)
+				{
+					FCt *= (ft_fric/ft);
+                	history.overlap_t_ = - (FCt/prop.kt_);
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					FCt = (FCt/ft)*ft_fric;	
+				}
+				//cout<<"friction is applied here \n";
+				
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				FCt = 0.0;
+			}
+		}
+
+	}
+	
+};
+
+} //pFlow::cfModels
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/Interaction/Models/contactForce/linearCF.hpp b/src/Interaction/Models/contactForce/linearCF.hpp
index 5ef6da3e..88bf2108 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/Models/contactForce/linearCF.hpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/Models/contactForce/linearCF.hpp
@@ -133,8 +133,9 @@ protected:
 			return false;
 		}
 
-		realVector etha_n(nElem);
-		realVector etha_t(nElem);
+		realVector etha_n("etha_n", nElem);
+		realVector etha_t("etha_t", nElem);
+
 		ForAll(i , kn)
 		{
 			etha_n[i] = -2.0*log(en[i])*sqrt(kn[i])/
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ protected:
 					sqrt(pow(log(et[i]),2.0)+ pow(Pi,2.0));
 		}
 
-		Vector<linearProperties> prop(nElem);
+		Vector<linearProperties> prop("prop", nElem);
 		ForAll(i,kn)
 		{
 			prop[i] = {kn[i], kt[i], etha_n[i], etha_t[i], mu[i]};
@@ -219,10 +220,10 @@ public:
 	void contactForce
 	(
 		const real dt,
-		const int32 i,
-		const int32 j,
-		const int32 propId_i,
-		const int32 propId_j,
+		const uint32 i,
+		const uint32 j,
+		const uint32 propId_i,
+		const uint32 propId_j,
 		const real Ri,
 		const real Rj,
 		const real ovrlp_n,
diff --git a/src/Interaction/Models/contactForce/nonLinearCF.hpp b/src/Interaction/Models/contactForce/nonLinearCF.hpp
index b9f42d69..3ba1c5c5 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/Models/contactForce/nonLinearCF.hpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/Models/contactForce/nonLinearCF.hpp
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ protected:
 		}
 
 
-		realVector etha_n(nElem);
+		realVector etha_n("etha_n",nElem);
 		
 		ForAll(i , en)
 		{
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ protected:
 
 		}
 
-		Vector<nonLinearProperties> prop(nElem);
+		Vector<nonLinearProperties> prop("prop",nElem);
 		ForAll(i,Yeff)
 		{
 			prop[i] = {Yeff[i], Geff[i], etha_n[i], mu[i]};
@@ -214,10 +214,10 @@ public:
 	void contactForce
 	(
 		const real dt,
-		const int32 i,
-		const int32 j,
-		const int32 propId_i,
-		const int32 propId_j,
+		const uint32 i,
+		const uint32 j,
+		const uint32 propId_i,
+		const uint32 propId_j,
 		const real Ri,
 		const real Rj,
 		const real ovrlp_n,
diff --git a/src/Interaction/Models/contactForce/nonLinearMod.hpp b/src/Interaction/Models/contactForce/nonLinearMod.hpp
index 3bfbd29b..9a771970 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/Models/contactForce/nonLinearMod.hpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/Models/contactForce/nonLinearMod.hpp
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ protected:
 		}
 
 
-		Vector<nonLinearProperties> prop(nElem);
+		Vector<nonLinearProperties> prop("prop",nElem);
 		ForAll(i,Yeff)
 		{
 			prop[i] = {Yeff[i], Geff[i], etha_n[i], mu[i]};
@@ -198,10 +198,10 @@ public:
 	void contactForce
 	(
 		const real dt,
-		const int32 i,
-		const int32 j,
-		const int32 propId_i,
-		const int32 propId_j,
+		const uint32 i,
+		const uint32 j,
+		const uint32 propId_i,
+		const uint32 propId_j,
 		const real Ri,
 		const real Rj,
 		const real ovrlp_n,
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/systemControl/Control.hpp b/src/Interaction/Models/grainContactForceModels.hpp
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
similarity index 63%
rename from src/phasicFlow/repository/systemControl/Control.hpp
rename to src/Interaction/Models/grainContactForceModels.hpp
index 58df40a4..908117f5
--- a/src/phasicFlow/repository/systemControl/Control.hpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/Models/grainContactForceModels.hpp
@@ -18,30 +18,28 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
+#ifndef __grainContactForceModels_hpp__
+#define __grainContactForceModels_hpp__
 
-#ifndef __Control_hpp__
-#define __Control_hpp__
+#include "cGAbsoluteLinearCF.hpp"
+#include "cGRelativeLinearCF.hpp"
+
+#include "grainRolling.hpp"
 
 
-// top-level entity repository for the whole application 
-// Each application that is executed in pFlow, should have 
-// settings/systemControl file in it. 
-// This  repository holds two main repositories: Time and settings 
 
-#include "systemControl.hpp"
-#include "timeFolder.hpp"
-
-namespace pFlow
+namespace pFlow::cfModels 
 {
 
 
-inline systemControl& Control()
-{
-	static systemControl control_;
-	return control_;
+using limitedCGAbsoluteLinearGrainRolling 	= grainRolling<cGAbsoluteLinear<true>>;
+using nonLimitedCGAbsoluteLinearGrainRolling = grainRolling<cGAbsoluteLinear<false>>;
+
+using limitedCGRelativeLinearGrainRolling   = grainRolling<cGRelativeLinear<true>>;
+using nonLimitedCGRelativeLinearGrainRolling = grainRolling<cGRelativeLinear<false>>;
+
 }
 
-} // pFlow
 
 
-#endif // __Control_hpp__
+#endif //__grainContactForceModels_hpp__
diff --git a/src/Interaction/Models/rolling/grainRolling.hpp b/src/Interaction/Models/rolling/grainRolling.hpp
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..b8eff130
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/Models/rolling/grainRolling.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __grainRolling_hpp__
+#define __grainRolling_hpp__
+
+
+namespace pFlow::cfModels
+{
+
+template<typename contactForceModel>
+class grainRolling
+:
+	public contactForceModel
+{
+public:
+	
+	using contactForceStorage = 
+		typename contactForceModel::contactForceStorage;
+
+
+	realSymArray_D  	mur_;
+
+	bool readGrainDict(const dictionary& dict)
+	{
+		auto mur = dict.getVal<realVector>("mur");
+
+		uint32 nMat;
+
+		if(!realSymArray_D::getN(mur.size(),nMat) || nMat != this->numMaterial())
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"wrong number of values supplied in mur. \n";
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		mur_.assign(mur);
+
+		return true; 
+	}
+
+public:
+
+	TypeInfoNV(word("normal<"+contactForceModel::TYPENAME()+">"));
+	
+
+	grainRolling(int32 nMaterial, const ViewType1D<real>& rho, const dictionary& dict)
+	:
+		contactForceModel(nMaterial, rho, dict),
+		mur_("mur", nMaterial)
+	{
+		if(!readGrainDict(dict))
+		{
+			fatalExit;
+		}
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	void rollingFriction
+	(
+		const real dt,
+		const uint32 i,
+		const uint32 j,
+		const uint32 propId_i,
+		const uint32 propId_j,
+		const real Ri,
+		const real Rj,
+		const real cGFi,
+		const real cGFj,
+		const realx3& wi,
+		const realx3& wj,
+		const realx3& Nij,
+		const realx3& FCn,
+		realx3& Mri,
+		realx3& Mrj
+	)const
+	{
+
+		realx3 w_hat = wi-wj;
+		real w_hat_mag = length(w_hat);
+
+		if( !equal(w_hat_mag,0.0) )
+			w_hat /= w_hat_mag;
+		else
+			w_hat = 0.0;
+
+		auto Reff = (Ri*Rj)/(Ri+Rj);
+
+		Mri = ( -mur_(propId_i,propId_j) *length(FCn) * Reff ) * w_hat ;
+       
+       	//removing the normal part 
+       	// Mri = Mri - ( (Mri .dot. nij)*nij )
+
+       	Mrj = -Mri;
+	}
+
+
+};
+
+}
+ 
+#endif 
diff --git a/src/Interaction/Models/rolling/normalRolling.hpp b/src/Interaction/Models/rolling/normalRolling.hpp
index de850e3c..80b8e321 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/Models/rolling/normalRolling.hpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/Models/rolling/normalRolling.hpp
@@ -76,10 +76,10 @@ public:
 	void rollingFriction
 	(
 		const real dt,
-		const int32 i,
-		const int32 j,
-		const int32 propId_i,
-		const int32 propId_j,
+		const uint32 i,
+		const uint32 j,
+		const uint32 propId_i,
+		const uint32 propId_j,
 		const real Ri,
 		const real Rj,
 		const realx3& wi,
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactLists/sortedContactList.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactLists/sortedContactList.hpp
index 45c8e4b0..4f41caac 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/contactLists/sortedContactList.hpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactLists/sortedContactList.hpp
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ protected:
 
 	ViewType1D<ValueType,ExecutionSpace> 	values_;
 
-	int32 									size0_ = 0;
+	uint32 									size0_ = 0;
 
 	ViewType1D<PairType,ExecutionSpace> 	sortedPairs0_;
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ protected:
 	using rpReFillPairs = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
 		ExecutionSpace,
 		Kokkos::Schedule<Kokkos::Static>,
-		Kokkos::IndexType<int32>,
+		Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>,
 		TagReFillPairs>;
 
 public:
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ public:
 	TypeInfoNV("sortedContactList");
 
 
-	sortedContactList(int32 initialSize =1)
+	explicit sortedContactList(uint32 initialSize =1)
 	:
 		SortedPairs(initialSize),
 		values_("values", SortedPairs::capacity()),
@@ -114,31 +114,31 @@ public:
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	ValueType getValue(int32 idx)const
+	ValueType getValue(uint32 idx)const
 	{
 		return values_[idx];
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	void setValue(int32 idx, const ValueType& val)const
+	void setValue(uint32 idx, const ValueType& val)const
 	{
 		values_[idx] = val;
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	void operator()(TagReFillPairs, int32 idx)const
+	void operator()(TagReFillPairs, uint32 idx)const
 	{
 
-		auto searchLen = max(size0_/1000,10);
-		auto start 	= max(0,idx-searchLen);
-		auto end 	= min(size0_,idx+searchLen);
+		uint32 searchLen = max(size0_/1000u,10u);
+		uint32 start 	= idx-min(searchLen,idx);
+		uint32 end 	= min(size0_,idx+searchLen);
 		auto newPair = this->sortedPairs_[idx];
 		if(	auto idx0 = binarySearch(
 				sortedPairs0_,
 				start,
 				end,
 				newPair);
-				idx0>=0)
+				idx0!=static_cast<uint32>(-1))
 		{
 			values_[idx] = values0_[idx0];
 		}
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ public:
 			start, 
 			end,
 			newPair);
-			idx0>=0)
+			idx0!= static_cast<uint32>(-1) )
 		{
 			values_[idx] = values0_[idx0];
 			
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactLists/sortedPairs.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactLists/sortedPairs.hpp
index d8b74a50..12593810 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/contactLists/sortedPairs.hpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactLists/sortedPairs.hpp
@@ -52,24 +52,24 @@ public:
 	{
 		using PairType = typename sortedPairs::PairType;
 
-		int32 size_;
+		uint32 size_;
 
 		ViewType1D<PairType,ExecutionSpace> sortedParis_;
 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		int32 size()const { return size_; }
+		uint32 size()const { return size_; }
 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		int32 loopCount()const { return size_; }
+		uint32 loopCount()const { return size_; }
 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		bool isValid(int32 i)const { return i<size_; }
+		bool isValid(uint32 i)const { return i<size_; }
 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		PairType getPair(int i)const {	return sortedParis_[i];	}
+		PairType getPair(uint32 i)const {	return sortedParis_[i];	}
 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		bool getPair(int32 i, PairType& pair)const {
+		bool getPair(uint32 i, PairType& pair)const {
 			if(i<size_)	{
 				pair = sortedParis_[i];
 				return true;
@@ -85,22 +85,22 @@ public:
 protected:
 
 	/// size of pair list
-	int32 			size_ = 0;
+	uint32 			size_ = 0;
 
-	ViewType1D<int32,ExecutionSpace>		flags_;
+	ViewType1D<uint32,ExecutionSpace>		flags_;
 
 	ViewType1D<PairType,ExecutionSpace> 	sortedPairs_;
 
 	using rpFillFlag = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
 		ExecutionSpace,
 		Kokkos::Schedule<Kokkos::Static>,
-		Kokkos::IndexType<int32>,
+		Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>,
 		TagFillFlag	>;
 
 	using rpFillPairs = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
 		ExecutionSpace,
 		Kokkos::Schedule<Kokkos::Static>,
-		Kokkos::IndexType<int32>,
+		Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>,
 		TagFillPairs>;
 	
 public:
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ public:
 
 
 	// constructors
-	sortedPairs(int32 initialSize =1)
+	explicit sortedPairs(uint32 initialSize =1)
 	:
 		UnsortedPairs(initialSize),
 		flags_("flags_",UnsortedPairs::capacity()+1),
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ public:
 	//   return the pair at index idx
 	//   perform no check for size and existance
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	PairType getPair(int32 idx)const
+	PairType getPair(uint32 idx)const
 	{
 		return sortedPairs_[idx];
 	}
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ public:
 	// - Device/host call
 	//   return the pair at index idx
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	bool getPair(int32 idx, PairType& p)const
+	bool getPair(uint32 idx, PairType& p)const
 	{
 		if(isValid(idx))
 		{
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ public:
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	bool isValid(int32 idx)const
+	bool isValid(uint32 idx)const
 	{
 		return idx < size_;	
 	}
@@ -164,12 +164,12 @@ public:
 
 	//use this when the value of size_ is updated
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	int32 size()const
+	uint32 size()const
 	{
 		return size_;
 	}
 
-	int32 loopCount()const
+	uint32 loopCount()const
 	{
 		return size_;
 	}
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ public:
 	void prepareSorted()
 	{
 		// first check the size of flags_ 
-		int32 capacity = UnsortedPairs::capacity();
+		uint32 capacity = UnsortedPairs::capacity();
 
 		if( capacity+1 > flags_.size() )
 		{
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ public:
 		if( size_>sortedPairs_.size() )
 		{
 			// get more space to prevent reallocations in next iterations
-			int32 len = size_*1.1+1; 
+			uint32 len = size_*1.1+1; 
 			reallocNoInit(sortedPairs_, len);
 		}
 		
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ public:
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	void operator()(TagFillFlag, int32 i)const
+	void operator()(TagFillFlag, uint32 i)const
 	{
 		if(this->container_.valid_at(i) )
 			flags_[i] = 1;
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ public:
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	void operator()(TagFillPairs, int32 i)const
+	void operator()(TagFillPairs, uint32 i)const
 	{
 		auto fi = flags_[i];
 		if(fi!=flags_[i+1])
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactLists/unsortedContactList.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactLists/unsortedContactList.hpp
index f2200fd9..7aa98237 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/contactLists/unsortedContactList.hpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactLists/unsortedContactList.hpp
@@ -17,10 +17,11 @@ Licence:
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
 #ifndef __unsortedContactList_hpp__
 #define __unsortedContactList_hpp__ 
 
+#include "unsortedPairs.hpp"
+
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ protected:
 	using rpFillPairs = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
 		ExecutionSpace,
 		Kokkos::Schedule<Kokkos::Static>,
-		Kokkos::IndexType<int32>,
+		Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>,
 		TagReFillPairs>;
 
 
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ public:
 
 	TypeInfoNV("unsortedContactList");
 
-	unsortedContactList(int32 capacity=1)
+	explicit unsortedContactList(uint32 capacity=1)
 	:
 		UnsortedPairs(capacity),
 		values_("values", UnsortedPairs::capacity()),
@@ -94,7 +95,8 @@ public:
 		// swap conainer and values 
 		swapViews(values0_, values_);
 		swapViews(container0_, this->container_);
-		return UnsortedPairs::beforeBroadSearch();
+		UnsortedPairs::beforeBroadSearch();
+		return true;
 	}
 
 	bool afterBroadSearch()
@@ -109,7 +111,7 @@ public:
 			rpFillPairs(0,this->capacity()),
 			*this);
 		Kokkos::fence();
-
+		
 		return true; 
 	}
 
@@ -122,7 +124,7 @@ public:
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	bool getValue(const PairType& p, ValueType& val)const
 	{
-		if(auto idx = this->find(p); idx>=0)
+		if(auto idx = this->find(p); idx!=static_cast<uint32>(-1))
 		{
 			val = getValue(idx); 
 			return true;
@@ -131,7 +133,7 @@ public:
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	void setValue(int32 idx, const ValueType& val)const
+	void setValue(uint32 idx, const ValueType& val)const
 	{
 		values_[idx] = val;
 	}
@@ -139,7 +141,7 @@ public:
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	bool setValue(const PairType& p, const ValueType& val)const
 	{
-		if(auto idx = this->find(p); idx>=0)
+		if(uint32 idx = this->find(p); idx!=static_cast<uint32>(-1))
 		{
 			setValue(idx, val);
 			return true;;
@@ -148,13 +150,13 @@ public:
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	void operator()(TagReFillPairs, int32 idx)const
+	void operator()(TagReFillPairs, uint32 idx)const
 	{
 		if( this->isValid(idx) )
 		{
-			if( int32 idx0 = 
+			if( uint32 idx0 = 
 					container0_.find(this->getPair(idx));
-					idx0>=0 )
+					idx0!= static_cast<uint32>(-1) )
 			{
 				values_[idx] = values0_[idx0];
 			}
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactLists/unsortedPairs.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactLists/unsortedPairs.hpp
index e9434751..fb622bdb 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/contactLists/unsortedPairs.hpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactLists/unsortedPairs.hpp
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ public:
 
 	using memory_space 		= typename ExecutionSpace::memory_space;
 
-	using PairType 			= kPair<idType,idType>;
+	using PairType 			= Pair<idType,idType>;
 
 	using ContainerType 	= unorderedSet<PairType, ExecutionSpace>;
 
@@ -52,19 +52,19 @@ public:
 		ContainerType 		Container_;
 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		int32 size()const { return Container_.size(); }
+		uint32 size()const { return Container_.size(); }
 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		int32 loopCount()const { return Container_.capacity(); }
+		uint32 loopCount()const { return Container_.capacity(); }
 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		bool isValid(int32 idx)const { return Container_.valid_at(idx); }
+		bool isValid(uint32 idx)const { return Container_.valid_at(idx); }
 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		PairType getPair(int idx)const {	return Container_.key_at(idx); }
+		PairType getPair(uint32 idx)const {	return Container_.key_at(idx); }
 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		bool getPair(int32 idx, PairType& pair)const {
+		bool getPair(uint32 idx, PairType& pair)const {
 			if(Container_.valid_at(idx))	{
 				pair = Container_.key_at(idx);
 				return true;
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ public:
 	TypeInfoNV("unsorderedPairs");
 
 	// constructor
-	unsortedPairs(int32 capacity=1)
+	explicit unsortedPairs(uint32 capacity=1)
 	:
 		container_(capacity) // the minimum capacity would be 128 
 	{}
@@ -102,20 +102,20 @@ public:
 	
 	// - Device call
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	int32 insert(idType i, idType j)const
+	uint32 insert(idType i, idType j)const
 	{
 		if(auto insertResult = container_.insert(PairType(i,j)); insertResult.failed())
-			return -1;
+			return static_cast<uint32>(-1);
 		else
 			return insertResult.index();
 			
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	int32 insert(const PairType& p)const
+	uint32 insert(const PairType& p)const
 	{
 		if(auto insertResult = container_.insert(p); insertResult.failed())
-			return -1;
+			return static_cast<uint32>(-1);
 		else
 			return insertResult.index();
 
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ public:
 	//   return the pair at index idx
 	//   perform no check for size and existance
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	PairType getPair(int32 idx)const
+	PairType getPair(uint32 idx)const
 	{
 		return container_.key_at(idx);
 	}
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ public:
 	// - Device call
 	//   return the pair at index idx
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	bool getPair(int32 idx, PairType& p)const
+	bool getPair(uint32 idx, PairType& p)const
 	{
 		if(container_.valid_at(idx))
 		{
@@ -148,36 +148,36 @@ public:
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	int32 find(const PairType & p)const
+	uint32 find(const PairType & p)const
 	{
 		if( auto idx = container_.find(p); 
 			idx != Kokkos::UnorderedMapInvalidIndex )
 			return idx;
 		else
-			return -1;
+			return static_cast<uint32>(-1);
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	bool isValid(int32 idx)const
+	bool isValid(uint32 idx)const
 	{
 		return container_.valid_at(idx);	
 	}
 
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	int32 capacity() const
+	uint32 capacity() const
 	{
 		return container_.capacity();
 	}
 
-	int32 loopCount()const
+	uint32 loopCount()const
 	{
 		return container_.capacity();
 	}
 	
 	//use this when the value of size_ is updated
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	int32 size()const
+	uint32 size()const
 	{
 		return container_.size();
 	}
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ public:
 	/// increase the capacity of the container by at-least len 
 	/// the content will be erased. 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	void increaseCapacityBy(int32 len)
+	void increaseCapacityBy(uint32 len)
 	{
 		uint newCap = container_.capacity()+len;
 		this->clear();
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/ContactSearch/ContactSearch.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/ContactSearch/ContactSearch.hpp
index d6428064..e024295c 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/ContactSearch/ContactSearch.hpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/ContactSearch/ContactSearch.hpp
@@ -22,16 +22,18 @@ Licence:
 #ifndef __ContactSearch_hpp__
 #define __ContactSearch_hpp__
 
-
+#include "contactSearchGlobals.hpp"
 #include "contactSearch.hpp"
 #include "box.hpp"
+#include "particles.hpp"
+#include "geometry.hpp"
+#include "boundaryContactSearchList.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
 template<
-	template<class> class BaseMethod,
-	template<class> class WallMapping	
+	class searchMethod
 >
 class ContactSearch
 :
@@ -39,207 +41,134 @@ class ContactSearch
 {
 public:
 	
-	using IdType 			= typename contactSearch::IdType;
+	using IdType 			= uint32;
 
-	using IndexType 		= typename contactSearch::IndexType;
+	using ExecutionSpace 	= DefaultExecutionSpace;
 
-	using ExecutionSpace 	= typename contactSearch::ExecutionSpace;
+	using SearchMethodType = searchMethod;
 
-	using PairContainerType = typename contactSearch::PairContainerType;
-
-	using ParticleContactSearchType = 
-		BaseMethod<
-			ExecutionSpace>;
-
-	using WallMappingType =
-		WallMapping<
-			ExecutionSpace>;
-
-protected:
+private:
 	
+	uniquePtr<SearchMethodType> 	ppwContactSearch_ = nullptr;
 
-	uniquePtr<ParticleContactSearchType> particleContactSearch_ = nullptr;
+	boundaryContactSearchList 		csBoundaries_;
 
-	uniquePtr<WallMappingType> 			 wallMapping_ = nullptr;
+	bool BroadSearch(
+		const timeInfo& ti,
+		csPairContainerType& ppPairs,
+		csPairContainerType& pwPairs,
+		bool force = false) override
+	{
+		
+		const auto& position = Particles().pointPosition().deviceViewAll();
+		const auto& flags = Particles().dynPointStruct().activePointsMaskDevice();
+		const auto& diam = Particles().boundingSphere().deviceViewAll();
+
+		return ppwContactSearch_().broadSearch(
+			ti.iter(),
+			ti.t(),
+			ti.dt(),
+			ppPairs, 
+			pwPairs,
+			position, 
+			flags, 
+			diam,
+			force
+		);
+	}
+
+	bool BoundaryBroadSearch(
+		uint32 bndryIndex,
+		const timeInfo& ti,
+		csPairContainerType& ppPairs,
+		csPairContainerType& pwPairs,
+		bool force = false)override
+	{		
+		return csBoundaries_[bndryIndex].broadSearch(
+			ti.iter(), 
+			ti.t(), 
+			ti.dt(), 
+			ppPairs, 
+			pwPairs, 
+			force
+		);
+	}
 
 public:
 
-	TypeInfoTemplate2("ContactSearch", ParticleContactSearchType, WallMappingType);
+	TypeInfoTemplate11("ContactSearch", SearchMethodType);
 
 	ContactSearch(
 		const dictionary& csDict,
-		const box& domain,
+		const box& extDomain,
 	 	const particles& prtcl,
 	 	const geometry& geom,
 	 	Timers& timers)
 	:
-		contactSearch(csDict, domain, prtcl, geom, timers)
-		
+		contactSearch(
+			csDict, 
+			extDomain, 
+			prtcl, 
+			geom, 
+			timers),
+		csBoundaries_(
+			csDict, 
+			Particles().pStruct().boundaries(),
+			*this)
 	{
 
-		auto method = dict().getVal<word>("method");
-		auto wmMethod = dict().getVal<word>("wallMapping");
-		
-		auto nbDict = dict().subDict(method+"Info");
-
-		real minD, maxD;
+		real minD;
+		real maxD;
 		this->Particles().boundingSphereMinMax(minD, maxD);
 		
-		const auto& position = this->Particles().pointPosition().deviceVectorAll();
-		const auto& diam = this->Particles().boundingSphere().deviceVectorAll();
+		const auto& position = this->Particles().pointPosition().deviceViewAll();
+		const auto& flags = this->Particles().dynPointStruct().activePointsMaskDevice();
+		const auto& diam = this->Particles().boundingSphere().deviceViewAll();
 
-		particleContactSearch_ = 
-			makeUnique<ParticleContactSearchType>
+		uint32 wnPoints = this->Geometry().numPoints();
+		uint32 wnTri    = this->Geometry().size();
+		const auto& wPoints = this->Geometry().points().deviceViewAll();
+		const auto& wVertices = this->Geometry().vertices().deviceViewAll();
+		const auto& wNormals = this->Geometry().normals().deviceViewAll();
+
+		ppwContactSearch_ = 
+			makeUnique<SearchMethodType>
 			(
-				nbDict,
-				this->domain(),
+				dict(),
+				this->extendedDomainBox(),
 				minD,
 				maxD,
 				position,
-				diam
-			);
-		REPORT(2)<<"Contact search algorithm for particle-particle is "<<
-				 greenText(particleContactSearch_().typeName())<<endREPORT;
-
-
-		auto wmDict = dict().subDict(wmMethod+"Info");
-
-		int32 wnPoints = this->Geometry().numPoints();
-		int32 wnTri    = this->Geometry().size();
-
-		const auto& wPoints = this->Geometry().points().deviceVectorAll();
-		const auto& wVertices = this->Geometry().vertices().deviceVectorAll();
-
-		wallMapping_ = 
-			makeUnique<WallMappingType>(
-				wmDict,
-				particleContactSearch_().numLevels(),
-				particleContactSearch_().getCellsLevels(),
+				flags,
+				diam,
 				wnPoints,
-				wnTri, 
+				wnTri,
 				wPoints,
-				wVertices
-				);
-		REPORT(2)<<"Wall mapping algorithm for particle-wall is "<<
-				 greenText(wallMapping_().typeName())<< endREPORT;
-
+				wVertices,
+				wNormals
+			);
 	}
 
-
 	add_vCtor(
 		contactSearch,
 		ContactSearch,
 		dictionary);
-	
-	bool broadSearch(
-		PairContainerType& ppPairs,
-		PairContainerType& pwPairs,
-		bool force = false) override
+
+	bool enterBroadSearchBoundary(const timeInfo& ti, bool force=false)const override
 	{
-
-		
-		if(particleContactSearch_)
-		{
-			auto activeRange = this->Particles().activeRange();
-
-			sphereSphereTimer_.start();
-
-			if(this->Particles().allActive())
-			{		
-				particleContactSearch_().broadSearch(ppPairs, activeRange, force);
-			}
-			else
-			{		
-				particleContactSearch_().broadSearch(ppPairs, activeRange, this->Particles().activePointsMaskD(), force);
-			}
-
-			sphereSphereTimer_.end();
-
-		}
-		else
-			return false;
-		
-		if(wallMapping_)
-		{
-			sphereWallTimer_.start();
-			wallMapping_().broadSearch(pwPairs, particleContactSearch_(), force);
-			sphereWallTimer_.end();
-		}
-		else
-			return false;
-
-		
-		
-		return true;
+		return enterBroadSearch(ti, force) || csBoundaries_.boundariesUpdated();
 	}
 
-
-	bool ppEnterBroadSearch()const override
+	real sizeRatio()const override
 	{
-		if(particleContactSearch_)
-		{
-			return particleContactSearch_().enterBoadSearch(); 
-		}
-		return false;
+		return ppwContactSearch_().sizeRatio();
 	}
 
-	bool pwEnterBroadSearch()const override
+	real cellExtent()const override
 	{
-		if(wallMapping_)
-		{
-			return wallMapping_().enterBoadSearch();
-		}
-		return false;
+		return ppwContactSearch_().cellExtent();
 	}
 	
-
-	bool ppPerformedBroadSearch()const override
-	{
-		if(particleContactSearch_)
-		{
-			return particleContactSearch_().performedSearch();
-		}
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	
-	bool pwPerformedBroadSearch()const override
-	{
-		if(wallMapping_)
-		{
-			return wallMapping_().performedSearch();
-		}
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	/*bool update(const eventMessage& msg) 
-	{
-		if(msg.isSizeChanged() ) 
-		{
-			auto newSize = this->prtcl().size();
-			if(!particleContactSearch_().objectSizeChanged(newSize))
-			{
-				fatalErrorInFunction<<
-				"erro in changing the size for particleContactSearch_ \n";
-				return false;
-			}
-		}
-
-		if(msg.isCapacityChanged() ) 
-		{
-			auto newSize = this->prtcl().capacity();
-			if(!particleContactSearch_().objectSizeChanged(newSize))
-			{
-				fatalErrorInFunction<<
-				"erro in changing the capacity for particleContactSearch_ \n";
-				return false;
-			}
-		}	
-		
-		return true;
-	}*/
-	
-	
 };
 
 }
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/ContactSearch/ContactSearchs.cpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/ContactSearch/ContactSearchs.cpp
index 043e9b78..61024220 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/ContactSearch/ContactSearchs.cpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/ContactSearch/ContactSearchs.cpp
@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ Licence:
 
 #include "ContactSearch.hpp"
 
-#include "cellMapping.hpp"
+//#include "cellMapping.hpp"
 #include "NBS.hpp"
-#include "multiGridNBS.hpp"
-#include "multiGridMapping.hpp"
+//#include "multiGridNBS.hpp"
+//#include "multiGridMapping.hpp"
 
 
-template class pFlow::ContactSearch<pFlow::NBS, pFlow::cellMapping>;
-template class pFlow::ContactSearch<pFlow::multiGridNBS, pFlow::multiGridMapping>;
+template class pFlow::ContactSearch<pFlow::NBS>;
+//template class pFlow::ContactSearch<pFlow::multiGridNBS, pFlow::multiGridMapping>;
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/boundaryContactSearch/boundaryContactSearch.cpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/boundaryContactSearch/boundaryContactSearch.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d0d31a61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/boundaryContactSearch/boundaryContactSearch.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "boundaryContactSearch.hpp"
+#include "contactSearch.hpp"
+
+pFlow::boundaryContactSearch::boundaryContactSearch(
+    const dictionary &dict,
+    const boundaryBase &boundary,
+    const contactSearch &cSearch)
+    : generalBoundary(
+          boundary,
+          cSearch.pStruct(),
+          "",
+          ""),
+      contactSearch_(cSearch),
+      updateInterval_(dict.getVal<uint32>("updateInterval"))
+{
+}
+
+pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::boundaryContactSearch>
+pFlow::boundaryContactSearch::create(
+	const dictionary &dict,
+	const boundaryBase &boundary,
+	const contactSearch &cSearch)
+{
+	
+	word bType = angleBracketsNames2( 
+		"boundaryContactSearch",
+		pFlowProcessors().localRunTypeName(), 
+		boundary.type());
+	word altBType{"boundaryContactSearch<none>"};
+
+	if( boundaryBasevCtorSelector_.search(bType) )
+	{
+		pOutput.space(4)<<"Creating contact search boundary "<< Green_Text(bType)<<
+		" for "<<boundary.name()<<endl;
+		return boundaryBasevCtorSelector_[bType](dict, boundary, cSearch);
+	}
+	else if(boundaryBasevCtorSelector_.search(altBType))
+	{
+		pOutput.space(4)<<"Creating contact search boundary "<< Green_Text(altBType)<<
+		" for "<<boundary.name()<<endl;
+		return boundaryBasevCtorSelector_[altBType](dict, boundary, cSearch);
+	}
+  else
+  {
+    printKeys
+		( 
+			fatalError << "Ctor Selector "<< bType<<
+      " and "<< altBType << " do not exist. \n"
+			<<"Avaiable ones are: \n"
+			,
+			boundaryBasevCtorSelector_
+		);
+		fatalExit;
+  }
+	
+	return nullptr;
+}
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/boundaryContactSearch/boundaryContactSearch.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/boundaryContactSearch/boundaryContactSearch.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..55ecb47e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/boundaryContactSearch/boundaryContactSearch.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __boundaryContactSearch_hpp__
+#define __boundaryContactSearch_hpp__
+
+#include "generalBoundary.hpp"
+#include "contactSearchGlobals.hpp"
+#include "virtualConstructor.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class contactSearch;
+
+class boundaryContactSearch
+    : public generalBoundary
+{
+private:
+    const contactSearch &contactSearch_;
+
+    /// @brief update interval in terms of iteration numebr
+    uint32 updateInterval_;
+
+    /// @brief  last iteration number which contact search has been performed
+    uint32 lastUpdated_ = 0;
+
+    /// @brief performed search?
+    bool performedSearch_ = false;
+
+public:
+    // type info
+    TypeInfo("boundaryContactSearch<none>");
+
+    boundaryContactSearch(
+        const dictionary &dict,
+        const boundaryBase &boundary,
+        const contactSearch &cSearch);
+
+    create_vCtor(
+        boundaryContactSearch,
+        boundaryBase,
+        (
+            const dictionary &dict,
+            const boundaryBase &boundary,
+            const contactSearch &cSearch),
+        (dict, boundary, cSearch));
+
+    add_vCtor(
+        boundaryContactSearch,
+        boundaryContactSearch,
+        boundaryBase);
+
+    const contactSearch &cSearch() const
+    {
+        return contactSearch_;
+    }
+
+    bool hearChanges(
+        real t,
+        real dt,
+        uint32 iter,
+        const message &msg,
+        const anyList &varList) override
+    {
+
+        if (msg.equivalentTo(message::BNDR_RESET))
+        {
+            // do nothing
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    virtual bool broadSearch(
+        uint32 iter,
+        real t,
+        real dt,
+        csPairContainerType &ppPairs,
+        csPairContainerType &pwPairs,
+        bool force = false)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static uniquePtr<boundaryContactSearch> create(
+        const dictionary &dict,
+        const boundaryBase &boundary,
+        const contactSearch &cSearch);
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif //__boundaryContactSearch_hpp__
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/boundaryContactSearchList.cpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/boundaryContactSearchList.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ae86d7ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/boundaryContactSearchList.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#include "boundaryContactSearchList.hpp"
+#include "boundaryList.hpp"
+
+void pFlow::boundaryContactSearchList::setList(
+    const dictionary &dict, 
+    const contactSearch &cSearch)
+{
+    for(auto i=0; i<boundaries_.size(); i++)
+    {
+        this->set
+        (
+            i, 
+            boundaryContactSearch::create(dict, boundaries_[i], cSearch)
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+pFlow::boundaryContactSearchList::boundaryContactSearchList(
+    const dictionary &dict,
+    const boundaryList& bndrs,
+    const contactSearch &cSearch)
+    :
+    ListPtr(bndrs.size()), 
+    boundaries_(bndrs)
+{
+    setList(dict, cSearch);
+}
+
+bool pFlow::boundaryContactSearchList::boundariesUpdated() const
+{
+    return boundaries_.boundariesUpdated();
+}
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/boundaryContactSearchList.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/boundaryContactSearchList.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9f1951b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/boundaryContactSearchList.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#include "ListPtr.hpp"
+#include "boundaryContactSearch.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class boundaryList;
+class contactSearch;
+
+class boundaryContactSearchList
+:
+    public ListPtr<boundaryContactSearch>
+{
+private:
+
+    const boundaryList&         boundaries_;
+
+    void setList(
+        const dictionary& dict,
+        const contactSearch& cSearch);
+public:
+
+    TypeInfoNV("boundaryContactSearchList");
+
+    boundaryContactSearchList(
+        const dictionary& dict,
+        const boundaryList& bndrs,
+        const contactSearch& cSearch);
+    
+    ~boundaryContactSearchList()=default;
+
+    inline
+    const boundaryList& boundaries()const
+    {
+        return boundaries_;
+    } 
+
+    bool boundariesUpdated()const;
+    
+};
+
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/periodicBoundaryContactSearch.cpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/periodicBoundaryContactSearch.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7dfcd1b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/periodicBoundaryContactSearch.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "periodicBoundaryContactSearch.hpp"
+#include "contactSearch.hpp"
+#include "particles.hpp"
+#include "pointStructure.hpp"
+#include "geometry.hpp"
+
+
+void pFlow::periodicBoundaryContactSearch::setSearchBox()
+{
+    
+    auto db = pStruct().thisDomain().domainBox();
+    auto n1 = boundary().mirrorBoundary().boundaryPlane().normal();
+    auto l1 = boundary().mirrorBoundary().neighborLength();
+    auto n2 = boundary().boundaryPlane().normal();
+    auto l2 = boundary().neighborLength();
+
+    realx3 minP = db.minPoint() + (db.maxPoint()-db.minPoint())* n1+(n2*l2);
+    realx3 maxP = db.maxPoint() + (n1*l1);
+
+    searchBox_={minP, maxP};
+}
+
+pFlow::periodicBoundaryContactSearch::periodicBoundaryContactSearch(
+    const dictionary &dict,
+    const boundaryBase &boundary,
+    const contactSearch &cSearch)
+: 
+    boundaryContactSearch(dict, boundary, cSearch),
+    transferVec_(boundary.mirrorBoundary().displacementVectroToMirror()),
+    thisIndex_(thisBoundaryIndex()),
+    mirrorIndex_(mirrorBoundaryindex()),
+    diameter_(cSearch.Particles().boundingSphere())
+{
+    
+    if(thisIndex_%2==1)
+    {
+        masterSearch_ = true;
+        
+        setSearchBox();
+        
+        real minD;
+        real maxD;
+        cSearch.Particles().boundingSphereMinMax(minD, maxD);
+        
+        ppContactSearch_ = makeUnique<ppwBndryContactSearch>(
+            searchBox_,
+            maxD);
+
+        const auto& geom = cSearch.Geometry();
+
+        pwContactSearch_ = makeUnique<wallBoundaryContactSearch>(
+            0.5,
+            geom.numPoints(),
+            geom.size(),
+            geom.points().deviceViewAll(),
+            geom.vertices().deviceViewAll(),
+            geom.normals().deviceViewAll());
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        masterSearch_ = false;
+        searchBox_={{0,0,0},{0,0,0}};
+    }
+}
+
+bool pFlow::periodicBoundaryContactSearch::broadSearch
+(
+    uint32 iter, 
+    real t, 
+    real dt, 
+    csPairContainerType &ppPairs, 
+    csPairContainerType &pwPairs, 
+    bool force
+)
+{
+    if(masterSearch_)
+    {
+        
+        auto thisP = boundary().thisPoints();
+        auto thisDiams = diameter_.BoundaryField(thisIndex_).thisField();
+        auto mirrorP = mirrorBoundary().thisPoints();
+        auto mirrorDiams = diameter_.BoundaryField(mirrorIndex_).thisField();
+
+        ppContactSearch_().broadSearchPP(
+            ppPairs, 
+            thisP, 
+            thisDiams,
+            mirrorP,
+            mirrorDiams,
+            transferVec_);
+        
+        /*pwContactSearch_().broadSearch(
+            pwPairs, 
+            ppContactSearch_().searchCells(),
+            thisP,
+            thisDiams,
+            mirrorP,
+            mirrorDiams,
+            transferVec_,
+            ppContactSearch_().sizeRatio());*/
+
+            //output<<t<<"  boundary pp size "<< ppPairs.size()<<endl;
+            //output<<t<<"  boundary pw size "<< pwPairs.size()<<endl;
+        
+        return true;
+
+    }else
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/periodicBoundaryContactSearch.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/periodicBoundaryContactSearch.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3cab83ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/periodicBoundaryContactSearch.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+	  O        C enter of
+	 O O       E ngineering and
+	O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __periodicBoundaryContactSearch_hpp__
+#define __periodicBoundaryContactSearch_hpp__
+
+#include "boundaryContactSearch.hpp"
+#include "box.hpp"
+#include "ppwBndryContactSearch.hpp"
+#include "pointFields.hpp"
+#include "wallBoundaryContactSearch.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+
+class periodicBoundaryContactSearch
+	: public boundaryContactSearch
+{
+private:
+	box searchBox_;
+
+	realx3 transferVec_;
+
+	uint32 thisIndex_;
+
+	uint32 mirrorIndex_;
+
+	uniquePtr<ppwBndryContactSearch> 	ppContactSearch_ = nullptr;
+
+	uniquePtr<wallBoundaryContactSearch> pwContactSearch_ = nullptr;
+
+	const realPointField_D 				&diameter_;
+
+	bool masterSearch_ = false;
+
+	void setSearchBox();
+
+public:
+	TypeInfo("boundaryContactSearch<regular,periodic>")
+
+		periodicBoundaryContactSearch(
+			const dictionary &dict,
+			const boundaryBase &boundary,
+			const contactSearch &cSearch);
+
+	~periodicBoundaryContactSearch() override = default;
+
+	add_vCtor(
+		boundaryContactSearch,
+		periodicBoundaryContactSearch,
+		boundaryBase);
+
+	bool broadSearch(
+		uint32 iter,
+		real t,
+		real dt,
+		csPairContainerType &ppPairs,
+		csPairContainerType &pwPairs,
+		bool force = false) override;
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif //__periodicBoundaryContactSearch_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/ppwBndryContactSearch.cpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/ppwBndryContactSearch.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ba6928a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/ppwBndryContactSearch.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+
+#include "ppwBndryContactSearch.hpp"
+#include "ppwBndryContactSearchKernels.hpp"
+#include "phasicFlowKokkos.hpp"
+#include "streams.hpp"
+
+void pFlow::ppwBndryContactSearch::checkAllocateNext(uint32 n)
+{
+	if( nextCapacity_ < n)
+	{
+		nextCapacity_ = n;	
+		reallocNoInit(next_, n);
+	}
+}
+
+void pFlow::ppwBndryContactSearch::nullifyHead()
+{
+	fill(head_, static_cast<uint32>(-1));
+}
+
+void pFlow::ppwBndryContactSearch::nullifyNext(uint32 n)
+{
+	fill(next_, 0u, n, static_cast<uint32>(-1));
+}
+
+void pFlow::ppwBndryContactSearch::buildList(
+	const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<realx3> &points)
+{
+	if(points.empty())return;
+	uint32 n = points.size();
+	checkAllocateNext(n);
+	nullifyNext(n);
+	nullifyHead();
+	
+	pFlow::pweBndryContactSearchKernels::buildNextHead(
+		points,
+		searchCells_,
+		head_,
+		next_
+	);
+}
+
+pFlow::ppwBndryContactSearch::ppwBndryContactSearch
+(
+    const box &domain,
+    real cellSize,
+	real sizeRatio
+)
+:
+	searchCells_(domain, cellSize),
+	head_("periodic:head",searchCells_.nx(), searchCells_.ny(), searchCells_.nz()),
+	sizeRatio_(sizeRatio)
+{
+
+}
+
+bool pFlow::ppwBndryContactSearch::broadSearchPP
+(
+	csPairContainerType &ppPairs, 
+	const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<realx3> &points, 
+	const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<real>& diams, 
+	const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<realx3> &mirrorPoints, 
+	const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<real>& mirrorDiams, 
+	const realx3& transferVec
+)
+{
+	
+	buildList(points);
+
+	uint32 nNotInserted = 1;
+
+	// loop until the container size fits the numebr of contact pairs
+	while (nNotInserted > 0)
+	{
+
+		nNotInserted = pFlow::pweBndryContactSearchKernels::broadSearchPP
+		(
+			ppPairs,
+			points,
+			diams,
+			mirrorPoints,
+			mirrorDiams,
+			transferVec,
+			head_,
+			next_,
+			searchCells_,
+			sizeRatio_
+		);
+		
+	
+		if(nNotInserted)
+		{
+			// - resize the container
+			//   note that getFull now shows the number of failed insertions.
+			uint32 len = max(nNotInserted,100u) ;
+			
+			auto oldCap = ppPairs.capacity();
+			
+			ppPairs.increaseCapacityBy(len);
+
+			INFORMATION<< "Particle-particle contact pair container capacity increased from "<<
+			oldCap << " to "<<ppPairs.capacity()<<" in peiodicBoundaryContactSearch."<<END_INFO;
+			
+		}
+
+	}	
+	
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/ppwBndryContactSearch.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/ppwBndryContactSearch.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0eda8983
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/ppwBndryContactSearch.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+	  O        C enter of
+	 O O       E ngineering and
+	O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __ppwBndryContactSearch_hpp__
+#define __ppwBndryContactSearch_hpp__
+
+#include "contactSearchGlobals.hpp"
+#include "scatteredFieldAccess.hpp"
+#include "cells.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class ppwBndryContactSearch
+{
+public:
+	using HeadType = deviceViewType3D<uint32>;
+
+	using NextType = deviceViewType1D<uint32>;
+
+private:
+
+	cells    searchCells_;
+
+	HeadType head_{ "periodic::head", 1, 1, 1 };
+
+	NextType next_{ "periodic::next", 1 };
+
+	real     sizeRatio_ = 1.0;
+
+	uint32   nextCapacity_ = 0;
+
+	void checkAllocateNext(uint32 n);
+
+	void nullifyHead();
+
+	void nullifyNext(uint32 n);
+
+	void buildList(
+		const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<realx3> &points);
+
+public:
+	ppwBndryContactSearch(
+		const box &domain,
+		real cellSize,
+		real sizeRatio = 1.0);
+
+	bool broadSearchPP(
+		csPairContainerType &ppPairs,
+		const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<realx3> &points,
+		const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<real> &diams,
+		const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<realx3> &mirrorPoints,
+		const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<real> &mirrorDiams,
+		const realx3 &transferVec);
+
+	const auto& searchCells()const
+	{
+		return searchCells_;
+	}
+
+	real sizeRatio()const
+	{
+		return sizeRatio_;
+	}
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif //__ppwBndryContactSearch_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/ppwBndryContactSearchKernels.cpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/ppwBndryContactSearchKernels.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a0d47e78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/ppwBndryContactSearchKernels.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#include "ppwBndryContactSearchKernels.hpp"
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+bool sphereSphereCheckB(const pFlow::realx3& p1, const pFlow::realx3 p2, pFlow::real d1, pFlow::real d2)
+{
+	return pFlow::length(p2-p1) < 0.5*(d2+d1);
+}
+
+void pFlow::pweBndryContactSearchKernels::buildNextHead
+(
+    const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<realx3> &points,
+    const cells              &searchCells,
+    deviceViewType3D<uint32> &head, 
+    deviceViewType1D<uint32> &next 
+)
+{
+    if(points.empty())return;
+    
+    uint32 n= points.size();
+
+    Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		"pFlow::ppwBndryContactSearch::buildList",
+		deviceRPolicyStatic(0,n),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i)
+		{
+			int32x3 ind;
+			if( searchCells.pointIndexInDomain(points[i], ind) )
+			{
+				// discards points out of searchCell
+				uint32 old = Kokkos::atomic_exchange(&head(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()), i);
+				next[i] = old;
+			}
+		}
+	);
+	Kokkos::fence();
+}
+
+pFlow::uint32 pFlow::pweBndryContactSearchKernels::broadSearchPP
+(
+    csPairContainerType &ppPairs, 
+    const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<realx3> &points, 
+    const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<real> &diams, 
+    const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<realx3> &mirrorPoints, 
+    const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<real> &mirrorDiams, 
+    const realx3 &transferVec, 
+    const deviceViewType3D<uint32> &head, 
+    const deviceViewType1D<uint32> &next, 
+    const cells &searchCells,
+    const real sizeRatio
+)
+{
+    
+    if(points.empty()) return 0;
+	if(mirrorPoints.empty())return 0;
+
+	auto nMirror = mirrorPoints.size();
+    
+    uint32 getFull = 0;
+
+    Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
+		"pFlow::pweBndryContactSearchKernels::broadSearchPP",
+		deviceRPolicyStatic(0, nMirror),
+		LAMBDA_HD(const uint32 mrrI, uint32 &getFullUpdate)
+		{
+			realx3 p_m = mirrorPoints(mrrI) + transferVec;
+			
+			int32x3 ind_m;
+			if( !searchCells.pointIndexInDomain(p_m, ind_m))return;
+			
+			real   d_m = sizeRatio*mirrorDiams[mrrI];
+			
+			for(int ii=-1; ii<2; ii++)
+			{
+			for(int jj=-1; jj<2; jj++)
+			{
+			for(int kk =-1; kk<2; kk++)
+			{
+				auto ind = ind_m + int32x3{ii,jj,kk};
+				
+				if(!searchCells.inCellRange(ind))continue;
+
+				uint32 thisI = head(ind.x(),ind.y(),ind.z());
+				while (thisI!=static_cast<uint32>(-1))
+				{				
+					
+					auto d_n = sizeRatio*diams[thisI];
+					
+                    // first item is for this boundary and second itme, for mirror 
+					if(sphereSphereCheckB(p_m, points[thisI], d_m, d_n)&&
+                       ppPairs.insert(thisI,mrrI) == static_cast<uint32>(-1))
+					{
+						getFullUpdate++;	
+					}
+
+					thisI = next(thisI);
+				}
+			}
+			}
+			}
+		},
+        getFull
+	);
+
+    return getFull;
+}
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/ppwBndryContactSearchKernels.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/ppwBndryContactSearchKernels.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..78c4a125
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/ppwBndryContactSearchKernels.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+
+#include "contactSearchGlobals.hpp"
+#include "cells.hpp"
+#include "contactSearchFunctions.hpp"
+#include "scatteredFieldAccess.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow::pweBndryContactSearchKernels
+{
+
+void buildNextHead(
+    const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<realx3> &points,
+    const cells              &searchCells,
+    deviceViewType3D<uint32> &head, 
+    deviceViewType1D<uint32> &next );
+
+
+uint32 broadSearchPP
+(
+	csPairContainerType 						&ppPairs,
+	const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<realx3> 	&points, 
+	const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<real> 		&diams, 
+	const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<realx3>	&mirrorPoints, 
+	const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<real> 		&mirrorDiams, 
+	const realx3 								&transferVec,
+    const deviceViewType3D<uint32>				&head,
+    const deviceViewType1D<uint32>				&next,
+    const cells									&searchCells,
+	real sizeRatio
+);
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/wallBoundaryContactSearch.cpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/wallBoundaryContactSearch.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..acfad226
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/wallBoundaryContactSearch.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+#include "wallBoundaryContactSearch.hpp"
+#include "streams.hpp"
+
+pFlow::wallBoundaryContactSearch::wallBoundaryContactSearch
+(
+    real cellExtent, 
+    uint32 numPoints, 
+    uint32 numElements, 
+    const ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space> &points, 
+    const ViewType1D<uint32x3, memory_space> &vertices, 
+    const ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space> &normals
+)
+:
+    cellExtent_( max(cellExtent, 0.5 ) ),
+    numElements_(numElements),
+    numPoints_(numPoints),
+    vertices_(vertices),
+    points_(points),
+	normals_(normals)
+{
+    allocateArrays();
+}
+
+bool pFlow::wallBoundaryContactSearch::build(const cells &searchBox, const realx3& transferVec)
+{
+    Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		"pFlow::cellsWallLevel0::build",
+		deviceRPolicyStatic(0,numElements_),
+		CLASS_LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i)
+		{
+			auto v = vertices_[i];
+			auto p1 = points_[v.x()]+transferVec;
+			auto p2 = points_[v.y()]+transferVec;
+			auto p3 = points_[v.z()]+transferVec;
+			
+			realx3 minP;
+			realx3 maxP;
+
+			searchBox.extendBox(p1, p2, p3, cellExtent_, minP, maxP);
+			elementBox_[i] = iBoxType(searchBox.pointIndex(minP), searchBox.pointIndex(maxP));
+            auto d = elementBox_[i].maxPoint()-elementBox_[i].minPoint();
+            validBox_[i] = (d.x()*d.y()*d.z())==0? 0:1; 
+		});
+	Kokkos::fence();
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::wallBoundaryContactSearch::broadSearch
+(
+    csPairContainerType &pairs, 
+    const cells &searchCells, 
+    const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<realx3> &thisPoints, 
+    const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<real> &thisDiams, 
+    const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<realx3> &mirrorPoints, 
+    const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<real> &mirroDiams, 
+    const realx3 &transferVec, 
+    real sizeRatio
+)
+{
+    uint32 nNotInserted = 1;
+
+    while (nNotInserted>0u)
+    {
+        build(searchCells,{0,0,0});
+        nNotInserted = findPairsElementRangeCount(
+            pairs,
+            searchCells,
+            thisPoints,
+            thisDiams,
+            {0,0,0},
+            0
+        );
+
+        build(searchCells, transferVec);
+        nNotInserted += findPairsElementRangeCount(
+            pairs,
+            searchCells,
+            mirrorPoints,
+            mirroDiams,
+            transferVec,
+            BASE_MIRROR_WALL_INDEX
+        );
+
+        if(nNotInserted>0u)
+        {
+            //   note that getFull now shows the number of failed insertions.
+			uint32 incCap = max(nNotInserted,50u) ;
+			
+			auto oldCap = pairs.capacity();
+			
+			pairs.increaseCapacityBy(incCap);
+
+			INFORMATION<< "The contact pair container capacity increased from "<<
+			oldCap << " to "<<pairs.capacity()<<" in wallBoundaryContactSearch."<<END_INFO;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+pFlow::uint32 pFlow::wallBoundaryContactSearch::findPairsElementRangeCount
+(
+    csPairContainerType &pairs, 
+    const cells &searchCells, 
+    const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<realx3> &pPoints, 
+    const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<real> &pDiams, 
+    const realx3 &transferVec, 
+    uint  baseTriIndex
+)
+{
+    
+    if(pPoints.empty())return 0u;
+
+    uint32 nNotInserted = 0;
+    uint32 nThis = pPoints.size();
+    const auto& numElements = numElements_;
+    const auto& elementBox = elementBox_;
+    const auto& validBox = validBox_;
+
+    Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
+        "pFlow::wallBoundaryContactSearch::findPairsElementRangeCount",
+        deviceRPolicyDynamic(0,nThis),
+        LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i, uint32 &notInsertedUpdate)
+        {
+            auto p = pPoints[i]+transferVec;
+            int32x3 ind;
+            if( searchCells.pointIndexInDomain(p, ind) )
+            {
+                for(uint32 nTri=0; nTri<numElements; nTri++)
+                {
+                    if( validBox[nTri]== 0)continue;
+                    if( elementBox[nTri].isInside(ind)&& 
+                        pairs.insert(i,nTri+baseTriIndex) == static_cast<uint32>(-1))
+                    {
+                        notInsertedUpdate++;    
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        nNotInserted
+    );
+
+    return nNotInserted;
+}
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/wallBoundaryContactSearch.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/wallBoundaryContactSearch.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..540b793e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/wallBoundaryContactSearch.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __wallBoundaryContactSearch_hpp__
+#define __wallBoundaryContactSearch_hpp__
+
+
+#include "contactSearchGlobals.hpp"
+#include "contactSearchFunctions.hpp"
+#include "scatteredFieldAccess.hpp"
+#include "iBox.hpp"
+#include "cells.hpp"
+
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class wallBoundaryContactSearch
+{
+public:
+
+	using execution_space = csExecutionSpace;
+
+	using memory_space 	= typename execution_space::memory_space;
+
+	using iBoxType 		= iBox<int32>;	
+
+private:
+
+	// - box extent
+	real 			cellExtent_ = 0.5;
+
+	// - number of triangle elements 
+	uint32			numElements_ = 0;
+
+	// - number of points
+	uint32 			numPoints_ = 0;
+
+	// - ref to vectices (borrowed)
+	ViewType1D<uint32x3, memory_space> 	vertices_;
+
+	// - ref to points in the trisurface (borrowed)
+	ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space> 	points_;
+
+	// - ref to normal vectors of triangles (borrowed)
+	ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space> 	normals_;
+
+	// cell range of element/triangle bounding box
+	ViewType1D<iBoxType, memory_space> 	elementBox_;
+
+    ViewType1D<uint8, memory_space>     validBox_;
+	
+	
+	FUNCTION_H
+	void allocateArrays()
+	{
+		reallocNoInit( elementBox_, numElements_);
+        reallocNoInit( validBox_, numElements_);
+	}
+
+public:
+
+	TypeInfoNV("wallBoundaryContactSearch");
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	wallBoundaryContactSearch()=default;
+
+	FUNCTION_H
+	wallBoundaryContactSearch(
+		real 					cellExtent,
+		uint32 					numPoints,
+		uint32 					numElements,
+		const ViewType1D<realx3,memory_space>& 		points, 
+		const ViewType1D<uint32x3,memory_space>& 	vertices,
+		const ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space>& normals);
+	
+
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	uint32 numElements()const
+	{
+		return numElements_;
+	}
+
+	
+	bool build(const cells& searchBox, const realx3& transferVec);
+	
+	bool broadSearch(
+		csPairContainerType& pairs, 
+		const cells &searchCells, 
+		const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<realx3>& thisPoints,
+		const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<real>&  thisDiams,
+        const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<realx3>& mirrorPoints,
+		const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<real>&  mirroDiams,
+		const realx3& transferVec,
+		real sizeRatio);
+
+	uint32 findPairsElementRangeCount(
+		csPairContainerType &pairs, 
+        const cells &searchCells, 
+        const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<realx3> &pPoints, 
+        const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<real> &pDiams, 
+        const realx3 &transferVec, 
+        uint  baseTriIndex);
+	
+
+
+}; // wallBoundaryContactSearch
+
+} // pFlow
+
+
+#endif // __wallBoundaryContactSearch_hpp__
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/contactSearch/contactSearch.cpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/contactSearch/contactSearch.cpp
index 17c1dbd3..7394e295 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/contactSearch/contactSearch.cpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/contactSearch/contactSearch.cpp
@@ -19,54 +19,124 @@ Licence:
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #include "contactSearch.hpp"
-
+#include "streams.hpp"
+#include "particles.hpp"
 
 
 pFlow::contactSearch::contactSearch(
 	const dictionary& dict,
-	const box& domain,
+	const box& extDomain,
  	const particles& prtcl,
  	const geometry& geom,
  	Timers& timers)
 :
-	interactionBase(prtcl, geom),
-	domain_(domain),
-	dict_(dict),
-	sphereSphereTimer_("particle-particle contact search", &timers),
-	sphereWallTimer_("particle-wall contact search", &timers)
+	extendedDomainBox_(extDomain),
+	particles_(prtcl),
+	geometry_(geom),
+	bTimer_("Boundary particles contact search", &timers),
+	ppTimer_("Internal particles contact search", &timers),
+	dict_(dict)
 {
 
 }
 
+const pFlow::pointStructure &pFlow::contactSearch::pStruct() const
+{
+   return particles_.pStruct();
+}
 
-pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::contactSearch> pFlow::contactSearch::create(
-	const dictionary& dict,
-	const box& domain,
- 	const particles& prtcl,
- 	const geometry& geom,
- 	Timers& timers)
+bool pFlow::contactSearch::broadSearch
+(
+	const timeInfo &ti, 
+	csPairContainerType &ppPairs, 
+	csPairContainerType &pwPairs, 
+	bool force
+)
 {
 
-	word baseMethName	= dict.getVal<word>("method");
-	word wallMethod 	= dict.getVal<word>("wallMapping");
+	if(enterBroadSearch(ti, force))
+	{
+		ppTimer_.start();
+		if( !BroadSearch(
+			ti,
+			ppPairs,
+			pwPairs,
+			force ) )
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction;
+			performedSearch_ = false;
+			return false;
+		}
+		ppTimer_.end();
+		performedSearch_ = true;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		performedSearch_ = false;
+	}
 
-	auto model = angleBracketsNames2("ContactSearch", baseMethName, wallMethod);
+	return true;
+}
 
+bool pFlow::contactSearch::boundaryBroadSearch
+(
+	uint32 bndryIndex, 
+	const timeInfo &ti, 
+	csPairContainerType &ppPairs, 
+	csPairContainerType &pwPairs, 
+	bool force
+)
+{
+	if(enterBroadSearchBoundary(ti, force))
+	{
+		bTimer_.start();
+		for(uint32 i=0u; i<6u; i++)
+		{
+			if(!BoundaryBroadSearch(
+				i,
+				ti,
+				ppPairs,
+				pwPairs,
+				force))
+			{
+				performedSearchBoundary_ = false;
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+		bTimer_.end();
+		performedSearchBoundary_ = true;
+	}
+	else
+	{
 
-	REPORT(1)<<"Selecting contact search model . . ."<<endREPORT;
+		performedSearchBoundary_ = false;
+	}
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::contactSearch> pFlow::contactSearch::create(
+    const dictionary &dict,
+    const box &extDomain,
+    const particles &prtcl,
+    const geometry &geom,
+    Timers &timers)
+{
+	word baseMethName	= dict.getVal<word>("method");	
+
+	auto model = angleBracketsNames("ContactSearch", baseMethName);
 	
-
+	pOutput.space(2)<<"Selecting contact search model "<<Green_Text(model)<<endl;	
 	if( dictionaryvCtorSelector_.search(model))
 	{
-		auto objPtr = dictionaryvCtorSelector_[model] (dict, domain, prtcl, geom, timers);
-		REPORT(2)<<"Model "<< greenText(model)<<" is created."<<endREPORT;
+		auto objPtr = dictionaryvCtorSelector_[model] (dict, extDomain, prtcl, geom, timers);
 		return objPtr;
 	}
 	else
 	{
 		printKeys
 		( 
-			fatalError << "Ctor Selector "<< model << " dose not exist. \n"
+			fatalError << "Ctor Selector "<< model << " does not exist. \n"
 			<<"Avaiable ones are: \n\n"
 			,
 			dictionaryvCtorSelector_
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/contactSearch/contactSearch.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/contactSearch/contactSearch.hpp
index 7725f7e6..f9f4370f 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/contactSearch/contactSearch.hpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/contactSearch/contactSearch.hpp
@@ -23,50 +23,76 @@ Licence:
 #define __contactSearch_hpp__
 
 
-#include "interactionBase.hpp"
-#include "unsortedPairs.hpp"
-#include "box.hpp"
+#include "contactSearchGlobals.hpp"
 #include "dictionary.hpp"
+#include "virtualConstructor.hpp"
+#include "timeInfo.hpp"
+#include "Timer.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
+// - forward 
+class box;
+class particles;
+class geometry;
+class pointStructure;
+
 
 class contactSearch
-:
-	public interactionBase
 {
-public:
-	using IdType 			= typename interactionBase::IdType;
+private:
 
-	using IndexType 		= typename interactionBase::IndexType;
+	const box& 	extendedDomainBox_;
 
-	using ExecutionSpace 	= typename interactionBase::ExecutionSpace;
+	/// @brief update interval in terms of iteration numebr 
+	uint32 		updateInterval_= 1;
 
-	using PairContainerType   = unsortedPairs<ExecutionSpace, IdType>;
+	/// @brief  last iteration number which contact search has been performed
+	uint32 		lastUpdated_ 	= 0;
 
-protected:
+	/// @brief performed search? 
+	bool 		performedSearch_ = false;
 
-	const box& 			domain_;
+	/// @brief performed search in boundaries
+	bool 		performedSearchBoundary_ = false;
+
+	/// const ref to particles
+	const particles& 		particles_;
+
+	/// const ref to geometry 
+	const geometry&			geometry_;
+
+	Timer 		bTimer_;
+
+	Timer 		ppTimer_;
 
 	dictionary 	dict_;
 
-	Timer 		sphereSphereTimer_;
+	virtual
+	bool BroadSearch(
+		const timeInfo& ti,
+		csPairContainerType& ppPairs,
+		csPairContainerType& pwPairs,
+		bool force
+	)=0;
 
-	Timer 		sphereWallTimer_;
+	virtual
+	bool  BoundaryBroadSearch(
+		uint32 bndryIndex,
+		const timeInfo& ti,
+		csPairContainerType& ppPairs,
+		csPairContainerType& pwPairs,
+		bool force = false
+	)=0;
 
-	auto& dict()
-	{
-		return dict_;
-	}
-	
 public:
 
 	TypeInfo("contactSearch");
 
 	contactSearch(
 		const dictionary& dict,
-		const box& domain,
+		const box& extDomain,
 	 	const particles& prtcl,
 	 	const geometry& geom,
 	 	Timers& timers);
@@ -88,40 +114,103 @@ public:
 	 	(dict, domain, prtcl, geom, timers)
 	);
 
-	const auto& domain()const
+	inline
+	bool performedSearch()const
 	{
-		return domain_;
+		return performedSearch_;
 	}
 
-	const auto& dict()const
+	inline 
+	bool performedSearchBoundary()const 
+	{
+		return performedSearchBoundary_;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	bool performSearch(uint32 iter, bool force = false)const
+	{
+		if((iter-lastUpdated_) % updateInterval_ == 0 || iter == 0 || force )
+		{
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;		
+	}
+
+	bool enterBroadSearch(const timeInfo& ti, bool force = false)const
+	{
+		return performSearch(ti.iter(), force);
+	}
+
+	virtual 
+	bool enterBroadSearchBoundary(const timeInfo& ti, bool force=false)const = 0;
+
+	inline
+	uint32 updateInterval()const
+	{
+		return updateInterval_;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	const dictionary& dict()const
 	{
 		return dict_;
 	}
 
+	inline
+	const box& extendedDomainBox()const
+	{
+		return extendedDomainBox_;
+	}
 
-	virtual 
+	inline
+	const particles& Particles()const
+	{
+		return particles_;
+	}
+
+	const pointStructure& pStruct()const;
+
+	inline
+	const geometry& Geometry()const
+	{
+		return geometry_;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	Timer& ppTimer()
+	{
+		return ppTimer_;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	Timer& bTimer()
+	{
+		return bTimer_;
+	}
+ 
 	bool broadSearch(
-		PairContainerType& ppPairs,
-		PairContainerType& pwPairs,
-		bool force = false) = 0;
-
-	virtual 
-	bool ppEnterBroadSearch()const = 0;
-
-	virtual 
-	bool pwEnterBroadSearch()const = 0;
-
-	virtual 
-	bool ppPerformedBroadSearch()const = 0;
-
-	virtual 
-	bool pwPerformedBroadSearch()const = 0;
+		const timeInfo& ti,
+		csPairContainerType& ppPairs,
+		csPairContainerType& pwPairs,
+		bool force = false);
 	
+	bool boundaryBroadSearch(
+		uint32 bndryIndex,
+		const timeInfo& ti,
+		csPairContainerType& ppPairs,
+		csPairContainerType& pwPairs,
+		bool force = false);
 
+	virtual 
+	real sizeRatio()const = 0;
+
+	virtual 
+	real cellExtent()const = 0;
+	
 	static 
 	uniquePtr<contactSearch> create(
 		const dictionary& dict,
-		const box& domain,
+		const box& extDomain,
 	 	const particles& prtcl,
 	 	const geometry& geom,
 	 	Timers& timers);
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/contactSearchFunctions.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/contactSearchFunctions.hpp
index 55879c95..96ee9596 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/contactSearchFunctions.hpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/contactSearchFunctions.hpp
@@ -96,17 +96,6 @@ void indexToCell(const indexType idx, const iBox<cellIndexType>& box, triple<cel
 	cell+= box.minPoint();
 }
 
-
-
-
-
-
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-bool sphereSphereCheck(const realx3& p1, const realx3 p2, real d1, real d2)
-{
-	return length(p2-p1) < 0.5*(d2+d1);
-}
-
 }
 
 #endif //__broadSearchFunctions_hpp__
diff --git a/src/Interaction/interaction/interactionTypes.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/contactSearchGlobals.hpp
similarity index 76%
rename from src/Interaction/interaction/interactionTypes.hpp
rename to src/Interaction/contactSearch/contactSearchGlobals.hpp
index 041eddc2..f0235d48 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/interaction/interactionTypes.hpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/contactSearchGlobals.hpp
@@ -18,28 +18,24 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-#ifndef __interactionTypes_hpp__
-#define __interactionTypes_hpp__
-
-
-
 #include "types.hpp"
+#include "unsortedPairs.hpp"
 
+#ifndef __contactSearchGlobals_hpp__
+#define __contactSearchGlobals_hpp__
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
+using csExecutionSpace = DefaultExecutionSpace;
 
-// always use signed types
-using CELL_INDEX_TYPE 	= int32;
+using csIdType = uint32;
 
-using ID_TYPE 			= int32;
+using csPairContainerType   = unsortedPairs<DefaultExecutionSpace, uint32>;
 
-//constexpr int32 minCellIndex = largestNegative<CELL_INDEX_TYPE>();
-
-//constexpr int32 maxCellIndex = largestPositive<CELL_INDEX_TYPE>();
+inline 
+const uint32 BASE_MIRROR_WALL_INDEX = 1000000;
 
 }
 
-
-#endif //__interactionTypes_hpp__
+#endif
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/NBS.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/NBS.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index fb3cc4f8..00000000
--- a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/NBS.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,209 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
-#ifndef __NBS_hpp__
-#define __NBS_hpp__
-
-#include "NBSLevel0.hpp"
-
-namespace pFlow
-{
-
-
-template<typename executionSpace>
-class NBS
-{
-public:
-
-	using NBSLevel0Type	= NBSLevel0<executionSpace>;
-
-	using cellIterator 	= typename NBSLevel0Type::cellIterator;
-
-	using IdType 		= typename NBSLevel0Type::IdType;
-	
-	using IndexType 	= typename NBSLevel0Type::IndexType;
-
-	using Cells 		= typename NBSLevel0Type::Cells;
-
-	using CellType 		= typename Cells::CellType;
-
-	using execution_space 	= typename NBSLevel0Type::execution_space;
-
-	using memory_space 		= typename NBSLevel0Type::memory_space;
-
-
-protected:
-
-	real 		sizeRatio_ = 1.0;
-
-	int32 		updateFrequency_= 1;
-
-	int32 		currentIter_ 	= 0;
-
-	bool 		performedSearch_ = false;
-
-	NBSLevel0Type NBSLevel0_;
-
-private:
-
-	bool performSearch()
-	{
-		if(currentIter_ % updateFrequency_ == 0)
-		{
-			currentIter_++;
-			return true;
-
-		}else
-		{
-			currentIter_++;
-			return false;
-		}
-	}
-
-public:
-
-	TypeInfoNV("NBS");
-
-		NBS(
-			const dictionary& dict,
-			const 	box& domain,
-			real  minSize,
-			real 	maxSize,
-			const 	ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space>& position,
-			const 	ViewType1D<real, memory_space>& diam)
-		:
-			sizeRatio_( 
-				max(
-					dict.getValOrSet<real>("sizeRatio", 1.0),
-					1.0
-					)),
-			updateFrequency_(
-				max( 
-					dict.getValOrSet<int32>("updateFrequency", 1),
-					1
-					)),
-			NBSLevel0_(
-				domain, 
-				maxSize*sizeRatio_,
-				sizeRatio_,
-				position,
-				diam)
-		{}
-			
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		NBS(const NBS&) = default;
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		NBS& operator = (const NBS&) = default;
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		~NBS()=default;
-
-	//// - Methods 
-
-	bool enterBoadSearch()const
-	{
-		return currentIter_%updateFrequency_==0;
-	}
-
-	bool performedSearch()const
-	{
-		return performedSearch_;
-	}
-
-	Vector<cellIterator> getCellIteratorLevels()
-	{
-		return Vector<cellIterator>("cellIterator", 1, NBSLevel0_.getCellIterator());
-	}
-
-	auto getCellIterator(int32 lvl)const
-	{
-		return NBSLevel0_.getCellIterator();
-	}
-
-	int32 numLevels()const
-	{
-		return 1;
-	}
-
-	Vector<Cells> getCellsLevels()const
-	{
-		return Vector<Cells>("Cells", 1, NBSLevel0_.getCells());
-	}
-
-	auto getCells()const
-	{
-		return NBSLevel0_.getCells();
-	}
-
-	bool objectSizeChanged(int32 newSize)
-	{
-		NBSLevel0_.checkAllocateNext(newSize);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	// - Perform the broad search to find pairs
-	//	 with force = true, perform broad search regardless of 
-	//   updateFrequency_ value
-	//   on all the points in the range of [0,numPoints_)
-	template<typename PairsContainer>
-	bool broadSearch(PairsContainer& pairs, range activeRange, bool force=false)
-	{
-		
-		if(force) currentIter_ = 0;
-		performedSearch_ = false;
-
-		if( !performSearch() ) return true;
-		
-		
-		NBSLevel0_.build(activeRange);
-		
-		NBSLevel0_.findPairs(pairs);
-		
-		performedSearch_ = true;		
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	// - Perform the broad search to find pairs,
-	//   ignore particles with incld(i) = true,
-	//	 with force = true, perform broad search regardless of 
-	//   updateFrequency_ value
-	template<typename PairsContainer, typename IncludeFunction>
-	bool broadSearch(PairsContainer& pairs, range activeRange, IncludeFunction incld, bool force = false)
-	{
-		if(force) currentIter_ = 0;
-		performedSearch_ = false;
-
-		if( !performSearch() ) return true;
-
-		NBSLevel0_.build(activeRange, incld);
-	
-		NBSLevel0_.findPairs(pairs);
-		
-		performedSearch_ = true;
-		return true;
-	}
-
-};
-
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/NBSCrossLoop.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/NBSCrossLoop.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index adce7409..00000000
--- a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/NBSCrossLoop.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
-int32 m = this->head_(i,j,k);
-CellType currentCell(i,j,k);
-int32 n = -1;
-
-while( m > -1 )
-{
-	
-	auto p_m = this->pointPosition_[m];	
-	auto d_m = this->sizeRatio_* this->diameter_[m];
-	
-	int32x3 crossIndex = mapIndexLevels(
-		int32x3(i,j,k),
-		level_, 
-		upperLevel.level());
-
-	
-	for(int32 ii = -1; ii<2; ii++)
-	{
-		for(int32 jj=-1; jj<2; jj++)
-		{
-			int32 kk=-1;
-			while( kk < 2)
-			{
-				int32x3 nghbrCI = crossIndex + int32x3(ii,jj,kk);
-				
-				if( upperLevel.isInRange(nghbrCI) )
-				{
-					n = upperLevel.head_(
-						nghbrCI.x(),
-						nghbrCI.y(),
-						nghbrCI.z());
-
-					while( n >-1)
-					{
-						auto p_n = this->pointPosition_[n];
-						auto d_n = this->sizeRatio_*this->diameter_[n];
-
-						if( sphereSphereCheck(p_m, p_n, d_m, d_n) )
-						{
-							auto ln = n;
-							auto lm = m;
-							if(lm>ln) this->Swap(lm,ln);
-							if( auto res = pairs.insert(lm,ln); res <0)
-							{
-								getFullUpdate++;
-							}
-						}
-
-						n = this->next_[n];
-					}
-
-				}
-
-				kk++;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	m = this->next_[m];
-}
-
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/NBSLevel.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/NBSLevel.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index f355d566..00000000
--- a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/NBSLevel.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef __NBSLevel_hpp__
-#define __NBSLevel_hpp__
-
-
-#include "NBSLevel0.hpp"
-
-
-namespace pFlow
-{
-
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-int32x3 mapIndexLevels(const int32x3& ind, int32 lowerLevel, int32 upperLevel);
-
-template<typename executionSpace>
-class
-NBSLevel
-:
-	public NBSLevel0<executionSpace>
-{
-public:
-
-	using NBSLevel0Type	= NBSLevel0<executionSpace>;
-
-	using cellIterator 	= typename NBSLevel0Type::cellIterator;
-
-	using IdType 		= typename NBSLevel0Type::IdType;
-	
-	using IndexType 	= typename NBSLevel0Type::IndexType;
-
-	using Cells 		= typename NBSLevel0Type::Cells;
-
-	using CellType 		= typename Cells::CellType;
-
-	using execution_space 	= typename NBSLevel0Type::execution_space;
-
-	using memory_space 		= typename NBSLevel0Type::memory_space;
-
-	using mdrPolicyFindPairs = typename NBSLevel0Type::mdrPolicyFindPairs;
-
-	using HeadType 			= typename NBSLevel0Type::HeadType;
-
-	using NextType 			= typename NBSLevel0Type::NextType;
-
-	template<typename exeSpace>
-	friend class NBSLevels;
-
-protected:
-
-	int32 									level_ = 0;
-
-	
-public:
-	
-	TypeInfoNV("NBSLevel0");
-
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	NBSLevel(){}
-
-	NBSLevel(
-		int32 	lvl,
-		const 	box& domain,
-		real 	cellSize,
-		real 	sizeRatio,
-		const 	ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space>& position,
-		const 	ViewType1D<real, memory_space>& diam)
-	:
-		NBSLevel0Type(
-			domain,
-			cellSize,
-			sizeRatio,
-			position,
-			diam,
-			lvl==0),
-		level_(lvl)
-	{}
-
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	NBSLevel(const NBSLevel&) = default;
-	
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	NBSLevel& operator = (const NBSLevel&) = default;
-
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	~NBSLevel() = default;
-
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	auto level()const
-	{
-		return level_;
-	}
-
-	template<typename PairsContainer>	
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	int32 findPairsCountCross(PairsContainer& pairs, NBSLevel& upperLevel)
-	{
-
-		mdrPolicyFindPairs
-			mdrPolicy(
-				{0,0,0},
-				{this->nx(),this->ny(),this->nz()} );
-
-		int32 notInsertedPairs;
-
-		Kokkos::parallel_reduce	(
-			"NBSLevel::findPairsCountCross",
-			mdrPolicy,
-			CLASS_LAMBDA_HD(int32 i, int32 j, int32 k, int32& getFullUpdate){
-				#include "NBSCrossLoop.hpp"
-			}, notInsertedPairs);
-			
-		return notInsertedPairs;	
-	}
-	 
-	
-};
-
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-int32x3 mapIndexLevels( const int32x3& ind, int32 lowerLevel, int32 upperLevel)
-{
-	int32 a = pow(2, static_cast<int32>(upperLevel-lowerLevel));
-	return ind/a;
-}
-
-
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/NBSLevel0.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/NBSLevel0.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index d9ae2f83..00000000
--- a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/NBSLevel0.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,240 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
-#ifndef __NBSLevel0_hpp__
-#define __NBSLevel0_hpp__
-
-#include "mapperNBS.hpp"
-
-namespace pFlow
-{
-
-
-template<typename executionSpace>
-class NBSLevel0
-:
-	public mapperNBS<executionSpace>
-{
-public:
-
-	using MapperType 		= mapperNBS<executionSpace>;
-
-	using cellIterator  	= typename MapperType::cellIterator;
-
-	using IdType 			= typename MapperType::IdType;
-	
-	using IndexType 		= typename MapperType::IndexType;
-
-	using Cells 			= typename MapperType::Cells;
-
-	using CellType 			= typename Cells::CellType;
-
-	using execution_space 	= typename MapperType::execution_space;
-
-	using memory_space 		= typename MapperType::memory_space;
-
-	using HeadType 			= typename MapperType::HeadType;
-
-	using NextType 			= typename MapperType::NextType;	
-
-	struct TagFindPairs{};
-
-
-protected:
-
-	real 			sizeRatio_ 		= 1.0;
-
-	// borrowed ownership
-	ViewType1D<real, memory_space>			diameter_;
-
-
-	using mdrPolicyFindPairs = 
-		Kokkos::MDRangePolicy<
-			Kokkos::Rank<3>,
-			Kokkos::Schedule<Kokkos::Dynamic>,
-			execution_space>;
-
-	static INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	void Swap(int32& x, int32& y)
-	{
-		int32 tmp = x;
-		x = y;
-		y = tmp;
-	}
-
-public:
-
-	TypeInfoNV("NBSLevel0");
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		NBSLevel0(){}
-
-		NBSLevel0(
-			const 	box& domain,
-			real 		cellSize,
-			const 	ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space>& position,
-			const 	ViewType1D<real, memory_space>& diam)
-		:
-			MapperType(domain, cellSize, position),
-			diameter_(diam)
-		{}
-
-		NBSLevel0(
-			const 	box& domain,
-			int32 	nx,
-			int32 	ny,
-			int32 	nz,
-			const 	ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space>& position,
-			const 	ViewType1D<real, memory_space>& diam)
-		:
-			MapperType(domain, nx, ny, nz, position),
-			diameter_(diam)
-		{	}
-
-		NBSLevel0(
-			const 	box& domain,
-			real 		cellSize,
-			real 		sizeRatio,
-			const 	ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space>& position,
-			const 	ViewType1D<real, memory_space>& diam,
-			bool 		nextOwner = true)
-		:
-			MapperType(domain, cellSize, position, nextOwner),
-			sizeRatio_(sizeRatio),
-			diameter_(diam)
-		{}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		NBSLevel0(const NBSLevel0&) = default;
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		NBSLevel0& operator = (const NBSLevel0&) = default;
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		~NBSLevel0()=default;
-
-
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	auto sizeRatio()const
-	{
-		return sizeRatio_;
-	}
-
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	auto& diameter()
-	{
-		return diameter_;
-	}
-
-	// - Perform the broad search to find pairs
-	//	 with force = true, perform broad search regardless of 
-	//   updateFrequency_ value
-	//   on all the points in the range of [0,numPoints_)
-	template<typename PairsContainer>
-	bool broadSearch(PairsContainer& pairs, range activeRange)
-	{
-		
-		
-		this->build(activeRange);
-		
-		findPairs(pairs);
-			
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	// - Perform the broad search to find pairs,
-	//   ignore particles with incld(i) = true,
-	//	 with force = true, perform broad search regardless of 
-	//   updateFrequency_ value
-	template<typename PairsContainer, typename IncludeFunction>
-	bool broadSearch(PairsContainer& pairs, range activeRange, IncludeFunction incld)
-	{
-		
-		this->build(activeRange, incld);
-	
-		findPairs(pairs);
-		
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	template<typename PairsContainer>	
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	bool findPairs(PairsContainer& pairs)
-	{
-		
-
-		int32 getFull = 1;
-		
-		
-		// loop until the container size fits the numebr of contact pairs
-		while (getFull > 0)
-		{
-
-			getFull = findPairsCount(pairs);		
-		
-			if(getFull)
-			{
-				// - resize the container
-				//   note that getFull now shows the number of failed insertions.
-				uint32 len = max(getFull,500) ;
-				
-				auto oldCap = pairs.capacity();
-				
-				pairs.increaseCapacityBy(len);
-
-				INFORMATION<< "The contact pair container capacity increased from "<<
-				oldCap << " to "<<pairs.capacity()<<" in NBSLevel0."<<endINFO;
-				
-			}
-
-			Kokkos::fence();
-		}
-		
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	template<typename PairsContainer>	
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	int32 findPairsCount(PairsContainer& pairs)
-	{
-		mdrPolicyFindPairs
-			mdrPolicy(
-				{0,0,0},
-				{this->nx(),this->ny(),this->nz()} );
-
-		int32 notInsertedPairs;
-			
-		Kokkos::parallel_reduce	(
-			"NBSLevel0::findPairs",
-			mdrPolicy,
-			CLASS_LAMBDA_HD(int32 i, int32 j, int32 k, int32& getFullUpdate){
-				#include "NBSLoop.hpp"
-			}, notInsertedPairs);
-			
-		return notInsertedPairs;
-			
-	}
-
-};
-
-} // pFlow
-
-#endif // __NBSLevel0_hpp__
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/NBSLevels.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/NBSLevels.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 30603bd3..00000000
--- a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/NBSLevels.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,438 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef __NBSLevels_hpp__
-#define __NBSLevels_hpp__
-
-#include "NBSLevel.hpp"
-#include "NBSLevel0.hpp"
-#include "KokkosTypes.hpp"
-
-namespace pFlow
-{
-
-template<typename executionSpace>
-class NBSLevels
-{
-
-public:
-
-	using NBSLevelType 	= NBSLevel<executionSpace>;
-
-	using cellIterator 	= typename NBSLevelType::cellIterator;
-
-	using IdType 		= typename NBSLevelType::IdType;
-	
-	using IndexType 	= typename NBSLevelType::IndexType;
-
-	using Cells 		= typename NBSLevelType::Cells;
-
-	using CellType 		= typename Cells::CellType;
-
-	using execution_space 	= typename NBSLevelType::execution_space;
-
-	using memory_space 		= typename NBSLevelType::memory_space;
-
-	using realRange 	= kPair<real,real>;
-
-protected:
-	
-	real 		minSize_;
-
-	real 		maxSize_;
-	
-	int32 		numLevels_=1;
-
-	Vector<NBSLevelType> 					nbsLevels_;
-
-	ViewType1D<realRange, memory_space> 	sizeRangeLevels_;
-
-	ViewType1D<realRange, HostSpace> 		sizeRangeLevelsHost_;
-
-	ViewType1D<real, memory_space> 			maxSizeLevels_;
-
-	ViewType1D<real, HostSpace> 			maxSizeLevelsHost_;
-
-	ViewType1D<int8, memory_space> 			particleLevel_;
-
-	range 									activeRange_{0,0};
-
-	using rangePolicyType	=
-		Kokkos::RangePolicy<
-			Kokkos::IndexType<int32>,
-			Kokkos::Schedule<Kokkos::Static>,
-			execution_space>;
-
-	int32 setNumLevels()
-	{
-
-		int32 maxOvermin = static_cast<int32>(maxSize_/minSize_);
-
-		if (maxOvermin <=1)
-			return 1;
-		else if(maxOvermin<=3)
-			return 2;
-		else if(maxOvermin<=7)
-			return 3;
-		else if(maxOvermin<15)
-			return 4;
-		else if(maxOvermin<31)
-			return 5;
-		else if(maxOvermin<63)
-			return 6;
-		else if(maxOvermin <127)
-			return 7;
-		else
-		{
-			fatalErrorInFunction<<
-			"size ratio is not valid for multi-grid NBS "<< maxOvermin<<endl;
-			fatalExit;
-		}
-
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	bool setDiameterRange(real sizeRatio)
-	{
-		real lvl_maxD  = sizeRatio* maxSize_;
-		real lvl_minD  = lvl_maxD/2.0;		
-
-		for(int32 lvl=numLevels_-1; lvl>=0; lvl--)
-		{
-
-			if(lvl == 0 ) lvl_minD = 0.01*minSize_;
-			
-			sizeRangeLevelsHost_[lvl] = {lvl_minD, lvl_maxD};
-			maxSizeLevelsHost_[lvl] = lvl_maxD;
-			lvl_maxD = lvl_minD;
-			lvl_minD /= 2.0;
-		}
-		
-		copy(sizeRangeLevels_, sizeRangeLevelsHost_);
-		copy(maxSizeLevels_, maxSizeLevelsHost_);
-
-		REPORT(2)<<"Grids with "<< yellowText(numLevels_)<< " levels have been created."<<endREPORT;
-		for(int32 lvl=0; lvl<numLevels_; lvl++)
-		{
-			REPORT(3)<<"Cell gird No "<< yellowText(lvl)<<" with size range ("
-				<<sizeRangeLevelsHost_[lvl].first<<","<<sizeRangeLevelsHost_[lvl].second<<"]."<<endREPORT;
-		}
-		
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	bool initLevels(
-		const 	box& domain,
-		real 	sizeRatio,
-		const 	ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space>& position,
-		const 	ViewType1D<real, memory_space>& diam)
-	{
-		
-
-		for(int32 lvl = 0; lvl<numLevels_; lvl++)
-		{
-			nbsLevels_[lvl] = NBSLevelType(
-				lvl, 
-				domain, 
-				maxSizeLevelsHost_[lvl]*sizeRatio,
-				sizeRatio,
-				position,
-				diam );
-		}
-
-		auto next0 = nbsLevels_[0].next();
-		for(int32 lvl=1; lvl<numLevels_; lvl++)
-		{
-			nbsLevels_[lvl].setNext(next0);
-		}
-
-		return true;
-	}
-
-
-	void manageAllocateNext(range active)
-	{
-		activeRange_ = active;
-
-		if(activeRange_.second > nbsLevels_[0].capacity())
-		{
-			nbsLevels_[0].checkAllocateNext(activeRange_.second);
-
-			auto next0 = nbsLevels_[0].next();
-
-			for(int32 lvl=1; lvl<numLevels_; lvl++)
-			{
-				nbsLevels_[lvl].setNext(next0);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	void nullify( range active)
-	{
-		for(int32 lvl=0; lvl<numLevels_; lvl++)
-		{
-			nbsLevels_[lvl].nullify(active);
-		}
-	}
-
-public:
-
-	NBSLevels(
-		const 	box& domain,
-		real 	minSize,
-		real 	maxSize,
-		real 	sizeRatio,
-		const 	ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space>& position,
-		const 	ViewType1D<real, memory_space>& diam)
-	:
-	minSize_(minSize),
-	maxSize_(maxSize),
-	numLevels_(setNumLevels()),
-	nbsLevels_("nbsLevels", numLevels_, numLevels_, RESERVE()),
-	sizeRangeLevels_("sizeRangeLevels", numLevels_),
-	sizeRangeLevelsHost_("sizeRangeLevelsHost", numLevels_),
-	maxSizeLevels_("maxSizeLevels", numLevels_),
-	maxSizeLevelsHost_("maxSizeLevelsHost", numLevels_)
-	{
-
-		setDiameterRange(sizeRatio);
-
-		initLevels(domain, sizeRatio, position, diam);
-	}
-
-	auto getCellIterator(int32 lvl)const
-	{
-		return nbsLevels_[lvl].getCellIterator();
-	}
-
-	int32 numLevels()const
-	{
-		return numLevels_;
-	}
-
-	Cells getCells(int32 lvl)const
-	{
-		return nbsLevels_[lvl].getCells();
-	}
-
-	template<typename PairsContainer>	
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	bool findPairs(PairsContainer& pairs)
-	{
-		
-		int32 getFull = 1;
-		
-		// loop until the container size fits the numebr of contact pairs
-		while (getFull > 0)
-		{
-
-			getFull = findPairsCount(pairs);		
-		
-			if(getFull)
-			{
-				// - resize the container
-				//   note that getFull now shows the number of failed insertions.
-				uint32 len = max(getFull,100) ;
-				
-				auto oldCap = pairs.capacity();
-				
-				pairs.increaseCapacityBy(len);
-
-				INFORMATION<< "The contact pair container capacity increased from "<<
-				oldCap << " to "<<pairs.capacity()<<" in NBSLevels."<<endINFO;
-				
-			}
-
-			Kokkos::fence();
-		}
-		
-		return true;
-	}
-
-
-	template<typename PairsContainer>	
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	int32 findPairsCount(PairsContainer& pairs)
-	{
-
-		int32 notInsertedCount = 0;
-
-		for(int32 lvl=0; lvl<numLevels_; lvl++)
-		{
-			
-			// the same level
-			notInsertedCount+= nbsLevels_[lvl].findPairsCount(pairs);
-			
-			for(int32 crsLvl = lvl+1; crsLvl<numLevels_; crsLvl++)
-			{
-				// cross levels 
-				notInsertedCount+= 
-					nbsLevels_[lvl].findPairsCountCross(pairs, nbsLevels_[crsLvl]);
-				
-			}
-		}
-		
-		return notInsertedCount;
-	}
-
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	void build(range activeRange)
-	{
-				
-		// nullify next and heads
-		findParticleLevel(activeRange.first, activeRange.second);
-		manageAllocateNext(activeRange);
-		nullify(activeRange);
-		
-		//
-
-		rangePolicyType rPolicy(activeRange.first, activeRange.second);
-		
-		auto nbsLevel0 = nbsLevels_[0];
-		auto pointPosition = nbsLevel0.pointPosition();
-		auto particleLevel = particleLevel_;
-		auto next = nbsLevel0.next();
-		auto head0 = nbsLevel0.head();
-		
-		typename NBSLevelType::HeadType head1, head2, head3, head4, head5, head6;
-
-		if(numLevels_>1) head1 = nbsLevels_[1].head();
-		if(numLevels_>2) head2 = nbsLevels_[2].head();
-		if(numLevels_>3) head3 = nbsLevels_[3].head();
-		if(numLevels_>4) head4 = nbsLevels_[4].head();
-		if(numLevels_>5) head5 = nbsLevels_[5].head();
-		if(numLevels_>6) head6 = nbsLevels_[6].head();
-
-
-		
-		Kokkos::parallel_for(
-			"NBSLevels::build",
-			rPolicy,
-			LAMBDA_HD(int32 i){
-				
-				int8 lvl = particleLevel[i];
-				auto ind = nbsLevel0.pointIndex(pointPosition[i]);
-				ind = mapIndexLevels(ind, 0, lvl);
-				int32 old;
-				if(lvl==0)
-					old =Kokkos::atomic_exchange(&head0(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()),i);
-				else if(lvl==1)
-					old =Kokkos::atomic_exchange(&head1(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()),i);
-				else if(lvl==2)
-					old =Kokkos::atomic_exchange(&head2(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()),i);
-				else if(lvl==3)
-					old =Kokkos::atomic_exchange(&head3(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()),i);
-				else if(lvl==4)
-					old =Kokkos::atomic_exchange(&head4(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()),i);
-				else if(lvl==5)
-					old =Kokkos::atomic_exchange(&head5(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()),i);
-				else if(lvl==6)
-					old =Kokkos::atomic_exchange(&head6(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()),i);
-
-				next(i) = old;
-			});
-
-		Kokkos::fence();
-	}
-
-	template<typename IncludeFunction>
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	void build(range activeRange, IncludeFunction incld)
-	{
-		// nullify next and heads
-		findParticleLevel(activeRange.first, activeRange.second);
-		manageAllocateNext(activeRange);
-		nullify(activeRange);
-		
-
-		rangePolicyType rPolicy(activeRange.first, activeRange.second);
-
-		auto nbsLevel0 = nbsLevels_[0];
-		auto pointPosition = nbsLevel0.pointPosition();
-		auto particleLevel = particleLevel_;
-		auto next = nbsLevel0.next();
-		auto head0 = nbsLevel0.head();
-
-		typename NBSLevelType::HeadType head1, head2, head3, head4, head5, head6;
-
-		if(numLevels_>1) head1 = nbsLevels_[1].head();
-		if(numLevels_>2) head2 = nbsLevels_[2].head();
-		if(numLevels_>3) head3 = nbsLevels_[3].head();
-		if(numLevels_>4) head4 = nbsLevels_[4].head();
-		if(numLevels_>5) head5 = nbsLevels_[5].head();
-		if(numLevels_>6) head6 = nbsLevels_[6].head();
-
-		Kokkos::parallel_for(
-			"NBSLevels::build",
-			rPolicy,
-			LAMBDA_HD(int32 i){
-				if(!incld(i)) return;
-				
-				int8 lvl = particleLevel[i];
-				auto ind = nbsLevel0.pointIndex(pointPosition[i]);
-				
-				ind = mapIndexLevels(ind, 0, lvl);
-				int32 old;
-				if(lvl==0)
-					old =Kokkos::atomic_exchange(&head0(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()),i);
-				else if(lvl==1)
-					old =Kokkos::atomic_exchange(&head1(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()),i);
-				else if(lvl==2)
-					old =Kokkos::atomic_exchange(&head2(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()),i);
-				else if(lvl==3)
-					old =Kokkos::atomic_exchange(&head3(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()),i);
-				else if(lvl==4)
-					old =Kokkos::atomic_exchange(&head4(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()),i);
-				else if(lvl==5)
-					old =Kokkos::atomic_exchange(&head5(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()),i);
-				else if(lvl==6)
-					old =Kokkos::atomic_exchange(&head6(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()),i);
-				
-				next(i) = old;
-				
-			});
-
-		Kokkos::fence();
-
-	}
-
-	bool findParticleLevel(int32 first, int32 last)
-	{
-
-		if(last > particleLevel_.size())
-		{
-			reallocNoInit(particleLevel_,last);
-		}
-
-		auto diameter  = nbsLevels_[0].diameter();
-		auto const maxSizes = maxSizeLevels_;
-		auto particleLevel = particleLevel_;
-		auto const sizeRatio = 0.999*nbsLevels_[0].sizeRatio();
-
-		int8 maxLvl = sizeRangeLevels_.size();
-
-		rangePolicyType rPolicy(first, last);
-
-		Kokkos::parallel_for(
-			"NBSLevels::findParticleLevel",
-			rPolicy,
-			LAMBDA_HD(int32 i)
-			{
-				for(int8 lvl = 0; lvl<maxLvl; lvl++)
-				{
-					if( sizeRatio*diameter[i]<= maxSizes[lvl] )
-					{
-						particleLevel[i] = lvl;
-						return;
-					}
-				}
-				particleLevel[i] = static_cast<int8>(-1);
-			});
-		Kokkos::fence();
-
-		return true;
-	}
-
-
-}; //NBSLevels
-
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/NBSLoop.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/NBSLoop.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 8aed3e26..00000000
--- a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/NBSLoop.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
-int32 m = this->head_(i,j,k);
-CellType currentCell(i,j,k);
-int32 n = -1;
-
-while( m > -1 )
-{
-	
-	auto p_m = this->pointPosition_[m];	
-	auto d_m = sizeRatio_* diameter_[m];
-	
-	// the same cell
-	n = this->next_(m);
-	
-	while(n >-1)
-	{
-		
-		auto p_n = this->pointPosition_[n];
-		auto d_n = sizeRatio_*diameter_[n];
-		
-		if( sphereSphereCheck(p_m, p_n, d_m, d_n) )
-		{
-			auto ln = n;
-			auto lm = m;
-
-			if(lm>ln) Swap(lm,ln);
-			if( auto res = pairs.insert(lm,ln); res <0)
-			{
-				getFullUpdate++;
-			}
-		}
-		
-		n = this->next_(n);
-	}
-
-	// neighbor cells
-	CellType neighborCell;
-	for(int32 ni=0; ni<13; ni++)
-	{
-		if(ni==0)		neighborCell = currentCell + CellType( 0, 0,-1);
-		else if(ni==1)	neighborCell = currentCell + CellType(-1, 0,-1);
-		else if(ni==2)	neighborCell = currentCell + CellType(-1, 0, 0); 
-		else if(ni==3)	neighborCell = currentCell + CellType(-1, 0, 1); 
-		else if(ni==4)	neighborCell = currentCell + CellType( 0,-1,-1); 
-		else if(ni==5)	neighborCell = currentCell + CellType( 0,-1, 0); 
-		else if(ni==6)	neighborCell = currentCell + CellType( 0,-1, 1); 
-		else if(ni==7)	neighborCell = currentCell + CellType(-1,-1,-1); 
-		else if(ni==8)	neighborCell = currentCell + CellType(-1,-1, 0); 
-		else if(ni==9)	neighborCell = currentCell + CellType(-1,-1, 1);
-		else if(ni==10)	neighborCell = currentCell + CellType( 1,-1,-1);  
-		else if(ni==11)	neighborCell = currentCell + CellType( 1,-1, 0);  
-		else if(ni==12)	neighborCell = currentCell + CellType( 1,-1, 1);  
-		 
-		if( this->isInRange(neighborCell) )
-		{
-			
-			n = this->head_(neighborCell.x(), neighborCell.y(), neighborCell.z());
-			while( n>-1)
-			{
-				
-				auto p_n = this->pointPosition_[n];
-				auto d_n = sizeRatio_*diameter_[n];
-				
-				if(sphereSphereCheck(p_m, p_n, d_m, d_n))
-				{
-					auto ln = n;
-					auto lm = m;
-					if(lm>ln) Swap(lm,ln);
-					if( auto res = pairs.insert(lm,ln); res <0)
-					{
-						getFullUpdate++;
-					}
-				}
-				n = this->next_[n];
-			}
-		}
-
-	}
-	m = this->next_[m];
-}
-
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/NBS.cpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/NBS.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..733313b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/NBS.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "NBS.hpp"
+
+pFlow::NBS::NBS
+(
+    const dictionary& dict,
+	const box& domainBox,
+	real  	minBSSize,
+	real 	maxBSSize,
+	const deviceViewType1D<realx3> &position, 
+	const pFlagTypeDevice &flags, 
+	const deviceViewType1D<real> &diam, 
+	uint32 					nWallPoints,
+	uint32 					nWallElements,
+	const ViewType1D<realx3,memory_space>& 		wallPoints, 
+	const ViewType1D<uint32x3,memory_space>& 	wallVertices,
+  const ViewType1D<realx3,memory_space>& 		wallNormals 
+)
+: 
+    particleWallContactSearchs<NBS>(
+        dict,
+        domainBox,
+        minBSSize,
+        maxBSSize,
+        position,
+        flags,
+        diam),
+    sizeRatio_(max(dict.getVal<real>("sizeRatio"), 1.0)),
+    cellExtent_(max(dict.getVal<real>("cellExtent"), 0.5)),
+    adjustableBox_(dict.getVal<Logical>("adjustableBox")),
+    NBSLevel0_
+	(
+        this->domainBox_,
+        maxBSSize,
+        sizeRatio_,
+        position,
+        flags,
+        adjustableBox_()
+	),
+	cellsWallLevel0_
+	(
+		cellExtent_,
+		nWallPoints,
+		nWallElements,
+		wallPoints,
+		wallVertices,
+    wallNormals
+	)
+{
+}
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/NBS.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/NBS.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9cd5ab6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/NBS.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+
+#ifndef __NBS_hpp__
+#define __NBS_hpp__
+
+#include "particleWallContactSearchs.hpp"
+#include "NBSLevel0.hpp"
+#include "cellsWallLevel0.hpp"
+#include "Vector.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+
+class NBS
+:
+	public particleWallContactSearchs<NBS>
+{
+public:
+
+	using CellIterator 	= typename NBSLevel0::CellIterator;
+
+private:
+	
+	real 		sizeRatio_ = 1.0;
+
+	real 		cellExtent_ = 0.5;
+
+	Logical 	adjustableBox_;
+
+	NBSLevel0 	NBSLevel0_;	
+
+	cellsWallLevel0 cellsWallLevel0_;
+
+protected:
+
+	friend 		particleWallContactSearchs<NBS>;
+	
+	bool impl_broadSearch
+	(
+		csPairContainerType& ppPairs,
+		csPairContainerType& pwPairs,
+		const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& pointPos,
+    	const pFlagTypeDevice& flags,
+    	const deviceViewType1D<real>& diameter
+	)
+	{
+		bool searchBoxChanged;
+		if( !NBSLevel0_.broadSearch(
+			ppPairs, 
+			pointPos, 
+			flags, 
+			diameter, 
+			searchBoxChanged))
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"Error in broadSearch for NBS (particle-particle)"<<endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if(!cellsWallLevel0_.broadSearch(
+			pwPairs,
+			NBSLevel0_.getSearchCells(),
+			NBSLevel0_.getCellIterator(),
+			pointPos,
+			diameter,
+			sizeRatio_))
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"Error in broadSearch for NBS (particle-wall)"<<endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+public:
+
+	TypeInfoNV("NBS");
+
+		NBS(
+			const dictionary& dict,
+			const box& domainBox,
+			real  	minBSSize,
+			real 	maxBSSize,
+			const deviceViewType1D<realx3> &position, 
+    		const pFlagTypeDevice &flags, 
+    		const deviceViewType1D<real> &diam, 
+			uint32 					nWallPoints,
+			uint32 					nWallElements,
+			const ViewType1D<realx3,memory_space>& 		wallPoints, 
+			const ViewType1D<uint32x3,memory_space>& 	wallVertices,
+			const ViewType1D<realx3,memory_space>& 		wallNormals );
+		
+			
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		NBS(const NBS&) = default;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		NBS(NBS&&) = default;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		NBS& operator = (const NBS&) = default;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		NBS& operator = (NBS&&) = default;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		~NBS()=default;
+
+
+	//// - Methods 
+
+		uint32 numLevels()const
+		{
+			return 1;
+		}
+		
+		real sizeRatio()const
+		{
+			return sizeRatio_;
+		}
+
+		real cellExtent()const
+		{
+			return cellExtent_;
+		}
+
+		auto getCellIterator([[maybe_unused]] uint32 lvl)const
+		{
+			return NBSLevel0_.getCellIterator();
+		}
+
+		Vector<cells> getDomainCellsLevels()const
+		{
+			return Vector<cells>("Cells", 1, NBSLevel0_.getDomainCells());
+		}
+
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/NBSLevel0.cpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/NBSLevel0.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8e43c35f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/NBSLevel0.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "NBSLevel0.hpp"
+#include "streams.hpp"
+
+bool pFlow::NBSLevel0::findPairs
+(
+	csPairContainerType &pairs, 
+	const deviceViewType1D<realx3> &pointPos, 
+	const pFlagTypeDevice &flags, 
+	const deviceViewType1D<real> &diameter
+)
+{
+	uint32 getFull = 1;
+	
+	// loop until the container size fits the numebr of contact pairs
+	while (getFull > 0)
+	{
+
+		getFull = pFlow::NBSLevel0Kernels::findPairsCount
+		(
+			pairs,
+			sizeRatio_,
+			pointPos,
+			flags,
+			diameter, 
+			getCellIterator()
+		);
+	
+		if(getFull)
+		{
+			// - resize the container
+			//   note that getFull now shows the number of failed insertions.
+			uint32 len = max(getFull,500u) ;
+			
+			auto oldCap = pairs.capacity();
+			
+			pairs.increaseCapacityBy(len);
+
+			INFORMATION<< "The contact pair container capacity increased from "<<
+			oldCap << " to "<<pairs.capacity()<<" in NBSLevel0."<<END_INFO;
+			
+		}
+
+	}
+	
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+pFlow::NBSLevel0::NBSLevel0
+(
+    const 	box& domain,
+    real 	cellSize,
+    real  sizeRatio,
+    const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& pointPos,
+    const pFlagTypeDevice& flags,
+    bool 	adjustableBox
+)
+:
+    mapperNBS
+    (
+        domain,
+        cellSize,
+        pointPos,
+        flags,
+        adjustableBox,
+        true
+    ),
+    sizeRatio_(sizeRatio)
+{
+    
+}
+
+bool pFlow::NBSLevel0::broadSearch
+(
+	csPairContainerType &pairs, 
+	const deviceViewType1D<realx3> &pointPos, 
+	const pFlagTypeDevice &flags, 
+	const deviceViewType1D<real> &diameter,
+	bool& searchBoxChanged
+)
+{	
+	if(!build(pointPos, flags, searchBoxChanged))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if(!findPairs(pairs, pointPos, flags, diameter))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/NBSLevel0.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/NBSLevel0.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2f87c151
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/NBSLevel0.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+
+#ifndef __NBSLevel0_hpp__
+#define __NBSLevel0_hpp__
+
+#include "NBSLevel0Kernels.hpp"
+#include "mapperNBS.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+
+class NBSLevel0
+:
+	public mapperNBS
+{
+public:
+
+	using MapperType 		= mapperNBS;
+
+	using CellIterator  	= typename MapperType::CellIterator;
+
+	using HeadType 			= typename MapperType::HeadType;
+
+	using NextType 			= typename MapperType::NextType;	
+
+	
+private:
+
+	real 		sizeRatio_ = 1.0;
+
+	bool findPairs
+	(
+		csPairContainerType& pairs,
+		const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& pointPos,
+    	const pFlagTypeDevice& flags,
+    	const deviceViewType1D<real>& diameter
+	);
+
+public:
+
+	TypeInfoNV("NBSLevel0");
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		NBSLevel0() = default;
+
+		NBSLevel0(
+			const 	box& domain,
+			real 	cellSize,
+			real 	sizeRatio,
+			const 	deviceViewType1D<realx3>& pointPos,
+			const 	pFlagTypeDevice& flags,
+			bool 	adjustableBox);
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		NBSLevel0(const NBSLevel0&) = default;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		NBSLevel0& operator = (const NBSLevel0&) = default;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		~NBSLevel0()=default;
+
+
+	bool broadSearch(
+		csPairContainerType& pairs,
+		const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& pointPos,
+    	const pFlagTypeDevice& flags,
+    	const deviceViewType1D<real>& diameter,
+		bool& searchBoxChanged);
+		
+	
+	
+
+};
+
+} // pFlow
+
+#endif // __NBSLevel0_hpp__
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/NBSLevel0Kernels.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/NBSLevel0Kernels.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..31df063c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/NBSLevel0Kernels.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "mapperNBS.hpp"
+#include "contactSearchGlobals.hpp"
+
+#include "streams.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow::NBSLevel0Kernels
+{
+
+using mdrPolicyFindPairs = 
+		Kokkos::MDRangePolicy<
+			Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>,
+			Kokkos::Rank<3>,
+			Kokkos::Schedule<Kokkos::Dynamic>,
+			DefaultExecutionSpace>;
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+void Swap(T& x, T& y)
+{
+	T tmp = x;
+	x = y;
+	y = tmp;
+}
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+bool sphereSphereCheck(const realx3& p1, const realx3 p2, real d1, real d2)
+{
+	return length(p2-p1) < 0.5*(d2+d1);
+}
+
+inline
+uint32 findPairsCount
+(
+    csPairContainerType& pairs,
+    real 	sizeRatio,
+    const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& pointPos,
+    const pFlagTypeDevice& flags,
+    const deviceViewType1D<real>& diameter,
+    mapperNBS::CellIterator cellIter
+)
+{
+
+	auto nCells = cellIter.numCells();
+	
+	mdrPolicyFindPairs
+			mdrPolicy(
+				{0,0,0},
+				{nCells.x(), nCells.y(), nCells.z()} );
+
+	uint32 notInsertedPairs = 0u;
+	
+		
+	Kokkos::parallel_reduce	(
+		"pFlow::NBSLevel0Kernels::findPairsCount",
+		mdrPolicy,
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i, uint32 j, uint32 k, uint32& getFullUpdate){
+			#include "NBSLoop.hpp"
+		}, notInsertedPairs);
+		
+	return notInsertedPairs;
+}
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/NBSLoop.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/NBSLoop.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ecbc63e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/NBSLoop.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+
+uint32 m = cellIter.start(i,j,k);
+int32x3 currentCell(i,j,k);
+uint32 n = mapperNBS::NoPos;
+
+while( m !=  mapperNBS::NoPos)
+{
+	
+	auto p_m = pointPos[m];	
+	auto d_m = sizeRatio* diameter[m];
+	
+	// the same cell
+	n = cellIter.getNext(m);
+	
+	while(n != mapperNBS::NoPos)
+	{
+		auto p_n = pointPos[n];
+		auto d_n = sizeRatio*diameter[n];
+		
+		if( sphereSphereCheck(p_m, p_n, d_m, d_n) )
+		{
+			auto ln = n;
+			auto lm = m;
+
+			if(lm>ln) Swap(lm,ln);
+			if( pairs.insert(lm,ln) == static_cast<uint32>(-1))
+			{
+				getFullUpdate++;
+			}
+		}
+		
+		n = cellIter.getNext(n);;
+	}
+
+	// neighbor cells
+	int32x3 neighborCell;
+	for(uint32 ni=0u; ni<13; ni++)
+	{
+		if(ni==0)		neighborCell = currentCell + int32x3( 0, 0,-1);
+		else if(ni==1)	neighborCell = currentCell + int32x3(-1, 0,-1);
+		else if(ni==2)	neighborCell = currentCell + int32x3(-1, 0, 0); 
+		else if(ni==3)	neighborCell = currentCell + int32x3(-1, 0, 1); 
+		else if(ni==4)	neighborCell = currentCell + int32x3( 0,-1,-1); 
+		else if(ni==5)	neighborCell = currentCell + int32x3( 0,-1, 0); 
+		else if(ni==6)	neighborCell = currentCell + int32x3( 0,-1, 1); 
+		else if(ni==7)	neighborCell = currentCell + int32x3(-1,-1,-1); 
+		else if(ni==8)	neighborCell = currentCell + int32x3(-1,-1, 0); 
+		else if(ni==9)	neighborCell = currentCell + int32x3(-1,-1, 1);
+		else if(ni==10)	neighborCell = currentCell + int32x3( 1,-1,-1);  
+		else if(ni==11)	neighborCell = currentCell + int32x3( 1,-1, 0);  
+		else if(ni==12)	neighborCell = currentCell + int32x3( 1,-1, 1);  
+		 
+		if( neighborCell.x()>=0 && neighborCell.y()>=0 && neighborCell.z()>=0 &&
+			neighborCell.x()<nCells.x() && neighborCell.y()<nCells.y() && neighborCell.z()<nCells.z() )
+		{
+			
+			n = cellIter.start(neighborCell.x(), neighborCell.y(), neighborCell.z());
+			while(n != mapperNBS::NoPos)
+			{
+				
+				auto p_n = pointPos[n];
+				auto d_n = sizeRatio*diameter[n];
+				
+				if(sphereSphereCheck(p_m, p_n, d_m, d_n))
+				{
+					auto ln = n;
+					auto lm = m;
+					if(lm>ln) Swap(lm,ln);
+					if( pairs.insert(lm,ln) == static_cast<uint32>(-1))
+					{
+						getFullUpdate++;
+					}
+				}
+				n = cellIter.next(n);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	m = cellIter.next(m);
+}
+
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/cellsWallLevel0.cpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/cellsWallLevel0.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e1b6e3a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/cellsWallLevel0.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "cellsWallLevel0.hpp"
+#include "streams.hpp"
+
+pFlow::cellsWallLevel0::cellsWallLevel0
+(
+    real cellExtent, 
+    uint32 numPoints, 
+    uint32 numElements, 
+    const ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space> &points,
+    const ViewType1D<uint32x3, memory_space> &vertices,
+	const ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space>& normals
+)
+:
+    cellExtent_( max(cellExtent, 0.5 ) ),
+    numElements_(numElements),
+    numPoints_(numPoints),
+    vertices_(vertices),
+    points_(points),
+	normals_(normals)
+{
+    allocateArrays();
+}
+
+bool pFlow::cellsWallLevel0::resetElements
+(
+	uint32 numElements, 
+	uint32 numPoints, 
+	const ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space>& points, 
+	const ViewType1D<uint32x3, memory_space>& vertices,
+	const ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space>& normals
+)
+{
+
+	numElements_ = numElements;
+	numPoints_ = numPoints;
+	points_ 	= points;
+	vertices_ 	= vertices;
+	normals_ 	= normals;
+
+	allocateArrays();
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::cellsWallLevel0::broadSearch
+(
+	csPairContainerType &pairs,
+	const cells& searchBox,  
+	const mapperNBS::CellIterator &particleMap,
+	const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& pPoints,
+	const deviceViewType1D<real>&  pDiams,
+	real sizeRatio
+)
+{
+	
+	// map walls onto the cells
+	
+	this->build(searchBox);
+	
+	this->particleWallFindPairs(pairs, particleMap, pPoints, pDiams, sizeRatio);
+	
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::cellsWallLevel0::build(const cells & searchBox)
+{
+	
+    const auto& points = points_;
+    const auto& vertices = vertices_;
+    const auto& elementBox = elementBox_;
+    const auto cellExtent = cellExtent_;
+
+	Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		"pFlow::cellsWallLevel0::build",
+		deviceRPolicyStatic(0,numElements_),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i)
+		{
+			auto v = vertices[i];
+			auto p1 = points[v.x()];
+			auto p2 = points[v.y()];
+			auto p3 = points[v.z()];
+			
+			realx3 minP;
+			realx3 maxP;
+
+			searchBox.extendBox(p1, p2, p3, cellExtent, minP, maxP);
+			elementBox[i] = iBoxType(searchBox.pointIndex(minP), searchBox.pointIndex(maxP));
+		});
+	Kokkos::fence();
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::cellsWallLevel0::particleWallFindPairs
+(
+	csPairContainerType &pairs, 
+	const mapperNBS::CellIterator &particleMap,
+	const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& pPoints,
+	const deviceViewType1D<real>&  pDiams,
+	real sizeRatio
+)
+{
+
+	uint32 getFull = 1;
+
+	while (getFull)
+	{
+		
+		getFull = findPairsElementRangeCount(pairs, particleMap, pPoints, pDiams, sizeRatio);
+		
+		if(getFull)
+		{
+			// - resize the container
+			//   note that getFull now shows the number of failed insertions.
+			uint32 len = max(getFull, 50u);
+			auto oldCap = pairs.capacity();
+			pairs.increaseCapacityBy(len);
+
+			INFORMATION<<"Contact pair container capacity increased from "<<
+					oldCap << " to " 
+					<< pairs.capacity() <<" in cellsWallLevel0."<<END_INFO;
+			
+			Kokkos::fence();
+		}
+	}
+	
+	return true;
+}
+
+pFlow::int32 pFlow::cellsWallLevel0::findPairsElementRangeCount
+(
+	csPairContainerType &pairs, 
+	const mapperNBS::CellIterator &particleMap,
+	const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& pPoints,
+	const deviceViewType1D<real>&  pDiams,
+	real sizeRatio
+)
+{
+	uint32 getFull =0;
+			
+	const auto& elementBox = elementBox_;
+    const auto& normals = normals_;
+    const auto& points = points_;
+    const auto& vertices = vertices_;
+    const auto cellExtent = cellExtent_;
+
+	Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
+		"pFlow::cellsWallLevel0::findPairsElementRangeCount",
+		tpPWContactSearch(numElements_, Kokkos::AUTO),
+		LAMBDA_HD(
+			const typename tpPWContactSearch::member_type & teamMember,
+			uint32& valueToUpdate){
+			
+			const uint32 iTri = teamMember.league_rank();
+
+			const auto triBox = elementBox[iTri];
+			const auto triPlane = infinitePlane(
+				normals[iTri], 
+				points[vertices[iTri].x()]);
+
+			uint32 getFull2 = 0;
+
+			auto bExtent = boxExtent(triBox);
+			uint32 numCellBox = bExtent.x()*bExtent.y()*bExtent.z();
+			
+			Kokkos::parallel_reduce( 
+				Kokkos::TeamThreadRange( teamMember, numCellBox ),
+				[&] ( const uint32 linIndex, uint32 &innerUpdate )
+					{
+						
+						int32x3 cell;
+						indexToCell(linIndex, triBox, cell);
+						
+						uint32 n = particleMap.start(cell.x(),cell.y(),cell.z());
+						
+						while( n != particleMap.NoPos)
+						{
+							// id is wall id the pair is (particle id, wall id)
+							if( abs(triPlane.pointFromPlane(pPoints[n]))< pDiams[n]*sizeRatio*cellExtent)
+							{
+								if( pairs.insert(
+									static_cast<csIdType>(n),
+									static_cast<csIdType>(iTri) ) == static_cast<csIdType>(-1) 
+                                )
+									innerUpdate++;
+							}
+							n = particleMap.next(n);
+						
+						}
+
+					},
+				getFull2
+			);
+
+			if ( teamMember.team_rank() == 0 ) valueToUpdate += getFull2;
+		},
+		getFull
+		);
+	return getFull;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/cellsWallLevel0.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/cellsWallLevel0.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..da7d77d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/cellsWallLevel0.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __cellsWallLevel0_hpp__
+#define __cellsWallLevel0_hpp__
+
+#include "contactSearchGlobals.hpp"
+#include "contactSearchFunctions.hpp"
+#include "mapperNBS.hpp"
+#include "iBox.hpp"
+
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class cellsWallLevel0
+{
+public:
+
+	using execution_space = csExecutionSpace;
+
+	using memory_space 	= typename execution_space::memory_space;
+
+	using iBoxType 		= iBox<int32>;	
+
+	class TagFindCellRange2{};
+
+private:
+
+	// - box extent
+	real 			cellExtent_ = 0.5;
+
+	// - number of triangle elements 
+	uint32			numElements_ = 0;
+
+	// - number of points
+	uint32 			numPoints_ = 0;
+
+	// - ref to vectices (borrowed)
+	ViewType1D<uint32x3, memory_space> 	vertices_;
+
+	// - ref to points in the trisurface (borrowed)
+	ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space> 	points_;
+
+	// - ref to normal vectors of triangles (borrowed)
+	ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space> 	normals_;
+
+	// cell range of element/triangle bounding box
+	ViewType1D<iBoxType, memory_space> 	elementBox_;
+	
+
+	using tpPWContactSearch = Kokkos::TeamPolicy<
+			execution_space,
+			Kokkos::Schedule<Kokkos::Dynamic>,
+			Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>>;
+	
+	FUNCTION_H
+	void allocateArrays()
+	{
+		reallocNoInit( elementBox_, numElements_);
+	}
+
+public:
+
+	TypeInfoNV("cellsWallLevel0");
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	cellsWallLevel0(){}
+
+	FUNCTION_H
+	cellsWallLevel0(
+		real 					cellExtent,
+		uint32 					numPoints,
+		uint32 					numElements,
+		const ViewType1D<realx3,memory_space>& 		points, 
+		const ViewType1D<uint32x3,memory_space>& 	vertices,
+		const ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space>& normals);
+	
+
+	
+	// - host call
+	//   reset triangle elements if they have changed
+	bool resetElements( 
+		uint32 		numElements,
+		uint32      numPoints,
+		const ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space>& points, 
+		const ViewType1D<uint32x3, memory_space>& vertices,
+		const ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space>& normals);
+	
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	iBoxType elementBox(uint32 i)const
+	{
+		return elementBox_[i];
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	uint32 numElements()const
+	{
+		return numElements_;
+	}
+
+	bool broadSearch(
+		csPairContainerType& pairs,
+		const cells& searchBox, 
+		const mapperNBS::CellIterator& particleMap,
+		const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& pPoints,
+		const deviceViewType1D<real>&  pDiams,
+		real sizeRatio);
+	
+
+	bool build(const cells& searchBox);
+	
+	bool particleWallFindPairs(
+		csPairContainerType& pairs, 
+		const mapperNBS::CellIterator& particleMap,
+		const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& pPoints,
+		const deviceViewType1D<real>&  pDiams,
+		real sizeRatio);
+
+	int32 findPairsElementRangeCount(
+		csPairContainerType& pairs, 
+		const mapperNBS::CellIterator& particleMap,
+		const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& pPoints,
+		const deviceViewType1D<real>&  pDiams,
+		real sizeRatio); 
+	
+
+
+}; // cellsWallLevel0
+
+} // pFlow
+
+
+#endif // __cellsWallLevel0_hpp__
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/mapperNBS.cpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/mapperNBS.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b0f16804
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/mapperNBS.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "mapperNBS.hpp"
+#include "mapperNBSKernels.hpp"
+#include "streams.hpp"
+
+pFlow::uint32 pFlow::mapperNBS::checkInterval_ = 1000;
+pFlow::real pFlow::mapperNBS::enlargementFactor_ = 1.1;
+
+bool pFlow::mapperNBS::setSearchBox
+(
+    const deviceViewType1D<realx3> &pointPos, 
+    const pFlagTypeDevice &flags,
+    real cellSize
+)
+{
+    box domainBox = domainCells_.domainBox();
+
+	
+    if(adjustableBox_)
+    {
+        lastCheckForBox_ = buildCount_;
+        
+        realx3 minP;
+        realx3 maxP;
+        pFlow::mapperNBSKernels::findPointExtends
+        (
+            pointPos, 
+            flags, 
+            minP, maxP
+        );
+
+        minP = max( minP - enlargementFactor_*cellSize, domainBox.minPoint());
+        maxP = min( maxP + enlargementFactor_*cellSize, domainBox.maxPoint());       
+        
+        box searchBox = {minP, maxP};
+        searchCells_ = cells(searchBox, cellSize);    
+        INFORMATION<<"Search box for contact search has changed: "<< 
+        "search box is ["<<searchCells_.domainBox().minPoint()<<
+        " "<<searchCells_.domainBox().maxPoint()<<"]"<<END_INFO;
+        
+        return true;
+        
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        searchCells_ = cells(domainBox, cellSize);
+        INFORMATION<<"Search box for contact search is: ["
+        << domainBox.minPoint()<<" "<<domainBox.maxPoint()<<"]"<<END_INFO;
+
+        return false;
+    }
+    
+}
+
+void pFlow::mapperNBS::allocateArrays(rangeU32 nextRng)
+{
+    checkAllocateNext(nextRng);
+    nullifyNext(nextRng);
+    reallocFill(head_, searchCells_.nx(), searchCells_.ny(), searchCells_.nz(), NoPos);
+}
+
+void pFlow::mapperNBS::checkAllocateNext(rangeU32 nextRng)
+{
+
+    auto newCap = nextRng.end();
+    
+    if( nextCapacity_ < newCap)
+    {
+        nextCapacity_ = newCap;	
+        if(!nextOwner_)return;
+        reallocNoInit(next_, nextCapacity_);
+    }
+}
+
+void pFlow::mapperNBS::nullifyHead()
+{
+    fill(head_, NoPos);	
+}
+
+void pFlow::mapperNBS::nullifyNext(rangeU32 nextRng)
+{
+    if(!nextOwner_)return;
+		fill(next_, nextRng, NoPos);
+}
+
+pFlow::mapperNBS::mapperNBS(
+    const box &domain,
+    real cellSize,
+    const deviceViewType1D<realx3> &pointPos,
+    const pFlagTypeDevice &flags,
+    bool adjustableBox,
+    bool nextOwner
+)
+: 
+   	domainCells_(domain, cellSize),
+    searchCells_(domain, cellSize),
+   	adjustableBox_(adjustableBox),
+	nextOwner_(nextOwner)
+{
+    setSearchBox(pointPos, flags, cellSize);
+
+    allocateArrays(flags.activeRange());
+}
+
+bool pFlow::mapperNBS::build
+(
+    const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& pointPos, 
+    const pFlagTypeDevice & flags,
+    bool&  searchBoxChanged
+)
+{
+    auto aRange = flags.activeRange();
+    buildCount_++;
+    if(adjustableBox_ && buildCount_%checkInterval_ == 0)
+    {   
+
+        if(searchBoxChanged = 
+            setSearchBox(pointPos, flags, searchCells_.cellSize());searchBoxChanged)
+        {
+            allocateArrays(aRange);
+        }  
+        
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        checkAllocateNext(aRange);
+        nullifyHead();
+        nullifyNext(aRange);
+    }    
+    
+    if( adjustableBox_ )
+    {
+        if(!pFlow::mapperNBSKernels::buildListsReduce(
+            searchCells_,
+            head_,
+            next_,
+            pointPos,
+            flags) )
+        {
+
+            buildCount_++;           
+            setSearchBox(pointPos, flags, searchCells_.cellSize());
+            
+            searchBoxChanged = true;
+            
+            allocateArrays(flags.activeRange());
+
+            if(!pFlow::mapperNBSKernels::buildListsReduce(
+                searchCells_,
+                head_,
+                next_,
+                pointPos,
+                flags))
+            {
+                fatalErrorInFunction<<"failed to build list in anjustable search box mode!"<<endl;
+                return false;   
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        pFlow::mapperNBSKernels::buildLists(
+            searchCells_,
+            head_,
+            next_,
+            pointPos,
+            flags
+        );
+        searchBoxChanged = false;
+    }
+    
+    return true;
+
+}
+
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/mapperNBS.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/mapperNBS.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..471a1ab9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/mapperNBS.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+
+#ifndef __mapperNBS_hpp__
+#define __mapperNBS_hpp__
+
+#include "phasicFlowKokkos.hpp"
+#include "pointFlag.hpp"
+#include "cells.hpp"
+//#include "contactSearchFunctions.hpp"
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class mapperNBS
+{
+public:
+
+	using HeadType 			= deviceViewType3D<uint32>;
+
+	using NextType 			= deviceViewType1D<uint32>;	
+
+	
+	static constexpr uint32 NoPos 	= 0xFFFFFFFF;
+
+	class CellIterator
+	{
+	private:
+		HeadType 		head_;
+
+		NextType 		next_;
+
+	public:
+
+		CellIterator(const HeadType& head, const NextType& next)
+		:
+			head_(head),
+			next_(next)
+		{}
+		
+		static constexpr uint32 NoPos = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		int32x3 numCells()const {
+			return int32x3(head_.extent(0), head_.extent(1), head_.extent(2));}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		uint32 start(int32 i, int32 j, int32 k)const {
+			return head_(i,j,k); }
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		uint32 getNext(uint32 n)const {
+			if(n == NoPos ) return NoPos;
+			return next_(n); }
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		uint32 next(uint32 n)const{
+			return next_(n);}
+	};
+
+private:
+	
+	cells  				domainCells_;
+
+	cells 				searchCells_;
+
+	HeadType 			head_{"NBS::head",1,1,1};
+
+	NextType 			next_{"NBS::next", 1};
+
+	uint32 				nextCapacity_ = 0;
+
+	uint32 				lastCheckForBox_ = 0;
+
+	uint32 				buildCount_ = 0;
+
+	bool 				adjustableBox_ = false;
+
+	bool 				nextOwner_ 	= true;
+
+	static uint32 		checkInterval_;	
+
+	static real 		enlargementFactor_;
+
+	bool setSearchBox(
+		const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& pointPos,
+		const pFlagTypeDevice& flags,
+		real cellSize
+	);
+
+	void allocateArrays(rangeU32 nextRng);
+
+	void checkAllocateNext(rangeU32 nextRng);
+	
+	void nullifyHead();
+	
+	void nullifyNext(rangeU32 nextRng);
+	
+public:
+
+	TypeInfoNV("mapperNBS");
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		mapperNBS() = default;
+
+		mapperNBS(
+			const 	box& domain,
+			real 	cellSize,
+			const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& pointPos,
+			const pFlagTypeDevice& flags,
+			bool 	adjustableBox,
+			bool 	nextOwner = true);
+					
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		mapperNBS(const mapperNBS&) = default;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		mapperNBS(mapperNBS&&) = default;
+		
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		mapperNBS& operator = (const mapperNBS&) = default;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		mapperNBS& operator = (mapperNBS&&) = default;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		~mapperNBS()=default;
+
+	//// - Methods
+
+		auto getCellIterator()const
+		{
+			return CellIterator(head_, next_);
+		}
+
+		const auto& getDomainCells()const
+		{
+			return domainCells_;
+		}
+
+		const auto& getSearchCells()const
+		{
+			return searchCells_;
+		}
+
+		bool build(
+			const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& pointPos,
+			const pFlagTypeDevice& flags,
+			bool&  searchBoxChanged);
+
+		
+	
+
+};
+
+} // pFlow
+
+#endif // __mapperNBS_hpp__
+
+
+
+
+/*
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	auto& head()
+	{
+		return head_;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	auto& next()
+	{
+		return next_;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	const auto& head()const
+	{
+		return head_;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	const auto& next()const
+	{
+		return next_;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	auto& pointPosition()
+	{
+		return pointPosition_;
+	}
+*/
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/mapperNBSKernels.cpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/mapperNBSKernels.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..01141eac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/mapperNBSKernels.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+
+
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "mapperNBSKernels.hpp"
+
+
+void pFlow::mapperNBSKernels::findPointExtends
+(
+    const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& points,
+    const pFlagTypeDevice& flags,
+    realx3& minPoint,
+    realx3& maxPoint
+)
+{
+    if(flags.numActive() == 0)
+    {
+        minPoint = {0,0,0};
+        maxPoint = {0,0,0};
+        return;
+    }
+
+    real minX;
+    real minY;
+    real minZ;
+    real maxX;
+    real maxY;
+    real maxZ;
+    auto aRange = flags.activeRange();
+    Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
+        "pFlow::mapperNBSKernels::findPointExtends",
+        deviceRPolicyStatic(aRange.start(), aRange.end()),
+        LAMBDA_HD(
+            uint32 i, 
+            real& minXUpdate, 
+            real& minYUpdate, 
+            real& minZUpdate,
+            real& maxXUpdate,
+            real& maxYUpdate,
+            real& maxZUpdate)
+        {
+            if(flags(i))
+            {
+                auto p = points(i);
+                minXUpdate = min(p.x(), minXUpdate);
+                minYUpdate = min(p.y(), minYUpdate);
+                minZUpdate = min(p.z(), minZUpdate);
+                maxXUpdate = max(p.x(), maxXUpdate);
+                maxYUpdate = max(p.y(), maxYUpdate);
+                maxZUpdate = max(p.z(), maxZUpdate);
+            }
+
+        },
+        Kokkos::Min<real>(minX),
+        Kokkos::Min<real>(minY), 
+        Kokkos::Min<real>(minZ),
+        Kokkos::Max<real>(maxX),
+        Kokkos::Max<real>(maxY),
+        Kokkos::Max<real>(maxZ)
+    );
+
+    minPoint = {minX, minY, minZ};
+    maxPoint = {maxX, maxY, maxZ};
+}
+
+bool pFlow::mapperNBSKernels::buildListsReduce
+(
+    const cells &searchCell, 
+    const deviceViewType3D<uint32> &head, 
+    const deviceViewType1D<uint32> &next, 
+    const deviceViewType1D<realx3> &points, 
+    const pFlagTypeDevice &flags
+)
+{
+    uint32 numOut = 0;
+    auto aRange = flags.activeRange();
+
+    if(flags.isAllActive())
+    {
+        Kokkos::parallel_reduce
+        (
+            "pFlow::mapperNBSKernels::buildListsReduce",
+            deviceRPolicyStatic(aRange.start(), aRange.end()),
+            LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i, uint32& valToUpdate)
+            {	
+                int32x3 ind;
+                if( searchCell.pointIndexInDomain(points[i], ind) )
+                {
+                    uint32 old = Kokkos::atomic_exchange(&head(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()), i);
+                    next[i] = old;	
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    valToUpdate++;
+                }
+            },
+            numOut
+        );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        Kokkos::parallel_reduce
+        (
+            "pFlow::mapperNBSKernels::buildListsReduce",
+            deviceRPolicyStatic(aRange.start(), aRange.end()),
+            LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i, uint32& valToUpdate)
+            {	
+                int32x3 ind;
+                if( flags(i) )
+                {
+                    if( searchCell.pointIndexInDomain(points[i], ind) )
+                    {
+                        uint32 old = Kokkos::atomic_exchange(&head(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()), i);
+                        next[i] = old;	
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        valToUpdate++;
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            numOut
+        );
+    }
+
+    return numOut == 0u ;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::mapperNBSKernels::buildLists
+(
+    const cells &searchCell, 
+    const deviceViewType3D<uint32> &head, 
+    const deviceViewType1D<uint32> &next, 
+    const deviceViewType1D<realx3> &points, 
+    const pFlagTypeDevice &flags
+)
+{
+    auto aRange = flags.activeRange();
+    if(flags.isAllActive() )
+    {
+        Kokkos::parallel_for
+        (
+            "pFlow::mapperNBSKernels::buildLists",
+            deviceRPolicyStatic(aRange.start(), aRange.end()),
+            LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i)
+            {
+                auto ind = searchCell.pointIndex(points[i]);	
+                uint32 old = Kokkos::atomic_exchange(&head(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()), i);
+                next[i] = old;
+            }
+        );
+        Kokkos::fence();    
+    }
+    else
+    {
+       Kokkos::parallel_for
+        (
+            "pFlow::mapperNBSKernels::buildLists",
+            deviceRPolicyStatic(aRange.start(), aRange.end()),
+            LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i)
+            {
+                if( flags(i) )
+                {
+                    auto ind = searchCell.pointIndex(points[i]);	
+                    uint32 old = Kokkos::atomic_exchange(&head(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()), i);
+                    next[i] = old;
+                }
+            }
+        );
+        Kokkos::fence();
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/mapperNBSKernels.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/mapperNBSKernels.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6730ff22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/mapperNBSKernels.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "phasicFlowKokkos.hpp"
+#include "cells.hpp"
+#include "pointFlag.hpp"
+
+
+namespace pFlow::mapperNBSKernels
+{
+
+void findPointExtends(
+    const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& points,
+    const pFlagTypeDevice& flags,
+    realx3& minPoint,
+    realx3& maxPoint);
+
+bool buildListsReduce(
+    const cells& searchCell,
+    const deviceViewType3D<uint32>& head,
+    const deviceViewType1D<uint32>& next,
+    const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& points,
+    const pFlagTypeDevice& flags);
+
+bool buildLists(
+    const cells& searchCell,
+    const deviceViewType3D<uint32>& head,
+    const deviceViewType1D<uint32>& next,
+    const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& points,
+    const pFlagTypeDevice& flags);
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/cells.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/cells.hpp
similarity index 62%
rename from src/Interaction/contactSearch/cells.hpp
rename to src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/cells.hpp
index c77b1a69..c4b50813 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/cells.hpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/cells.hpp
@@ -28,58 +28,40 @@ Licence:
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-template<typename indexType>
 class cells
 {
-public:
-	
-	using CellType = triple<indexType>;
-
-protected:
+private:
 
 	// - domain 
-	box 		domain_{realx3(0.0), realx3(1.0)};
+	box 		domainBox_{realx3(0.0), realx3(1.0)};
 
 	// - cell size 
-	realx3 		cellSize_{1,1,1};
-
-	CellType 	numCells_{1,1,1};
+	real 		celldx_{1};
 
+	int32x3 	numCells_{1,1,1};
 	
 	// - protected methods
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
 	void calculate()
 	{
-		numCells_ = (domain_.maxPoint()-domain_.minPoint())/cellSize_ + realx3(1.0);
-		numCells_ = max( numCells_ , CellType(static_cast<indexType>(1)) );
+		numCells_ = (domainBox_.maxPoint()-domainBox_.minPoint())/celldx_ + realx3(1.0);
+		numCells_ = max( numCells_ , int32x3(1) );
 	}
 
 public:
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	cells()
-	{}
+	cells() = default;
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
 	cells(const box& domain, real cellSize)
 	:
-		domain_(domain),
-		cellSize_(cellSize)
+		domainBox_(domain),
+		celldx_(cellSize)
 	{
 		calculate();
 	}
 
- 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	cells(const box& domain, int32 nx, int32 ny, int32 nz)
-	:
-		domain_(domain),
-		cellSize_(
-			(domain_.maxPoint() - domain_.minPoint())/realx3(nx, ny,  nz)
-			),
-		numCells_(nx, ny, nz)
-	{}
-
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	cells(const cells&) = default;
 
@@ -100,43 +82,36 @@ public:
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
 	void setCellSize(real cellSize)
 	{
-		cellSize_ = cellSize;
-		calculate();
-	}
-
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	void setCellSize(realx3 cellSize)
-	{
-		cellSize_ = cellSize;
+		celldx_ = cellSize;
 		calculate();
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	realx3 cellSize()const
+	real cellSize()const
 	{
-		return cellSize_;
+		return celldx_;
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	const CellType& numCells()const
+	const int32x3& numCells()const
 	{
 		return numCells_;
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	indexType nx()const
+	int32 nx()const
 	{
 		return numCells_.x();
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	indexType ny()const
+	int32 ny()const
 	{
 		return numCells_.y();
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	indexType nz()const
+	int32 nz()const
 	{
 		return numCells_.z();
 	}
@@ -149,22 +124,21 @@ public:
 				static_cast<int64>(numCells_.z());
 	}
 
-	const auto& domain()const
+	const auto& domainBox()const
 	{
-		return domain_;
+		return domainBox_;
 	}
 	
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	CellType pointIndex(const realx3& p)const
+	int32x3 pointIndex(const realx3& p)const
 	{
-		return CellType( (p - domain_.minPoint())/cellSize_ );
+		return int32x3( (p - domainBox_.minPoint())/celldx_ );
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	bool pointIndexInDomain(const realx3 p, CellType& index)const
+	bool pointIndexInDomain(const realx3 p, int32x3& index)const
 	{
-		if( !domain_.isInside(p) ) return false;
-		
+		if(!inDomain(p))return false;
 		index = this->pointIndex(p);
 		return true;
 	}
@@ -172,11 +146,11 @@ public:
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	bool inDomain(const realx3& p)const
 	{	
-		return domain_.isInside(p);
+		return domainBox_.isInside(p);
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	bool isInRange(const CellType& cell)const
+	bool inCellRange(const int32x3& cell)const
 	{
 		if(cell.x()<0)return false;
 		if(cell.y()<0)return false;
@@ -188,7 +162,7 @@ public:
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	bool isInRange(indexType i, indexType j, indexType k)const
+	bool inCellRange(int32 i, int32 j, int32 k)const
 	{
 		if(i<0)return false;
 		if(j<0)return false;
@@ -199,22 +173,7 @@ public:
 		return true;
 	}
 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	void extendBox(
-		const CellType& p1,
-		const CellType& p2,
-		const CellType& p3,
-		indexType extent,
-		CellType& minP,
-		CellType& maxP)const
-	{
-		minP = min( min( p1, p2), p3)-extent;
-		maxP = max( max( p1, p2), p3)+extent;
-
-		minP = bound(minP);
-		maxP = bound(maxP);
-	}
-
+	
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	void extendBox(
 		const realx3& p1,
@@ -224,17 +183,17 @@ public:
 		realx3& minP,
 		realx3& maxP)const
 	{
-		minP = min(min(p1,p2),p3) - extent*cellSize_ ;
-		maxP = max(max(p1,p2),p3) + extent*cellSize_ ;
+		minP = min(min(p1,p2),p3) - extent*celldx_ ;
+		maxP = max(max(p1,p2),p3) + extent*celldx_ ;
 
 		minP = bound(minP);
 		maxP = bound(maxP);
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	CellType bound(CellType p)const
+	int32x3 bound(int32x3 p)const
 	{
-		return CellType(
+		return int32x3(
 			min( numCells_.x()-1, max(0,p.x())),
 			min( numCells_.y()-1, max(0,p.y())),
 			min( numCells_.z()-1, max(0,p.z()))
@@ -245,9 +204,9 @@ public:
 	realx3 bound(realx3 p)const
 	{
 		return realx3(
-			min( domain_.maxPoint().x(), max(domain_.minPoint().x(),p.x())),
-			min( domain_.maxPoint().y(), max(domain_.minPoint().y(),p.y())),
-			min( domain_.maxPoint().z(), max(domain_.minPoint().z(),p.z()))
+			min( domainBox_.maxPoint().x(), max(domainBox_.minPoint().x(),p.x())),
+			min( domainBox_.maxPoint().y(), max(domainBox_.minPoint().y(),p.y())),
+			min( domainBox_.maxPoint().z(), max(domainBox_.minPoint().z(),p.z()))
 			);
 	}
 };	
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/mapperNBS.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/mapperNBS.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 41b47068..00000000
--- a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/mapperNBS.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,389 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
-#ifndef __mapperNBS_hpp__
-#define __mapperNBS_hpp__
-
-#include "cells.hpp"
-#include "contactSearchFunctions.hpp"
-#include "baseAlgorithms.hpp"
-#include "ViewAlgorithms.hpp"
-
-namespace pFlow
-{
-
-template<typename executionSpace>
-class mapperNBS
-:
-	public cells<int32>
-{
-public:
-
-	using IdType 			= int32;
-	
-	using IndexType 	= int32;
-
-	using Cells 			= cells<IndexType>;
-
-	using CellType 		= typename Cells::CellType;
-
-	using execution_space = executionSpace;
-
-	using memory_space 		= typename execution_space::memory_space;
-
-	using HeadType 		= ViewType3D<int32, memory_space>;
-
-	using NextType 		= ViewType1D<int32, memory_space>;	
-
-	class cellIterator
-	{
-	private:
-		HeadType 		head_;
-
-		NextType 		next_;
-
-	public:
-
-		cellIterator(ViewType3D<int32, memory_space> head, ViewType1D<int32, memory_space> next)
-		:
-			head_(head),
-			next_(next)
-		{}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		Cells cellsSize()const {
-			return Cells(head_.extent(0), head_.extent(1), head_.extent(2));}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		int32 start(IndexType i, IndexType j, IndexType k)const {
-			return head_(i,j,k); }
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		int32 getNext(int32 n)const {
-			if(n<0) return n;
-			return next_(n); }
-	};
-
-protected:
-
-	int32 									capacity_ = 1;
-
-	ViewType3D<int32, memory_space> 		head_;
-
-	ViewType1D<int32, memory_space> 		next_;
-
-	bool 									nextOwner_ = true;
-
-	// borrowed ownership
-	ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space> 		pointPosition_;
-
-	using rangePolicyType	=
-		Kokkos::RangePolicy<
-			Kokkos::IndexType<int32>,
-			Kokkos::Schedule<Kokkos::Static>,
-			execution_space>;
-	
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	void nullifyHead()
-	{
-		fill(
-			head_,
-			range(0,this->nx()),
-			range(0,this->ny()),
-			range(0,this->nz()),
-			static_cast<int32>(-1)
-			);
-	}
-
-	void nullifyNext(range nextRng)
-	{
-		if(!nextOwner_)return;
-		fill(
-			next_,
-			nextRng,
-			static_cast<int32>(-1)
-			);
-	}
-
-	void nullify()
-	{
-		nullifyHead();
-
-		nullifyNext(range(0,capacity_));
-	}
-
-	void nullify(range nextRng)
-	{
-		nullifyHead();
-
-		nullifyNext(nextRng);
-	}
-	
-
-	void checkAllocateNext(int newCap)
-	{
-		if( capacity_ < newCap)
-		{
-			capacity_ = newCap;	
-			if(!nextOwner_)return;
-			reallocNoInit(next_, capacity_);
-		}
-	}
-
-	void allocateHead()
-	{
-		reallocNoInit(head_, this->nx(), this->ny(), this->nz());
-	}
-
-
-	
-public:
-
-	TypeInfoNV("mapperNBS");
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		mapperNBS(){}
-
-		mapperNBS(
-			const 	box& domain,
-			real 	cellSize,
-			const 	ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space>& position,
-			bool 	nextOwner = true)
-		:
-			Cells(domain, cellSize),
-			pointPosition_(position),
-			head_(
-				"mapperNBS::head_",
-				this->nx(),
-				this->ny(),
-				this->nz()
-				), 
-			next_("mapperNBS::next_",1), //,position.size()),
-			nextOwner_(nextOwner)
-		{
-			checkAllocateNext(pointPosition_.size());
-		}
-
-		mapperNBS(
-			const 	box& domain,
-			int32 	nx,
-			int32 	ny,
-			int32 	nz,
-			const 	ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space>& position,
-			bool 	nextOwner = true)
-		:
-			Cells(domain, nx, ny, nz),
-			pointPosition_(position),
-			head_("mapperNBS::head_",nx,ny,nz), 
-			next_("mapperNBS::next_",1),
-			nextOwner_(nextOwner)
-		{
-			checkAllocateNext(pointPosition_.size());
-		}
-
-			
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		mapperNBS(const mapperNBS&) = default;
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		mapperNBS& operator = (const mapperNBS&) = default;
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		~mapperNBS()=default;
-
-	//// - Methods 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	auto capacity()const
-	{
-		return capacity_;
-	}
-
-	cellIterator getCellIterator()const
-	{
-		return cellIterator(head_, next_);
-	}
-
-	bool particlesCapcityChanged(int32 newCap)
-	{
-		checkAllocateNext(newCap);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	auto& head()
-	{
-		return head_;
-	}
-
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	auto& next()
-	{
-		return next_;
-	}
-
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	const auto& head()const
-	{
-		return head_;
-	}
-
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	const auto& next()const
-	{
-		return next_;
-	}
-
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	auto& pointPosition()
-	{
-		return pointPosition_;
-	}
-
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	void setNext(ViewType1D<int32, memory_space>& next)
-	{
-		if(!nextOwner_)
-		{
-			next_ = next;
-			capacity_ = next.size();
-		}
-	}
-
-	
-
-	// - build based on all points in active range
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	void build(range activeRange)
-	{
-		checkAllocateNext(activeRange.second);
-		nullify(activeRange);
-		
-		Cells cellIndex = static_cast<Cells>(*this);
-		auto points = pointPosition_;
-		auto next = next_;
-		auto head = head_;
-
-		rangePolicyType rPolicy(activeRange.first, activeRange.second);
-		
-		Kokkos::parallel_for(
-			"mapperNBS::build",
-			rPolicy,
-			LAMBDA_HD(int32 i){
-				CellType ind = cellIndex.pointIndex(points[i]);	
-				int32 old = Kokkos::atomic_exchange(&head(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()), i);
-				next[i] = old;
-			});
-		Kokkos::fence();
-	}
-
-
-	template<typename IncludeFunction>
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	void build(range activeRange, IncludeFunction incld)
-	{
-		checkAllocateNext(activeRange.second);
-		nullify(activeRange);
-
-		Cells cellIndex = static_cast<Cells>(*this);
-		auto points = pointPosition_;
-		auto next = next_;
-		auto head = head_;
-
-		rangePolicyType rPolicy(activeRange.first, activeRange.second);
-
-		Kokkos::parallel_for(
-			"mapperNBS::build_Include",
-			rPolicy,
-			LAMBDA_HD(int32 i){
-				if( incld(i) )
-				{
-					CellType ind = cellIndex.pointIndex(points[i]);
-					auto old = Kokkos::atomic_exchange(&head(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()), i);
-					next[i] = old;
-				}
-			});
-		Kokkos::fence();
-
-	}
-
-	
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	void buildCheckInDomain(range activeRange)
-	{
-		checkAllocateNext(activeRange.second);
-		nullify(activeRange);
-		
-		Cells cellIndex = static_cast<Cells>(*this);
-		auto points = pointPosition_;
-		auto next = next_;
-		auto head = head_;
-
-		rangePolicyType rPolicy(activeRange.first, activeRange.second);
-		
-		Kokkos::parallel_for(
-			"mapperNBS::buildCheckInDomain",
-			rPolicy,
-			LAMBDA_HD(int32 i){	
-				CellType ind;
-				if( cellIndex.pointIndexInDomain(points[i], ind) )
-				{
-					int32 old = Kokkos::atomic_exchange(&head(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()), i);
-					next[i] = old;	
-				}
-			});
-
-		Kokkos::fence();
-
-	}
-
-	template<typename IncludeFunction>
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	void buildCheckInDomain(range activeRange, IncludeFunction incld)
-	{
-		checkAllocateNext(activeRange.second);
-		nullify(activeRange);
-
-		Cells cellIndex = static_cast<Cells>(*this);
-		auto points = pointPosition_;
-		auto next = next_;
-		auto head = head_;
-
-		rangePolicyType rPolicy(activeRange.first, activeRange.second);
-
-		Kokkos::parallel_for(
-			"mapperNBS::buildCheckInDomain_Include",
-			rPolicy,
-			LAMBDA_HD(int32 i){
-				CellType ind;
-				if( incld(i) && cellIndex.pointIndexInDomain(points[i], ind) )
-				{
-					auto old = Kokkos::atomic_exchange(&head(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()), i);
-					next[i] = old;
-				}
-			});
-		Kokkos::fence();
-	}
-
-};
-
-} // pFlow
-
-#endif // __mapperNBS_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/multiGridNBS.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/multiGridNBS.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index dbce390b..00000000
--- a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/multiGridNBS.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,213 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
-#ifndef __multiGridNBS_hpp__
-#define __multiGridNBS_hpp__
-
-#include "NBSLevels.hpp"
-
-namespace pFlow
-{
-
-
-template<typename executionSpace>
-class multiGridNBS
-{
-public:
-
-	using NBSLevelsType	= NBSLevels<executionSpace>;
-
-	using cellIterator 	= typename NBSLevelsType::cellIterator;
-
-	using IdType 		= typename NBSLevelsType::IdType;
-	
-	using IndexType 	= typename NBSLevelsType::IndexType;
-
-	using Cells 		= typename NBSLevelsType::Cells;
-
-	using CellType 		= typename Cells::CellType;
-
-	using execution_space 	= typename NBSLevelsType::execution_space;
-
-	using memory_space 		= typename NBSLevelsType::memory_space;
-
-
-protected:
-
-	real 		sizeRatio_ = 1.0;
-
-	int32 		updateFrequency_= 1;
-
-	int32 		currentIter_ 	= 0;
-
-	bool 		performedSearch_ = false;
-
-	NBSLevelsType NBSLevels_;
-
-private:
-
-	bool performSearch()
-	{
-		if(currentIter_ % updateFrequency_ == 0)
-		{
-			currentIter_++;
-			return true;
-
-		}else
-		{
-			currentIter_++;
-			return false;
-		}
-	}
-
-public:
-
-	TypeInfoNV("multiGridNBS");
-
-		multiGridNBS(
-			const 	dictionary& dict,
-			const 	box& domain,
-			real 	minSize,
-			real 	maxSize,
-			const 	ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space>& position,
-			const 	ViewType1D<real, memory_space>& diam)
-		:
-			sizeRatio_( 
-				max(
-					dict.getVal<real>("sizeRatio"),
-					1.0
-					)),
-			updateFrequency_(
-				max( 
-					dict.getVal<int32>("updateFrequency"),
-					1
-					)),
-			NBSLevels_(
-				domain, 
-				minSize,
-				maxSize,
-				sizeRatio_,
-				position,
-				diam)
-		{}
-			
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		multiGridNBS(const multiGridNBS&) = default;
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		multiGridNBS& operator = (const multiGridNBS&) = default;
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		~multiGridNBS()=default;
-
-	//// - Methods 
-
-	bool enterBoadSearch()const
-	{
-		return currentIter_%updateFrequency_==0;
-	}
-
-	bool performedSearch()const
-	{
-		return performedSearch_;
-	}
-
-	int32 numLevels()const
-	{
-		return NBSLevels_.numLevels();
-	}
-
-	auto getCellsLevels()const
-	{
-		Vector<Cells> cellsLvl("cells", numLevels(), numLevels(), RESERVE());
-
-		for(int32 lvl=0; lvl<numLevels(); lvl++)
-		{
-			cellsLvl[lvl] = NBSLevels_.getCells(lvl) ;
-		}
-
-		return cellsLvl;
-	}
-
-	auto getCells(int32 lvl)const
-	{
-		return NBSLevels_.getCells(lvl);
-	}
-
-	auto getCellIterator(int32 lvl)const
-	{
-		return NBSLevels_.getCellIterator(lvl);	
-	}
-
-	bool objectSizeChanged(int32 newSize)
-	{
-		NBSLevels_.checkAllocateNext(newSize);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	// - Perform the broad search to find pairs
-	//	 with force = true, perform broad search regardless of 
-	//   updateFrequency_ value
-	//   on all the points in the range of [0,numPoints_)
-	template<typename PairsContainer>
-	bool broadSearch(PairsContainer& pairs, range activeRange, bool force=false)
-	{
-		
-		if(force) currentIter_ = 0;
-		performedSearch_ = false;
-
-		if( !performSearch() ) return true;
-		
-		
-		NBSLevels_.build(activeRange);
-		
-		NBSLevels_.findPairs(pairs);
-		
-		
-		performedSearch_ = true;		
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	// - Perform the broad search to find pairs,
-	//   ignore particles with incld(i) = true,
-	//	 with force = true, perform broad search regardless of 
-	//   updateFrequency_ value
-	template<typename PairsContainer, typename IncludeFunction>
-	bool broadSearch(PairsContainer& pairs, range activeRange, IncludeFunction incld, bool force = false)
-	{
-		if(force) currentIter_ = 0;
-		performedSearch_ = false;
-
-		if( !performSearch() ) return true;
-
-		NBSLevels_.build(activeRange, incld);
-	
-		NBSLevels_.findPairs(pairs);
-		
-		performedSearch_ = true;
-		return true;
-	}
-
-};
-
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/particleWallContactSearchs.cpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/particleWallContactSearchs.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..95a37309
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/particleWallContactSearchs.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+
+template <typename method>
+pFlow::particleWallContactSearchs<method>::particleWallContactSearchs
+(
+    const dictionary &dict, 
+    const box &domain, 
+    real minSize, 
+    real maxSize, 
+    const ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space> &position,
+    const pFlagTypeDevice &flags,  
+    const ViewType1D<real, memory_space> &diam
+)
+:
+    domainBox_(domain)
+{}
+
+template <typename method>
+bool pFlow::particleWallContactSearchs<method>::broadSearch
+(
+	uint32 iter,
+	real t,
+	real dt,
+	csPairContainerType& ppPairs,
+	csPairContainerType& pwPairs,
+	const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& pointPos,
+	const pFlagTypeDevice& flags,
+	const deviceViewType1D<real>& diameter,
+	bool  force
+)
+{
+	
+	if(!getMethod().impl_broadSearch(
+		ppPairs,
+		pwPairs,
+		pointPos,
+		flags,
+		diameter))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"Error in performing particle-particle broadSearch in method"<<
+		getMethod().typeName()<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+	
+	return true;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/particleWallContactSearchs.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/particleWallContactSearchs.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..71d2245c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/particleWallContactSearchs.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __particleWallContactSearchs_hpp__
+#define __particleWallContactSearchs_hpp__
+
+#include "pointFlag.hpp"
+#include "contactSearchGlobals.hpp"
+#include "box.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+template<typename method>
+class particleWallContactSearchs
+{
+public:
+
+	using MethodType 		= method;
+
+	using IndexType 		= uint32;
+
+	using execution_space 	= DefaultExecutionSpace;
+
+	using memory_space 		= typename execution_space::memory_space;
+
+private:
+
+	// friend 
+	friend 	MethodType;
+
+	/// @brief  box enclosing the simulation domain (local to processor)
+	box 		domainBox_;
+
+protected:
+
+	inline
+	auto& getMethod()
+	{
+		return static_cast<MethodType&>(*this);
+	}
+
+	inline
+	const auto& getMethod()const
+	{
+		return static_cast<const MethodType&>(*this);
+	}
+
+public:
+
+	particleWallContactSearchs(
+		const 	dictionary& dict,
+		const 	box& domain,
+		real  	minSize,
+		real 	maxSize,
+		const 	ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space>& position,
+		const 	pFlagTypeDevice &flags, 
+		const 	ViewType1D<real, memory_space>& diam
+	);
+
+	bool broadSearch
+	(
+		uint32 iter,
+		real t,
+		real dt,
+		csPairContainerType& ppPairs,
+		csPairContainerType& pwPairs,
+		const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& pointPos,
+    	const pFlagTypeDevice& flags,
+    	const deviceViewType1D<real>& diameter,
+		bool  force = false
+	);
+
+	real sizeRatio()const
+	{
+		return getMethod().sizeRatio();
+	}
+
+	real cellExtent()const
+	{
+		return getMethod().cellExtent();
+	}
+
+};
+
+
+} // pFlow
+
+#include "particleWallContactSearchs.cpp"
+
+#endif //__particleWallContactSearchs_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/wallMappings/cellMapping.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/wallMappings/cellMapping.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 5a10c248..00000000
--- a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/wallMappings/cellMapping.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-#ifndef __cellMapping_hpp__
-#define __cellMapping_hpp__
-
-#include "cellsWallLevel0.hpp"
-#include "dictionary.hpp"
-
-
-namespace pFlow
-{
-
-template<
-	typename executionSpace
-	>
-class cellMapping
-{
-public:
-
-	using cellsWallLevel0Type = cellsWallLevel0<executionSpace>;
-
-	using IdType 			= typename cellsWallLevel0Type::IdType;
-
-	using IndexType 	= typename cellsWallLevel0Type::IndexType;
-
-	using Cells 			= typename cellsWallLevel0Type::Cells;
-
-	using CellType 		= typename Cells::CellType;
-
-	using execution_space = typename cellsWallLevel0Type::execution_space;
-
-	using memory_space 		= typename cellsWallLevel0Type::memory_space;
-
-	using iBoxType = iBox<IndexType>;	
-
-	
-protected:
-
-	// - update frequency 
-	int32 			updateFrequency_=1;
-
-	real 				cellExtent_;
-
-	int32 			currentIter_ = 0;
-
-	/// a broad search has been occured during last pass?
-	bool 				performedSearch_ = false;
-
-	cellsWallLevel0Type  cellsWallLevle_;
-		
-private:
-
-	bool performSearch()
-	{
-		if(currentIter_ % updateFrequency_ == 0)
-		{
-			currentIter_++;
-			return true;
-
-		}else
-		{
-			currentIter_++;
-			return false;
-		}
-	}
-
-public:
-
-	TypeInfoNV("cellMapping");
-
-	cellMapping(
-		const dictionary&  		dict,
-		int32 					numLevels,
-		const Vector<Cells>& 	ppCells,
-		int32 					numPoints,
-		int32 					numElements,
-		const ViewType1D<realx3,memory_space>& 		points, 
-		const ViewType1D<int32x3,memory_space>& 	vertices
-		)
-	:
-		updateFrequency_(
-			max(
-				dict.getValOrSet<int32>(
-					"updateFrequency",
-					1),
-				1)),
-		cellExtent_(
-			max(
-				dict.getValOrSet<real>(
-					"cellExtent", 
-					0.5),
-				0.5)),
-		cellsWallLevle_(
-			ppCells[0],
-			cellExtent_,
-			numPoints,
-			numElements,
-			points,
-			vertices
-			)
-	{}
-
-
-	bool enterBoadSearch()const
-	{
-		return currentIter_%updateFrequency_==0;
-	}
-
-	bool performedSearch()const
-	{
-		return performedSearch_;
-	}
-		
-	template<typename PairsContainer, typename particleMapType>
-	bool broadSearch(PairsContainer& pairs, particleMapType& particleMap, bool force=false)
-	{
-		if(force) currentIter_ = 0;
-		performedSearch_= false;
-		if(!performSearch())return true;
-		
-		cellsWallLevle_.broadSearch(pairs, particleMap);
-
-		performedSearch_ = true;
-		return true;
-	}
-
-}; // cellMapping
-
-} // pFlow
-
-
-#endif 
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/wallMappings/cellsWallLevel0.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/wallMappings/cellsWallLevel0.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 65034507..00000000
--- a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/wallMappings/cellsWallLevel0.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,285 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-#ifndef __cellsWallLevel0_hpp__
-#define __cellsWallLevel0_hpp__
-
-#include "types.hpp"
-#include "KokkosTypes.hpp"	
-#include "cells.hpp"
-#include "iBox.hpp"
-
-
-
-namespace pFlow
-{
-
-template<
-	typename executionSpace
-	>
-class cellsWallLevel0
-:
-	public cells<int32>
-{
-public:
-
-	using IdType		= int32;
-
-	using IndexType 	= int32;
-
-	using Cells 		= cells<IndexType>;
-
-	using CellType 		= typename Cells::CellType;
-
-	using execution_space = executionSpace;
-
-	using memory_space 	= typename execution_space::memory_space;
-
-	using iBoxType 		= iBox<IndexType>;	
-
-	class TagFindCellRange2{};
-
-protected:
-
-	// - box extent
-	real 			cellExtent_ = 0.5;
-
-	// - number of triangle elements 
-	int32			numElements_ = 0;
-
-	// - number of points
-	int32 			numPoints_ = 0;
-
-	// - ref to vectices (borrowed)
-	ViewType1D<int32x3, memory_space> 	vertices_;
-
-	// - ref to points in the trisurface (borrowed)
-	ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space> 	points_;
-
-	// cell range of element/triangle bounding box
-	ViewType1D<iBoxType, memory_space> 	elementBox_;
-	
-
-	using tpPWContactSearch = Kokkos::TeamPolicy<
-			execution_space,
-			Kokkos::Schedule<Kokkos::Dynamic>,
-			Kokkos::IndexType<int32>
-			>;
-
-	using rpFindCellRange2Type =
-		Kokkos::RangePolicy<TagFindCellRange2, execution_space, Kokkos::IndexType<int32>>;
-
-	
-	FUNCTION_H
-	void allocateArrays()
-	{
-		reallocNoInit( elementBox_, numElements_);
-	}
-
-public:
-
-	TypeInfoNV("cellsWallLevel0");
-
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	cellsWallLevel0(){}
-
-	FUNCTION_H
-	cellsWallLevel0(
-		const Cells& 		ppCells,
-		real 						cellExtent,
-		int32 					numPoints,
-		int32 					numElements,
-		const ViewType1D<realx3,memory_space>& 		points, 
-		const ViewType1D<int32x3,memory_space>& 	vertices
-		)
-	:
-		Cells(ppCells),
-		cellExtent_( max(cellExtent, 0.5 ) ),
-		numElements_(numElements),
-		numPoints_(numPoints),
-		vertices_(vertices),
-		points_(points)
-	{
-
-		allocateArrays();
-	}
-
-	
-	// - host call
-	//   reset triangle elements if they have changed
-	bool resetElements( 
-		int32 			numElements,
-		int32       numPoints,
-		ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space>& points, 
-		ViewType1D<int32x3, memory_space>& vertices	)
-	{
-
-		numElements_ = numElements;
-		numPoints_ = numPoints;
-		points_ 	= points;
-		vertices_ 	= vertices;
-		
-		allocateArrays();
-
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	iBoxType elementBox(int32 i)const
-	{
-		return elementBox_[i];
-	}
-
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	int32 numElements()const
-	{
-		return numElements_;
-	}
-
-	
-		
-	template<typename PairsContainer, typename particleMapType>
-	bool broadSearch(PairsContainer& pairs, particleMapType& particleMap)
-	{
-	
-		// map walls onto the cells
-		this->build();
-		
-		this->particleWallFindPairs(pairs, particleMap);
-		
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	bool build()
-	{
-		Kokkos::parallel_for(
-			"cellsSimple::findcellrange2",
-			rpFindCellRange2Type(0,numElements_),
-			*this);
-		Kokkos::fence();
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	template<typename PairsContainer, typename particleMapType>
-	bool particleWallFindPairs(PairsContainer& pairs, particleMapType& particleMap)
-	{
-
-		int32 getFull = 1;
-
-		while (getFull)
-		{
-			
-			getFull = findPairsElementRangeCount(pairs, particleMap.getCellIterator(0));
-			
-			if(getFull)
-			{
-				// - resize the container
-				//   note that getFull now shows the number of failed insertions.
-				uint32 len = max(getFull, 50);
-				auto oldCap = pairs.capacity();
-				pairs.increaseCapacityBy(len);
-
-				INFORMATION<<"Contact pair container capacity increased from "<<
-						oldCap << " to " 
-						<< pairs.capacity() <<" in cellsWallLevel0."<<endINFO;
-				
-				Kokkos::fence();
-			}
-		}
-		
-		return true;
-	}
-
-
-	template<typename PairsContainer, typename CellIteratorType>
-	int32 findPairsElementRangeCount(PairsContainer& pairs, CellIteratorType cellIter) 
-	{
-		int32 getFull =0;
-		
-		const auto pwPairs = pairs;
-		const auto elementBox = elementBox_;
-		
-		Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
-			"cellsSimple::findPairsElementRangeModified2",
-			tpPWContactSearch(numElements_, Kokkos::AUTO),
-			LAMBDA_HD(
-				const typename tpPWContactSearch::member_type & teamMember,
-				int32& valueToUpdate){
-				
-				const int32 iTri = teamMember.league_rank();
-
-				const auto triBox = elementBox[iTri];
-				
-				int32 getFull2 = 0;
-
-				auto bExtent = boxExtent(triBox);
-				int32 numCellBox = bExtent.x()*bExtent.y()*bExtent.z();
-
-				Kokkos::parallel_reduce( 
-					Kokkos::TeamThreadRange( teamMember, numCellBox ),
-					[&] ( const int32 linIndex, int32 &innerUpdate )
-						{
-							
-							CellType cell;
-							indexToCell(linIndex, triBox, cell);
-
-							int32 n = cellIter.start(cell.x(),cell.y(),cell.z());
-						
-							while( n>-1)
-							{
-								// id is wall id the pair is (particle id, wall id)
-								if( pairs.insert(static_cast<IdType>(n), iTri) < 0 )
-									innerUpdate++;
-								n = cellIter.getNext(n);
-							}
-
-						},
-					getFull2
-				);
-
-				if ( teamMember.team_rank() == 0 ) valueToUpdate += getFull2;
-			},
-			getFull
-			);
-
-		return getFull;
-	}
-
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	void operator()(TagFindCellRange2, int32 i) const
-	{
-		auto v = vertices_[i];
-		auto p1 = points_[v.x()];
-		auto p2 = points_[v.y()];
-		auto p3 = points_[v.z()];
-		
-		realx3 minP, maxP;
-
-		this->extendBox(p1, p2, p3, cellExtent_, minP, maxP);
-		elementBox_[i] = iBoxType(this->pointIndex(minP), this->pointIndex(maxP));
-
-	}
-
-}; // cellsWallLevel0
-
-} // pFlow
-
-
-#endif // __cellsWallLevel0_hpp__
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/wallMappings/cellsWallLevels.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/wallMappings/cellsWallLevels.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 9f2c80ec..00000000
--- a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/wallMappings/cellsWallLevels.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,152 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-#ifndef __cellsWallLevels_hpp__
-#define __cellsWallLevels_hpp__
-
-#include "cellsWallLevel0.hpp"
-
-namespace pFlow
-{
-
-template<
-	typename executionSpace
-	>
-class cellsWallLevels
-{
-public:
-
-	using cellsWallLevel0Type = cellsWallLevel0<executionSpace>;
-
-	using IdType 			= typename cellsWallLevel0Type::IdType;
-
-	using IndexType 	= typename cellsWallLevel0Type::IndexType;
-
-	using Cells 			= typename cellsWallLevel0Type::Cells;
-
-	using CellType 		= typename Cells::CellType;
-
-	using execution_space = typename cellsWallLevel0Type::execution_space;
-
-	using memory_space 		= typename cellsWallLevel0Type::memory_space;
-
-	using iBoxType = iBox<IndexType>;
-
-protected:
-
-	int32 			numLevles_=1;
-	
-
-	Vector<cellsWallLevel0Type> 			cellsWallLevels_;	
-
-public:
-
-	TypeInfoNV("cellsWallLevels");
-
-	FUNCTION_H
-	cellsWallLevels(
-		int32 					numLevels,
-		const Vector<Cells>&	cellsLevels,
-		real 					cellExtent,
-		int32 					numPoints,
-		int32 					numElements,
-		const ViewType1D<realx3,memory_space>& 		points, 
-		const ViewType1D<int32x3,memory_space>& 	vertices
-		)
-	:
-		numLevles_(numLevels),
-		cellsWallLevels_("cellsWallLevels",numLevels, numLevels, RESERVE())
-	{
-
-		
-
-		for(int32 lvl=0; lvl<numLevles_; lvl++)
-		{
-			cellsWallLevels_[lvl] = 
-				cellsWallLevel0Type(
-					cellsLevels[lvl],
-					cellExtent,
-					numPoints,
-					numElements,
-					points,
-					vertices);
-		}
-
-	}
-	
-		
-	template<typename PairsContainer, typename particleMapType>
-	bool broadSearch(PairsContainer& pairs, particleMapType& particleMap)
-	{
-	
-		// map walls onto the cells
-		for(int32 lvl=0; lvl<numLevles_; lvl++)
-		{
-			cellsWallLevels_[lvl].build();
-		}
-		
-		this->particleWallFindPairs(pairs, particleMap);
-		
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	template<typename PairsContainer, typename particleMapType>
-	bool particleWallFindPairs(PairsContainer& pairs, particleMapType& particleMap)
-	{
-
-		int32 getFull = 1;
-
-		while (getFull)
-		{
-			getFull = 0;
-			for(int32 lvl=0; lvl<numLevles_; lvl++)
-			{
-				getFull += 
-					cellsWallLevels_[lvl].findPairsElementRangeCount(
-						pairs, 
-						particleMap.getCellIterator(lvl));
-			}
-			
-			if(getFull)
-			{
-				// - resize the container
-				//   note that getFull now shows the number of failed insertions.
-				uint32 len = max(getFull, 5000);
-				auto oldCap = pairs.capacity();
-				pairs.increaseCapacityBy(len);
-
-				INFORMATION<<"Contact pair container capacity increased from "<<
-						oldCap << " to " 
-						<< pairs.capacity() <<" in cellsWallLevels."<<endINFO;
-				
-				Kokkos::fence();
-			}
-		}
-		
-		return true;
-	}
-
-
-}; // cellsWallLevels
-
-} // pFlow
-
-
-#endif // __cellsWallLevels_hpp__
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/wallMappings/multiGridMapping.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/wallMappings/multiGridMapping.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 3a266f1f..00000000
--- a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/wallMappings/multiGridMapping.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,153 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-#ifndef __multiGridMapping_hpp__
-#define __multiGridMapping_hpp__
-
-#include "cellsWallLevels.hpp"
-#include "dictionary.hpp"
-
-
-namespace pFlow
-{
-
-template<
-	typename executionSpace
-	>
-class multiGridMapping
-{
-public:
-
-	using CellsWallLevelType = cellsWallLevels<executionSpace>;
-
-	using IdType 			= typename CellsWallLevelType::IdType;
-
-	using IndexType 	= typename CellsWallLevelType::IndexType;
-
-	using Cells 			= typename CellsWallLevelType::Cells;
-
-	using CellType 		= typename Cells::CellType;
-
-	using execution_space = typename CellsWallLevelType::execution_space;
-
-	using memory_space 		= typename CellsWallLevelType::memory_space;
-
-	using iBoxType = iBox<IndexType>;	
-
-	
-protected:
-
-	// - update frequency 
-	int32 			updateFrequency_=1;
-
-	real 				cellExtent_;
-
-	int32 			currentIter_ = 0;
-
-	/// a broad search has been occured during last pass?
-	bool 				performedSearch_ = false;
-
-	CellsWallLevelType  cellsWallLevle_;
-		
-private:
-
-	bool performSearch()
-	{
-		if(currentIter_ % updateFrequency_ == 0)
-		{
-			currentIter_++;
-			return true;
-
-		}else
-		{
-			currentIter_++;
-			return false;
-		}
-	}
-
-public:
-
-	TypeInfoNV("multiGridMapping");
-
-	multiGridMapping(
-		const dictionary&  			dict,
-		int32 					numLevels,
-		const Vector<Cells>& 	ppCells,
-		int32 					numPoints,
-		int32 					numElements,
-		const ViewType1D<realx3,memory_space>& 		points, 
-		const ViewType1D<int32x3,memory_space>& 	vertices
-		)
-	:
-		updateFrequency_(
-			max(
-				dict.getVal<int32>("updateFrequency"),
-				1)),
-		cellExtent_(
-			max(
-				dict.getVal<real>("cellExtent"),
-				0.5)),
-		cellsWallLevle_(
-			numLevels,
-			ppCells,
-			cellExtent_,
-			numPoints,
-			numElements,
-			points,
-			vertices
-			)
-	{
-
-		REPORT(3)<<"Multi-grid wall mapping with "<< 
-			yellowText(numLevels)<<" levels has been created."<<endREPORT;
-	}
-
-
-	bool enterBoadSearch()const
-	{
-		return currentIter_%updateFrequency_==0;
-	}
-
-	bool performedSearch()const
-	{
-		return performedSearch_;
-	}
-		
-	template<typename PairsContainer, typename particleMapType>
-	bool broadSearch(PairsContainer& pairs, particleMapType& particleMap, bool force=false)
-	{
-		if(force) currentIter_ = 0;
-		performedSearch_= false;
-		if(!performSearch())return true;
-
-
-		cellsWallLevle_.broadSearch(pairs, particleMap);
-
-
-		performedSearch_ = true;
-		return true;
-	}
-
-}; // multiGridMapping
-
-} // pFlow
-
-
-#endif 
diff --git a/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/boundaries/boundaryGrainInteraction/boundaryGrainInteraction.cpp b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/boundaries/boundaryGrainInteraction/boundaryGrainInteraction.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a2949227
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/boundaries/boundaryGrainInteraction/boundaryGrainInteraction.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#include "boundarySphereInteraction.hpp"
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+template <typename cFM, typename gMM>
+void pFlow::boundaryGrainInteraction<cFM, gMM>::allocatePPPairs()
+{
+	ppPairs_.reset(nullptr);
+	ppPairs_ = makeUnique<ContactListType>(1);
+}
+
+template <typename cFM, typename gMM>
+void pFlow::boundaryGrainInteraction<cFM, gMM>::allocatePWPairs()
+{
+	pwPairs_.reset(nullptr);
+	pwPairs_ = makeUnique<ContactListType>(1);
+}
+
+
+template <typename cFM, typename gMM>
+pFlow::boundaryGrainInteraction<cFM, gMM>::boundaryGrainInteraction(
+	const boundaryBase &boundary,
+	const grainParticles &grnPrtcls,
+	const GeometryMotionModel &geomMotion)
+	: generalBoundary(boundary, grnPrtcls.pStruct(), "", ""),
+	  geometryMotion_(geomMotion),
+	  grnParticles_(grnPrtcls)
+{
+}
+
+template <typename cFM, typename gMM>
+pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::boundaryGrainInteraction<cFM, gMM>>
+pFlow::boundaryGrainInteraction<cFM, gMM>::create(
+	const boundaryBase &boundary,
+	const grainParticles &grnPrtcls,
+	const GeometryMotionModel &geomMotion)
+{
+	word cfTypeName = ContactForceModel::TYPENAME();
+	word gmTypeName = MotionModel::TYPENAME();
+	word bType = boundary.type();
+
+	word boundaryTypeName = angleBracketsNames3(
+		"boundaryGrainInteraction",
+		bType,
+		cfTypeName,
+		gmTypeName);
+
+	word altBTypeName = angleBracketsNames2(
+		"boundaryGrainInteraction",
+		cfTypeName,
+		gmTypeName);
+
+	if (boundaryBasevCtorSelector_.search(boundaryTypeName))
+	{
+		pOutput.space(4) << "Creating boundry type " << Green_Text(boundaryTypeName) << 
+		" for boundary " << boundary.name() << " . . ." << END_REPORT;
+		return boundaryBasevCtorSelector_[boundaryTypeName](
+			boundary,
+			grnPrtcls,
+			geomMotion);
+	}
+	else if(boundaryBasevCtorSelector_[altBTypeName])
+	{
+		// if boundary condition is not implemented, the default is used
+		
+		pOutput.space(4) << "Creating boundry type " << Green_Text(altBTypeName) << 
+		" for boundary " << boundary.name() << " . . ." << END_REPORT;
+		return boundaryBasevCtorSelector_[altBTypeName](
+			boundary,
+			grnPrtcls,
+			geomMotion);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		printKeys
+		( 
+			fatalError << "Ctor Selector "<< boundaryTypeName<<
+			" and "<< altBTypeName << " do not exist. \n"
+			<<"Avaiable ones are: \n\n"
+			,
+			boundaryBasevCtorSelector_
+		);
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+	return nullptr;
+}
diff --git a/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/boundaries/boundaryGrainInteraction/boundaryGrainInteraction.hpp b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/boundaries/boundaryGrainInteraction/boundaryGrainInteraction.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4800194c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/boundaries/boundaryGrainInteraction/boundaryGrainInteraction.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __boundaryGrainInteraction_hpp__
+#define __boundaryGrainInteraction_hpp__
+
+#include "virtualConstructor.hpp"
+#include "generalBoundary.hpp"
+#include "sortedContactList.hpp"
+#include "grainParticles.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+template<typename contactForceModel,typename geometryMotionModel>
+class boundaryGrainInteraction
+:
+    public generalBoundary
+{
+public:
+	
+	using BoundaryGrainInteractionType
+			= boundaryGrainInteraction<contactForceModel, geometryMotionModel>;
+
+    using GeometryMotionModel 	= geometryMotionModel;
+	
+	using ContactForceModel 	= contactForceModel;
+
+	using MotionModel 			= typename geometryMotionModel::MotionModel;
+
+	using ModelStorage 			= typename ContactForceModel::contactForceStorage;
+	
+	using IdType 			    = uint32;
+
+	using IndexType    		    = uint32;
+    
+    using ContactListType = 
+        sortedContactList<ModelStorage, DefaultExecutionSpace, IdType>;
+
+private:
+
+	const GeometryMotionModel& 			geometryMotion_;
+
+	/// const reference to sphere particles 
+	const grainParticles& 				grnParticles_;
+    
+	uniquePtr<ContactListType> 			ppPairs_ = nullptr;
+
+	uniquePtr<ContactListType>			pwPairs_ = nullptr;
+
+protected:
+
+	void allocatePPPairs();
+
+	void allocatePWPairs();
+
+public:
+
+	TypeInfoTemplate12("boundaryGrainInteraction", ContactForceModel, MotionModel);
+
+	boundaryGrainInteraction(
+		const boundaryBase& boundary,
+		const grainParticles& grnPrtcls,
+		const GeometryMotionModel& geomMotion);
+
+	create_vCtor
+	(
+		BoundaryGrainInteractionType,
+		boundaryBase,
+		(
+			const boundaryBase& boundary,
+			const grainParticles& grnPrtcls,
+			const GeometryMotionModel& geomMotion
+		),
+		(boundary, grnPrtcls, geomMotion)
+	);
+
+	add_vCtor
+	(
+		BoundaryGrainInteractionType,
+		BoundaryGrainInteractionType,
+		boundaryBase
+	);
+
+	~boundaryGrainInteraction()override=default;
+
+	const auto& grnParticles()const
+	{
+		return grnParticles_;
+	}
+
+	const auto& geometryMotion()const
+	{
+		return geometryMotion_;
+	}
+
+	ContactListType& ppPairs()
+	{
+		return ppPairs_();
+	}
+
+	const ContactListType& ppPairs()const
+	{
+		return ppPairs_();
+	}
+
+	ContactListType& pwPairs()
+	{
+		return pwPairs_();
+	}
+
+	const ContactListType& pwPairs()const
+	{
+		return pwPairs_();
+	}
+
+	bool ppPairsAllocated()const
+	{
+		if( ppPairs_)return true;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	bool pwPairsAllocated()const
+	{
+		if( pwPairs_)return true;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	virtual
+	bool grainGrainInteraction(
+		real dt,
+		const ContactForceModel& cfModel,
+		uint32 step)
+	{
+		// for default boundary, no thing to be done 
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+
+	bool hearChanges
+	(
+		real t,
+		real dt,
+		uint32 iter,
+		const message& msg, 
+    	const anyList& varList
+	) override
+    {
+		
+		pOutput<<"Function (hearChanges in boundarySphereInteractions)is not implmented Message "<<
+		 msg <<endl<<" name "<< this->boundaryName() <<" type "<< this->type()<<endl;;
+		//notImplementedFunction;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	static
+	uniquePtr<BoundaryGrainInteractionType> create(
+		const boundaryBase& boundary,
+		const grainParticles& sphPrtcls,
+		const GeometryMotionModel& geomMotion
+	);
+
+};
+
+}
+
+#include "boundaryGrainInteraction.cpp"
+
+#endif //__boundaryGrainInteraction_hpp__
diff --git a/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/boundaries/boundaryGrainInteractionList.cpp b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/boundaries/boundaryGrainInteractionList.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7875210d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/boundaries/boundaryGrainInteractionList.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+
+template <typename CFModel, typename gMModel>
+pFlow::boundaryGrainInteractionList<CFModel, gMModel>::boundaryGrainInteractionList
+(
+    const grainParticles &grnPrtcls, 
+    const gMModel &geomMotion
+)
+:
+	ListPtr<boundaryGrainInteraction<CFModel,gMModel>>(6),
+	boundaries_(grnPrtcls.pStruct().boundaries())
+{
+	//gSettings::sleepMiliSeconds(1000*pFlowProcessors().localRank());
+	for(uint32 i=0; i<6; i++)
+	{
+		this->set(
+			i,
+			boundaryGrainInteraction<CFModel, gMModel>::create(
+				boundaries_[i],
+				grnPrtcls, 
+				geomMotion));
+	}	
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/boundaries/boundaryGrainInteractionList.hpp b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/boundaries/boundaryGrainInteractionList.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ed4cabc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/boundaries/boundaryGrainInteractionList.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#ifndef __boundaryGrainInteractionList_hpp__
+#define __boundaryGrainInteractionList_hpp__
+
+
+#include "boundaryList.hpp"
+#include "ListPtr.hpp"
+#include "boundaryGrainInteraction.hpp"
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+
+template<typename contactForceModel,typename geometryMotionModel>
+class boundaryGrainInteractionList
+:
+    public ListPtr<boundaryGrainInteraction<contactForceModel,geometryMotionModel>>
+{
+private:
+
+    const boundaryList&         boundaries_;
+
+public:
+
+    boundaryGrainInteractionList(
+        const grainParticles& grnPrtcls,
+		const geometryMotionModel& geomMotion
+    );
+
+    ~boundaryGrainInteractionList()=default;
+
+};
+
+
+
+}
+
+#include "boundaryGrainInteractionList.cpp"
+
+#endif //__boundaryGrainInteractionList_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/boundaries/createBoundaryGrainInteraction.hpp b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/boundaries/createBoundaryGrainInteraction.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..12049af0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/boundaries/createBoundaryGrainInteraction.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "boundaryGrainInteraction.hpp"
+#include "periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction.hpp"
+
+#define createBoundaryGrainInteraction(ForceModel,GeomModel) 	\
+	template class pFlow::boundaryGrainInteraction<			\
+	ForceModel,													\
+	GeomModel>;													\
+																\
+	template class pFlow::periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction<	\
+	ForceModel,													\
+	GeomModel>;
+
diff --git a/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/boundaries/periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction/periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction.cpp b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/boundaries/periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction/periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0eedf973
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/boundaries/periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction/periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+	  O        C enter of
+	 O O       E ngineering and
+	O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "periodicBoundarySIKernels.hpp"
+
+template <typename cFM, typename gMM>
+pFlow::periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction<cFM, gMM>::periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction(
+	const boundaryBase &boundary,
+	const grainParticles &grnPrtcls,
+	const GeometryMotionModel &geomMotion)
+	: boundaryGrainInteraction<cFM,gMM>(boundary, grnPrtcls, geomMotion),
+	transferVec_(boundary.mirrorBoundary().displacementVectroToMirror())
+{
+	if(boundary.thisBoundaryIndex()%2==1)
+    {
+    	masterInteraction_ = true;
+		this->allocatePPPairs();
+		this->allocatePWPairs();
+	   
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        masterInteraction_ = false;
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename cFM, typename gMM>
+bool pFlow::periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction<cFM, gMM>::grainGrainInteraction
+(
+	real dt,
+	const ContactForceModel &cfModel,
+	uint32 step
+)
+{
+	if(!masterInteraction_) return false;
+	
+	pFlow::periodicBoundarySIKernels::grainGrainInteraction(
+		dt,
+		this->ppPairs(),
+		cfModel,
+		transferVec_,
+		this->boundary().thisPoints(),
+		this->mirrorBoundary().thisPoints(),
+		this->grnParticles().diameter().deviceViewAll(),
+		this->grnParticles().coarseGrainFactor().deviceViewAll(),
+		this->grnParticles().propertyId().deviceViewAll(),
+		this->grnParticles().velocity().deviceViewAll(),
+		this->grnParticles().rVelocity().deviceViewAll(),
+		this->grnParticles().contactForce().deviceViewAll(),
+		this->grnParticles().contactTorque().deviceViewAll());
+
+	return false;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/boundaries/periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction/periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction.hpp b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/boundaries/periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction/periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e9148c9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/boundaries/periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction/periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction_hpp__
+#define __periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction_hpp__
+
+#include "boundaryGrainInteraction.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+template<typename contactForceModel,typename geometryMotionModel>
+class periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction
+:
+    public boundaryGrainInteraction<contactForceModel, geometryMotionModel>
+{
+public:
+
+    using PBSInteractionType = 
+        periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction<contactForceModel,geometryMotionModel>;
+
+    using BSInteractionType = 
+        boundaryGrainInteraction<contactForceModel, geometryMotionModel>;
+
+    using GeometryMotionModel 	= typename BSInteractionType::GeometryMotionModel;
+	
+	using ContactForceModel 	= typename BSInteractionType::ContactForceModel;
+
+	using MotionModel 			= typename geometryMotionModel::MotionModel;
+
+	using ModelStorage 			= typename ContactForceModel::contactForceStorage;
+	
+	using IdType 			    = typename BSInteractionType::IdType;
+
+	using IndexType    		    = typename BSInteractionType::IndexType;
+    
+    using ContactListType       = typename BSInteractionType::ContactListType; 
+
+private:
+
+    realx3  transferVec_;
+    
+    bool    masterInteraction_;
+public:
+
+    TypeInfoTemplate22("boundaryGrainInteraction", "periodic",ContactForceModel, MotionModel);
+
+	
+    periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction(
+        const boundaryBase& boundary,
+		const grainParticles& grnPrtcls,
+		const GeometryMotionModel& geomMotion
+    );
+
+    add_vCtor
+    (
+        BSInteractionType,
+        PBSInteractionType,
+        boundaryBase
+    );
+    
+    ~periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction()override = default;
+
+
+    
+
+    bool grainGrainInteraction(
+        real dt,
+		const ContactForceModel& cfModel,
+        uint32 step)override;
+	
+};
+
+}
+
+#include "periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction.cpp"
+
+
+#endif //__periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/boundaries/periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction/periodicBoundarySIKernels.hpp b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/boundaries/periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction/periodicBoundarySIKernels.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6a8a618e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/boundaries/periodicBoundaryGrainInteraction/periodicBoundarySIKernels.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+
+namespace pFlow::periodicBoundarySIKernels
+{
+
+template<typename ContactListType, typename ContactForceModel>
+inline
+void grainGrainInteraction
+(
+    real dt,
+    const ContactListType&              cntctList,
+    const ContactForceModel&            forceModel,
+    const realx3&                       transferVec,
+    const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<realx3>& thisPoints,
+    const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<realx3>& mirrorPoints,
+    const deviceViewType1D<real>& diam,
+    const deviceViewType1D<real>& coarseGrainFactor,
+    const deviceViewType1D<uint32>& propId,
+    const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& vel,
+    const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& rVel,
+    const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& cForce,
+    const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& cTorque
+)
+{
+    
+    using ValueType = typename ContactListType::ValueType;
+    uint32 ss = cntctList.size();
+    uint32 lastItem = cntctList.loopCount();
+    if(lastItem == 0u)return;
+
+    Kokkos::parallel_for(
+        "pFlow::periodicBoundarySIKernels::grainGrainInteraction",
+        deviceRPolicyDynamic(0,lastItem),
+        LAMBDA_HD(uint32 n)
+        {
+
+        if(!cntctList.isValid(n))return;
+
+            auto [i,j] = cntctList.getPair(n);
+            uint32 ind_i = thisPoints.index(i);
+            uint32 ind_j = mirrorPoints.index(j);
+
+            real Ri = 0.5*diam[ind_i];
+            real Rj = 0.5*diam[ind_j];
+            real cGFi = coarseGrainFactor[ind_i];
+            real cGFj = coarseGrainFactor[ind_j];
+            realx3 xi = thisPoints.field()[ind_i];
+            realx3 xj = mirrorPoints.field()[ind_j]+transferVec;
+            real dist = length(xj-xi);
+            real ovrlp = (Ri+Rj) - dist;
+            
+            if( ovrlp >0.0 )
+            {
+                auto Nij = (xj-xi)/dist;
+                auto wi = rVel[ind_i];
+                auto wj = rVel[ind_j];
+                auto Vr = vel[ind_i] - vel[ind_j] + cross((Ri*wi+Rj*wj), Nij);
+                
+                auto history = cntctList.getValue(n);
+
+                int32 propId_i = propId[ind_i];
+                int32 propId_j = propId[ind_j];
+
+                realx3 FCn, FCt, Mri, Mrj, Mij, Mji;
+
+                // calculates contact force 
+                forceModel.contactForce(
+                    dt, i, j,
+                    propId_i, propId_j,
+                    Ri, Rj, cGFi , cGFj ,
+                    ovrlp,
+                    Vr, Nij,
+                    history,
+                    FCn, FCt);
+
+                forceModel.rollingFriction(
+                    dt, i, j,
+                    propId_i, propId_j,
+                    Ri, Rj, cGFi , cGFj ,
+                    wi, wj,
+                    Nij,
+                    FCn,
+                    Mri, Mrj);
+
+                auto M = cross(Nij,FCt);
+                Mij = Ri*M+Mri;
+                Mji = Rj*M+Mrj;
+                
+                auto FC = FCn + FCt;
+                
+
+                Kokkos::atomic_add(&cForce[ind_i].x_,FC.x_);
+                Kokkos::atomic_add(&cForce[ind_i].y_,FC.y_);
+                Kokkos::atomic_add(&cForce[ind_i].z_,FC.z_);
+
+                Kokkos::atomic_add(&cForce[ind_j].x_,-FC.x_);
+                Kokkos::atomic_add(&cForce[ind_j].y_,-FC.y_);
+                Kokkos::atomic_add(&cForce[ind_j].z_,-FC.z_);
+
+                Kokkos::atomic_add(&cTorque[ind_i].x_, Mij.x_);
+                Kokkos::atomic_add(&cTorque[ind_i].y_, Mij.y_);
+                Kokkos::atomic_add(&cTorque[ind_i].z_, Mij.z_);
+
+                Kokkos::atomic_add(&cTorque[ind_j].x_, Mji.x_);
+                Kokkos::atomic_add(&cTorque[ind_j].y_, Mji.y_);
+                Kokkos::atomic_add(&cTorque[ind_j].z_, Mji.z_);
+                
+
+                cntctList.setValue(n,history);
+
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                cntctList.setValue(n, ValueType());
+            }
+
+        });
+    Kokkos::fence();
+}
+
+
+} //pFlow::periodicBoundarySIKernels
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteraction/grainInteraction.cpp b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteraction/grainInteraction.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..65c84a77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteraction/grainInteraction.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+template<typename cFM,typename gMM,template <class, class, class> class cLT>
+bool pFlow::grainInteraction<cFM,gMM, cLT>::createGrainInteraction()
+{
+	
+	realVector_D rhoD("densities", this->densities());
+
+	auto modelDict = this->subDict("model");
+
+	forceModel_ = makeUnique<ContactForceModel>(
+		this->numMaterials(),
+		rhoD.deviceView(),
+		modelDict );
+
+
+	uint32 nPrtcl = grnParticles_.size();
+
+	contactSearch_ = contactSearch::create(
+	subDict("contactSearch"),
+	grnParticles_.extendedDomain().domainBox(),
+	grnParticles_,
+	geometryMotion_,
+	timers());
+
+	ppContactList_ = makeUnique<ContactListType>(nPrtcl+1);
+	
+	pwContactList_ = makeUnique<ContactListType>(nPrtcl/5+1);
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+template<typename cFM,typename gMM,template <class, class, class> class cLT>
+bool pFlow::grainInteraction<cFM,gMM, cLT>::grainGrainInteraction()
+{
+	auto lastItem = ppContactList_().loopCount();
+
+	// create the kernel functor 
+	pFlow::grainInteractionKernels::ppInteractionFunctor 
+		ppInteraction(
+			this->dt(),
+			this->forceModel_(),
+			ppContactList_(), // to be read
+			grnParticles_.diameter().deviceViewAll(),
+			grnParticles_.coarseGrainFactor().deviceViewAll(),
+			grnParticles_.propertyId().deviceViewAll(),
+			grnParticles_.pointPosition().deviceViewAll(),
+			grnParticles_.velocity().deviceViewAll(),
+			grnParticles_.rVelocity().deviceViewAll(),
+			grnParticles_.contactForce().deviceViewAll(),
+			grnParticles_.contactTorque().deviceViewAll()
+			);
+	
+	Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		"ppInteraction",
+		rpPPInteraction(0,lastItem),
+		ppInteraction
+		);
+
+	Kokkos::fence();	
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+template<typename cFM,typename gMM,template <class, class, class> class cLT>
+bool pFlow::grainInteraction<cFM,gMM, cLT>::grainWallInteraction()
+{
+	
+	uint32 lastItem = pwContactList_().loopCount();
+	uint32 iter = this->currentIter();
+	real t = this->currentTime();
+	real dt = this->dt();
+
+	pFlow::grainInteractionKernels::pwInteractionFunctor
+		pwInteraction(
+			dt,
+			this->forceModel_(),
+			pwContactList_(),
+			geometryMotion_.getTriangleAccessor(), 
+			geometryMotion_.getModel(iter, t, dt) , 
+			grnParticles_.diameter().deviceViewAll() ,
+			grnParticles_.coarseGrainFactor().deviceViewAll() ,
+			grnParticles_.propertyId().deviceViewAll(),
+			grnParticles_.pointPosition().deviceViewAll(),
+			grnParticles_.velocity().deviceViewAll(),
+			grnParticles_.rVelocity().deviceViewAll() ,
+			grnParticles_.contactForce().deviceViewAll(),
+			grnParticles_.contactTorque().deviceViewAll() ,
+			geometryMotion_.triMotionIndex().deviceViewAll(),
+			geometryMotion_.propertyId().deviceViewAll(),
+			geometryMotion_.contactForceWall().deviceViewAll()
+		);
+
+	Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		"",
+		rpPWInteraction(0,lastItem),
+		pwInteraction
+		);
+
+	
+	Kokkos::fence();
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+template<typename cFM,typename gMM,template <class, class, class> class cLT>
+pFlow::grainInteraction<cFM,gMM, cLT>::grainInteraction
+(
+	systemControl& control,
+	const particles& prtcl,
+	const geometry& geom
+)
+:
+	interaction(control, prtcl, geom),
+	geometryMotion_(dynamic_cast<const GeometryMotionModel&>(geom)),
+	grnParticles_(dynamic_cast<const grainParticles&>(prtcl)),
+	boundaryInteraction_(grnParticles_,geometryMotion_),
+	ppInteractionTimer_("grain-graine interaction (internal)", &this->timers()),
+	pwInteractionTimer_("grain-wall interaction (internal)", &this->timers()),
+	boundaryInteractionTimer_("grain-grain interaction (boundary)",&this->timers()),
+	contactListMangementTimer_("list management (interal)", &this->timers()),
+	contactListMangementBoundaryTimer_("list management (boundary)", &this->timers())
+{
+	
+	if(!createGrainInteraction())
+	{
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+	for(uint32 i=0; i<6; i++)
+	{
+		activeBoundaries_[i] = boundaryInteraction_[i].ppPairsAllocated();
+	}
+}
+
+template<typename cFM,typename gMM,template <class, class, class> class cLT>
+bool pFlow::grainInteraction<cFM,gMM, cLT>::beforeIteration()
+{
+	return true;
+}
+
+template<typename cFM,typename gMM,template <class, class, class> class cLT>
+bool pFlow::grainInteraction<cFM,gMM, cLT>::iterate()
+{
+	
+	timeInfo ti = this->TimeInfo();
+	auto iter = ti.iter();
+	auto t = ti.t();
+	auto dt = ti.dt();
+
+	auto& contactSearchRef = contactSearch_();
+
+	bool broadSearch = contactSearchRef.enterBroadSearch(ti);
+	bool broadSearchBoundary = contactSearchRef.enterBroadSearchBoundary(ti);
+
+	/// update boundaries of the fields that are being used by inreaction 
+	grnParticles_.diameter().updateBoundaries(DataDirection::SlaveToMaster);
+	grnParticles_.velocity().updateBoundaries(DataDirection::SlaveToMaster);
+	grnParticles_.rVelocity().updateBoundaries(DataDirection::SlaveToMaster);
+	grnParticles_.propertyId().updateBoundaries(DataDirection::SlaveToMaster);
+	
+	/// lists 
+	if(broadSearch)
+	{
+		contactListMangementTimer_.start();
+		ComputationTimer().start();
+			ppContactList_().beforeBroadSearch();
+			pwContactList_().beforeBroadSearch();
+		ComputationTimer().end();
+		contactListMangementTimer_.pause();
+	} 
+
+	if(broadSearchBoundary)
+	{
+		contactListMangementBoundaryTimer_.start();
+		ComputationTimer().start();
+		for(uint32 i=0; i<6u; i++)
+		{
+			if(activeBoundaries_[i])
+			{
+				auto& BI = boundaryInteraction_[i];
+				BI.ppPairs().beforeBroadSearch();
+				BI.pwPairs().beforeBroadSearch();
+			} 
+		}
+		ComputationTimer().end();
+		contactListMangementBoundaryTimer_.pause();	
+	}
+	
+	if( grnParticles_.numActive()<=0)return true;
+	
+	ComputationTimer().start();
+	if( !contactSearchRef.broadSearch(
+			ti,		
+			ppContactList_(),
+			pwContactList_()) )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"unable to perform broadSearch.\n";
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+	
+	for(uint32 i=0; i<6u; i++)
+	{
+		if(activeBoundaries_[i])
+		{
+			auto& BI = boundaryInteraction_[i];
+			if(!contactSearchRef.boundaryBroadSearch(
+				i,
+				ti,
+				BI.ppPairs(),
+				BI.pwPairs())
+			)
+			{
+				fatalErrorInFunction<<
+				"failed to perform broadSearch for boundary index "<<i<<endl;
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	ComputationTimer().end();
+	
+	if(broadSearch && contactSearchRef.performedSearch())
+	{
+		contactListMangementTimer_.resume();
+		ComputationTimer().start();
+			ppContactList_().afterBroadSearch();
+			pwContactList_().afterBroadSearch();
+		ComputationTimer().end();
+		contactListMangementTimer_.end();
+	}
+
+	if(broadSearchBoundary && contactSearchRef.performedSearchBoundary())
+	{
+		contactListMangementBoundaryTimer_.resume();
+		ComputationTimer().start();
+		for(uint32 i=0; i<6u; i++)
+		{
+			if(activeBoundaries_[i])
+			{
+				auto& BI = boundaryInteraction_[i];
+				BI.ppPairs().afterBroadSearch();
+				BI.pwPairs().afterBroadSearch();
+			}
+		}
+		ComputationTimer().end();
+		contactListMangementBoundaryTimer_.end();
+	}
+	
+	/// peform contact search on boundareis with active contact search (master boundaries)
+	auto requireStep = boundariesMask<6>(true);
+	const auto& cfModel = this->forceModel_();
+	uint32 step=1;
+	boundaryInteractionTimer_.start();
+	ComputationTimer().start();
+	while(requireStep.anyElement(true) && step <= 10)
+	{
+		for(uint32 i=0; i<6u; i++)
+		{
+			if(requireStep[i] )
+			{
+				requireStep[i] = boundaryInteraction_[i].grainGrainInteraction(
+					dt, 
+					this->forceModel_(),
+					step
+				);
+			}		
+		}
+		step++;
+	}
+	ComputationTimer().end();
+	boundaryInteractionTimer_.pause();
+	
+
+	ppInteractionTimer_.start();
+	ComputationTimer().start();
+		grainGrainInteraction();
+	ComputationTimer().end();
+	ppInteractionTimer_.end();
+
+	
+	pwInteractionTimer_.start();
+	ComputationTimer().start();
+		grainWallInteraction();
+	ComputationTimer().start();
+	pwInteractionTimer_.end();
+
+	{
+	boundaryInteractionTimer_.resume();
+	ComputationTimer().start();
+	auto requireStep = boundariesMask<6>(true);
+
+	uint32 step = 11;
+	const auto& cfModel = this->forceModel_();
+	while( requireStep.anyElement(true) && step < 20 )
+	{
+		for(uint32 i=0; i<6u; i++)
+		{
+			if(requireStep[i])
+			{
+				requireStep[i] = boundaryInteraction_[i].grainGrainInteraction(
+					dt, 
+					cfModel,
+					step
+				);
+			}		
+		}
+		step++;
+	}
+	ComputationTimer().end();
+	boundaryInteractionTimer_.end();
+	}
+	
+	return true;
+}
+
+template<typename cFM,typename gMM,template <class, class, class> class cLT>
+bool pFlow::grainInteraction<cFM,gMM, cLT>::afterIteration()
+{
+	return true;
+}
+
+template<typename cFM,typename gMM,template <class, class, class> class cLT>
+bool pFlow::grainInteraction<cFM,gMM, cLT>::hearChanges
+(
+	real t,
+	real dt,
+	uint32 iter,
+	const message& msg, 
+	const anyList& varList
+)
+{
+	if(msg.equivalentTo(message::ITEM_REARRANGE))
+	{
+		notImplementedFunction;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteraction/grainInteraction.hpp b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteraction/grainInteraction.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2d30165b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteraction/grainInteraction.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __grainInteraction_hpp__ 
+#define __grainInteraction_hpp__
+
+#include "interaction.hpp"
+#include "grainParticles.hpp"
+#include "boundaryGrainInteractionList.hpp"
+#include "grainInteractionKernels.hpp"
+#include "boundariesMask.hpp"
+#include "MPITimer.hpp"
+//#include "unsortedContactList.hpp"
+
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+template<
+	typename contactForceModel,
+	typename geometryMotionModel,
+	template <class, class, class> class contactListType>
+class grainInteraction
+:
+	public interaction
+{
+public:
+
+	using GeometryMotionModel 	= geometryMotionModel;
+	
+	using ContactForceModel 	= contactForceModel;
+
+	using MotionModel 			= typename geometryMotionModel::MotionModel;
+
+	using ModelStorage 			= typename ContactForceModel::contactForceStorage;
+
+	using BoundaryListType 		= boundaryGrainInteractionList<ContactForceModel,GeometryMotionModel>;
+	
+	using IdType 			= uint32;
+
+	using IndexType    		= uint32;
+
+	using ContactListType 	= 
+			contactListType<ModelStorage, DefaultExecutionSpace, IdType>;
+
+	//using BoundaryContactListType = unsortedContactList<ModelStorage, DefaultExecutionSpace, IdType>;
+	
+
+
+private:
+	
+	/// const reference to geometry
+	const GeometryMotionModel& 			geometryMotion_;
+
+	/// const reference to particles 
+	const grainParticles& 				grnParticles_;
+
+	/// particle-particle and particle-wall interactions at boundaries 
+	BoundaryListType 					boundaryInteraction_;	
+
+	/// a mask for active boundaries (boundaries with intreaction)
+	boundariesMask<6> 					activeBoundaries_;
+
+	/// contact search object for pp and pw interactions 
+	uniquePtr<contactSearch> 			contactSearch_ = nullptr;
+
+	/// contact force model 
+	uniquePtr<ContactForceModel>  		forceModel_ 	= nullptr;
+
+	/// contact list for particle-particle interactoins (keeps the history)
+	uniquePtr<ContactListType> 			ppContactList_ = nullptr;
+
+	/// contact list for particle-wall interactions (keeps the history)
+	uniquePtr<ContactListType> 			pwContactList_ = nullptr;
+
+
+	/// timer for particle-particle interaction computations
+	Timer 		ppInteractionTimer_;
+
+	/// timer for particle-wall interaction computations
+	Timer       pwInteractionTimer_;
+
+	/// timer for boundary interaction time 
+	Timer 		boundaryInteractionTimer_;
+
+	/// timer for managing contact lists (only inernal points)
+	Timer 		contactListMangementTimer_;	
+
+	Timer 		contactListMangementBoundaryTimer_;
+
+	
+
+	bool createGrainInteraction();
+
+	bool grainGrainInteraction();
+
+	bool grainWallInteraction();
+
+	/// range policy for p-p interaction execution 
+	using rpPPInteraction = 
+		Kokkos::RangePolicy<Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>, Kokkos::Schedule<Kokkos::Dynamic>>;
+
+	/// range policy for p-w interaction execution 
+	using rpPWInteraction = rpPPInteraction;
+
+public:
+
+	TypeInfoTemplate13("grainInteraction", ContactForceModel, MotionModel, ContactListType);
+
+	/// Constructor from components
+	grainInteraction(
+		systemControl& control,
+		const particles& prtcl,
+		const geometry& geom);
+	
+
+	/// Add virtual constructor 
+	add_vCtor
+	(
+		interaction,
+		grainInteraction, 
+		systemControl
+	);
+
+	/// This is called in time loop, before iterate. (overriden from demComponent)
+	bool beforeIteration() override;
+	
+	/// This is called in time loop. Perform the main calculations 
+	/// when the component should evolve along time. (overriden from demComponent)
+	bool iterate() override; 
+	
+	/// This is called in time loop, after iterate. (overriden from demComponent)
+	bool afterIteration() override;
+
+	/// Check for changes in the point structures. (overriden from observer)
+	bool hearChanges(
+		real t,
+		real dt,
+		uint32 iter,
+		const message& msg, 
+		const anyList& varList)override;
+	
+	
+};
+
+
+}
+
+#include "grainInteraction.cpp"
+
+#endif //__grainInteraction_hpp__
diff --git a/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteraction/grainInteractionKernels.hpp b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteraction/grainInteractionKernels.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7ee5ef39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteraction/grainInteractionKernels.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __grainInteractionKernels_hpp__
+#define __grainInteractionKernels_hpp__
+
+
+#include "grainTriSurfaceContact.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow::grainInteractionKernels
+{
+
+template<
+	typename ContactForceModel, 
+	typename ContactListType>
+struct ppInteractionFunctor
+{
+
+	using PairType = typename ContactListType::PairType;
+	using ValueType = typename ContactListType::ValueType;
+
+	real dt_;
+
+	ContactForceModel forceModel_;
+	ContactListType   tobeFilled_;
+
+	deviceViewType1D<real>  		diam_;
+	deviceViewType1D<real>  		coarseGrainFactor_;
+	deviceViewType1D<uint32> 		propId_;
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  		pos_;
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  		lVel_;
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  		rVel_;
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3>	cForce_;
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3>	cTorque_;
+
+
+	ppInteractionFunctor(
+		real dt,
+		ContactForceModel 		forceModel,
+		ContactListType 		tobeFilled,
+		deviceViewType1D<real>  		diam,
+		deviceViewType1D<real>  coarseGrainFactor,
+		deviceViewType1D<uint32> 		propId,
+		deviceViewType1D<realx3>  		pos,
+		deviceViewType1D<realx3>  		lVel,
+		deviceViewType1D<realx3>  		rVel,
+		deviceViewType1D<realx3>		cForce,
+		deviceViewType1D<realx3> 		cTorque )
+	:
+		dt_(dt),
+		forceModel_(forceModel),
+		tobeFilled_(tobeFilled),
+		diam_(diam),
+		coarseGrainFactor_(coarseGrainFactor),
+		propId_(propId),
+		pos_(pos),
+		lVel_(lVel),
+		rVel_(rVel),
+		cForce_(cForce), // this is converted to an atomic vector 
+		cTorque_(cTorque) // this is converted to an atomic vector 
+	{}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	void operator()(const uint32 n)const
+	{
+		
+		if(!tobeFilled_.isValid(n))return;
+
+		auto [i,j] = tobeFilled_.getPair(n);
+		
+		real Ri = 0.5*diam_[i];
+		real Rj = 0.5*diam_[j];
+
+		real cGFi = coarseGrainFactor_[j];
+		real cGFj = coarseGrainFactor_[j];
+
+		realx3 xi = pos_[i];
+		realx3 xj = pos_[j];
+		real dist = length(xj-xi);
+		real ovrlp = (Ri+Rj) - dist;
+		
+		if( ovrlp >0.0 )
+		{
+			
+			auto Vi = lVel_[i];
+			auto Vj = lVel_[j];
+			auto wi = rVel_[i];
+			auto wj = rVel_[j];
+			auto Nij = (xj-xi)/dist;
+			auto Vr = Vi - Vj + cross((Ri*wi+Rj*wj), Nij);
+			
+			auto history = tobeFilled_.getValue(n);
+
+			int32 propId_i = propId_[i];
+			int32 propId_j = propId_[j];
+
+			realx3 FCn, FCt, Mri, Mrj, Mij, Mji;
+
+			// calculates contact force 
+			forceModel_.contactForce(
+				dt_, i, j,
+				propId_i, propId_j,
+				Ri, Rj, cGFi , cGFj ,
+				ovrlp,
+				Vr, Nij,
+				history,
+				FCn, FCt
+				);
+
+			forceModel_.rollingFriction(
+				dt_, i, j,
+				propId_i, propId_j,
+				Ri, Rj, cGFi , cGFj , 
+				wi, wj,
+				Nij,
+				FCn,
+				Mri, Mrj
+				);
+
+			auto M = cross(Nij,FCt);
+			Mij = Ri*M+Mri;
+			Mji = Rj*M+Mrj;
+			
+			auto FC = FCn + FCt;
+			
+			Kokkos::atomic_add(&cForce_[i].x_,FC.x_);
+			Kokkos::atomic_add(&cForce_[i].y_,FC.y_);
+			Kokkos::atomic_add(&cForce_[i].z_,FC.z_);
+
+			Kokkos::atomic_add(&cForce_[j].x_,-FC.x_);
+			Kokkos::atomic_add(&cForce_[j].y_,-FC.y_);
+			Kokkos::atomic_add(&cForce_[j].z_,-FC.z_);
+
+			Kokkos::atomic_add(&cTorque_[i].x_, Mij.x_);
+			Kokkos::atomic_add(&cTorque_[i].y_, Mij.y_);
+			Kokkos::atomic_add(&cTorque_[i].z_, Mij.z_);
+
+			Kokkos::atomic_add(&cTorque_[j].x_, Mji.x_);
+			Kokkos::atomic_add(&cTorque_[j].y_, Mji.y_);
+			Kokkos::atomic_add(&cTorque_[j].z_, Mji.z_);
+			
+
+			tobeFilled_.setValue(n,history);
+
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			tobeFilled_.setValue(n, ValueType());
+		}
+
+	}
+};
+
+
+template<
+	typename ContactForceModel, 
+	typename ContactListType,
+	typename TraingleAccessor,
+	typename MotionModel>
+struct pwInteractionFunctor
+{
+	using PairType = typename ContactListType::PairType;
+	using ValueType = typename ContactListType::ValueType;
+
+	real dt_;
+
+	ContactForceModel 	forceModel_;
+	ContactListType   	tobeFilled_;
+
+	TraingleAccessor 		triangles_;
+	MotionModel  			motionModel_;
+
+	deviceViewType1D<real>  	diam_;
+	deviceViewType1D<real>  	coarseGrainFactor_;
+	deviceViewType1D<uint32>	propId_;
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  	pos_;
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  	lVel_;
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  	rVel_;
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3>	cForce_;
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3>	cTorque_;
+	deviceViewType1D<uint32> 	wTriMotionIndex_;
+	deviceViewType1D<uint32>    wPropId_;
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3>    wCForce_;
+	
+
+	pwInteractionFunctor(
+		real dt,
+		ContactForceModel 		forceModel,
+		ContactListType   		tobeFilled,
+		TraingleAccessor		triangles,
+		MotionModel 			motionModel ,
+		deviceViewType1D<real>  	diam ,
+		deviceViewType1D<real>  	coarseGrainFactor,
+		deviceViewType1D<uint32>  	propId,
+		deviceViewType1D<realx3>   	pos ,
+		deviceViewType1D<realx3>   	lVel,
+		deviceViewType1D<realx3>   	rVel,
+		deviceViewType1D<realx3> 	cForce,
+		deviceViewType1D<realx3> 	cTorque ,
+		deviceViewType1D<uint32> 	wTriMotionIndex,
+		deviceViewType1D<uint32>    wPropId,
+		deviceViewType1D<realx3>    wCForce)
+	:
+		dt_(dt),
+		forceModel_(forceModel),
+		tobeFilled_(tobeFilled),
+		triangles_(triangles) ,
+		motionModel_(motionModel) ,
+		diam_(diam) ,
+		coarseGrainFactor_(coarseGrainFactor),
+		propId_(propId),
+		pos_(pos) ,
+		lVel_(lVel),
+		rVel_(rVel) ,
+		cForce_(cForce),
+		cTorque_(cTorque) ,
+		wTriMotionIndex_(wTriMotionIndex) ,
+		wPropId_(wPropId),
+		wCForce_(wCForce)
+	{}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	void operator()(const int32 n)const
+	{
+
+		if(!tobeFilled_.isValid(n))return;
+
+		auto [i,tj] = tobeFilled_.getPair(n);
+		
+		real Ri = 0.5*diam_[i];
+		real Rj = 10000.0;
+		real cGFi = coarseGrainFactor_[i];
+		real cGFj = coarseGrainFactor_[i];
+		realx3 xi = pos_[i];
+		
+		realx3x3 tri = triangles_(tj); 
+		real ovrlp;
+		realx3 Nij, cp;
+
+		if(	pFlow::grnTriInteraction::isGrainInContactBothSides(
+			tri, xi, Ri, ovrlp, Nij, cp) )
+		{
+			auto  Vi = lVel_[i];
+			auto wi = rVel_[i];
+
+			int32 mInd	= wTriMotionIndex_[tj];
+			
+			auto Vw = motionModel_(mInd, cp);
+			
+			//output<< "par-wall index "<< i<<" - "<< tj<<endl;
+			
+			auto Vr = Vi - Vw + cross(Ri*wi, Nij);
+			
+			auto history = tobeFilled_.getValue(n);
+
+			int32 propId_i = propId_[i];
+			int32 wPropId_j = wPropId_[tj];
+
+			realx3 FCn, FCt, Mri, Mrj, Mij;
+			//output<< "before "<<history.overlap_t_<<endl;
+			// calculates contact force 
+			forceModel_.contactForce(
+				dt_, i, tj,
+				propId_i, wPropId_j,
+				Ri, Rj, cGFi , cGFj ,
+				ovrlp,
+				Vr, Nij,
+				history,
+				FCn, FCt
+				);
+
+			//output<< "after "<<history.overlap_t_<<endl;
+
+			forceModel_.rollingFriction(
+				dt_, i, tj,
+				propId_i, wPropId_j,
+				Ri, Rj, cGFi , cGFj ,
+				wi, 0.0,
+				Nij,
+				FCn,
+				Mri, Mrj
+				);
+
+			auto M = cross(Nij,FCt);
+			Mij = Ri*M+Mri;
+			//output<< "FCt = "<<FCt <<endl;
+			//output<< "FCn = "<<FCn <<endl;
+			//output<<"propId i, tj"<< propId_i << " "<<wPropId_j<<endl;
+			//output<<"par i , wj"<< i<<" "<< tj<<endl;
+
+			auto FC = FCn + FCt;
+
+			Kokkos::atomic_add(&cForce_[i].x_,FC.x_);
+			Kokkos::atomic_add(&cForce_[i].y_,FC.y_);
+			Kokkos::atomic_add(&cForce_[i].z_,FC.z_);
+
+			Kokkos::atomic_add(&wCForce_[tj].x_,-FC.x_);
+			Kokkos::atomic_add(&wCForce_[tj].y_,-FC.y_);
+			Kokkos::atomic_add(&wCForce_[tj].z_,-FC.z_);
+
+			
+			Kokkos::atomic_add(&cTorque_[i].x_, Mij.x_);
+			Kokkos::atomic_add(&cTorque_[i].y_, Mij.y_);
+			Kokkos::atomic_add(&cTorque_[i].z_, Mij.z_);
+
+			tobeFilled_.setValue(n,history);
+
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			tobeFilled_.setValue(n,ValueType());
+		}
+		
+	}
+
+};
+
+} 
+
+#endif //__grainInteractionKernels_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteraction/grainTriSurfaceContact.hpp b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteraction/grainTriSurfaceContact.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8cb7c5ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteraction/grainTriSurfaceContact.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+
+#ifndef __grainTriSurfaceContact_hpp__
+#define __grainTriSurfaceContact_hpp__
+
+#include "triWall.hpp"
+#include "pLine.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow::grnTriInteraction
+{
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+bool pointInPlane(
+	const realx3& p1,
+	const realx3& p2,
+	const realx3& p3,
+	const realx3& p )
+{
+
+	realx3 p1p = p1 - p;
+	realx3 p2p = p2 - p;
+	realx3 p3p = p3 - p;
+
+	real p1p2 = dot(p1p, p2p);
+	real p2p3 = dot(p2p, p3p);
+	real p2p2 = dot(p2p, p2p);
+	real p1p3 = dot(p1p, p3p);
+
+	// first condition u.v < 0
+	// u.v = [(p1-p)x(p2-p)].[(p2-p)x(p3-p)] = (p1p.p2p)(p2p.p3p) - (p2p.p2p)(p1p.p3p) 
+	if (p1p2*p2p3 - p2p2*p1p3 < 0.0) return false;
+
+
+	// second condition u.w < 0
+	// u.w = [(p1-p)x(p2-p)].[(p3-p)x(p1-p)] = (p1p.p3p)(p2p.p1p) - (p2p.p3p)(p1p.p1p)
+	real p1p1 = dot(p1p, p1p);
+	if (p1p3*p1p2 - p2p3*p1p1 < (0.0)) return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+void cramerRule2(real A[2][2], real B[2], real & x1, real &x2)
+{
+	real det = (A[0][0] * A[1][1] - A[1][0]*A[0][1]);
+	x1 = (B[0]*A[1][1] - B[1]*A[0][1]) / det;
+	x2 = (A[0][0] * B[1] - A[1][0] * B[0])/ det;
+}
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+bool pointInPlane(
+	const realx3& p1,
+	const realx3& p2,
+	const realx3& p3,
+	const realx3 &p,
+	int32 &Ln)
+{
+	realx3 v0 = p2 - p1;
+	realx3 v1 = p3 - p1;
+	realx3 v2 = p - p1;
+
+	real A[2][2] = { dot(v0, v0), dot(v0, v1), dot(v1, v0), dot(v1, v1) };
+	real B[2] = { dot(v0, v2), dot(v1, v2) };
+	real nu, w;
+
+	cramerRule2(A, B, nu, w);
+	real nuW = nu + w;
+		
+	
+	if (nuW > 1) 
+	{
+		Ln = 2;	return true;
+	}
+	else if (nuW >= 0)
+	{
+		if (nu >= 0 && w >= 0)
+		{
+			Ln = 0;	return true;
+		}
+		if (nu > 0 && w < 0)
+		{
+			Ln = 1;	return true;
+		}
+		if (nu < 0 && w > 0)
+		{
+			Ln = 3;	return true;
+		}
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		Ln = 1;	return true;
+	}
+	
+	return false;
+}
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+bool isGrainInContactActiveSide(
+	const realx3& p1,
+	const realx3& p2,
+	const realx3& p3,
+	const realx3& cntr,
+	real 	rad,
+	real& 	ovrlp,
+	realx3& norm,
+	realx3& cp)
+{
+	
+	triWall wall(true, p1,p2,p3);
+
+	real dist = wall.normalDistFromWall(cntr);
+	
+	if(dist < 0.0 )return false;
+
+	ovrlp = rad - dist;
+
+	if (ovrlp > 0)
+	{
+		realx3 ptOnPlane = wall.nearestPointOnWall(cntr);
+		
+		if (pointInPlane(p1, p2, p3, ptOnPlane))
+		{
+			cp = ptOnPlane;
+			norm = -wall.n_;
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		realx3 lnv;
+		
+		if (pLine(p1,p2).lineGrainCheck(cntr, rad, lnv, cp, ovrlp))
+		{
+			norm = -lnv;
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		if ( pLine(p2,p3).lineGrainCheck(cntr, rad, lnv, cp, ovrlp))
+		{
+			norm = -lnv;
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		if ( pLine(p3,p1).lineGrainCheck(cntr, rad, lnv, cp, ovrlp))
+		{
+			norm = -lnv;
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+			
+	return false;
+}
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+bool isGrainInContactBothSides(
+	const realx3x3& tri,
+	const realx3& cntr,
+	real 	Rad,
+	real& 	ovrlp,
+	realx3& norm,
+	realx3& cp)
+{
+	
+	triWall wall(true, tri.x_,tri.y_,tri.z_);
+
+	real dist = wall.normalDistFromWall(cntr);
+	
+	
+	ovrlp = Rad - abs(dist);
+
+	if (ovrlp > 0)
+	{
+		realx3 ptOnPlane = wall.nearestPointOnWall(cntr);
+		
+		if (pointInPlane(tri.x_,tri.y_,tri.z_,ptOnPlane))
+		{
+			cp = ptOnPlane;
+			
+			if(dist >= 0.0)
+				norm = -wall.n_;
+			else
+				norm = wall.n_;
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		realx3 lnv;
+		
+		if (pLine(tri.x_, tri.y_).lineGrainCheck(cntr, Rad, lnv, cp, ovrlp))
+		{
+			norm = -lnv;
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		if ( pLine(tri.y_, tri.z_).lineGrainCheck(cntr, Rad, lnv, cp, ovrlp))
+		{
+			norm = -lnv;
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		if ( pLine(tri.z_, tri.x_).lineGrainCheck(cntr, Rad, lnv, cp, ovrlp))
+		{
+			norm = -lnv;
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+			
+	return false;
+}
+
+
+} // pFlow::grnTriInteraction
+
+
+#endif //__grainTriSurfaceContact_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteraction/pLine.hpp b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteraction/pLine.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..848ff66f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteraction/pLine.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __pLine_hpp__
+#define __pLine_hpp__
+
+#include "types.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow::grnTriInteraction
+{
+
+struct pLine
+{
+
+	realx3 p1_; // point 1
+	realx3 p2_; // piont 2
+	realx3 v_;  // direction vector 
+	real  L_;  // line lenght
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	pLine(){}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD 
+	pLine(const realx3 &p1, const realx3 &p2)
+	:
+		p1_(p1),
+		p2_(p2),
+		v_(p2-p1),
+		L_(length(v_))
+	{}
+	 	
+	// get a point on the line based on input  0<= t <= 1
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD 
+	realx3 point(real t)const {
+		return v_ * t + p1_;
+		}
+
+	// return the projected point of point p on line
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	realx3 projectPoint(const realx3 &p) const
+	{
+		return point(projectNormLength(p));
+	}
+
+	// calculates the normalized distance between projected p and p1 
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	real projectNormLength(realx3 p) const 
+	{
+		realx3 w = p - p1_;
+		return dot(w,v_) / (L_*L_);
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	bool lineGrainCheck(
+		const realx3 pos,
+		real Rad,
+		realx3 &nv,
+		realx3 &cp,
+		real &ovrlp)const
+	{
+
+		
+		real t = projectNormLength(pos);
+
+		if(t >= 0.0 && t <= 1.0) 			 	 cp = point(t);
+		else if(t >= (-Rad / L_) && t < 0.0) 	 cp = point(0.0);
+		else if(t>1.0 && t >= (1.0 + Rad / L_)) cp = point(1.0);
+		else return false;
+		
+		realx3 vec = pos - cp; // from cp to pos
+
+		real dist = length(vec);
+		ovrlp = Rad - dist;
+
+		if (ovrlp >= 0.0)
+		{
+			if (dist > 0)
+				nv = vec / dist;
+			else
+				nv = v_;
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		return false;
+	}
+};
+
+} //pFlow::grnTriInteractio
+
+#endif 
diff --git a/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteraction/triWall.hpp b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteraction/triWall.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5a0086a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteraction/triWall.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __triWall_hpp__
+#define __triWall_hpp__
+
+#include "types.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow::grnTriInteraction
+{
+
+struct triWall
+{
+	
+	realx3 n_;
+	real   offset_;
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+	triWall(const realx3& p1, const realx3& p2, const realx3& p3)
+	{
+		if(!makeWall(p1,p2,p3, n_, offset_))
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"bad input for the wall.\n";
+			fatalExit;
+		}
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	triWall(bool, const realx3& p1, const realx3& p2, const realx3& p3)
+	{
+		makeWall(p1,p2,p3,n_,offset_);
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	triWall(const realx3x3& tri)
+	{
+		makeWall(tri.x_, tri.y_, tri.z_, n_, offset_);
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	triWall(const triWall&) = default;
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	triWall& operator=(const triWall&) = default;
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	triWall(triWall&&) = default;
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	triWall& operator=(triWall&&) = default;
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	~triWall()=default;
+
+	
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD 
+	real normalDistFromWall(const realx3 &p) const
+	{
+		return dot(n_, p) + offset_;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	realx3 nearestPointOnWall(const realx3 &p) const
+	{
+		real t = -(dot(n_, p) + offset_);
+		return realx3(n_.x_*t + p.x_, n_.y_*t + p.y_, n_.z_*t + p.z_);
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD static 
+	bool makeWall(
+		const realx3& p1,
+		const realx3& p2,
+		const realx3& p3,
+		realx3& n, real& offset)
+	{
+		n = cross(p2 - p1, p3 - p1);
+		real len = length(n);
+	
+		if (len < 0.00000000001) return false;
+		n /= len;
+		offset = -dot(n, p1);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+}; 
+
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteractionsLinearModels.cpp b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteractionsLinearModels.cpp
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..d047df09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteractionsLinearModels.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "grainInteraction.hpp"
+#include "geometryMotions.hpp"
+#include "grainContactForceModels.hpp"
+#include "unsortedContactList.hpp"
+#include "sortedContactList.hpp"
+#include "createBoundaryGrainInteraction.hpp"
+
+
+
+#define createInteraction(ForceModel,GeomModel) 	\
+													\
+	template class pFlow::grainInteraction< 		\
+		ForceModel,									\
+		GeomModel,									\
+		pFlow::unsortedContactList>;				\
+													\
+	template class pFlow::grainInteraction< 		\
+		ForceModel,									\
+		GeomModel,									\
+		pFlow::sortedContactList>;					\
+	createBoundaryGrainInteraction(ForceModel, GeomModel)
+
+
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::grainRolling<pFlow::cfModels::cGAbsoluteLinear<true>>, pFlow::rotationAxisMotionGeometry);
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::grainRolling<pFlow::cfModels::cGRelativeLinear<true>>, pFlow::rotationAxisMotionGeometry);
+
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::grainRolling<pFlow::cfModels::cGAbsoluteLinear<false>>, pFlow::rotationAxisMotionGeometry);
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::grainRolling<pFlow::cfModels::cGRelativeLinear<false>>, pFlow::rotationAxisMotionGeometry);
+
+
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::grainRolling<pFlow::cfModels::cGAbsoluteLinear<true>>, pFlow::stationaryGeometry);
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::grainRolling<pFlow::cfModels::cGRelativeLinear<true>>, pFlow::stationaryGeometry);
+
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::grainRolling<pFlow::cfModels::cGAbsoluteLinear<false>>, pFlow::stationaryGeometry);
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::grainRolling<pFlow::cfModels::cGRelativeLinear<false>>, pFlow::stationaryGeometry);
+
+
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::grainRolling<pFlow::cfModels::cGAbsoluteLinear<true>>, pFlow::vibratingMotionGeometry);
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::grainRolling<pFlow::cfModels::cGRelativeLinear<true>>, pFlow::vibratingMotionGeometry);
+
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::grainRolling<pFlow::cfModels::cGAbsoluteLinear<false>>, pFlow::vibratingMotionGeometry);
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::grainRolling<pFlow::cfModels::cGRelativeLinear<false>>, pFlow::vibratingMotionGeometry);
+
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::grainRolling<pFlow::cfModels::cGAbsoluteLinear<true>>, pFlow::conveyorBeltMotionGeometry);
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::grainRolling<pFlow::cfModels::cGRelativeLinear<true>>, pFlow::conveyorBeltMotionGeometry);
+
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::grainRolling<pFlow::cfModels::cGAbsoluteLinear<false>>, pFlow::conveyorBeltMotionGeometry);
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::grainRolling<pFlow::cfModels::cGRelativeLinear<false>>, pFlow::conveyorBeltMotionGeometry);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Geometry/geometryMotion/geometryMotionsInstantiate.cpp b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteractionsNonLinearModModels.cpp
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
similarity index 62%
rename from src/Geometry/geometryMotion/geometryMotionsInstantiate.cpp
rename to src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteractionsNonLinearModModels.cpp
index a8ec4fd9..462b5eb3
--- a/src/Geometry/geometryMotion/geometryMotionsInstantiate.cpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteractionsNonLinearModModels.cpp
@@ -18,15 +18,26 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-#include "fixedWall.hpp"
-#include "rotatingAxisMotion.hpp"
-#include "multiRotatingAxisMotion.hpp"
-#include "vibratingMotion.hpp"
+#include "grainInteraction.hpp"
+#include "geometryMotions.hpp"
+#include "grainContactForceModels.hpp"
+#include "unsortedContactList.hpp"
+#include "sortedContactList.hpp"
+#include "createBoundaryGrainInteraction.hpp"
 
-template class pFlow::geometryMotion<pFlow::fixedWall>;
 
-template class pFlow::geometryMotion<pFlow::rotatingAxisMotion>;
 
-template class pFlow::geometryMotion<pFlow::multiRotatingAxisMotion>;
+#define createInteraction(ForceModel,GeomModel) 	\
+													\
+	template class pFlow::grainInteraction< 		\
+		ForceModel,									\
+		GeomModel,									\
+		pFlow::unsortedContactList>;				\
+													\
+	template class pFlow::grainInteraction< 		\
+		ForceModel,									\
+		GeomModel,									\
+		pFlow::sortedContactList>;					\
+	createBoundaryGrainInteraction(ForceModel, GeomModel)
+
 
-template class pFlow::geometryMotion<pFlow::vibratingMotion>;
diff --git a/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteractionsNonLinearModels.cpp b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteractionsNonLinearModels.cpp
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..462b5eb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/grainInteraction/grainInteractionsNonLinearModels.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "grainInteraction.hpp"
+#include "geometryMotions.hpp"
+#include "grainContactForceModels.hpp"
+#include "unsortedContactList.hpp"
+#include "sortedContactList.hpp"
+#include "createBoundaryGrainInteraction.hpp"
+
+
+
+#define createInteraction(ForceModel,GeomModel) 	\
+													\
+	template class pFlow::grainInteraction< 		\
+		ForceModel,									\
+		GeomModel,									\
+		pFlow::unsortedContactList>;				\
+													\
+	template class pFlow::grainInteraction< 		\
+		ForceModel,									\
+		GeomModel,									\
+		pFlow::sortedContactList>;					\
+	createBoundaryGrainInteraction(ForceModel, GeomModel)
+
+
diff --git a/src/Interaction/interaction/interaction.cpp b/src/Interaction/interaction/interaction.cpp
index 8d368c29..03abbb4b 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/interaction/interaction.cpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/interaction/interaction.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@ Licence:
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #include "interaction.hpp"
-
+#include "particles.hpp"
+#include "vocabs.hpp"
+#include "geometry.hpp"
 
 pFlow::interaction::interaction
 (
@@ -28,26 +30,16 @@ pFlow::interaction::interaction
 	const geometry& geom
 )
 :
-	demInteraction(control, control.caseSetup().path()+interactionFile__),
-	interactionBase(prtcl, geom),
-	fileDict_(control.caseSetup().emplaceObject<dictionary>(
-		objectFile(
-			interactionFile__,
-			"",
-			objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
-			objectFile::WRITE_NEVER),
-		interactionFile__,
-		true ))
+	property(interactionFile__, &control.caseSetup()),
+	observer
+	(
+		&prtcl.dynPointStruct(),
+		msg_
+	),
+	demComponent("interaction", control),
+	particles_(prtcl),
+	geometry_(geom)
 {
-	this->subscribe(prtcl.pStruct());
-
-	contactSearch_ = contactSearch::create(
-		fileDict_.subDict("contactSearch"),
-		this->control().domain(),
-		prtcl,
-		geom,
-		timers()
-		 );
 
 }
 
@@ -79,14 +71,14 @@ pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::interaction> pFlow::interaction::create
 			clType);
 
 
-	REPORT(1)<< "Selecting interaction model..."<<endREPORT;
+	gSettings::sleepMiliSeconds(
+			100*(pFlowProcessors().localSize()-pFlowProcessors().localRank()-1));
+	pOutput.space(2)<<"Creating interaction "<<Green_Text(interactionModel)<<" . . ."<<END_REPORT;
 	if( systemControlvCtorSelector_.search(interactionModel) )
 	{
 		auto objPtr = 
 			systemControlvCtorSelector_[interactionModel]
-			(control, prtcl, geom);
-
-		REPORT(2)<<"Model "<<greenText(interactionModel)<<" is created."<<endREPORT;
+			(control, prtcl, geom);	
 		return objPtr;
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/Interaction/interaction/interaction.hpp b/src/Interaction/interaction/interaction.hpp
index 97372bcc..a2a4e1f3 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/interaction/interaction.hpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/interaction/interaction.hpp
@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@ Licence:
 #ifndef __interaction_hpp__
 #define __interaction_hpp__
 
-#include "demInteraction.hpp"
-#include "eventObserver.hpp"
-#include "interactionBase.hpp"
+#include "demComponent.hpp"
+#include "property.hpp"
+#include "observer.hpp"
+#include "systemControl.hpp"
 #include "contactSearch.hpp"
 
 
@@ -31,27 +32,26 @@ Licence:
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
+class particles;
+class geometry;
+
 class interaction
 :
-	public demInteraction,
-	public eventObserver,
-	public interactionBase
-{
-public:
+	public property,
+	public observer,
+	public demComponent
 	
-	using IdType 				= typename interactionBase::IdType;
+{
+private:
 
-	using IndexType    			= typename interactionBase::IndexType;
+	/// reference to particles object 
+	const particles& 	particles_;
 
-	using ExecutionSpace 	 	= typename interactionBase::ExecutionSpace;
+	/// reference to geometry object 
+	const geometry& 	geometry_;
 
-protected:
-
-	/// interaction file dictionary 
-	dictionary& 				fileDict_;
-
-	/// contact search object for pp and pw interactions 
-	uniquePtr<contactSearch> 	contactSearch_ = nullptr;
+	static inline
+	const message msg_ = message::ITEM_REARRANGE;
 
 public:
 
@@ -65,11 +65,10 @@ public:
 			const particles& prtcl,
 			const geometry& geom );
 		
+		~interaction() override = default;
 
-	
-		virtual ~interaction() = default;
-
-		create_vCtor(
+		create_vCtor
+		(
 			interaction,
 			systemControl,
 			(
@@ -78,21 +77,18 @@ public:
 				const geometry& geom
 			),
 			(control, prtcl, geom)
-			);
+		);
 	
-	auto& contactSearchPtr()
+	inline
+	const auto& Particles()const
 	{
-		return contactSearch_;
+		return particles_;
 	}
 
-	auto& contactSearchRef()
+	inline
+	const auto& Geometry()const
 	{
-		return contactSearch_();
-	}
-
-	const auto& fileDict()const
-	{
-		return fileDict_;
+		return geometry_;
 	}
 
 	static 
diff --git a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/boundaries/boundarySphereInteraction/boundarySphereInteraction.cpp b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/boundaries/boundarySphereInteraction/boundarySphereInteraction.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..74a50bd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/boundaries/boundarySphereInteraction/boundarySphereInteraction.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#include "boundarySphereInteraction.hpp"
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+template <typename cFM, typename gMM>
+void pFlow::boundarySphereInteraction<cFM, gMM>::allocatePPPairs()
+{
+	ppPairs_.reset(nullptr);
+	ppPairs_ = makeUnique<ContactListType>(1);
+}
+
+template <typename cFM, typename gMM>
+void pFlow::boundarySphereInteraction<cFM, gMM>::allocatePWPairs()
+{
+	pwPairs_.reset(nullptr);
+	pwPairs_ = makeUnique<ContactListType>(1);
+}
+
+
+template <typename cFM, typename gMM>
+pFlow::boundarySphereInteraction<cFM, gMM>::boundarySphereInteraction(
+	const boundaryBase &boundary,
+	const sphereParticles &sphPrtcls,
+	const GeometryMotionModel &geomMotion)
+	: generalBoundary(boundary, sphPrtcls.pStruct(), "", ""),
+	  geometryMotion_(geomMotion),
+	  sphParticles_(sphPrtcls)
+{
+}
+
+template <typename cFM, typename gMM>
+pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::boundarySphereInteraction<cFM, gMM>>
+pFlow::boundarySphereInteraction<cFM, gMM>::create(
+	const boundaryBase &boundary,
+	const sphereParticles &sphPrtcls,
+	const GeometryMotionModel &geomMotion)
+{
+	word cfTypeName = ContactForceModel::TYPENAME();
+	word gmTypeName = MotionModel::TYPENAME();
+	word bType = boundary.type();
+
+	word boundaryTypeName = angleBracketsNames3(
+		"boundarySphereInteraction",
+		bType,
+		cfTypeName,
+		gmTypeName);
+
+	word altBTypeName = angleBracketsNames2(
+		"boundarySphereInteraction",
+		cfTypeName,
+		gmTypeName);
+
+	if (boundaryBasevCtorSelector_.search(boundaryTypeName))
+	{
+		pOutput.space(4) << "Creating boundry type " << Green_Text(boundaryTypeName) << 
+		" for boundary " << boundary.name() << " . . ." << END_REPORT;
+		return boundaryBasevCtorSelector_[boundaryTypeName](
+			boundary,
+			sphPrtcls,
+			geomMotion);
+	}
+	else if(boundaryBasevCtorSelector_[altBTypeName])
+	{
+		// if boundary condition is not implemented, the default is used
+		
+		pOutput.space(4) << "Creating boundry type " << Green_Text(altBTypeName) << 
+		" for boundary " << boundary.name() << " . . ." << END_REPORT;
+		return boundaryBasevCtorSelector_[altBTypeName](
+			boundary,
+			sphPrtcls,
+			geomMotion);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		printKeys
+		( 
+			fatalError << "Ctor Selector "<< boundaryTypeName<<
+			" and "<< altBTypeName << " do not exist. \n"
+			<<"Avaiable ones are: \n\n"
+			,
+			boundaryBasevCtorSelector_
+		);
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+	return nullptr;
+}
diff --git a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/boundaries/boundarySphereInteraction/boundarySphereInteraction.hpp b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/boundaries/boundarySphereInteraction/boundarySphereInteraction.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b36188c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/boundaries/boundarySphereInteraction/boundarySphereInteraction.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __boundarySphereInteraction_hpp__
+#define __boundarySphereInteraction_hpp__
+
+#include "virtualConstructor.hpp"
+#include "generalBoundary.hpp"
+#include "sortedContactList.hpp"
+#include "sphereParticles.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+template<typename contactForceModel,typename geometryMotionModel>
+class boundarySphereInteraction
+:
+    public generalBoundary
+{
+public:
+	
+	using BoundarySphereInteractionType
+			= boundarySphereInteraction<contactForceModel, geometryMotionModel>;
+
+    using GeometryMotionModel 	= geometryMotionModel;
+	
+	using ContactForceModel 	= contactForceModel;
+
+	using MotionModel 			= typename geometryMotionModel::MotionModel;
+
+	using ModelStorage 			= typename ContactForceModel::contactForceStorage;
+	
+	using IdType 			    = uint32;
+
+	using IndexType    		    = uint32;
+    
+    using ContactListType = 
+        sortedContactList<ModelStorage, DefaultExecutionSpace, IdType>;
+
+private:
+
+	const GeometryMotionModel& 			geometryMotion_;
+
+	/// const reference to sphere particles 
+	const sphereParticles& 				sphParticles_;
+    
+	uniquePtr<ContactListType> 			ppPairs_ = nullptr;
+
+	uniquePtr<ContactListType>			pwPairs_ = nullptr;
+
+protected:
+
+	void allocatePPPairs();
+
+	void allocatePWPairs();
+
+public:
+
+	TypeInfoTemplate12("boundarySphereInteraction", ContactForceModel, MotionModel);
+
+	boundarySphereInteraction(
+		const boundaryBase& boundary,
+		const sphereParticles& sphPrtcls,
+		const GeometryMotionModel& geomMotion);
+
+	create_vCtor
+	(
+		BoundarySphereInteractionType,
+		boundaryBase,
+		(
+			const boundaryBase& boundary,
+			const sphereParticles& sphPrtcls,
+			const GeometryMotionModel& geomMotion
+		),
+		(boundary, sphPrtcls, geomMotion)
+	);
+
+	add_vCtor
+	(
+		BoundarySphereInteractionType,
+		BoundarySphereInteractionType,
+		boundaryBase
+	);
+
+	~boundarySphereInteraction()override=default;
+
+	const auto& sphParticles()const
+	{
+		return sphParticles_;
+	}
+
+	const auto& geometryMotion()const
+	{
+		return geometryMotion_;
+	}
+
+	ContactListType& ppPairs()
+	{
+		return ppPairs_();
+	}
+
+	const ContactListType& ppPairs()const
+	{
+		return ppPairs_();
+	}
+
+	ContactListType& pwPairs()
+	{
+		return pwPairs_();
+	}
+
+	const ContactListType& pwPairs()const
+	{
+		return pwPairs_();
+	}
+
+	bool ppPairsAllocated()const
+	{
+		if( ppPairs_)return true;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	bool pwPairsAllocated()const
+	{
+		if( pwPairs_)return true;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	virtual
+	bool sphereSphereInteraction(
+		real dt,
+		const ContactForceModel& cfModel,
+		uint32 step)
+	{
+		// for default boundary, no thing to be done 
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+
+	bool hearChanges
+	(
+		real t,
+		real dt,
+		uint32 iter,
+		const message& msg, 
+    	const anyList& varList
+	) override
+    {
+		
+		pOutput<<"Function (hearChanges in boundarySphereInteractions)is not implmented Message "<<
+		 msg <<endl<<" name "<< this->boundaryName() <<" type "<< this->type()<<endl;;
+		//notImplementedFunction;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	static
+	uniquePtr<BoundarySphereInteractionType> create(
+		const boundaryBase& boundary,
+		const sphereParticles& sphPrtcls,
+		const GeometryMotionModel& geomMotion
+	);
+
+};
+
+}
+
+#include "boundarySphereInteraction.cpp"
+
+#endif //__boundarySphereInteraction_hpp__
diff --git a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/boundaries/boundarySphereInteractionList.cpp b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/boundaries/boundarySphereInteractionList.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..00b86bc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/boundaries/boundarySphereInteractionList.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+
+template <typename CFModel, typename gMModel>
+pFlow::boundarySphereInteractionList<CFModel, gMModel>::boundarySphereInteractionList
+(
+    const sphereParticles &sphPrtcls, 
+    const gMModel &geomMotion
+)
+:
+	ListPtr<boundarySphereInteraction<CFModel,gMModel>>(6),
+	boundaries_(sphPrtcls.pStruct().boundaries())
+{
+	//gSettings::sleepMiliSeconds(1000*pFlowProcessors().localRank());
+	for(uint32 i=0; i<6; i++)
+	{
+		this->set(
+			i,
+			boundarySphereInteraction<CFModel, gMModel>::create(
+				boundaries_[i],
+				sphPrtcls, 
+				geomMotion));
+	}	
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/boundaries/boundarySphereInteractionList.hpp b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/boundaries/boundarySphereInteractionList.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1a5086fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/boundaries/boundarySphereInteractionList.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#ifndef __boundarySphereInteractionList_hpp__
+#define __boundarySphereInteractionList_hpp__
+
+
+#include "boundaryList.hpp"
+#include "ListPtr.hpp"
+#include "boundarySphereInteraction.hpp"
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+
+template<typename contactForceModel,typename geometryMotionModel>
+class boundarySphereInteractionList
+:
+    public ListPtr<boundarySphereInteraction<contactForceModel,geometryMotionModel>>
+{
+private:
+
+    const boundaryList&         boundaries_;
+
+public:
+
+    boundarySphereInteractionList(
+        const sphereParticles& sphPrtcls,
+		const geometryMotionModel& geomMotion
+    );
+
+    ~boundarySphereInteractionList()=default;
+
+};
+
+
+
+}
+
+#include "boundarySphereInteractionList.cpp"
+
+#endif //__boundarySphereInteractionList_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/boundaries/createBoundarySphereInteraction.hpp b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/boundaries/createBoundarySphereInteraction.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..27494be2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/boundaries/createBoundarySphereInteraction.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "boundarySphereInteraction.hpp"
+#include "periodicBoundarySphereInteraction.hpp"
+
+#define createBoundarySphereInteraction(ForceModel,GeomModel) 	\
+	template class pFlow::boundarySphereInteraction<			\
+	ForceModel,													\
+	GeomModel>;													\
+																\
+	template class pFlow::periodicBoundarySphereInteraction<	\
+	ForceModel,													\
+	GeomModel>;
+
diff --git a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/boundaries/periodicBoundarySphereInteraction/periodicBoundarySIKernels.hpp b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/boundaries/periodicBoundarySphereInteraction/periodicBoundarySIKernels.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2320b1c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/boundaries/periodicBoundarySphereInteraction/periodicBoundarySIKernels.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+
+namespace pFlow::periodicBoundarySIKernels
+{
+
+template<typename ContactListType, typename ContactForceModel>
+inline
+void sphereSphereInteraction
+(
+    real dt,
+    const ContactListType&              cntctList,
+    const ContactForceModel&            forceModel,
+    const realx3&                       transferVec,
+    const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<realx3>& thisPoints,
+    const deviceScatteredFieldAccess<realx3>& mirrorPoints,
+    const deviceViewType1D<real>& diam,
+    const deviceViewType1D<uint32>& propId,
+    const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& vel,
+    const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& rVel,
+    const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& cForce,
+    const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& cTorque
+)
+{
+    
+    using ValueType = typename ContactListType::ValueType;
+    uint32 ss = cntctList.size();
+    uint32 lastItem = cntctList.loopCount();
+    if(lastItem == 0u)return;
+
+    Kokkos::parallel_for(
+        "pFlow::periodicBoundarySIKernels::sphereSphereInteraction",
+        deviceRPolicyDynamic(0,lastItem),
+        LAMBDA_HD(uint32 n)
+        {
+
+        if(!cntctList.isValid(n))return;
+
+            auto [i,j] = cntctList.getPair(n);
+            uint32 ind_i = thisPoints.index(i);
+            uint32 ind_j = mirrorPoints.index(j);
+
+            real Ri = 0.5*diam[ind_i];
+            real Rj = 0.5*diam[ind_j];
+            realx3 xi = thisPoints.field()[ind_i];
+            realx3 xj = mirrorPoints.field()[ind_j]+transferVec;
+            real dist = length(xj-xi);
+            real ovrlp = (Ri+Rj) - dist;
+            
+            if( ovrlp >0.0 )
+            {
+                auto Nij = (xj-xi)/dist;
+                auto wi = rVel[ind_i];
+                auto wj = rVel[ind_j];
+                auto Vr = vel[ind_i] - vel[ind_j] + cross((Ri*wi+Rj*wj), Nij);
+                
+                auto history = cntctList.getValue(n);
+
+                int32 propId_i = propId[ind_i];
+                int32 propId_j = propId[ind_j];
+
+                realx3 FCn, FCt, Mri, Mrj, Mij, Mji;
+
+                // calculates contact force 
+                forceModel.contactForce(
+                    dt, i, j,
+                    propId_i, propId_j,
+                    Ri, Rj,
+                    ovrlp,
+                    Vr, Nij,
+                    history,
+                    FCn, FCt);
+
+                forceModel.rollingFriction(
+                    dt, i, j,
+                    propId_i, propId_j,
+                    Ri, Rj,
+                    wi, wj,
+                    Nij,
+                    FCn,
+                    Mri, Mrj);
+
+                auto M = cross(Nij,FCt);
+                Mij = Ri*M+Mri;
+                Mji = Rj*M+Mrj;
+                
+                auto FC = FCn + FCt;
+                
+
+                Kokkos::atomic_add(&cForce[ind_i].x_,FC.x_);
+                Kokkos::atomic_add(&cForce[ind_i].y_,FC.y_);
+                Kokkos::atomic_add(&cForce[ind_i].z_,FC.z_);
+
+                Kokkos::atomic_add(&cForce[ind_j].x_,-FC.x_);
+                Kokkos::atomic_add(&cForce[ind_j].y_,-FC.y_);
+                Kokkos::atomic_add(&cForce[ind_j].z_,-FC.z_);
+
+                Kokkos::atomic_add(&cTorque[ind_i].x_, Mij.x_);
+                Kokkos::atomic_add(&cTorque[ind_i].y_, Mij.y_);
+                Kokkos::atomic_add(&cTorque[ind_i].z_, Mij.z_);
+
+                Kokkos::atomic_add(&cTorque[ind_j].x_, Mji.x_);
+                Kokkos::atomic_add(&cTorque[ind_j].y_, Mji.y_);
+                Kokkos::atomic_add(&cTorque[ind_j].z_, Mji.z_);
+                
+
+                cntctList.setValue(n,history);
+
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                cntctList.setValue(n, ValueType());
+            }
+
+        });
+    Kokkos::fence();
+}
+
+
+} //pFlow::periodicBoundarySIKernels
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/boundaries/periodicBoundarySphereInteraction/periodicBoundarySphereInteraction.cpp b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/boundaries/periodicBoundarySphereInteraction/periodicBoundarySphereInteraction.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3200c4e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/boundaries/periodicBoundarySphereInteraction/periodicBoundarySphereInteraction.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+	  O        C enter of
+	 O O       E ngineering and
+	O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "periodicBoundarySIKernels.hpp"
+
+template <typename cFM, typename gMM>
+pFlow::periodicBoundarySphereInteraction<cFM, gMM>::periodicBoundarySphereInteraction(
+	const boundaryBase &boundary,
+	const sphereParticles &sphPrtcls,
+	const GeometryMotionModel &geomMotion)
+	: boundarySphereInteraction<cFM,gMM>(boundary, sphPrtcls, geomMotion),
+	transferVec_(boundary.mirrorBoundary().displacementVectroToMirror())
+{
+	if(boundary.thisBoundaryIndex()%2==1)
+    {
+    	masterInteraction_ = true;
+		this->allocatePPPairs();
+		this->allocatePWPairs();
+	   
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        masterInteraction_ = false;
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename cFM, typename gMM>
+bool pFlow::periodicBoundarySphereInteraction<cFM, gMM>::sphereSphereInteraction
+(
+	real dt,
+	const ContactForceModel &cfModel,
+	uint32 step
+)
+{
+	if(!masterInteraction_) return false;
+	
+	pFlow::periodicBoundarySIKernels::sphereSphereInteraction(
+		dt,
+		this->ppPairs(),
+		cfModel,
+		transferVec_,
+		this->boundary().thisPoints(),
+		this->mirrorBoundary().thisPoints(),
+		this->sphParticles().diameter().deviceViewAll(),
+		this->sphParticles().propertyId().deviceViewAll(),
+		this->sphParticles().velocity().deviceViewAll(),
+		this->sphParticles().rVelocity().deviceViewAll(),
+		this->sphParticles().contactForce().deviceViewAll(),
+		this->sphParticles().contactTorque().deviceViewAll());
+
+	return false;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/boundaries/periodicBoundarySphereInteraction/periodicBoundarySphereInteraction.hpp b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/boundaries/periodicBoundarySphereInteraction/periodicBoundarySphereInteraction.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5f1e7a45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/boundaries/periodicBoundarySphereInteraction/periodicBoundarySphereInteraction.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __periodicBoundarySphereInteraction_hpp__
+#define __periodicBoundarySphereInteraction_hpp__
+
+#include "boundarySphereInteraction.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+template<typename contactForceModel,typename geometryMotionModel>
+class periodicBoundarySphereInteraction
+:
+    public boundarySphereInteraction<contactForceModel, geometryMotionModel>
+{
+public:
+
+    using PBSInteractionType = 
+        periodicBoundarySphereInteraction<contactForceModel,geometryMotionModel>;
+
+    using BSInteractionType = 
+        boundarySphereInteraction<contactForceModel, geometryMotionModel>;
+
+    using GeometryMotionModel 	= typename BSInteractionType::GeometryMotionModel;
+	
+	using ContactForceModel 	= typename BSInteractionType::ContactForceModel;
+
+	using MotionModel 			= typename geometryMotionModel::MotionModel;
+
+	using ModelStorage 			= typename ContactForceModel::contactForceStorage;
+	
+	using IdType 			    = typename BSInteractionType::IdType;
+
+	using IndexType    		    = typename BSInteractionType::IndexType;
+    
+    using ContactListType       = typename BSInteractionType::ContactListType; 
+
+private:
+
+    realx3  transferVec_;
+    
+    bool    masterInteraction_;
+public:
+
+    TypeInfoTemplate22("boundarySphereInteraction", "periodic",ContactForceModel, MotionModel);
+
+	
+    periodicBoundarySphereInteraction(
+        const boundaryBase& boundary,
+		const sphereParticles& sphPrtcls,
+		const GeometryMotionModel& geomMotion
+    );
+
+    add_vCtor
+    (
+        BSInteractionType,
+        PBSInteractionType,
+        boundaryBase
+    );
+    
+    ~periodicBoundarySphereInteraction()override = default;
+
+
+    
+
+    bool sphereSphereInteraction(
+        real dt,
+		const ContactForceModel& cfModel,
+        uint32 step)override;
+	
+};
+
+}
+
+#include "periodicBoundarySphereInteraction.cpp"
+
+
+#endif //__periodicBoundarySphereInteraction_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction.cpp b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 0dacee74..00000000
--- a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-template<
-	typename contactForceModel,
-	typename geometryMotionModel,
-	template <class, class, class> class contactListType >
-bool pFlow::sphereInteraction<contactForceModel,geometryMotionModel, contactListType>::
-	createSphereInteraction()
-{
-	
-	realVector_D rhoD(this->densities());
-
-	auto modelDict = this->fileDict().subDict("model");
-
-	REPORT(1)<<"Createing contact force model . . ."<<endREPORT;
-	forceModel_ = makeUnique<ContactForceModel>(
-		this->numMaterials(),
-		rhoD.deviceVector(),
-		modelDict );
-
-
-	uint32 nPrtcl = sphParticles_.size();
-
-	ppContactList_ = makeUnique<ContactListType>(nPrtcl+1);
-	
-	pwContactList_ = makeUnique<ContactListType>(nPrtcl/4+1);
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-
-
-template<
-	typename contactForceModel,
-	typename geometryMotionModel,
-	template <class, class, class> class contactListType >
-bool pFlow::sphereInteraction<contactForceModel,geometryMotionModel, contactListType>::
-	sphereSphereInteraction()
-{
-	
-
-
-	auto lastItem = ppContactList_().loopCount();
-
-	// create the kernel functor 
-	pFlow::sphereInteractionKernels::ppInteractionFunctor 
-		ppInteraction(
-			this->dt(),
-			this->forceModel_(),
-			ppContactList_(), // to be read
-			sphParticles_.diameter().deviceVectorAll(),
-			sphParticles_.propertyId().deviceVectorAll(),
-			sphParticles_.pointPosition().deviceVectorAll(),
-			sphParticles_.velocity().deviceVectorAll(),
-			sphParticles_.rVelocity().deviceVectorAll(),
-			sphParticles_.contactForce().deviceVectorAll(),
-			sphParticles_.contactTorque().deviceVectorAll()
-			);
-	
-	Kokkos::parallel_for(
-		"",
-		rpPPInteraction(0,lastItem),
-		ppInteraction
-		);
-
-	Kokkos::fence();	
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-
-template<
-	typename contactForceModel,
-	typename geometryMotionModel,
-	template <class, class, class> class contactListType >
-bool pFlow::sphereInteraction<contactForceModel,geometryMotionModel, contactListType>::
-	sphereWallInteraction()
-{
-	
-	int32 lastItem = pwContactList_().loopCount();
-	real t = this->currentTime();
-
-	pFlow::sphereInteractionKernels::pwInteractionFunctor
-		pwInteraction(
-			this->dt(),
-			this->forceModel_(),
-			pwContactList_(),
-			geometryMotion_.getTriangleAccessor(), 
-			geometryMotion_.getModel(t) , 
-			sphParticles_.diameter().deviceVectorAll() ,
-			sphParticles_.propertyId().deviceVectorAll(),
-			sphParticles_.pointPosition().deviceVectorAll(),
-			sphParticles_.velocity().deviceVectorAll(),
-			sphParticles_.rVelocity().deviceVectorAll() ,
-			sphParticles_.contactForce().deviceVectorAll(),
-			sphParticles_.contactTorque().deviceVectorAll() ,
-			geometryMotion_.triMotionIndex().deviceVectorAll(),
-			geometryMotion_.propertyId().deviceVectorAll(),
-			geometryMotion_.contactForceWall().deviceVectorAll()
-		);
-
-	Kokkos::parallel_for(
-		"",
-		rpPWInteraction(0,lastItem),
-		pwInteraction
-		);
-
-	
-	Kokkos::fence();
-
-	return true;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction.hpp b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index b256c452..00000000
--- a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,226 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-#ifndef __sphereInteraction_hpp__ 
-#define __sphereInteraction_hpp__
-
-#include "interaction.hpp"
-#include "sphereParticles.hpp"
-
-#include "sphereInteractionKernels.hpp"
-
-namespace pFlow
-{
-
-template<
-	typename contactForceModel,
-	typename geometryMotionModel,
-	template <class, class, class> class contactListType>
-class sphereInteraction
-:
-	public interaction
-{
-public:
-
-	using GeometryMotionModel 	= geometryMotionModel;
-	
-	using ContactForceModel 	= contactForceModel;
-
-	using MotionModel 		= typename geometryMotionModel::MotionModel;
-
-	using ModelStorage 		= typename ContactForceModel::contactForceStorage;
-	
-	using IdType 			= typename interaction::IdType;
-
-	using IndexType    		= typename interaction::IndexType;
-
-	using ExecutionSpace 	= typename interaction::ExecutionSpace;
-
-	using ContactListType 	= 
-			contactListType<ModelStorage, ExecutionSpace, IdType>;
-
-	using PairsContainerType= typename contactSearch::PairContainerType;
-
-protected:
-	
-	/// const reference to geometry
-	const GeometryMotionModel& 			geometryMotion_;
-
-	/// const reference to particles 
-	const sphereParticles& 				sphParticles_;
-
-
-	/// contact force model 
-	uniquePtr<ContactForceModel>  	forceModel_ 	= nullptr;
-
-	/// contact list for particle-particle interactoins (keeps the history)
-	uniquePtr<ContactListType> 		ppContactList_ = nullptr;
-
-	/// contact list for particle-wall interactions (keeps the history)
-	uniquePtr<ContactListType> 		pwContactList_ = nullptr;	
-
-	/// timer for particle-particle interaction computations
-	Timer 		ppInteractionTimer_;
-
-	/// timer for particle-wall interaction computations
-	Timer       pwInteractionTimer_;
-
-	bool createSphereInteraction();
-
-	bool managePPContactLists();
-
-	bool managePWContactLists();
-
-	/// range policy for p-p interaction execution 
-	using rpPPInteraction = 
-		Kokkos::RangePolicy<Kokkos::IndexType<int32>, Kokkos::Schedule<Kokkos::Dynamic>>;
-
-	/// range policy for p-w interaction execution 
-	using rpPWInteraction = rpPPInteraction;
-
-public:
-
-	TypeInfoTemplate3("sphereInteraction", ContactForceModel, MotionModel, ContactListType);
-
-	// constructor
-
-	sphereInteraction(
-		systemControl& control,
-		const particles& prtcl,
-		const geometry& geom)
-	:
-		interaction(control, prtcl, geom),
-		geometryMotion_(dynamic_cast<const GeometryMotionModel&>(geom)),
-		sphParticles_(dynamic_cast<const sphereParticles&>(prtcl)),
-		ppInteractionTimer_("sphere-sphere interaction", &this->timers()),
-		pwInteractionTimer_("sphere-wall interaction", &this->timers())
-	{
-		if(!createSphereInteraction())
-		{
-			fatalExit;
-		}
-	}
-
-	add_vCtor
-	(
-		interaction,
-		sphereInteraction, 
-		systemControl
-	);
-
-
-	bool beforeIteration() override
-	{
-		return true;
-	}
-
-
-	bool iterate() override
-	{
-
-//Info<<"before contact search"<<endInfo;
-		////Info<<"interaction iterrate start"<<endInfo;
-		if(this->contactSearch_)
-		{
-
-			if( this->contactSearch_().ppEnterBroadSearch())
-			{
-				//Info<<" before ppEnterBroadSearch"<<endInfo;
-				ppContactList_().beforeBroadSearch();
-				//Info<<" after ppEnterBroadSearch"<<endInfo;
-			}
-
-			if(this->contactSearch_().pwEnterBroadSearch())
-			{
-				//Info<<" before pwEnterBroadSearch"<<endInfo;
-				pwContactList_().beforeBroadSearch();
-				//Info<<" after pwEnterBroadSearch"<<endInfo;
-			}
-
-			//Info<<" before broadSearch"<<endInfo;
-			if( !contactSearch_().broadSearch(
-					ppContactList_(),
-					pwContactList_()) )
-			{
-				fatalErrorInFunction<<
-				"unable to perform broadSearch.\n";
-				fatalExit;
-			}
-
-			//Info<<" before broadSearch"<<endInfo;
-
-
-			if(this->contactSearch_().ppPerformedBroadSearch())
-			{
-				//Info<<" before afterBroadSearch"<<endInfo;
-				ppContactList_().afterBroadSearch();
-				//Info<<" after afterBroadSearch"<<endInfo;
-			}
-
-			if(this->contactSearch_().pwPerformedBroadSearch())
-			{
-				//Info<<" before pwContactList_().afterBroadSearch()"<<endInfo;
-				pwContactList_().afterBroadSearch();
-				//Info<<" after pwContactList_().afterBroadSearch()"<<endInfo;
-			}
-		}
-//Info<<"after contact search"<<endInfo;
-
-		if( sphParticles_.numActive()<=0)return true;
-//Info<<"before sphereSphereInteraction "<<endInfo;
-		ppInteractionTimer_.start();
-			sphereSphereInteraction();
-		ppInteractionTimer_.end();
-//Info<<"after sphereSphereInteraction "<<endInfo;
-
-//Info<<"before sphereWallInteraction "<<endInfo;
-		pwInteractionTimer_.start();
-			sphereWallInteraction();
-		pwInteractionTimer_.end();
-//Info<<"after sphereWallInteraction "<<endInfo;
-		
-		return true;
-	}
-
-
-	bool afterIteration() override
-	{
-		return true;
-	}
-
-
-	bool update(const eventMessage& msg)override
-	{
-		// it requires not action regarding any changes in the 
-		// point structure 
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	bool sphereSphereInteraction();
-
-	bool sphereWallInteraction();
-};
-
-
-}
-
-#include "sphereInteraction.cpp"
-
-#endif //__sphereInteraction_hpp__
diff --git a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/pLine.hpp b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction/pLine.hpp
similarity index 100%
rename from src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/pLine.hpp
rename to src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction/pLine.hpp
diff --git a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction.cpp b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9001a5b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+template<typename cFM,typename gMM,template <class, class, class> class cLT>
+bool pFlow::sphereInteraction<cFM,gMM, cLT>::createSphereInteraction()
+{
+	
+	realVector_D rhoD("densities", this->densities());
+
+	auto modelDict = this->subDict("model");
+
+	forceModel_ = makeUnique<ContactForceModel>(
+		this->numMaterials(),
+		rhoD.deviceView(),
+		modelDict );
+
+
+	uint32 nPrtcl = sphParticles_.size();
+
+	contactSearch_ = contactSearch::create(
+	subDict("contactSearch"),
+	sphParticles_.extendedDomain().domainBox(),
+	sphParticles_,
+	geometryMotion_,
+	timers());
+
+	ppContactList_ = makeUnique<ContactListType>(nPrtcl+1);
+	
+	pwContactList_ = makeUnique<ContactListType>(nPrtcl/5+1);
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+template<typename cFM,typename gMM,template <class, class, class> class cLT>
+bool pFlow::sphereInteraction<cFM,gMM, cLT>::sphereSphereInteraction()
+{
+	auto lastItem = ppContactList_().loopCount();
+
+	// create the kernel functor 
+	pFlow::sphereInteractionKernels::ppInteractionFunctor 
+		ppInteraction(
+			this->dt(),
+			this->forceModel_(),
+			ppContactList_(), // to be read
+			sphParticles_.diameter().deviceViewAll(),
+			sphParticles_.propertyId().deviceViewAll(),
+			sphParticles_.pointPosition().deviceViewAll(),
+			sphParticles_.velocity().deviceViewAll(),
+			sphParticles_.rVelocity().deviceViewAll(),
+			sphParticles_.contactForce().deviceViewAll(),
+			sphParticles_.contactTorque().deviceViewAll()
+			);
+	
+	Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		"ppInteraction",
+		rpPPInteraction(0,lastItem),
+		ppInteraction
+		);
+
+	Kokkos::fence();	
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+template<typename cFM,typename gMM,template <class, class, class> class cLT>
+bool pFlow::sphereInteraction<cFM,gMM, cLT>::sphereWallInteraction()
+{
+	
+	uint32 lastItem = pwContactList_().loopCount();
+	uint32 iter = this->currentIter();
+	real t = this->currentTime();
+	real dt = this->dt();
+
+	pFlow::sphereInteractionKernels::pwInteractionFunctor
+		pwInteraction(
+			dt,
+			this->forceModel_(),
+			pwContactList_(),
+			geometryMotion_.getTriangleAccessor(), 
+			geometryMotion_.getModel(iter, t, dt) , 
+			sphParticles_.diameter().deviceViewAll() ,
+			sphParticles_.propertyId().deviceViewAll(),
+			sphParticles_.pointPosition().deviceViewAll(),
+			sphParticles_.velocity().deviceViewAll(),
+			sphParticles_.rVelocity().deviceViewAll() ,
+			sphParticles_.contactForce().deviceViewAll(),
+			sphParticles_.contactTorque().deviceViewAll() ,
+			geometryMotion_.triMotionIndex().deviceViewAll(),
+			geometryMotion_.propertyId().deviceViewAll(),
+			geometryMotion_.contactForceWall().deviceViewAll()
+		);
+
+	Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		"",
+		rpPWInteraction(0,lastItem),
+		pwInteraction
+		);
+
+	
+	Kokkos::fence();
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+template<typename cFM,typename gMM,template <class, class, class> class cLT>
+pFlow::sphereInteraction<cFM,gMM, cLT>::sphereInteraction
+(
+	systemControl& control,
+	const particles& prtcl,
+	const geometry& geom
+)
+:
+	interaction(control, prtcl, geom),
+	geometryMotion_(dynamic_cast<const GeometryMotionModel&>(geom)),
+	sphParticles_(dynamic_cast<const sphereParticles&>(prtcl)),
+	boundaryInteraction_(sphParticles_,geometryMotion_),
+	ppInteractionTimer_("sphere-sphere interaction (internal)", &this->timers()),
+	pwInteractionTimer_("sphere-wall interaction (internal)", &this->timers()),
+	boundaryInteractionTimer_("sphere-sphere interaction (boundary)",&this->timers()),
+	contactListMangementTimer_("list management (interal)", &this->timers()),
+	contactListMangementBoundaryTimer_("list management (boundary)", &this->timers())
+{
+	
+	if(!createSphereInteraction())
+	{
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+	for(uint32 i=0; i<6; i++)
+	{
+		activeBoundaries_[i] = boundaryInteraction_[i].ppPairsAllocated();
+	}
+}
+
+template<typename cFM,typename gMM,template <class, class, class> class cLT>
+bool pFlow::sphereInteraction<cFM,gMM, cLT>::beforeIteration()
+{
+	return true;
+}
+
+template<typename cFM,typename gMM,template <class, class, class> class cLT>
+bool pFlow::sphereInteraction<cFM,gMM, cLT>::iterate()
+{
+	
+	timeInfo ti = this->TimeInfo();
+	auto iter = ti.iter();
+	auto t = ti.t();
+	auto dt = ti.dt();
+
+	auto& contactSearchRef = contactSearch_();
+
+	bool broadSearch = contactSearchRef.enterBroadSearch(ti);
+	bool broadSearchBoundary = contactSearchRef.enterBroadSearchBoundary(ti);
+
+	/// update boundaries of the fields that are being used by inreaction 
+	sphParticles_.diameter().updateBoundaries(DataDirection::SlaveToMaster);
+	sphParticles_.velocity().updateBoundaries(DataDirection::SlaveToMaster);
+	sphParticles_.rVelocity().updateBoundaries(DataDirection::SlaveToMaster);
+	sphParticles_.propertyId().updateBoundaries(DataDirection::SlaveToMaster);
+	
+	/// lists 
+	if(broadSearch)
+	{
+		contactListMangementTimer_.start();
+		ComputationTimer().start();
+			ppContactList_().beforeBroadSearch();
+			pwContactList_().beforeBroadSearch();
+		ComputationTimer().end();
+		contactListMangementTimer_.pause();
+	} 
+
+	if(broadSearchBoundary)
+	{
+		contactListMangementBoundaryTimer_.start();
+		ComputationTimer().start();
+		for(uint32 i=0; i<6u; i++)
+		{
+			if(activeBoundaries_[i])
+			{
+				auto& BI = boundaryInteraction_[i];
+				BI.ppPairs().beforeBroadSearch();
+				BI.pwPairs().beforeBroadSearch();
+			} 
+		}
+		ComputationTimer().end();
+		contactListMangementBoundaryTimer_.pause();	
+	}
+	
+	if( sphParticles_.numActive()<=0)return true;
+	
+	ComputationTimer().start();
+	if( !contactSearchRef.broadSearch(
+			ti,		
+			ppContactList_(),
+			pwContactList_()) )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"unable to perform broadSearch.\n";
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+	
+	for(uint32 i=0; i<6u; i++)
+	{
+		if(activeBoundaries_[i])
+		{
+			auto& BI = boundaryInteraction_[i];
+			if(!contactSearchRef.boundaryBroadSearch(
+				i,
+				ti,
+				BI.ppPairs(),
+				BI.pwPairs())
+			)
+			{
+				fatalErrorInFunction<<
+				"failed to perform broadSearch for boundary index "<<i<<endl;
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	ComputationTimer().end();
+	
+	if(broadSearch && contactSearchRef.performedSearch())
+	{
+		contactListMangementTimer_.resume();
+		ComputationTimer().start();
+			ppContactList_().afterBroadSearch();
+			pwContactList_().afterBroadSearch();
+		ComputationTimer().end();
+		contactListMangementTimer_.end();
+	}
+
+	if(broadSearchBoundary && contactSearchRef.performedSearchBoundary())
+	{
+		contactListMangementBoundaryTimer_.resume();
+		ComputationTimer().start();
+		for(uint32 i=0; i<6u; i++)
+		{
+			if(activeBoundaries_[i])
+			{
+				auto& BI = boundaryInteraction_[i];
+				BI.ppPairs().afterBroadSearch();
+				BI.pwPairs().afterBroadSearch();
+			}
+		}
+		ComputationTimer().end();
+		contactListMangementBoundaryTimer_.end();
+	}
+	
+	/// peform contact search on boundareis with active contact search (master boundaries)
+	auto requireStep = boundariesMask<6>(true);
+	const auto& cfModel = this->forceModel_();
+	uint32 step=1;
+	boundaryInteractionTimer_.start();
+	ComputationTimer().start();
+	while(requireStep.anyElement(true) && step <= 10)
+	{
+		for(uint32 i=0; i<6u; i++)
+		{
+			if(requireStep[i] )
+			{
+				requireStep[i] = boundaryInteraction_[i].sphereSphereInteraction(
+					dt, 
+					this->forceModel_(),
+					step
+				);
+			}		
+		}
+		step++;
+	}
+	ComputationTimer().end();
+	boundaryInteractionTimer_.pause();
+	
+
+	ppInteractionTimer_.start();
+	ComputationTimer().start();
+		sphereSphereInteraction();
+	ComputationTimer().end();
+	ppInteractionTimer_.end();
+
+	
+	pwInteractionTimer_.start();
+	ComputationTimer().start();
+		sphereWallInteraction();
+	ComputationTimer().start();
+	pwInteractionTimer_.end();
+
+	{
+	boundaryInteractionTimer_.resume();
+	ComputationTimer().start();
+	auto requireStep = boundariesMask<6>(true);
+
+	uint32 step = 11;
+	const auto& cfModel = this->forceModel_();
+	while( requireStep.anyElement(true) && step < 20 )
+	{
+		for(uint32 i=0; i<6u; i++)
+		{
+			if(requireStep[i])
+			{
+				requireStep[i] = boundaryInteraction_[i].sphereSphereInteraction(
+					dt, 
+					cfModel,
+					step
+				);
+			}		
+		}
+		step++;
+	}
+	ComputationTimer().end();
+	boundaryInteractionTimer_.end();
+	}
+	
+	return true;
+}
+
+template<typename cFM,typename gMM,template <class, class, class> class cLT>
+bool pFlow::sphereInteraction<cFM,gMM, cLT>::afterIteration()
+{
+	return true;
+}
+
+template<typename cFM,typename gMM,template <class, class, class> class cLT>
+bool pFlow::sphereInteraction<cFM,gMM, cLT>::hearChanges
+(
+	real t,
+	real dt,
+	uint32 iter,
+	const message& msg, 
+	const anyList& varList
+)
+{
+	if(msg.equivalentTo(message::ITEM_REARRANGE))
+	{
+		notImplementedFunction;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction.hpp b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..472ba519
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __sphereInteraction_hpp__ 
+#define __sphereInteraction_hpp__
+
+#include "interaction.hpp"
+#include "sphereParticles.hpp"
+#include "boundarySphereInteractionList.hpp"
+#include "sphereInteractionKernels.hpp"
+#include "boundariesMask.hpp"
+#include "MPITimer.hpp"
+//#include "unsortedContactList.hpp"
+
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+template<
+	typename contactForceModel,
+	typename geometryMotionModel,
+	template <class, class, class> class contactListType>
+class sphereInteraction
+:
+	public interaction
+{
+public:
+
+	using GeometryMotionModel 	= geometryMotionModel;
+	
+	using ContactForceModel 	= contactForceModel;
+
+	using MotionModel 			= typename geometryMotionModel::MotionModel;
+
+	using ModelStorage 			= typename ContactForceModel::contactForceStorage;
+
+	using BoundaryListType 		= boundarySphereInteractionList<ContactForceModel,GeometryMotionModel>;
+	
+	using IdType 			= uint32;
+
+	using IndexType    		= uint32;
+
+	using ContactListType 	= 
+			contactListType<ModelStorage, DefaultExecutionSpace, IdType>;
+
+	//using BoundaryContactListType = unsortedContactList<ModelStorage, DefaultExecutionSpace, IdType>;
+	
+
+
+private:
+	
+	/// const reference to geometry
+	const GeometryMotionModel& 			geometryMotion_;
+
+	/// const reference to particles 
+	const sphereParticles& 				sphParticles_;
+
+	/// particle-particle and particle-wall interactions at boundaries 
+	BoundaryListType 					boundaryInteraction_;	
+
+	/// a mask for active boundaries (boundaries with intreaction)
+	boundariesMask<6> 					activeBoundaries_;
+
+	/// contact search object for pp and pw interactions 
+	uniquePtr<contactSearch> 			contactSearch_ = nullptr;
+
+	/// contact force model 
+	uniquePtr<ContactForceModel>  		forceModel_ 	= nullptr;
+
+	/// contact list for particle-particle interactoins (keeps the history)
+	uniquePtr<ContactListType> 			ppContactList_ = nullptr;
+
+	/// contact list for particle-wall interactions (keeps the history)
+	uniquePtr<ContactListType> 			pwContactList_ = nullptr;
+
+
+	/// timer for particle-particle interaction computations
+	Timer 		ppInteractionTimer_;
+
+	/// timer for particle-wall interaction computations
+	Timer       pwInteractionTimer_;
+
+	/// timer for boundary interaction time 
+	Timer 		boundaryInteractionTimer_;
+
+	/// timer for managing contact lists (only inernal points)
+	Timer 		contactListMangementTimer_;	
+
+	Timer 		contactListMangementBoundaryTimer_;
+
+	
+
+	bool createSphereInteraction();
+
+	bool sphereSphereInteraction();
+
+	bool sphereWallInteraction();
+
+	/// range policy for p-p interaction execution 
+	using rpPPInteraction = 
+		Kokkos::RangePolicy<Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>, Kokkos::Schedule<Kokkos::Dynamic>>;
+
+	/// range policy for p-w interaction execution 
+	using rpPWInteraction = rpPPInteraction;
+
+public:
+
+	TypeInfoTemplate13("sphereInteraction", ContactForceModel, MotionModel, ContactListType);
+
+	/// Constructor from components
+	sphereInteraction(
+		systemControl& control,
+		const particles& prtcl,
+		const geometry& geom);
+	
+
+	/// Add virtual constructor 
+	add_vCtor
+	(
+		interaction,
+		sphereInteraction, 
+		systemControl
+	);
+
+	/// This is called in time loop, before iterate. (overriden from demComponent)
+	bool beforeIteration() override;
+	
+	/// This is called in time loop. Perform the main calculations 
+	/// when the component should evolve along time. (overriden from demComponent)
+	bool iterate() override; 
+	
+	/// This is called in time loop, after iterate. (overriden from demComponent)
+	bool afterIteration() override;
+
+	/// Check for changes in the point structures. (overriden from observer)
+	bool hearChanges(
+		real t,
+		real dt,
+		uint32 iter,
+		const message& msg, 
+		const anyList& varList)override;
+	
+	
+};
+
+
+}
+
+#include "sphereInteraction.cpp"
+
+#endif //__sphereInteraction_hpp__
diff --git a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteractionKernels.hpp b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteractionKernels.hpp
similarity index 94%
rename from src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteractionKernels.hpp
rename to src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteractionKernels.hpp
index cef5fa72..751c0fec 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteractionKernels.hpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteractionKernels.hpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ struct ppInteractionFunctor
 	ContactListType   tobeFilled_;
 
 	deviceViewType1D<real>  		diam_;
-	deviceViewType1D<int8> 			propId_;
+	deviceViewType1D<uint32> 		propId_;
 	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  		pos_;
 	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  		lVel_;
 	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  		rVel_;
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ struct ppInteractionFunctor
 		ContactForceModel 		forceModel,
 		ContactListType 		tobeFilled,
 		deviceViewType1D<real>  		diam,
-		deviceViewType1D<int8> 			propId,
+		deviceViewType1D<uint32> 		propId,
 		deviceViewType1D<realx3>  		pos,
 		deviceViewType1D<realx3>  		lVel,
 		deviceViewType1D<realx3>  		rVel,
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ struct ppInteractionFunctor
 	{}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	void operator()(const int32 n)const
+	void operator()(const uint32 n)const
 	{
 		
 		if(!tobeFilled_.isValid(n))return;
@@ -181,14 +181,14 @@ struct pwInteractionFunctor
 	MotionModel  			motionModel_;
 
 	deviceViewType1D<real>  	diam_;
-	deviceViewType1D<int8> 		propId_;
+	deviceViewType1D<uint32>	propId_;
 	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  	pos_;
 	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  	lVel_;
 	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  	rVel_;
 	deviceViewType1D<realx3>	cForce_;
 	deviceViewType1D<realx3>	cTorque_;
-	deviceViewType1D<int8> 		wTriMotionIndex_;
-	deviceViewType1D<int8>      wPropId_;
+	deviceViewType1D<uint32> 	wTriMotionIndex_;
+	deviceViewType1D<uint32>    wPropId_;
 	deviceViewType1D<realx3>    wCForce_;
 	
 
@@ -199,14 +199,14 @@ struct pwInteractionFunctor
 		TraingleAccessor		triangles,
 		MotionModel 			motionModel ,
 		deviceViewType1D<real>  	diam ,
-		deviceViewType1D<int8>  	propId,
+		deviceViewType1D<uint32>  	propId,
 		deviceViewType1D<realx3>   	pos ,
 		deviceViewType1D<realx3>   	lVel,
 		deviceViewType1D<realx3>   	rVel,
 		deviceViewType1D<realx3> 	cForce,
 		deviceViewType1D<realx3> 	cTorque ,
-		deviceViewType1D<int8> 		wTriMotionIndex,
-		deviceViewType1D<int8>      wPropId,
+		deviceViewType1D<uint32> 	wTriMotionIndex,
+		deviceViewType1D<uint32>    wPropId,
 		deviceViewType1D<realx3>    wCForce)
 	:
 		dt_(dt),
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ struct pwInteractionFunctor
 			int32 propId_i = propId_[i];
 			int32 wPropId_j = wPropId_[tj];
 
-			realx3 FCn, FCt, Mri, Mrj, Mij, Mji;
+			realx3 FCn, FCt, Mri, Mrj, Mij;
 			//output<< "before "<<history.overlap_t_<<endl;
 			// calculates contact force 
 			forceModel_.contactForce(
diff --git a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereTriSurfaceContact.hpp b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction/sphereTriSurfaceContact.hpp
similarity index 100%
rename from src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereTriSurfaceContact.hpp
rename to src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction/sphereTriSurfaceContact.hpp
diff --git a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/triWall.hpp b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction/triWall.hpp
similarity index 100%
rename from src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/triWall.hpp
rename to src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction/triWall.hpp
diff --git a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteractions.cpp b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteractions.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 569fa7ad..00000000
--- a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteractions.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,276 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-#include "sphereInteraction.hpp"
-
-#include "geometryMotions.hpp"
-
-#include "contactForceModels.hpp"
-#include "unsortedContactList.hpp"
-#include "sortedContactList.hpp"
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::limitedLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::fixedGeometry,
-	pFlow::unsortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::limitedLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::fixedGeometry,
-	pFlow::sortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::fixedGeometry,
-	pFlow::unsortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::fixedGeometry,
-	pFlow::sortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::limitedLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::rotationAxisMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::unsortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::limitedLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::rotationAxisMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::sortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::rotationAxisMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::unsortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::rotationAxisMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::sortedContactList>;
-
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::limitedLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::vibratingMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::unsortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::limitedLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::vibratingMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::sortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::vibratingMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::unsortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::vibratingMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::sortedContactList>;
-
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::limitedLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::multiRotationAxisMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::unsortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::limitedLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::multiRotationAxisMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::sortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::multiRotationAxisMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::unsortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::multiRotationAxisMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::sortedContactList>;
-
-/// non-linear models 
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::fixedGeometry,
-	pFlow::unsortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::fixedGeometry,
-	pFlow::sortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::fixedGeometry,
-	pFlow::unsortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::fixedGeometry,
-	pFlow::sortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::rotationAxisMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::unsortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::rotationAxisMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::sortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::rotationAxisMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::unsortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::rotationAxisMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::sortedContactList>;
-
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::vibratingMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::unsortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::vibratingMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::sortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::vibratingMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::unsortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::vibratingMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::sortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::multiRotationAxisMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::unsortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::multiRotationAxisMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::sortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::multiRotationAxisMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::unsortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::multiRotationAxisMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::sortedContactList>;
-
-
-// - nonLinearMod models
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearModNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::fixedGeometry,
-	pFlow::unsortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearModNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::fixedGeometry,
-	pFlow::sortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearModNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::fixedGeometry,
-	pFlow::unsortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearModNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::fixedGeometry,
-	pFlow::sortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearModNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::rotationAxisMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::unsortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearModNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::rotationAxisMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::sortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearModNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::rotationAxisMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::unsortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearModNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::rotationAxisMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::sortedContactList>;
-
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearModNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::vibratingMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::unsortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearModNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::vibratingMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::sortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearModNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::vibratingMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::unsortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearModNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::vibratingMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::sortedContactList>;
-
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearModNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::multiRotationAxisMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::unsortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearModNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::multiRotationAxisMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::sortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearModNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::multiRotationAxisMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::unsortedContactList>;
-
-template class pFlow::sphereInteraction<
-	pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearModNormalRolling,
-	pFlow::multiRotationAxisMotionGeometry,
-	pFlow::sortedContactList>;
diff --git a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteractionsLinearModels.cpp b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteractionsLinearModels.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1c45936b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteractionsLinearModels.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "sphereInteraction.hpp"
+#include "geometryMotions.hpp"
+#include "contactForceModels.hpp"
+#include "unsortedContactList.hpp"
+#include "sortedContactList.hpp"
+#include "createBoundarySphereInteraction.hpp"
+
+
+
+#define createInteraction(ForceModel,GeomModel) 	\
+													\
+	template class pFlow::sphereInteraction< 		\
+		ForceModel,									\
+		GeomModel,									\
+		pFlow::unsortedContactList>;				\
+													\
+	template class pFlow::sphereInteraction< 		\
+		ForceModel,									\
+		GeomModel,									\
+		pFlow::sortedContactList>;					\
+	createBoundarySphereInteraction(ForceModel, GeomModel)
+
+
+// stationaryGeometry
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::limitedLinearNormalRolling, pFlow::stationaryGeometry);
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedLinearNormalRolling,pFlow::stationaryGeometry);
+
+// rotationAxisMotionGeometry
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::limitedLinearNormalRolling, pFlow::rotationAxisMotionGeometry);
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedLinearNormalRolling,pFlow::rotationAxisMotionGeometry);
+
+// vibratingMotionGeometry
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::limitedLinearNormalRolling, pFlow::vibratingMotionGeometry);
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedLinearNormalRolling,pFlow::vibratingMotionGeometry);
+
+// conveyorBeltGeometry
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::limitedLinearNormalRolling, pFlow::conveyorBeltMotionGeometry);
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedLinearNormalRolling,pFlow::conveyorBeltMotionGeometry);
+
+// multiRotationAxisMotionGeometry
+//createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::limitedLinearNormalRolling, pFlow::multiRotationAxisMotionGeometry);
+//createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedLinearNormalRolling,pFlow::multiRotationAxisMotionGeometry);
+
diff --git a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteractionsNonLinearModModels.cpp b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteractionsNonLinearModModels.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d7f79ff7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteractionsNonLinearModModels.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "sphereInteraction.hpp"
+#include "geometryMotions.hpp"
+#include "contactForceModels.hpp"
+#include "unsortedContactList.hpp"
+#include "sortedContactList.hpp"
+#include "createBoundarySphereInteraction.hpp"
+
+
+
+#define createInteraction(ForceModel,GeomModel) 	\
+													\
+	template class pFlow::sphereInteraction< 		\
+		ForceModel,									\
+		GeomModel,									\
+		pFlow::unsortedContactList>;				\
+													\
+	template class pFlow::sphereInteraction< 		\
+		ForceModel,									\
+		GeomModel,									\
+		pFlow::sortedContactList>;					\
+	createBoundarySphereInteraction(ForceModel, GeomModel)
+
+
+// stationaryGeometry
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearModNormalRolling, pFlow::stationaryGeometry);
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearModNormalRolling,pFlow::stationaryGeometry);
+
+// rotationAxisMotionGeometry
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearModNormalRolling, pFlow::rotationAxisMotionGeometry);
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearModNormalRolling,pFlow::rotationAxisMotionGeometry);
+
+// vibratingMotionGeometry
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearModNormalRolling, pFlow::vibratingMotionGeometry);
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearModNormalRolling,pFlow::vibratingMotionGeometry);
+
+// conveyorBeltMotionGeometry
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearModNormalRolling, pFlow::conveyorBeltMotionGeometry);
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearModNormalRolling,pFlow::conveyorBeltMotionGeometry);
+
+// multiRotationAxisMotionGeometry
+//createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearModNormalRolling, pFlow::multiRotationAxisMotionGeometry);
+//createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearModNormalRolling,pFlow::multiRotationAxisMotionGeometry);
diff --git a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteractionsNonLinearModels.cpp b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteractionsNonLinearModels.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c13ec77e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteractionsNonLinearModels.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "sphereInteraction.hpp"
+#include "geometryMotions.hpp"
+#include "contactForceModels.hpp"
+#include "unsortedContactList.hpp"
+#include "sortedContactList.hpp"
+#include "createBoundarySphereInteraction.hpp"
+
+
+
+#define createInteraction(ForceModel,GeomModel) 	\
+													\
+	template class pFlow::sphereInteraction< 		\
+		ForceModel,									\
+		GeomModel,									\
+		pFlow::unsortedContactList>;				\
+													\
+	template class pFlow::sphereInteraction< 		\
+		ForceModel,									\
+		GeomModel,									\
+		pFlow::sortedContactList>;					\
+	createBoundarySphereInteraction(ForceModel, GeomModel)
+
+
+// stationaryGeometry
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearNormalRolling, pFlow::stationaryGeometry);
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearNormalRolling,pFlow::stationaryGeometry);
+
+// rotationAxisMotionGeometry
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearNormalRolling, pFlow::rotationAxisMotionGeometry);
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearNormalRolling,pFlow::rotationAxisMotionGeometry);
+
+// vibratingMotionGeometry
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearNormalRolling, pFlow::vibratingMotionGeometry);
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearNormalRolling,pFlow::vibratingMotionGeometry);
+
+// conveyorBeltMotionGeometry
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearNormalRolling, pFlow::conveyorBeltMotionGeometry);
+createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearNormalRolling,pFlow::conveyorBeltMotionGeometry);
+
+// multiRotationAxisMotionGeometry
+//createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::limitedNonLinearNormalRolling, pFlow::multiRotationAxisMotionGeometry);
+//createInteraction(pFlow::cfModels::nonLimitedNonLinearNormalRolling,pFlow::multiRotationAxisMotionGeometry);
diff --git a/src/MotionModel/CMakeLists.txt b/src/MotionModel/CMakeLists.txt
index 9438c2ab..1e92a989 100644
--- a/src/MotionModel/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/MotionModel/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,13 +1,22 @@
 
 list(APPEND SourceFiles 
-entities/rotatingAxis/rotatingAxis.cpp
-entities/multiRotatingAxis/multiRotatingAxis.cpp
 entities/timeInterval/timeInterval.cpp
-entities/vibrating/vibrating.cpp
-fixedWall/fixedWall.cpp
+
+entities/rotatingAxis/rotatingAxis.cpp
 rotatingAxisMotion/rotatingAxisMotion.cpp
-multiRotatingAxisMotion/multiRotatingAxisMotion.cpp
+
+entities/vibrating/vibrating.cpp
 vibratingMotion/vibratingMotion.cpp
+
+stationaryWall/stationaryWall.cpp
+entities/stationary/stationary.cpp
+
+conveyorBeltMotion/conveyorBeltMotion.cpp
+entities/conveyorBelt/conveyorBelt.cpp
+
+#entities/multiRotatingAxis/multiRotatingAxis.cpp
+#multiRotatingAxisMotion/multiRotatingAxisMotion.cpp
+
 )
 
 set(link_libs Kokkos::kokkos phasicFlow)
diff --git a/src/MotionModel/MotionModel/MotionModel.cpp b/src/MotionModel/MotionModel/MotionModel.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6a530eaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/MotionModel/MotionModel/MotionModel.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+
+template<typename Model, typename Component>
+inline
+bool pFlow::MotionModel<Model, Component>::impl_nameToIndex(const word& name, uint32& indx)const
+{
+	if( auto i = componentNames_.findi(name); i == -1)
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		indx = static_cast<uint32>(i);
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+}
+
+template<typename Model, typename Component>
+inline
+bool pFlow::MotionModel<Model, Component>::impl_indexToName(uint32 i, word& name)const
+{
+	if(i < numComponents_ )
+	{
+		name = componentNames_[i];
+		return true;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+}
+
+template<typename Model, typename Component>
+inline
+bool pFlow::MotionModel<Model, Component>::impl_readDictionary
+(
+	const dictionary& dict
+)
+{
+	
+	auto modelName = dict.getVal<word>("motionModel");
+
+	if(modelName != getTypeName<ModelComponent>())
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"  motionModel should be "<< Yellow_Text(getTypeName<ModelComponent>())<<
+		", but found "<< Yellow_Text(modelName)<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	auto& motionInfo = dict.subDict(modelName+"Info");
+	auto compNames = motionInfo.dictionaryKeywords();
+	
+	Vector<ModelComponent> components(
+		"Read::modelComponent", 
+		compNames.size()+1, 
+		0, 
+		RESERVE());
+	
+	componentNames_.clear();
+
+		
+	for(auto& cName: compNames)
+	{
+		auto& compDict = motionInfo.subDict(cName);
+		
+		if(auto compPtr = makeUnique<ModelComponent>(compDict); compPtr)
+		{
+			components.push_back(compPtr());
+			componentNames_.push_back(cName);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if( !componentNames_.search("none") )
+	{
+		components.push_back
+		(
+			impl_noneComponent()
+		);
+		componentNames_.push_back("none");	
+	}
+
+	motionComponents_.assign(components);
+	numComponents_ = motionComponents_.size();
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+template<typename Model, typename Component>
+inline
+bool pFlow::MotionModel<Model, Component>::impl_writeDictionary
+(
+	dictionary& dict
+)const
+{
+	word modelName = getTypeName<ModelComponent>();
+
+	dict.add("motionModel", modelName );
+
+	auto modelDictName = modelName+"Info";
+
+	auto& motionInfo = dict.subDictOrCreate(modelDictName);
+	auto hostComponents = motionComponents_.hostView();
+
+	ForAll(i, motionComponents_)
+	{
+		
+		auto& axDict = motionInfo.subDictOrCreate(componentNames_[i]);
+		if( !hostComponents[i].write(axDict))
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"  error in writing axis "<< componentNames_[i] << " to dicrionary "
+			<< motionInfo.globalName()<<endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+template<typename Model, typename Component>
+pFlow::MotionModel<Model, Component>::MotionModel()
+:
+	motionComponents_("motionComponents")
+{}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/MotionModel/MotionModel/MotionModel.hpp b/src/MotionModel/MotionModel/MotionModel.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6dae3175
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/MotionModel/MotionModel/MotionModel.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __MotionModel_hpp__
+#define __MotionModel_hpp__
+
+
+
+#include "VectorSingles.hpp"
+#include "Vector.hpp"
+#include "List.hpp"
+#include "dictionary.hpp"
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+/**
+ * @brief Motion model abstract class (CRTP) for all the motion models 
+*/
+template<typename Model, typename Component>
+class MotionModel
+{
+public:
+
+	using ModelType = Model;
+
+	using ModelComponent = Component;
+	
+	using ComponentVector_D = VectorSingle<ModelComponent>;
+
+	/** Motion model class to be passed to computational units/kernels for
+	 *  transfing points and returning velocities at various positions
+	 */
+	class ModelInterface
+	{
+	private:
+		
+		deviceViewType1D<ModelComponent> 	components_;
+
+		uint32 							numComponents_=0;
+
+	public:
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		ModelInterface
+		(
+			deviceViewType1D<ModelComponent> Comps, 
+			uint32 numComp
+		):
+			components_(Comps),
+			numComponents_(numComp)
+		{}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		ModelInterface(const ModelInterface&) = default;
+		
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		ModelInterface& operator=(const ModelInterface&) = default;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		ModelInterface(ModelInterface&&) noexcept = default;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		ModelInterface& operator=(ModelInterface&&) noexcept= default;
+		
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		~ModelInterface()=default;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		realx3 pointVelocity(uint32 n, const realx3& p)const
+		{
+			return components_[n].linVelocityPoint(p);
+		}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		realx3 operator()(uint32 n, const realx3& p)const
+		{
+			return pointVelocity(n,p);
+		}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		realx3 transferPoint(uint32 n, const realx3 p, real dt)const
+		{
+			return components_[n].transferPoint(p, dt); 
+		}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD 
+		uint32 size()const
+		{
+			return numComponents_;
+		}
+	};
+
+private:
+
+	// friends
+	friend ModelType;
+
+	/// Number of axes components
+	uint32  			numComponents_= 0;
+
+	/// Vector to store motion components 
+	ComponentVector_D 	motionComponents_;
+	
+	/// Names of compoenents
+	wordList  			componentNames_;
+
+protected:
+	
+	/// @brief  obtain a reference to the actual motion model
+	inline
+	auto& getModel()
+	{
+		return static_cast<ModelType&>(*this);
+	}
+
+	/// @brief  Obtain a const reference to the actual motion model 
+	inline
+	const auto& getModel()const
+	{
+		return static_cast<const ModelType&>(*this);
+	}
+
+	/// Return a none object for the motion model 
+	inline
+	auto impl_noneComponent()const
+	{
+		return ModelType::noneComponent();
+	}
+	
+	/// Name of the compoenent to index of the component 
+	bool impl_nameToIndex(const word& name, uint32& idx)const;
+	
+	/// Component index to motion component name
+	bool impl_indexToName(uint32 i, word& name)const;
+
+	/// const reference to the list of component names 
+	inline 
+	const wordList& impl_componentNames()const
+	{
+		return componentNames_;
+	}
+
+	/// Return model interface 
+	auto impl_getModelInterface(uint32 iter, real t, real dt)const
+	{
+		getModel().impl_setTime(iter, t, dt);
+
+		return ModelInterface(
+			motionComponents_.deviceViewAll(), 
+			numComponents_);
+	}
+
+	/// Read from dictionary 
+	bool impl_readDictionary(const dictionary& dict);
+
+	/// Write to dictionary 
+	bool impl_writeDictionary(dictionary& dict)const;
+
+public:
+
+	// - Constructors 
+	
+		/// Empty
+		MotionModel();
+
+		/// Copy constructor 
+		MotionModel(const MotionModel&) = default;
+
+		/// Move constructor 
+		MotionModel(MotionModel&&) = default;
+
+		/// Copy assignment
+		MotionModel& operator=(const MotionModel&) = default;
+
+		/// No move assignment
+		MotionModel& operator=(MotionModel&&) = default;
+
+		/// Destructor 
+		~MotionModel() = default;
+
+	// - Methods
+		
+		/// name of the compoenent to index of the component 
+		bool nameToIndex(const word& name, uint32& idx)const
+		{
+			return getModel().impl_nameToIndex(name, idx);
+		}
+	
+		/// Component index to motion component name 
+		bool indexToName(uint32 idx, word& name)const
+		{
+			return getModel().impl_indexToName(idx, name);
+		}
+
+		/// @brief  Return a const reference to the list of compoenent names 
+		/// @return 
+		const wordList& componentNames()const
+		{
+			return getModel().impl_componentNames();
+		}
+		
+		/// Is the wall assocciated to this motion component moving?
+		bool isMoving()const
+		{
+			return getModel().impl_isMoving();
+		}
+
+		/// Move the component itself
+		bool move(uint32 iter, real t, real dt)
+		{
+			return getModel().impl_move(iter, t, dt);
+		}
+
+		/// Obtain an object to model interface 
+		auto getModelInterface(uint32 iter, real t, real dt)const
+		{
+			return getModel().impl_getModelInterface(iter, t, dt);
+		}
+
+};
+
+} // pFlow
+
+#include "MotionModel.cpp"
+
+
+#endif //__MotionModel_hpp__
diff --git a/src/MotionModel/conveyorBeltMotion/conveyorBeltMotion.cpp b/src/MotionModel/conveyorBeltMotion/conveyorBeltMotion.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2315e43e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/MotionModel/conveyorBeltMotion/conveyorBeltMotion.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "conveyorBeltMotion.hpp"
+
+
+pFlow::conveyorBeltMotion::conveyorBeltMotion
+(
+	const objectFile &objf, 
+	repository *owner
+)
+:
+	fileDictionary(objf, owner)
+{
+
+	if(!impl_readDictionary(*this) )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+}
+
+pFlow::conveyorBeltMotion::conveyorBeltMotion
+(
+	const objectFile &objf, 
+	const dictionary &dict, 
+	repository *owner
+)
+:
+	fileDictionary(objf, dict, owner)
+{
+	if(!impl_readDictionary(*this) )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+}
+
+bool pFlow::conveyorBeltMotion::write
+(
+	iOstream &os, 
+	const IOPattern &iop
+) const
+{
+	// a global dictionary
+	dictionary newDict(fileDictionary::dictionary::name(), true);
+	if( iop.thisProcWriteData() )
+	{
+		if( !this->impl_writeDictionary(newDict) || 
+			!newDict.write(os))
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			" error in writing to dictionary "<< newDict.globalName()<<endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/MotionModel/conveyorBeltMotion/conveyorBeltMotion.hpp b/src/MotionModel/conveyorBeltMotion/conveyorBeltMotion.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..33c7a16c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/MotionModel/conveyorBeltMotion/conveyorBeltMotion.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __conveyorBeltMotion_hpp__
+#define __conveyorBeltMotion_hpp__
+
+
+#include "MotionModel.hpp"
+#include "conveyorBelt.hpp"
+#include "fileDictionary.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+
+/**
+ * conveyor belt model for walls
+ * 
+ * This class is used for simulaiton that wall components are conveyor belt.
+ * 
+\verbatim
+
+// In geometryDict file, this will defines stationary walls
+...
+motionModel conveyorBelt;
+
+// this dictionary is optional
+conveyorBeltInfo
+{
+  conveyorBelt1
+  {
+    // the definition based on class conveyorBelt
+  }
+}
+...
+\endverbatim
+ *
+ */
+class conveyorBeltMotion
+:
+    public fileDictionary,
+    public MotionModel<conveyorBeltMotion, conveyorBelt>
+{
+protected:
+
+	friend MotionModel<conveyorBeltMotion, conveyorBelt>;
+  
+	bool impl_isMoving()const
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	bool impl_move(uint32, real, real)const
+	{
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	void impl_setTime(uint32 ,real ,real )const
+	{}
+
+public:
+
+	TypeInfo("conveyorBeltMotion");
+
+	conveyorBeltMotion(const objectFile& objf, repository* owner);
+
+	conveyorBeltMotion(
+		const objectFile& objf, 
+		const dictionary& dict, 
+		repository* owner);
+
+
+    using fileDictionary::write;
+
+	bool write(iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop)const override;
+
+	static
+    auto noneComponent()
+    {
+      return conveyorBelt();
+    }
+};
+
+} // pFlow
+
+
+#endif // __conveyorBeltMotion_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectRange/selectRange.cpp b/src/MotionModel/entities/conveyorBelt/conveyorBelt.cpp
similarity index 54%
rename from src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectRange/selectRange.cpp
rename to src/MotionModel/entities/conveyorBelt/conveyorBelt.cpp
index 09315952..2e63a5a1 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectRange/selectRange.cpp
+++ b/src/MotionModel/entities/conveyorBelt/conveyorBelt.cpp
@@ -18,51 +18,53 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
-#include "selectRange.hpp"
+#include "conveyorBelt.hpp"
 #include "dictionary.hpp"
 
-void pFlow::selectRange::selectAllPointsInRange()
-{
-	// to reduct allocations
-	int32 maxNum = (end_ - begin_)/stride_+2;
-	
-	selectedPoints_.reserve	(maxNum);
 
-	selectedPoints_.clear();
-		
-	for(int32 i = begin_; i<end_; i+= stride_)
+FUNCTION_H
+pFlow::conveyorBelt::conveyorBelt(const dictionary& dict)
+{
+  if(!read(dict))
 	{
-		selectedPoints_.push_back(i);
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"  error in reading conveyorBelt from dictionary "<< dict.globalName()<<endl;
+		fatalExit;
 	}
 }
 
-pFlow::selectRange::selectRange
-(
-	const pointStructure& pStruct,
-	const dictionary& dict
-)
-:
-	pStructSelector
-	(
-		pStruct, dict
-	),
-	begin_
-	(
-		dict.subDict("selectRangeInfo").getVal<int32>("begin")
-	),
-	end_
-	(
-		dict.subDict("selectRangeInfo").getValOrSet("end", pStruct.size())
-	),
-	stride_
-	(
-		dict.subDict("selectRangeInfo").getValOrSet("stride", 1)
-	)
-{
-	begin_ 	= max(begin_,1);
-	end_ 	= min(end_, static_cast<int32>(pStruct.size()));
-	stride_ = max(stride_,1);
+FUNCTION_H
+bool pFlow::conveyorBelt::read(const dictionary& dict)
+{	
 
-	selectAllPointsInRange();
+	tangentVelocity_ 		= dict.getVal<realx3>("tangentVelocity");
+	
+	return true;
 }
+
+FUNCTION_H
+bool pFlow::conveyorBelt::write(dictionary& dict) const
+{
+	if( !dict.add("tangentVelocity", tangentVelocity_) )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"  error in writing tangentVelocity to dictionary "<< dict.globalName()<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+FUNCTION_H
+bool pFlow::conveyorBelt::read(iIstream& is)
+{
+	
+	notImplementedFunction;
+	return true;
+}
+
+FUNCTION_H
+bool pFlow::conveyorBelt::write(iOstream& os)const
+{
+  os.writeWordEntry("tangentVelocity", tangentVelocity_);
+  return true;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Particles/Insertion/insertionRegion/timeFlowControl.hpp b/src/MotionModel/entities/conveyorBelt/conveyorBelt.hpp
similarity index 50%
rename from src/Particles/Insertion/insertionRegion/timeFlowControl.hpp
rename to src/MotionModel/entities/conveyorBelt/conveyorBelt.hpp
index e03b8b53..3cc46de0 100644
--- a/src/Particles/Insertion/insertionRegion/timeFlowControl.hpp
+++ b/src/MotionModel/entities/conveyorBelt/conveyorBelt.hpp
@@ -18,81 +18,91 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-#ifndef __timeFlowControl_hpp__ 
-#define __timeFlowControl_hpp__ 
+#ifndef __conveyorBelt_hpp__
+#define __conveyorBelt_hpp__
+
 
 #include "types.hpp"
+#include "typeInfo.hpp"
 #include "streams.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
+// forward
 class dictionary;
 
-class timeFlowControl
+
+/**
+ * conveyor belt model for a wall
+ * 
+ */
+class conveyorBelt
 {
-protected:
+private:
 
-	real startTime_;
-
-	real endTime_;
-
-	real interval_;
-
-	real rate_;
-
-	size_t numInserted_ = 0;
-
-	bool readTimeFlowControl(const dictionary& dict);
-
-	bool writeTimeFlowControl(dictionary& dict) const;
-
-	size_t numberToBeInserted(real currentTime)
-	{
-		if(currentTime<startTime_)return 0;
-		if(currentTime>endTime_) return 0;
-
-		return static_cast<size_t>( (currentTime - startTime_ + interval_)*rate_ - numInserted_ );
-	}
-
-	size_t addToNumInserted(size_t newInserted)
-	{
-		return numInserted_ += newInserted;
-	}
+	realx3  tangentVelocity_{0, 0, 0};
 
 public:
 
+	TypeInfoNV("conveyorBelt");
 
-	timeFlowControl(const dictionary& dict);
+	FUNCTION_HD
+	conveyorBelt()=default;
 
+	FUNCTION_H
+	explicit conveyorBelt(const dictionary& dict);
+	
 
-	bool insertionTime( real currentTime, real dt)
+	FUNCTION_HD
+	conveyorBelt(const conveyorBelt&) = default;
+
+	conveyorBelt& operator=(const conveyorBelt&) = default;
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	void setTime(real t)
+	{}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	realx3 linVelocityPoint(const realx3 &)const
 	{
-		if(currentTime < startTime_) return false;
-
-		if(currentTime > endTime_) return false;
-		if( mod(abs(currentTime-startTime_),interval_)/dt < 1 ) return true;
-
-		return false;
+		return tangentVelocity_;
 	}
 
-	size_t totalInserted()const
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	realx3 transferPoint(const realx3& p, real)const
 	{
-		return numInserted_;
+		return p;
 	}
 
-	bool read(const dictionary& dict)
-	{
-		return readTimeFlowControl(dict);
-	}
+	// - IO operation
+	FUNCTION_H 
+	bool read(const dictionary& dict);
 
-	bool write(dictionary& dict)const
-	{
-		return writeTimeFlowControl(dict);
-	}
+	FUNCTION_H
+	bool write(dictionary& dict) const;
+
+	FUNCTION_H
+	bool read(iIstream& is);
+
+	FUNCTION_H
+	bool write(iOstream& os)const;
 
 };
 
+inline iOstream& operator <<(iOstream& os, const conveyorBelt& obj)
+{
+	
+	return os;
 }
 
-#endif //__timeFlowControl_hpp__ 
+inline iIstream& operator >>(iIstream& is, conveyorBelt& obj)
+{
+	
+	return is;
+}
+
+}
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/MotionModel/entities/multiRotatingAxis/multiRotatingAxis.hpp b/src/MotionModel/entities/multiRotatingAxis/multiRotatingAxis.hpp
index 2f2d81de..c79e87c8 100644
--- a/src/MotionModel/entities/multiRotatingAxis/multiRotatingAxis.hpp
+++ b/src/MotionModel/entities/multiRotatingAxis/multiRotatingAxis.hpp
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class multiRotatingAxis
 {
 protected:
 
-	/// This is either host/device pointer to all axes
+	/// This is device pointer to all axes
 	multiRotatingAxis*		axisList_;
 
 	/// Index of parent axis
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ public:
 		/// Set the pointer to the list of all axes.
 		/// This pointer is device pointer 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		void setAxisList(multiRotatingAxis* axisList)
+		void setAxisListPtr(multiRotatingAxis* axisList)
 		{
 			axisList_ = axisList;
 		}
diff --git a/src/MotionModel/entities/rotatingAxis/rotatingAxis.cpp b/src/MotionModel/entities/rotatingAxis/rotatingAxis.cpp
index dbb9206e..d5aa3ca2 100644
--- a/src/MotionModel/entities/rotatingAxis/rotatingAxis.cpp
+++ b/src/MotionModel/entities/rotatingAxis/rotatingAxis.cpp
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ pFlow::rotatingAxis::rotatingAxis
 	const dictionary& dict
 )
 {
-
 	if(!read(dict))
 	{
 		fatalErrorInFunction<<
@@ -73,7 +72,7 @@ bool pFlow::rotatingAxis::read
 	if(!timeInterval::read(dict))return false;
 	if(!line::read(dict)) return false;
 		
-	real omega = dict.getValOrSet("omega", static_cast<real>(0.0));
+	real omega = dict.getValOrSet("omega", 0.0);
 	
 	setOmega(omega);
 	return true;
diff --git a/src/MotionModel/entities/rotatingAxis/rotatingAxis.hpp b/src/MotionModel/entities/rotatingAxis/rotatingAxis.hpp
index ee37eba9..7d40f06e 100644
--- a/src/MotionModel/entities/rotatingAxis/rotatingAxis.hpp
+++ b/src/MotionModel/entities/rotatingAxis/rotatingAxis.hpp
@@ -24,13 +24,12 @@ Licence:
 #include "timeInterval.hpp"
 #include "line.hpp"
 
+#include "rotatingAxisFwd.hpp"
+
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
 class dictionary;
-class rotatingAxis;
-
-#include "rotatingAxisFwd.hpp"
 
 /**
  * An axis which rotates around itself at specified speed
@@ -64,7 +63,7 @@ class rotatingAxis
 	public timeInterval,
 	public line
 {
-protected:
+private:
 	
 	/// rotation speed 
 	real 	omega_ = 0;
@@ -76,13 +75,15 @@ public:
 
 	// - Constructor
 
+	TypeInfoNV("rotatingAxis");
+
 	/// Empty constructor
 	FUNCTION_HD
-	rotatingAxis(){}
+	rotatingAxis()=default;
 
 	/// Construct from dictionary
 	FUNCTION_H
-	rotatingAxis(const dictionary& dict);
+	explicit rotatingAxis(const dictionary& dict);
 	
 	/// Construct from components
 	FUNCTION_HD
@@ -92,9 +93,19 @@ public:
 	FUNCTION_HD
 	rotatingAxis(const rotatingAxis&) = default;
 
+	FUNCTION_HD
+	rotatingAxis(rotatingAxis&&) = default;
+
 	/// Copy asssignment
 	rotatingAxis& operator=(const rotatingAxis&) = default;
 
+	/// Copy asssignment
+	rotatingAxis& operator=(rotatingAxis&&) = default;
+
+	/// destructor 
+	~rotatingAxis()=default;
+
+
 	/// Set omega
 	FUNCTION_HD
 	real setOmega(real omega);
@@ -115,7 +126,10 @@ public:
 
 	/// Linear tangential velocity at point p
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	realx3 linTangentialVelocityPoint(const realx3 &p)const;
+	realx3 linVelocityPoint(const realx3 &p)const;
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	realx3 transferPoint(const realx3 p, real dt)const;
 
 	// - IO operation
 
diff --git a/src/MotionModel/entities/rotatingAxis/rotatingAxisFwd.hpp b/src/MotionModel/entities/rotatingAxis/rotatingAxisFwd.hpp
index 8cbfe593..140411c5 100755
--- a/src/MotionModel/entities/rotatingAxis/rotatingAxisFwd.hpp
+++ b/src/MotionModel/entities/rotatingAxis/rotatingAxisFwd.hpp
@@ -18,6 +18,11 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class rotatingAxis;
+
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 realx3 rotate(const realx3 &p, const line& ln, real theta);
 
@@ -25,10 +30,10 @@ INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 realx3 rotate(const realx3& p, const rotatingAxis& ax, real dt);
 
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-void rotate(realx3* p, size_t n, const line& ln, real theta);
+void rotate(realx3* p, uint32 n, const line& ln, real theta);
 
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-void rotate(realx3* p, size_t n, const rotatingAxis& ax, real dt);
-
+void rotate(realx3* p, uint32 n, const rotatingAxis& ax, real dt);
 
+}
 
diff --git a/src/MotionModel/entities/rotatingAxis/rotatingAxisI.hpp b/src/MotionModel/entities/rotatingAxis/rotatingAxisI.hpp
index c7563020..10a730cc 100755
--- a/src/MotionModel/entities/rotatingAxis/rotatingAxisI.hpp
+++ b/src/MotionModel/entities/rotatingAxis/rotatingAxisI.hpp
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include "rotatingAxis.hpp"
 /*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ Licence:
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-pFlow::realx3 pFlow::rotatingAxis::linTangentialVelocityPoint(const realx3 &p)const
+pFlow::realx3 pFlow::rotatingAxis::linVelocityPoint(const realx3 &p)const
 {
 	
 	if(!inTimeRange()) return {0,0,0};
@@ -28,6 +29,12 @@ pFlow::realx3 pFlow::rotatingAxis::linTangentialVelocityPoint(const realx3 &p)co
 	return cross(omega_*unitVector(),L);
 }
 
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD 
+pFlow::realx3 pFlow::rotatingAxis::transferPoint(const realx3 p, real dt)const
+{
+    return  rotate(p, *this, dt);
+}
+
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 pFlow::realx3 pFlow::rotate(const realx3& p, const rotatingAxis& ax, real dt)
 {
@@ -97,7 +104,7 @@ pFlow::realx3 pFlow::rotate(const realx3 &p, const line& ln, real theta)
 }
 
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-void pFlow::rotate(realx3* p, size_t n, const line& ln, real theta)
+void pFlow::rotate(realx3* p, uint32 n, const line& ln, real theta)
 {
 	realx3 nv = ln.unitVector();
 	real cos_tet = cos(theta);
@@ -110,7 +117,7 @@ void pFlow::rotate(realx3* p, size_t n, const line& ln, real theta)
 	// (a(v2+w2) - u( bv + cw - ux - vy - wz)) (1-cos_tet) + x cos_tet + (- cv + bw - wy + vz) sin_tet 
 	realx3 res;
 
-	for(label i=0; i<n; i++ )
+	for(uint32 i=0; i<n; i++ )
 	{
 		res.x_ = (lp1.x_*(v2 + w2) - (nv.x_*(lp1.y_*nv.y_ + lp1.z_*nv.z_ - nv.x_*p[i].x_ - nv.y_*p[i].y_ - nv.z_*p[i].z_)))*(1 - cos_tet) +
 			p[i].x_ * cos_tet +
@@ -133,7 +140,7 @@ void pFlow::rotate(realx3* p, size_t n, const line& ln, real theta)
 }
 
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-void pFlow::rotate(realx3* p, size_t n, const rotatingAxis& ax, real dt)
+void pFlow::rotate(realx3* p, uint32 n, const rotatingAxis& ax, real dt)
 {
 	if(!ax.inTimeRange()) return;
 	
@@ -148,7 +155,7 @@ void pFlow::rotate(realx3* p, size_t n, const rotatingAxis& ax, real dt)
 	// (a(v2+w2) - u( bv + cw - ux - vy - wz)) (1-cos_tet) + x cos_tet + (- cv + bw - wy + vz) sin_tet 
 	realx3 res;
 
-	for(label i=0; i<n; i++ )
+	for(uint32 i=0; i<n; i++ )
 	{
 		res.x_ = (lp1.x_*(v2 + w2) - (nv.x_*(lp1.y_*nv.y_ + lp1.z_*nv.z_ - nv.x_*p[i].x_ - nv.y_*p[i].y_ - nv.z_*p[i].z_)))*(1 - cos_tet) +
 			p[i].x_ * cos_tet +
diff --git a/src/MotionModel/entities/stationary/stationary.cpp b/src/MotionModel/entities/stationary/stationary.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..def835df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/MotionModel/entities/stationary/stationary.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "stationary.hpp"
+
+
+
+FUNCTION_H
+pFlow::stationary::stationary(const dictionary& dict)
+{
+}
+
+
+
+FUNCTION_H
+bool pFlow::stationary::read(const dictionary& dict)
+{	
+	return true;
+}
+
+FUNCTION_H
+bool pFlow::stationary::write(dictionary& dict) const
+{
+	
+	return true;
+}
+
+FUNCTION_H
+bool pFlow::stationary::read(iIstream& is)
+{
+	
+	notImplementedFunction;
+	return true;
+}
+
+FUNCTION_H
+bool pFlow::stationary::write(iOstream& os)const
+{
+  return true;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/MotionModel/entities/stationary/stationary.hpp b/src/MotionModel/entities/stationary/stationary.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2970e197
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/MotionModel/entities/stationary/stationary.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __stationary_hpp__
+#define __stationary_hpp__
+
+
+#include "types.hpp"
+#include "typeInfo.hpp"
+#include "streams.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+// forward
+class dictionary;
+
+
+/**
+ * stationary model for a wall
+ * 
+ */
+class stationary
+{
+public:
+
+	TypeInfoNV("stationary");
+
+	FUNCTION_HD
+	stationary()=default;
+
+	FUNCTION_H
+	explicit stationary(const dictionary& dict);
+	
+
+	FUNCTION_HD
+	stationary(const stationary&) = default;
+
+	stationary& operator=(const stationary&) = default;
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	void setTime(real t)
+	{}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	realx3 linVelocityPoint(const realx3 &)const
+	{
+		return realx3(0);
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	realx3 transferPoint(const realx3& p, real)const
+	{
+		return p;
+	}
+
+	// - IO operation
+	FUNCTION_H 
+	bool read(const dictionary& dict);
+
+	FUNCTION_H
+	bool write(dictionary& dict) const;
+
+	FUNCTION_H
+	bool read(iIstream& is);
+
+	FUNCTION_H
+	bool write(iOstream& os)const;
+
+};
+
+inline iOstream& operator <<(iOstream& os, const stationary& obj)
+{
+	
+	return os;
+}
+
+inline iIstream& operator >>(iIstream& is, stationary& obj)
+{
+	
+	return is;
+}
+
+}
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/MotionModel/entities/vibrating/vibrating.hpp b/src/MotionModel/entities/vibrating/vibrating.hpp
index 4ece54a2..62241dfa 100644
--- a/src/MotionModel/entities/vibrating/vibrating.hpp
+++ b/src/MotionModel/entities/vibrating/vibrating.hpp
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class vibrating
 	public timeInterval
 {
 
-protected:
+private:
 	
 	// rotation speed 
 	realx3	angularFreq_{0,0,0};
@@ -94,11 +94,13 @@ protected:
 
 public:
 
+	TypeInfoNV("vibrating");
+
 	FUNCTION_HD
-	vibrating(){}
+	vibrating()=default;
 
 	FUNCTION_H
-	vibrating(const dictionary& dict);
+	explicit vibrating(const dictionary& dict);
 	
 
 	FUNCTION_HD
@@ -115,16 +117,16 @@ public:
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	realx3 linTangentialVelocityPoint(const realx3 &p)const
+	realx3 linVelocityPoint(const realx3 &)const
 	{
 		return velocity_;
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	realx3 transferPoint(const realx3& p, real dt)
+	realx3 transferPoint(const realx3& p, real dt)const
 	{
 		if(!inTimeRange()) return p;
-		return p + static_cast<real>(0.5)*dt*(velocity0_+velocity_);
+		return p + static_cast<real>(0.5*dt)*(velocity0_+velocity_);
 	}
 
 	// - IO operation
diff --git a/src/MotionModel/fixedWall/fixedWall.cpp b/src/MotionModel/fixedWall/fixedWall.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 6c3dba2e..00000000
--- a/src/MotionModel/fixedWall/fixedWall.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-#include "fixedWall.hpp"
-#include "dictionary.hpp"
-#include "vocabs.hpp"
-
-bool pFlow::fixedWall::readDictionary
-(
-	const dictionary& dict
-)
-{
-
-	auto motionModel = dict.getVal<word>("motionModel");
-
-	if(motionModel != "fixedWall")
-	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"  motionModel should be fixedWall, but found " << motionModel <<endl;
-		return false;
-	}
-		
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool pFlow::fixedWall::writeDictionary
-(
-	dictionary& dict
-)const
-{
-	dict.add("motionModel", "fixedWall");
-
-	auto& motionInfo = dict.subDictOrCreate("fixedWallInfo");
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-pFlow::fixedWall::fixedWall()
-{}
-
-pFlow::fixedWall::fixedWall
-(
-	const dictionary& dict
-)
-{
-	if(! readDictionary(dict) )
-	{
-		fatalExit;
-	}
-}
-
-bool pFlow::fixedWall::read
-(
-	iIstream& is
-)
-{
-	// create an empty file dictionary
-	dictionary motionInfo(motionModelFile__, true);
-
-	// read dictionary from stream
-	if( !motionInfo.read(is) )
-	{
-		ioErrorInFile(is.name(), is.lineNumber()) <<
-		"  error in reading dictionray " << motionModelFile__ <<" from file. \n";
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if( !readDictionary(motionInfo) ) return false;
-	
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool pFlow::fixedWall::write
-(
-	iOstream& os
-)const
-{
-	// create an empty file dictionary
-	dictionary motionInfo(motionModelFile__, true);
-
-	if( !writeDictionary(motionInfo))
-	{
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if( !motionInfo.write(os) )
-	{
-		ioErrorInFile( os.name(), os.lineNumber() )<<
-		"  error in writing dictionray to file. \n";
-		return false;
-	}
-	return true;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/MotionModel/fixedWall/fixedWall.hpp b/src/MotionModel/fixedWall/fixedWall.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 5c8b4760..00000000
--- a/src/MotionModel/fixedWall/fixedWall.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,206 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-#ifndef __fixedWall_hpp__
-#define __fixedWall_hpp__
-
-
-#include "types.hpp"
-#include "typeInfo.hpp"
-#include "Vectors.hpp"
-#include "uniquePtr.hpp"
-
-
-
-namespace pFlow
-{
-
-class dictionary;
-
-/**
- * Fixed wall motion model for walls
- * 
- * This class is used for geometries that are fixed during simulation.
- * 
- * 
-\verbatim
-// In geometryDict file, this will defines fixed walls during simulation
-...
-motionModel fixedWall; 
-...
-\endverbatim
- */
-class fixedWall
-{
-public:
-
-	/** Motion model class to be passed to computational units/kernels for
-	 *  transfing points and returning velocities at various positions
-	 */
-	class Model
-	{
-
-	public:
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		Model(){}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		Model(const Model&) = default;
-		
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		Model& operator=(const Model&) = default;
-
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		realx3 pointVelocity(int32 n, const realx3 p)const
-		{
-			return 0.0;
-		}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		realx3 operator()(int32 n, const realx3& p)const
-		{
-			return 0.0;
-		}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		realx3 transferPoint(int32 n, const realx3 p, real dt)const
-		{
-			return p;
-		}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD int32 numComponents()const
-		{
-			return 0;
-		}
-	};
-
-protected:
-	
-	/// Name
-	const word name_ = "none";
-
-
-	/// Read from a dictionary 
-	bool readDictionary(const dictionary& dict);
-
-	/// write to a dictionary
-	bool writeDictionary(dictionary& dict)const;
-
-public:
-	
-	/// Type info
-	TypeInfoNV("fixedWall");
-
-	// - Constructors 
-
-		/// Empty
-		fixedWall();
-
-		/// Constructor with dictionary 
-		fixedWall(const dictionary& dict);
-
-		/// Copy constructor
-		fixedWall(const fixedWall&) = default;
-
-		/// Move constructor
-		fixedWall(fixedWall&&) = default;
-
-		/// Copy assignment
-		fixedWall& operator=(const fixedWall&) = default;
-
-		/// Move assignment 
-		fixedWall& operator=(fixedWall&&) = default;
-
-		/// Destructor 
-		~fixedWall() = default;
-
-	// - Methods 
-
-		/// Return motion model
-		/// t is the current simulation time 
-		Model getModel(real t)const
-		{
-			return Model();
-		}
-
-		/// Name of the motion component to index 
-		int32 nameToIndex(const word& name)const
-		{
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		/// Index of motion component to name 
-		word indexToName(label i)const
-		{
-			return name_;
-		}
-
-		/// Velocity at point p
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		realx3 pointVelocity(label n, const realx3& p)const 
-		{
-			return zero3;
-		}
-
-		
-		/// Transfer point p for dt seconds according to motion component n
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		realx3 transferPoint(label n, const realx3 p, real dt)const
-		{
-			return p;
-		}
-
-		/// Transfer a vector of point pVec for dt seconds according to motion
-		/// component n
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		bool transferPoint(label n, realx3* pVec, size_t numP, real dt)
-		{
-			return true;		
-		}
-
-		/// Are walls moving 
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		bool isMoving()const
-		{
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		/// Move points
-		bool move(real t, real dt)
-		{
-			return true;
-		}
-
-	// - IO operations 
-
-		/// Read from input stream is 
-		FUNCTION_H
-		bool read(iIstream& is);
-
-		/// Write to output stream os 
-		FUNCTION_H
-		bool write(iOstream& os)const;	
-};
-
-} // pFlow
-
-#endif //__fixed_hpp__
diff --git a/src/MotionModel/rotatingAxisMotion/rotatingAxisMotion.cpp b/src/MotionModel/rotatingAxisMotion/rotatingAxisMotion.cpp
index 9ef21e44..b47e9c30 100644
--- a/src/MotionModel/rotatingAxisMotion/rotatingAxisMotion.cpp
+++ b/src/MotionModel/rotatingAxisMotion/rotatingAxisMotion.cpp
@@ -19,152 +19,70 @@ Licence:
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #include "rotatingAxisMotion.hpp"
-#include "dictionary.hpp"
-#include "vocabs.hpp"
 
-
-bool pFlow::rotatingAxisMotion::readDictionary
+void pFlow::rotatingAxisMotion::impl_setTime
 (
-	const dictionary& dict
-)
-{
-
-	auto motionModel = dict.getVal<word>("motionModel");
-
-	if(motionModel != "rotatingAxisMotion")
-	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"  motionModel should be rotatingAxisMotion, but found "
-		 << motionModel <<endl;
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	auto& motionInfo = dict.subDict("rotatingAxisMotionInfo");
-	auto axisNames = motionInfo.dictionaryKeywords();
-	
-	axis_.reserve(axisNames.size()+1);
-	
-	
-	axis_.clear();
-	axisName_.clear();
-
-		
-	for(auto& aName: axisNames)
-	{
-		auto& axDict = motionInfo.subDict(aName);
-		
-		if(auto axPtr = makeUnique<rotatingAxis>(axDict); axPtr)
-		{
-			axis_.push_back(axPtr());
-			axisName_.push_back(aName);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			fatalErrorInFunction<<
-			"could not read rotating axis from "<< axDict.globalName()<<endl;
-			return false;
-		}
-	}
-
-
-
-	if( !axisName_.search("none") )
-	{
-		axis_.push_back
-		(
-			rotatingAxis(
-				realx3(0.0,0.0,0.0),
-				realx3(1.0,0.0,0.0),
-				0.0
-				)
-		);
-		axisName_.push_back("none");	
-	}
-
-	axis_.syncViews();
-	numAxis_ = axis_.size();
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool pFlow::rotatingAxisMotion::writeDictionary
-(
-	dictionary& dict
+	uint32 iter, 
+	real t, 
+	real dt
 )const
 {
-	dict.add("motionModel", "rotatingAxisMotion");
-
-	auto& motionInfo = dict.subDictOrCreate("rotatingAxisMotionInfo");
-	
-	ForAll(i, axis_)
-	{
-		
-		auto& axDict = motionInfo.subDictOrCreate(axisName_[i]);
-		if( !axis_.hostVectorAll()[i].write(axDict))
-		{
-			fatalErrorInFunction<<
-			"  error in writing axis "<< axisName_[i] << " to dicrionary "
-			<< motionInfo.globalName()<<endl;
-			return false;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return true;
+	auto motion = motionComponents_.deviceViewAll();
+	Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		"rotatingAxisMotion::impl_setTime",
+		deviceRPolicyStatic(0, numComponents_),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){
+			motion[i].setTime(t);
+		});
+	Kokkos::fence();
 }
 
-pFlow::rotatingAxisMotion::rotatingAxisMotion()
-{}
-
-pFlow::rotatingAxisMotion::rotatingAxisMotion
-(
-	const dictionary& dict
-)
+pFlow::rotatingAxisMotion::rotatingAxisMotion(
+    const objectFile &objf,
+    repository *owner)
+    : fileDictionary(objf, owner)
 {
-	if(! readDictionary(dict) )
+
+	if(! impl_readDictionary(*this) )
 	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
 		fatalExit;
 	}
 }
 
-bool pFlow::rotatingAxisMotion::read
+pFlow::rotatingAxisMotion::rotatingAxisMotion
 (
-	iIstream& is
+	const objectFile &objf, 
+	const dictionary &dict, 
+	repository *owner
 )
+:
+	fileDictionary(objf, dict, owner)
 {
-	// create an empty file dictionary
-	dictionary motionInfo(motionModelFile__, true);
-
-	// read dictionary from stream
-	if( !motionInfo.read(is) )
+	if(!impl_readDictionary(*this) )
 	{
-		ioErrorInFile(is.name(), is.lineNumber()) <<
-		"  error in reading dictionray " << motionModelFile__ <<" from file. \n";
-		return false;
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		fatalExit;
 	}
-
-	if( !readDictionary(motionInfo) ) return false;
-	
-	return true;
 }
 
 bool pFlow::rotatingAxisMotion::write
 (
-	iOstream& os
-)const
+	iOstream &os, 
+	const IOPattern &iop
+) const
 {
-	// create an empty file dictionary
-	dictionary motionInfo(motionModelFile__, true);
-
-	if( !writeDictionary(motionInfo))
+	// a global dictionary
+	dictionary newDict(fileDictionary::dictionary::name(), true);
+	if( iop.thisProcWriteData() )
 	{
-		return false;
+		if( !this->impl_writeDictionary(newDict) || 
+			!newDict.write(os))
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			" error in writing to dictionary "<< newDict.globalName()<<endl;
+			return false;
+		}
 	}
-
-	if( !motionInfo.write(os) )
-	{
-		ioErrorInFile( os.name(), os.lineNumber() )<<
-		"  error in writing dictionray to file. \n";
-		return false;
-	}
-	return true;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/MotionModel/rotatingAxisMotion/rotatingAxisMotion.hpp b/src/MotionModel/rotatingAxisMotion/rotatingAxisMotion.hpp
index eacf7ca3..5a191f11 100644
--- a/src/MotionModel/rotatingAxisMotion/rotatingAxisMotion.hpp
+++ b/src/MotionModel/rotatingAxisMotion/rotatingAxisMotion.hpp
@@ -22,32 +22,26 @@ Licence:
 #define __rotatingAxisMotion_hpp__
 
 
-#include "types.hpp"
-#include "typeInfo.hpp"
-#include "VectorDual.hpp"
-#include "Vectors.hpp"
-#include "List.hpp"
+#include "MotionModel.hpp"
 #include "rotatingAxis.hpp"
-
+#include "fileDictionary.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-class dictionary;
-
 /**
  * Rotating axis motion model for walls
  * 
  * This class is used for simulaiton that at least one wall components 
  * is moving according to rotatingAxis motion mode. One or more than one
- * motion components can be defined in rotatingAxisMotionInfo dictionary
+ * motion components can be defined in rotatingAxisInfo dictionary
  * 
 \verbatim
 // In geometryDict file, this will defines rotating walls during simulation
 ...
-motionModel rotatingAxisMotion;
+motionModel rotatingAxis;
 
-rotatingAxisMotionInfo
+rotatingAxisInfo
 {
 	rotationAxis1
 	{
@@ -63,185 +57,52 @@ rotatingAxisMotionInfo
  *
  */
 class rotatingAxisMotion
+:
+    public fileDictionary,
+    public MotionModel<rotatingAxisMotion, rotatingAxis>
 {
-public:
-	
-	/** Motion model class to be passed to computational units/kernels for
-	 *  transfing points and returning velocities at various positions
-	 */
-	class Model
-	{
-	protected:
-		
-		deviceViewType1D<rotatingAxis> 	axis_;
-		int32 							numAxis_=0;
-
-	public:
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		Model(deviceViewType1D<rotatingAxis> axis, int32 numAxis):
-			axis_(axis),
-			numAxis_(numAxis)
-		{}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		Model(const Model&) = default;
-		
-		
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		Model& operator=(const Model&) = default;
-
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		realx3 pointVelocity(int32 n, const realx3& p)const
-		{
-			return axis_[n].linTangentialVelocityPoint(p);
-		}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		realx3 operator()(int32 n, const realx3& p)const
-		{
-			return pointVelocity(n,p);
-		}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		realx3 transferPoint(int32 n, const realx3 p, real dt)const
-		{
-			return rotate(p, axis_[n], dt);	
-		}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD int32 numComponents()const
-		{
-			return numAxis_;
-		}
-	};
-
 protected:
 
-	using axisVector_HD = VectorDual<rotatingAxis>;
+	friend MotionModel<rotatingAxisMotion, rotatingAxis>;
 
-	/// Vector to store axes 
-	axisVector_HD 	axis_;
+	/// is the geometry attached to this component moving
+	bool impl_isMoving()const
+	{
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// move the component itself
+	bool impl_move(uint32, real, real)const
+	{
+		return true;
+	}
 	
-	/// Names of axes
-	wordList  		axisName_;
-
-	/// Number of axes components
-	label  			numAxis_= 0;
-
-	/// Read from dictionary 
-	bool readDictionary(const dictionary& dict);
-
-	/// Write to dictionary
-	bool writeDictionary(dictionary& dict)const;
-
 public:
-	
-	/// Type info
-	TypeInfoNV("rotatingAxisMotion");
 
-	// - Constructors 
-	
-		/// Empty
-		FUNCTION_H
-		rotatingAxisMotion();
+	TypeInfo("rotatingAxisMotion");
 
-		/// Construct with dictionary 
-		FUNCTION_H
-		rotatingAxisMotion(const dictionary& dict);
+	rotatingAxisMotion(const objectFile& objf, repository* owner);
 
-		/// Copy constructor 
-		FUNCTION_H
-		rotatingAxisMotion(const rotatingAxisMotion&) = default;
+	rotatingAxisMotion(
+		const objectFile& objf, 
+		const dictionary& dict, 
+		repository* owner);
 
-		/// No move constructor 
-		rotatingAxisMotion(rotatingAxisMotion&&) = delete;
+    using fileDictionary::write;
 
-		/// Copy assignment
-		FUNCTION_H
-		rotatingAxisMotion& operator=(const rotatingAxisMotion&) = default;
+	bool write(iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop)const override;
 
-		/// No move assignment
-		rotatingAxisMotion& operator=(rotatingAxisMotion&&) = delete;
-
-		/// Destructor 
-		FUNCTION_H
-		~rotatingAxisMotion() = default;
-
-	// - Methods
-		/// Return the motion model at time t 
-		Model getModel(real t)
-		{
-			for(int32 i= 0; i<numAxis_; i++ )
-			{
-				axis_[i].setTime(t);
-			}
-			axis_.modifyOnHost();
-			axis_.syncViews();
-
-			return Model(axis_.deviceVector(), numAxis_);
-		}
-
-		/// Motion component name to index
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		int32 nameToIndex(const word& name)const
-		{
-			if( auto i = axisName_.findi(name); i == -1)
-			{
-				fatalErrorInFunction<<
-				"axis name " << name << " does not exist. \n";
-				fatalExit;
-				return i;
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				return i;
-			}
-			
-		}
-
-		/// Motion index to motion component name 
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		word indexToName(label i)const
-		{
-			if(i < numAxis_ )
-				return axisName_[i];
-			else
-			{
-				fatalErrorInFunction<<
-				"out of range access to the list of axes " << i <<endl<<
-				" size of axes_ is "<<numAxis_<<endl;
-				fatalExit;
-				return "";
-			}
-		}
-
-		
-		/// Are walls moving 
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		bool isMoving()const
-		{
-			return true;
-		}
-
-		/// Move 
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		bool move(real t, real dt)
-		{
-			return true;
-		}
-
-	// - IO operation 
-		/// Read from input stream is 
-		FUNCTION_H
-		bool read(iIstream& is);
-
-		/// Write to output stream os
-		FUNCTION_H
-		bool write(iOstream& os)const;
+	static
+    auto noneComponent()
+    {
+      return rotatingAxis({0,0,0}, {1,0,0}, 0.0);
+    }
 
+    // TODO: make this method protected
+    void impl_setTime(uint32 iter, real t, real dt)const;
 };
 
 } // pFlow
 
-#endif //__rotatingAxisMotion_hpp__
+
+#endif // __rotatingAxisMotion_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/MotionModel/stationaryWall/stationaryWall.cpp b/src/MotionModel/stationaryWall/stationaryWall.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ff581496
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/MotionModel/stationaryWall/stationaryWall.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "stationaryWall.hpp"
+
+
+pFlow::stationaryWall::stationaryWall
+(
+	const objectFile &objf, 
+	repository *owner
+)
+:
+	fileDictionary(objf, owner)
+{
+
+	if(!impl_readDictionary(*this) )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+}
+
+pFlow::stationaryWall::stationaryWall
+(
+	const objectFile &objf, 
+	const dictionary &dict, 
+	repository *owner
+)
+:
+	fileDictionary(objf, dict, owner)
+{
+	if(!impl_readDictionary(*this) )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+}
+
+bool pFlow::stationaryWall::write
+(
+	iOstream &os, 
+	const IOPattern &iop
+) const
+{
+	// a global dictionary
+	dictionary newDict(fileDictionary::dictionary::name(), true);
+	if( iop.thisProcWriteData() )
+	{
+		if( !this->impl_writeDictionary(newDict) || 
+			!newDict.write(os))
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			" error in writing to dictionary "<< newDict.globalName()<<endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/MotionModel/stationaryWall/stationaryWall.hpp b/src/MotionModel/stationaryWall/stationaryWall.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5e0167f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/MotionModel/stationaryWall/stationaryWall.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __stationaryWall_hpp__
+#define __stationaryWall_hpp__
+
+
+#include "MotionModel.hpp"
+#include "stationary.hpp"
+#include "fileDictionary.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+
+/**
+ * stationary model for walls
+ * 
+ * This class is used for simulaiton that all wall components 
+ * are fixed.
+ * 
+\verbatim
+// In geometryDict file, this will defines stationary walls
+...
+motionModel stationary;
+
+// this dictionary is optional
+stationaryInfo
+{
+	
+}
+...
+\endverbatim
+ *
+ */
+class stationaryWall
+:
+    public fileDictionary,
+    public MotionModel<stationaryWall, stationary>
+{
+protected:
+
+	friend MotionModel<stationaryWall, stationary>;
+  
+	bool impl_isMoving()const
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	bool impl_move(uint32, real, real)const
+	{
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	void impl_setTime(uint32 ,real ,real )const
+	{}
+
+public:
+
+	TypeInfo("stationaryWall");
+
+	stationaryWall(const objectFile& objf, repository* owner);
+
+	stationaryWall(
+		const objectFile& objf, 
+		const dictionary& dict, 
+		repository* owner);
+
+
+    using fileDictionary::write;
+
+	bool write(iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop)const override;
+
+	static
+    auto noneComponent()
+    {
+      return stationary();
+    }
+};
+
+} // pFlow
+
+
+#endif // __stationaryWall_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/MotionModel/vibratingMotion/vibratingMotion.cpp b/src/MotionModel/vibratingMotion/vibratingMotion.cpp
index 1cc472a8..896a35e0 100644
--- a/src/MotionModel/vibratingMotion/vibratingMotion.cpp
+++ b/src/MotionModel/vibratingMotion/vibratingMotion.cpp
@@ -1,167 +1,66 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
 #include "vibratingMotion.hpp"
-#include "dictionary.hpp"
-#include "vocabs.hpp"
 
-
-bool pFlow::vibratingMotion::readDictionary
+void pFlow::vibratingMotion::impl_setTime
 (
-	const dictionary& dict
-)
-{
-
-	auto motionModel = dict.getVal<word>("motionModel");
-
-	if(motionModel != "vibratingMotion")
-	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"  motionModel should be vibratingMotion, but found "
-		 << motionModel <<endl;
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	auto& motionInfo = dict.subDict("vibratingMotionInfo");
-	auto compNames = motionInfo.dictionaryKeywords();
-	
-	components_.reserve(compNames.size()+1);
-	
-	
-	components_.clear();
-	componentName_.clear();
-
-		
-	for(auto& cName: compNames)
-	{
-		auto& compDict = motionInfo.subDict(cName);
-		
-		if(auto compPtr = makeUnique<vibrating>(compDict); compPtr)
-		{
-			components_.push_back(compPtr());
-			componentName_.push_back(cName);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			fatalErrorInFunction<<
-			"could not read vibrating motion from "<< compDict.globalName()<<endl;
-			return false;
-		}
-	}
-
-
-
-	if( !componentName_.search("none") )
-	{
-		components_.push_back
-		(
-			vibrating()
-		);
-		componentName_.push_back("none");	
-	}
-
-	components_.syncViews();
-	numComponents_ = components_.size();
-	
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool pFlow::vibratingMotion::writeDictionary
-(
-	dictionary& dict
+	uint32 iter, 
+	real t, 
+	real dt
 )const
 {
-	dict.add("motionModel", "vibratingMotion");
-
-	auto& motionInfo = dict.subDictOrCreate("vibratingMotionInfo");
-	
-	ForAll(i, components_)
-	{
-		
-		auto& compDict = motionInfo.subDictOrCreate(componentName_[i]);
-		if( !components_.hostVectorAll()[i].write(compDict))
-		{
-			fatalErrorInFunction<<
-			"  error in writing motion compoonent "<< componentName_[i] << " to dicrionary "
-			<< motionInfo.globalName()<<endl;
-			return false;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return true;
+	auto motion = motionComponents_.deviceViewAll();
+	Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		"vibratingMotion::impl_setTime",
+		deviceRPolicyStatic(0, numComponents_),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){
+			motion[i].setTime(t);
+		});
+	Kokkos::fence();
 }
 
-pFlow::vibratingMotion::vibratingMotion()
-{}
-
 pFlow::vibratingMotion::vibratingMotion
 (
-	const dictionary& dict
-)
+    const objectFile &objf,
+    repository *owner
+) 
+: 
+	fileDictionary(objf, owner)
 {
-	if(! readDictionary(dict) )
+    if(! getModel().impl_readDictionary(*this) )
 	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
 		fatalExit;
 	}
 }
 
-bool pFlow::vibratingMotion::read
+pFlow::vibratingMotion::vibratingMotion
 (
-	iIstream& is
+	const objectFile &objf, 
+	const dictionary &dict, 
+	repository *owner
 )
+:
+	fileDictionary(objf,dict,owner)
 {
-	// create an empty file dictionary
-	dictionary motionInfo(motionModelFile__, true);
-
-	// read dictionary from stream
-	if( !motionInfo.read(is) )
+	if(! getModel().impl_readDictionary(*this) )
 	{
-		ioErrorInFile(is.name(), is.lineNumber()) <<
-		"  error in reading dictionray " << motionModelFile__ <<" from file. \n";
-		return false;
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		fatalExit;
 	}
-
-	if( !readDictionary(motionInfo) ) return false;
-	
-	return true;
 }
 
-bool pFlow::vibratingMotion::write
-(
-	iOstream& os
-)const
+bool pFlow::vibratingMotion::write(iOstream &os, const IOPattern &iop) const
 {
-	// create an empty file dictionary
-	dictionary motionInfo(motionModelFile__, true);
-
-	if( !writeDictionary(motionInfo))
+    // a global dictionary
+	dictionary newDict(fileDictionary::dictionary::name(), true);
+	if( iop.thisProcWriteData() )
 	{
-		return false;
+		if( !getModel().impl_writeDictionary(newDict) || 
+			!newDict.write(os))
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			" error in writing to dictionary "<< newDict.globalName()<<endl;
+			return false;
+		}
 	}
-
-	if( !motionInfo.write(os) )
-	{
-		ioErrorInFile( os.name(), os.lineNumber() )<<
-		"  error in writing dictionray to file. \n";
-		return false;
-	}
-	return true;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/MotionModel/vibratingMotion/vibratingMotion.hpp b/src/MotionModel/vibratingMotion/vibratingMotion.hpp
index 4392ed09..79dbc6f4 100644
--- a/src/MotionModel/vibratingMotion/vibratingMotion.hpp
+++ b/src/MotionModel/vibratingMotion/vibratingMotion.hpp
@@ -22,20 +22,16 @@ Licence:
 #define __vibratingMotion_hpp__
 
 
-#include "types.hpp"
-#include "typeInfo.hpp"
-#include "VectorDual.hpp"
-#include "Vectors.hpp"
-#include "List.hpp"
+#include "MotionModel.hpp"
 #include "vibrating.hpp"
+#include "fileDictionary.hpp"
+
 
 
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-// forward
-class dictionary;
 
 /**
  * Vibrating motion model for walls
@@ -43,14 +39,14 @@ class dictionary;
  * This class is used for simulaiton that at least one wall components 
  * are moving according to a sinoidal viration defined in class vibrating.
  * One or more than one motion components can be defined in 
- * vibratingMotionInfo dictionary
+ * vibratingInfo dictionary
  * 
 \verbatim
 // In geometryDict file, this will defines vibrating walls during simulation
 ...
-motionModel vibratingMotion;
+motionModel vibrating;
 
-vibratingMotionInfo
+vibratingInfo
 {
 	vibComponent1
 	{
@@ -66,194 +62,58 @@ vibratingMotionInfo
  *
  */
 class vibratingMotion
+:
+    public fileDictionary,
+    public MotionModel<vibratingMotion, vibrating>
 {
-public:
-	
-	/** Motion model class to be passed to computational units/kernels for
-	 *  transfing points and returning velocities at various positions
-	 */
-	class Model
-	{
-	protected:
-		
-		deviceViewType1D<vibrating> 	components_;
-		int32 							numComponents_=0;
-
-	public:
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		Model(deviceViewType1D<vibrating> comps, int32 numComps):
-			components_(comps),
-			numComponents_(numComps)
-		{}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		Model(const Model&) = default;
-		
-		
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		Model& operator=(const Model&) = default;
-
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		realx3 pointVelocity(int32 n, const realx3& p)const
-		{
-			return components_[n].linTangentialVelocityPoint(p);
-		}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		realx3 operator()(int32 n, const realx3& p)const
-		{
-			return pointVelocity(n,p);
-		}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		realx3 transferPoint(int32 n, const realx3 p, real dt)const
-		{
-			return components_[n].transferPoint(p, dt);	
-		}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD int32 numComponents()const
-		{
-			return numComponents_;
-		}
-	};
 
 protected:
-
-	using axisVector_HD = VectorDual<vibrating>;
-
-	/// Vibrating motion components 
-	axisVector_HD 	components_;
 	
-	/// Names of components
-	wordList  		componentName_;
+	friend MotionModel<vibratingMotion, vibrating>;
 
-	/// Number of components
-	label  			numComponents_= 0;
+	bool impl_isMoving()const
+	{
+		return true;
+	}
 
-	/// Read from a dictionary
-	bool readDictionary(const dictionary& dict);
+	/// move the component itself
+	bool impl_move(uint32, real, real)const
+	{
+		return true;
+	}
 
-	/// Write to a dictionary 
-	bool writeDictionary(dictionary& dict)const;
 
 public:
 	
 	/// Type info
-	TypeInfoNV("vibratingMotion");
+	TypeInfo("vibratingMotion");
+	
+	vibratingMotion(const objectFile& objf, repository* owner);
 
-	/// Empty
-	FUNCTION_H
-	vibratingMotion();
-
-	/// Construct with dictionary 
-	FUNCTION_H
-	vibratingMotion(const dictionary& dict);
-
-	/// Copy constructor 
-	FUNCTION_H
-	vibratingMotion(const vibratingMotion&) = default;
-
-	/// No move 
-	vibratingMotion(vibratingMotion&&) = delete;
-
-	/// Copy assignment 
-	FUNCTION_H
-	vibratingMotion& operator=(const vibratingMotion&) = default;
-
-	/// No Move assignment 
-	vibratingMotion& operator=(vibratingMotion&&) = delete;
+	vibratingMotion(
+		const objectFile& objf, 
+		const dictionary& dict, 
+		repository* owner);
 
 	/// Destructor 
-	FUNCTION_H
-	~vibratingMotion() = default;
+	~vibratingMotion()override = default;
 
-	/// Return motion model at time t 
-	Model getModel(real t)
-	{
-		for(int32  i= 0; i<numComponents_; i++ )
-		{
-			components_[i].setTime(t);
-		}
-		components_.modifyOnHost();
-		components_.syncViews();
+    using fileDictionary::write;
+    
+	bool write(iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop)const override;
 
-		return Model(components_.deviceVectorAll(), numComponents_);
-	}
+    
 
-	/// Name to component index 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	int32 nameToIndex(const word& name)const
-	{
-		if( auto i = componentName_.findi(name); i == -1)
-		{
-			fatalErrorInFunction<<
-			"component name " << name << " does not exist. \n";
-			fatalExit;
-			return i;
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			return i;
-		}
-		
-	}
-
-	/// Index to name 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	word indexToName(label i)const
-	{
-		if(i < numComponents_ )
-			return componentName_[i];
-		else
-		{
-			fatalErrorInFunction<<
-			"out of range access to the list of axes " << i <<endl<<
-			" size of components_ is "<<numComponents_<<endl;
-			fatalExit;
-			return "";
-		}
-	}
-
-	/// velocity at point p according to motion component n	
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	realx3 pointVelocity(label n, const realx3& p)const 
-	{
-		return components_.hostVectorAll()[n].linTangentialVelocityPoint(p);
-	}
-
-	/// Transfer point p for dt seconds based on motion component n 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	realx3 transferPoint(label n, const realx3 p, real dt)const
-	{
-		return components_.hostVectorAll()[n].transferPoint(p, dt);
-	}
-
-	/// Is moving 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	bool isMoving()const
-	{
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Move ponits at time t for dt seconds 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	bool move(real t, real dt)
-	{
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	/// Read from input stream is 
-	FUNCTION_H
-	bool read(iIstream& is);
-
-	/// Write to output stream os
-	FUNCTION_H
-	bool write(iOstream& os)const;
+	static
+    auto noneComponent()
+    {
+      return vibrating();
+    }
 
+    // TODO: make this protected
+    void impl_setTime(uint32 iter, real t, real dt)const;
 };
 
 } // pFlow
 
-#endif //__rotatingAxisMotion_hpp__
+#endif //__vibratingMotion_hpp__
diff --git a/src/Particles/CMakeLists.txt b/src/Particles/CMakeLists.txt
index 9c23631f..7cc91295 100644
--- a/src/Particles/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/Particles/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,17 +1,38 @@
 
 set(SourceFiles 
 dynamicPointStructure/dynamicPointStructure.cpp
+particles/shape/baseShapeNames.cpp
+particles/shape/shape.cpp
 particles/particles.cpp
-particles/particleIdHandler.cpp
+particles/particleIdHandler/particleIdHandler.cpp
+particles/regularParticleIdHandler/regularParticleIdHandler.cpp
 SphereParticles/sphereShape/sphereShape.cpp
 SphereParticles/sphereParticles/sphereParticles.cpp
-Insertion/shapeMixture/shapeMixture.cpp
-Insertion/insertion/insertion.cpp
-Insertion/Insertion/Insertions.cpp
+SphereParticles/sphereParticles/sphereParticlesKernels.cpp
+
+GrainParticles/grainShape/grainShape.cpp
+GrainParticles/grainParticles/grainParticles.cpp
+GrainParticles/grainParticles/grainParticlesKernels.cpp
+
+SphereParticles/boundarySphereParticles.cpp
+SphereParticles/boundarySphereParticlesList.cpp
+
+GrainParticles/boundaryGrainParticles.cpp
+GrainParticles/boundaryGrainParticlesList.cpp
+
+Insertion/collisionCheck/collisionCheck.cpp
 Insertion/insertionRegion/insertionRegion.cpp
-Insertion/insertionRegion/timeFlowControl.cpp
+Insertion/insertion/insertion.cpp
+Insertion/shapeMixture/shapeMixture.cpp
+Insertion/Insertion/Insertions.cpp
 )
 
+if(pFlow_Build_MPI)
+    list(APPEND SourceFiles 
+    particles/MPIParticleIdHandler/MPIParticleIdHandler.cpp
+    SphereParticles/processorBoundarySphereParticles.cpp)
+endif()
+
 set(link_libs Kokkos::kokkos phasicFlow Integration Property)
 
 pFlow_add_library_install(Particles SourceFiles link_libs)
diff --git a/src/Particles/GrainParticles/boundaryGrainParticles.cpp b/src/Particles/GrainParticles/boundaryGrainParticles.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..49c8b7b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Particles/GrainParticles/boundaryGrainParticles.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#include "boundaryGrainParticles.hpp"
+#include "boundaryBase.hpp"
+#include "grainParticles.hpp"
+
+
+pFlow::boundaryGrainParticles::boundaryGrainParticles(
+    const boundaryBase &boundary, 
+    grainParticles &prtcls
+)
+:
+    generalBoundary(boundary, prtcls.pStruct(), "", ""),
+    particles_(prtcls)
+{
+
+}
+
+pFlow::grainParticles &pFlow::boundaryGrainParticles::Particles()
+{
+    return particles_;
+}
+
+const pFlow::grainParticles &pFlow::boundaryGrainParticles::Particles() const
+{
+    return particles_;
+}
+
+pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::boundaryGrainParticles> pFlow::boundaryGrainParticles::create(
+    const boundaryBase &boundary, 
+    grainParticles &prtcls
+)
+{
+	
+	word bType = angleBracketsNames2( 
+		"boundaryGrainParticles",
+		pFlowProcessors().localRunTypeName(), 
+		boundary.type());
+
+	word altBType{"boundaryGrainParticles<none>"};
+
+	if( boundaryBasevCtorSelector_.search(bType) )
+	{
+		pOutput.space(4)<<"Creating boundary "<< Green_Text(bType)<<
+		" for "<<boundary.name()<<endl;
+		return boundaryBasevCtorSelector_[bType](boundary, prtcls);
+	}
+	else if(boundaryBasevCtorSelector_.search(altBType))
+	{
+		pOutput.space(4)<<"Creating boundary "<< Green_Text(altBType)<<
+		" for "<<boundary.name()<<endl;
+		return boundaryBasevCtorSelector_[altBType](boundary, prtcls);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		printKeys( 
+			fatalError << "Ctor Selector "<< bType<<
+			" and "<< altBType << " do not exist. \n"
+			<<"Avaiable ones are: \n",
+			boundaryBasevCtorSelector_
+		);
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+	
+	return nullptr;
+}
diff --git a/src/Particles/GrainParticles/boundaryGrainParticles.hpp b/src/Particles/GrainParticles/boundaryGrainParticles.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5557931e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Particles/GrainParticles/boundaryGrainParticles.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+
+
+#ifndef __boundaryGrainParticles_hpp__
+#define __boundaryGrainParticles_hpp__
+
+#include "generalBoundary.hpp"
+#include "virtualConstructor.hpp"
+#include "timeInfo.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class grainParticles;
+
+class boundaryGrainParticles
+    : public generalBoundary
+{
+private:
+
+    grainParticles&        particles_;
+
+public:
+
+    /// type info
+    TypeInfo("boundaryGrainParticles<none>");
+
+    boundaryGrainParticles(
+        const boundaryBase &boundary,
+        grainParticles&  prtcls
+    );
+
+    create_vCtor(
+        boundaryGrainParticles,
+        boundaryBase,
+        (
+            const boundaryBase &boundary,
+            grainParticles&  prtcls
+        ),
+        (boundary, prtcls)
+    );
+
+    add_vCtor(
+        boundaryGrainParticles,
+        boundaryGrainParticles,
+        boundaryBase
+    );
+
+    grainParticles& Particles();
+
+    const grainParticles& Particles()const;
+
+    bool hearChanges(
+        real t,
+        real dt,
+        uint32 iter,
+        const message &msg,
+        const anyList &varList) override
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    virtual
+    bool acceleration(const timeInfo& ti, const realx3& g)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static
+    uniquePtr<boundaryGrainParticles> create(
+        const boundaryBase &boundary,
+        grainParticles&  prtcls);
+    
+};
+
+
+}
+
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/Particles/GrainParticles/boundaryGrainParticlesList.cpp b/src/Particles/GrainParticles/boundaryGrainParticlesList.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4cd941bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Particles/GrainParticles/boundaryGrainParticlesList.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include "boundaryGrainParticlesList.hpp"
+
+pFlow::boundaryGrainParticlesList::boundaryGrainParticlesList(
+    const boundaryList &bndrs, 
+    grainParticles &prtcls
+)
+:
+    ListPtr(bndrs.size()), 
+    boundaries_(bndrs)
+{
+    for(auto i=0; i<boundaries_.size(); i++)
+    {
+        this->set
+        (
+            i, 
+            boundaryGrainParticles::create(boundaries_[i], prtcls)
+        );
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Particles/GrainParticles/boundaryGrainParticlesList.hpp b/src/Particles/GrainParticles/boundaryGrainParticlesList.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4fe22ad8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Particles/GrainParticles/boundaryGrainParticlesList.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+
+
+#ifndef __boundaryGrainParticlesList_hpp__
+#define __boundaryGrainParticlesList_hpp__
+
+#include "ListPtr.hpp"
+#include "boundaryList.hpp"
+#include "boundaryGrainParticles.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class boundaryGrainParticlesList
+:
+    public ListPtr<boundaryGrainParticles>
+{
+private:
+
+    const boundaryList&         boundaries_;
+
+public:
+
+    boundaryGrainParticlesList(
+        const boundaryList& bndrs,
+        grainParticles& prtcls
+    );
+
+    ~boundaryGrainParticlesList()=default;
+
+};
+
+}
+
+
+
+#endif 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Particles/GrainParticles/grainParticles/grainParticles.cpp b/src/Particles/GrainParticles/grainParticles/grainParticles.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8293a510
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Particles/GrainParticles/grainParticles/grainParticles.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,422 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "grainParticles.hpp"
+#include "systemControl.hpp"
+#include "vocabs.hpp"
+#include "grainParticlesKernels.hpp"
+
+bool pFlow::grainParticles::initializeParticles()
+{
+	
+	using exeSpace = typename realPointField_D::execution_space;
+	using policy = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
+			exeSpace,
+			Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>>;
+	
+	auto [minIndex, maxIndex] = minMax(shapeIndex().internal());		
+
+	if( !grains_.indexValid(maxIndex) )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<< 
+		"the maximum value of shapeIndex is "<< maxIndex << 
+		" which is not valid."<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	auto aPointsMask 	= dynPointStruct().activePointsMaskDevice();
+	auto aRange 		= aPointsMask.activeRange();
+	
+	auto field_shapeIndex 	= shapeIndex().deviceView();
+	auto field_diameter 	= grainDiameter_.deviceView();
+	auto field_coarseGrainFactor 	= coarseGrainFactor_.deviceView();
+	auto field_mass 		= mass_.deviceView();
+	auto field_propId 		= propertyId_.deviceView();
+	auto field_I 			= I_.deviceView();
+
+	// get info from grains shape 
+	realVector_D d("diameter", grains_.boundingDiameter());
+	realVector_D coarseGrainFactor("coarse Grain Factor", grains_.coarseGrainFactor());
+	realVector_D mass("mass",grains_.mass());
+	uint32Vector_D propId("propId", grains_.shapePropertyIds());
+	realVector_D  I("I", grains_.Inertia());
+
+	auto d_d 		= d.deviceView();
+	auto d_coarseGrainFactor 		= coarseGrainFactor.deviceView();
+	auto d_mass 	= mass.deviceView();
+	auto d_propId 	= propId.deviceView();
+	auto d_I 		= I.deviceView();
+		
+	Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		"particles::initInertia",
+		policy(aRange.start(), aRange.end()),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i)
+		{
+			if(aPointsMask(i))
+			{
+				uint32 index = field_shapeIndex[i];
+				field_I[i] = d_I[index];
+				field_diameter[i] = d_d[index];
+				field_coarseGrainFactor[i] = d_coarseGrainFactor[index];
+				field_mass[i] = d_mass[index];
+				field_propId[i] = d_propId[index];
+			}
+		});
+	Kokkos::fence();
+	
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool
+pFlow::grainParticles::getParticlesInfoFromShape(
+  const wordVector& shapeNames,
+  uint32Vector&     propIds,
+  realVector&       diams,
+  realVector&       coarseGrainFactors,
+
+  realVector&       m,
+  realVector&       Is,
+  uint32Vector&     shIndex
+)
+{
+	auto numNew = static_cast<uint32>(shapeNames.size());
+
+	propIds.clear();
+	propIds.reserve(numNew);
+
+	diams.clear();
+	diams.reserve(numNew);
+
+	coarseGrainFactors.clear();
+	coarseGrainFactors.reserve(numNew);
+
+	m.clear();
+	m.reserve(numNew);
+
+	Is.clear();
+	Is.reserve(numNew);
+
+	shIndex.clear();
+	shIndex.reserve(numNew);
+	
+
+	for(const auto& name:shapeNames)
+	{
+		uint32 indx;
+		if(grains_.shapeNameToIndex(name,indx))
+		{
+			shIndex.push_back(indx);
+			Is.push_back( grains_.Inertia(indx));
+			m.push_back(grains_.mass(indx));
+			diams.push_back(grains_.boundingDiameter(indx));
+			coarseGrainFactors.push_back(grains_.coarseGrainFactor(indx));
+			propIds.push_back( grains_.propertyId(indx));
+		}
+		else
+		{	
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<"Shape name "<< name << 
+			"does not exist. The list is "<<grains_.shapeNameList()<<endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	return true;
+}
+
+pFlow::grainParticles::grainParticles(
+	systemControl &control,
+	const property& prop
+)
+:
+	particles(control),
+	grains_
+	(
+		shapeFile__,
+		&control.caseSetup(),
+		prop
+	),
+	propertyId_
+	(
+		objectFile
+		(
+			"propertyId",
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+			objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
+		),
+		dynPointStruct(),
+		0u
+	),
+	grainDiameter_
+	(
+		objectFile(
+			"diameter",
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+			objectFile::WRITE_NEVER),
+		dynPointStruct(),
+		0.00000000001
+	),
+	coarseGrainFactor_
+	(
+		objectFile(
+			"coarseGrainFactor",
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+			objectFile::WRITE_NEVER),
+		dynPointStruct(),
+		0.00000000001
+	),
+	mass_
+	(
+		objectFile(
+			"mass",
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+			objectFile::WRITE_NEVER),
+		dynPointStruct(),
+		0.0000000001
+	),
+	I_
+	(
+		objectFile
+		(
+			"I",
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+			objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
+		),
+		dynPointStruct(),
+		static_cast<real>(0.0000000001)
+	),
+	rVelocity_
+	(
+		objectFile
+		(
+			"rVelocity",
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+			objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
+		),
+		dynPointStruct(),
+		zero3
+	),
+	rAcceleration_
+	(
+		objectFile(
+			"rAcceleration",
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+			objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
+			),
+		dynPointStruct(),
+		zero3
+	),
+	boundaryGrainParticles_
+	(
+		dynPointStruct().boundaries(),
+		*this
+	),
+	accelerationTimer_(
+		"Acceleration", &this->timers() ),
+	intPredictTimer_(
+		"Integration-predict", &this->timers() ),
+	intCorrectTimer_(
+		"Integration-correct", &this->timers() ),
+	fieldUpdateTimer_(
+		"fieldUpdate", &this->timers() )
+{
+	
+	auto intMethod = control.settingsDict().getVal<word>("integrationMethod");
+	REPORT(1)<<"Creating integration method "<<Green_Text(intMethod)
+		  << " for rotational velocity."<<END_REPORT;
+		  
+	rVelIntegration_ = integration::create
+		(
+			"rVelocity",
+			dynPointStruct(),
+			intMethod,
+			rVelocity_.field()
+		);
+
+	if( !rVelIntegration_ )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"  error in creating integration object for rVelocity. \n";
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+	WARNING<<"setFields for rVelIntegration_"<<END_WARNING;
+	
+	if(!initializeParticles())
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+	
+} 
+
+
+
+bool pFlow::grainParticles::beforeIteration()
+{
+	particles::beforeIteration();
+	intPredictTimer_.start();
+		auto dt = this->dt();
+		dynPointStruct().predict(dt, accelertion());
+		rVelIntegration_().predict(dt,rVelocity_, rAcceleration_);
+	intPredictTimer_.end();
+
+	fieldUpdateTimer_.start();
+	propertyId_.updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested();
+	grainDiameter_.updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested();
+	coarseGrainFactor_.updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested();
+	mass_.updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested();
+	I_.updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested();
+	rVelocity_.updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested();
+	rAcceleration_.updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested();
+	rVelIntegration_().updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested();
+	fieldUpdateTimer_.end();
+	
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::grainParticles::iterate() 
+{
+
+	timeInfo ti = TimeInfo();
+	realx3 g = control().g();
+
+	particles::iterate();
+	accelerationTimer_.start();
+		pFlow::grainParticlesKernels::acceleration(
+			g,
+			mass().deviceViewAll(),
+			contactForce().deviceViewAll(),
+			I().deviceViewAll(),
+			contactTorque().deviceViewAll(),
+			dynPointStruct().activePointsMaskDevice(),
+			accelertion().deviceViewAll(),
+			rAcceleration().deviceViewAll()
+			);
+		for(auto& bndry:boundaryGrainParticles_)
+		{
+			bndry->acceleration(ti, g);
+		}
+	accelerationTimer_.end();
+	
+	intCorrectTimer_.start();
+	
+		if(!dynPointStruct().correct(dt(), accelertion()))
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+		if(!rVelIntegration_().correct(
+			dt(), 
+			rVelocity_, 
+			rAcceleration_))
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+	
+	intCorrectTimer_.end();
+	
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::grainParticles::insertParticles
+(
+	const realx3Vector &position, 
+	const wordVector &shapesNames, 
+	const anyList &setVarList
+)
+{
+	anyList newVarList(setVarList);
+
+	realVector mass("mass");
+	realVector I("I");
+	realVector diameter("diameter");
+	realVector coarseGrainFactor("coarseGrainFactor");
+	uint32Vector propId("propId");
+	uint32Vector shapeIdx("shapeIdx");
+
+	if(!getParticlesInfoFromShape(
+		shapesNames,
+		propId,
+		diameter,
+		coarseGrainFactor,
+		mass,
+		I,
+		shapeIdx))
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	newVarList.emplaceBack(
+		mass_.name()+"Vector",
+		std::move(mass));
+
+	newVarList.emplaceBack(
+		I_.name()+"Vector",
+		std::move(I));
+	
+	newVarList.emplaceBack(
+		grainDiameter_.name()+"Vector",
+		std::move(diameter));
+
+	newVarList.emplaceBack(
+		coarseGrainFactor_.name()+"Vector",
+		std::move(coarseGrainFactor));
+
+	newVarList.emplaceBack(
+		propertyId_.name()+"Vector",
+		std::move(propId));
+
+	newVarList.emplaceBack(
+		shapeIndex().name()+"Vector",
+		std::move(shapeIdx));
+	
+	if(!dynPointStruct().insertPoints(position, newVarList))
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+pFlow::word pFlow::grainParticles::shapeTypeName()const
+{
+	return "grain";
+}
+
+const pFlow::shape &pFlow::grainParticles::getShapes() const
+{
+    return grains_;
+}
+
+void pFlow::grainParticles::boundingSphereMinMax
+(
+	real & minDiam, 
+	real& maxDiam
+)const
+{
+	minDiam = grains_.minBoundingSphere();
+	maxDiam = grains_.maxBoundingSphere();
+}
diff --git a/src/Particles/GrainParticles/grainParticles/grainParticles.hpp b/src/Particles/GrainParticles/grainParticles/grainParticles.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b6c7a802
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Particles/GrainParticles/grainParticles/grainParticles.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/**
+ * @class pFlow::sphereParticles
+ *
+ * @brief Class for managing spherical particles
+ *
+ * This is a top-level class that contains the essential components for
+ * defining spherical prticles in a DEM simulation.
+ */
+
+#ifndef __grainParticles_hpp__
+#define __grainParticles_hpp__
+
+#include "indexContainer.hpp"
+#include "particles.hpp"
+#include "property.hpp"
+#include "grainShape.hpp"
+#include "boundaryGrainParticlesList.hpp"
+#include "systemControl.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class grainParticles : public particles
+{
+public:
+
+	using ShapeType = grainShape;
+
+private:
+
+	/// reference to shapes
+	ShapeType              grains_;
+
+	/// property id on device
+	uint32PointField_D     propertyId_;
+
+	/// diameter / boundig sphere size of particles on device
+	realPointField_D       grainDiameter_;
+
+	realPointField_D       coarseGrainFactor_;
+
+
+	/// mass of particles field
+	realPointField_D       mass_;
+
+	/// pointField of inertial of particles
+	realPointField_D       I_;
+
+	/// pointField of rotational Velocity of particles on device
+	realx3PointField_D     rVelocity_;
+
+	/// pointField of rotational acceleration of particles on device
+	realx3PointField_D     rAcceleration_;
+
+	/// boundaries 
+	boundaryGrainParticlesList boundaryGrainParticles_;
+
+	/// rotational velocity integrator
+	uniquePtr<integration> rVelIntegration_ = nullptr;
+
+	/// timer for acceleration computations
+	Timer                  accelerationTimer_;
+
+	/// timer for integration computations (prediction step)
+	Timer                  intPredictTimer_;
+
+	/// timer for integration computations (correction step)
+	Timer                  intCorrectTimer_;
+
+	Timer  				   fieldUpdateTimer_;
+
+private:
+	
+
+	bool getParticlesInfoFromShape(
+	  const wordVector& shapeNames,
+	  uint32Vector&     propIds,
+	  realVector&       diams,
+	  realVector&       coarseGrainFactors,
+	  realVector&       m,
+	  realVector&       Is,
+	  uint32Vector&     shIndex
+	);
+	
+protected:
+
+	Timer& accelerationTimer()
+	{
+		return accelerationTimer_;
+	}
+
+	Timer& intCorrectTimer()
+	{
+		return intCorrectTimer_;
+	}
+
+	integration& rVelIntegration()
+	{
+		return rVelIntegration_();
+	}
+
+public:
+
+	/// construct from systemControl and property
+	grainParticles(systemControl& control, const property& prop);
+
+	~grainParticles() override = default;
+
+	/**
+	 * Insert new particles in position with specified shapes
+	 *
+	 * This function is involked by inserted object to insert new set of
+	 * particles into the simulation. \param position position of new particles
+	 * \param shape shape of new particles
+	 * \param setField initial value of the selected fields for new particles
+	 */
+	/*bool insertParticles
+	(
+    const realx3Vector& position,
+	    const wordVector&  shapes,
+	    const setFieldList& setField
+	) override ;*/
+
+    // TODO: make this method private later 
+    bool initializeParticles();
+
+	/// const reference to shapes object
+	const auto& grains() const
+	{
+		return grains_;
+	}
+
+	/// const reference to inertia pointField
+	const auto& I() const
+	{
+		return I_;
+	}
+
+	/// reference to inertia pointField
+	auto& I()
+	{
+		return I_;
+	}
+
+	const auto& rVelocity() const
+	{
+		return rVelocity_;
+	}
+
+	auto& rVelocity()
+	{
+		return rVelocity_;
+	}
+
+	bool hearChanges(
+	  real           t,
+	  real           dt,
+	  uint32         iter,
+	  const message& msg,
+	  const anyList& varList
+	) override
+	{
+		notImplementedFunction;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	const uint32PointField_D& propertyId() const override
+	{
+		return propertyId_;
+	}
+
+	const realPointField_D& diameter() const override
+	{
+		return grainDiameter_;
+	}
+
+	const realPointField_D& grainDiameter()const
+	{
+		return grainDiameter_;
+	}
+
+	const realPointField_D& coarseGrainFactor() const 
+	{
+		return coarseGrainFactor_;
+	}
+
+
+	const realPointField_D& mass() const override
+	{
+		return mass_;
+	}
+
+	/// before iteration step
+	bool beforeIteration() override;
+
+	/// iterate particles
+	bool iterate() override;
+
+	bool insertParticles(
+	  const realx3Vector& position,
+	  const wordVector&   shapesNames,
+	  const anyList&      setVarList
+	) override;
+
+	realx3PointField_D& rAcceleration() override
+	{
+		return rAcceleration_;
+	}
+
+	const realx3PointField_D& rAcceleration() const override
+	{
+		return rAcceleration_;
+	}
+
+	const realPointField_D& boundingSphere() const override
+	{
+		return diameter();
+	}
+
+	word         shapeTypeName() const override;
+
+	const shape& getShapes() const override;
+
+	void boundingSphereMinMax(real& minDiam, real& maxDiam) const override;
+
+};// grainParticles
+
+} // pFlow
+
+#endif //__sphereParticles_hpp__
diff --git a/src/Particles/GrainParticles/grainParticles/grainParticlesKernels.cpp b/src/Particles/GrainParticles/grainParticles/grainParticlesKernels.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..51891205
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Particles/GrainParticles/grainParticles/grainParticlesKernels.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "grainParticlesKernels.hpp"
+
+using policy = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
+			pFlow::DefaultExecutionSpace,
+			Kokkos::Schedule<Kokkos::Static>,
+			Kokkos::IndexType<pFlow::uint32>>;
+
+void pFlow::grainParticlesKernels::addMassDiamInertiaProp
+(
+    deviceViewType1D<uint32>    shapeIndex,
+    deviceViewType1D<real>  	mass,
+	deviceViewType1D<real>  	diameter,
+	deviceViewType1D<real>  	coarseGrainFactor,
+	deviceViewType1D<real>  	I,
+    deviceViewType1D<uint32>  	propertyId,
+    pFlagTypeDevice 		    incld,
+    deviceViewType1D<real>  	src_mass,
+	deviceViewType1D<real>  	src_diameter,
+	deviceViewType1D<real>  	src_I,
+    deviceViewType1D<uint32>  	src_propertyId
+)
+{
+    auto aRange = incld.activeRange();
+
+    Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		"particles::initInertia",
+		policy(aRange.start(), aRange.end()),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i)
+		{
+			if(incld(i))
+			{
+				uint32 index = shapeIndex[i];
+				I[i] = src_I[index];
+				diameter[i] = src_diameter[index];
+				mass[i] = src_mass[index];
+				propertyId[i] = src_propertyId[index];
+			}
+		});
+
+}
+
+void pFlow::grainParticlesKernels::acceleration
+( 
+	const realx3&					g,
+	const deviceViewType1D<real>&  	mass,
+	const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& force,
+	const deviceViewType1D<real>&  	I,
+	const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& torque,
+	const pFlagTypeDevice& 		    incld,
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  		lAcc,
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  		rAcc
+)
+{
+
+	auto activeRange = incld.activeRange();
+	if(incld.isAllActive())
+	{
+		Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		"pFlow::grainParticlesKernels::acceleration",
+		policy(activeRange.start(), activeRange.end()),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){
+				lAcc[i] = force[i]/mass[i] + g;
+				rAcc[i] = torque[i]/I[i];
+		});
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		"pFlow::grainParticlesKernels::acceleration",
+		policy(activeRange.start(), activeRange.end()),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){
+			if(incld(i))
+			{
+				lAcc[i] = force[i]/mass[i] + g;
+				rAcc[i] = torque[i]/I[i];
+			}
+		});
+
+	}
+	
+	Kokkos::fence();
+}
diff --git a/src/Particles/GrainParticles/grainParticles/grainParticlesKernels.hpp b/src/Particles/GrainParticles/grainParticles/grainParticlesKernels.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..daed7808
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Particles/GrainParticles/grainParticles/grainParticlesKernels.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __grainParticlesKernels_hpp__
+#define __grainParticlesKernels_hpp__
+
+#include "types.hpp"
+#include "pointFlag.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow::grainParticlesKernels
+{
+
+void addMassDiamInertiaProp(
+    deviceViewType1D<uint32>    shapeIndex,
+    deviceViewType1D<real>  	mass,
+    deviceViewType1D<real>  	diameter,
+        deviceViewType1D<real>    coarseGrainFactor,
+
+	deviceViewType1D<real>  	I,
+    deviceViewType1D<uint32>  	propertyId,
+    pFlagTypeDevice 		    incld,
+    deviceViewType1D<real>  	src_mass,
+	deviceViewType1D<real>  	src_grainDiameter,
+	deviceViewType1D<real>  	src_I,
+    deviceViewType1D<uint32>  	src_propertyId
+);
+
+void acceleration( 
+	const realx3&					g,
+	const deviceViewType1D<real>&  	mass,
+	const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& force,
+	const deviceViewType1D<real>&  	I,
+	const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& torque,
+	const pFlagTypeDevice& 		    incld,
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  		lAcc,
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  		rAcc
+);
+
+
+}
+
+#endif 
diff --git a/src/Particles/GrainParticles/grainShape/grainShape.cpp b/src/Particles/GrainParticles/grainShape/grainShape.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4558940b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Particles/GrainParticles/grainShape/grainShape.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "grainShape.hpp"
+
+
+bool pFlow::grainShape::readFromDictionary3()
+{
+
+	grainDiameters_ = getVal<realVector>("grainDiameters");
+
+	sphereDiameters_ = getVal<realVector>("sphereDiameters");
+
+	coarseGrainFactor_ = grainDiameters_ / sphereDiameters_ ;
+
+
+	if(grainDiameters_.size() != numShapes() )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<< 
+		" number of elements in grain diameters in "<< globalName()<<" is not consistent"<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if(sphereDiameters_.size() != numShapes() )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<< 
+		" number of elements in sphere diameters in "<< globalName()<<" is not consistent"<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::grainShape::writeToDict(dictionary& dict)const 
+{
+	
+	if(!shape::writeToDict(dict))return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+pFlow::grainShape::grainShape
+(
+	const word& fileName,
+	repository* owner,
+	const property& prop
+)
+:
+	shape(fileName, owner, prop)
+{
+
+	if(!readFromDictionary3())
+	{
+		fatalExit;
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+	}
+}
+
+pFlow::real pFlow::grainShape::maxBoundingSphere() const
+{
+    return max(grainDiameters_);
+}
+
+pFlow::real pFlow::grainShape::minBoundingSphere() const
+{
+    return min(grainDiameters_);
+}
+
+bool pFlow::grainShape::boundingDiameter(uint32 index, real &bDiam) const
+{
+	if( indexValid(index))
+	{
+		bDiam = grainDiameters_[index];
+		return true;
+	}
+    return false;
+}
+
+pFlow::real pFlow::grainShape::boundingDiameter(uint32 index) const
+{
+    if(indexValid(index))
+	{
+		return grainDiameters_[index];
+	}
+	fatalErrorInFunction<<"Invalid index for diameter "<<
+	index<<endl;
+	fatalExit;
+	return 0.0;
+}
+
+pFlow::realVector pFlow::grainShape::boundingDiameter() const
+{
+    return grainDiameters_;
+}
+
+pFlow::real pFlow::grainShape::coarseGrainFactor(uint32 index) const
+{
+    if(indexValid(index))
+	{
+		return coarseGrainFactor_[index];
+	}
+	fatalErrorInFunction<<"Invalid index for coarse Grain Factor "<<
+	index<<endl;
+	fatalExit;
+	return 0.0;
+}
+
+
+pFlow::realVector pFlow::grainShape::coarseGrainFactor() const
+{
+    return coarseGrainFactor_;
+}
+
+pFlow::real pFlow::grainShape::orginalDiameter(uint32 index) const
+{
+	if(indexValid(index))
+	{
+    return sphereDiameters_[index];
+	}
+    fatalErrorInFunction<<"Invalid index for sphere diameter "<<
+	index<<endl;
+	fatalExit;
+	return 0.0;
+}
+
+
+
+pFlow::realVector pFlow::grainShape::orginalDiameter() const
+{
+    return sphereDiameters_;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::grainShape::mass(uint32 index, real &m) const
+{
+    if( indexValid(index) )
+	{
+		real d = grainDiameters_[index];
+		real rho = indexToDensity(index);
+		m = Pi/6.0*pow(d,3)*rho;
+		return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+pFlow::real pFlow::grainShape::mass(uint32 index) const
+{
+    if(real m; mass(index, m))
+	{
+		return m;
+	}
+	fatalErrorInFunction<<"bad index for mass "<< index<<endl;
+	fatalExit;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+pFlow::realVector pFlow::grainShape::mass() const
+{
+    return realVector ("mass", Pi/6*pow(grainDiameters_,(real)3.0)*density());
+}
+
+pFlow::realVector pFlow::grainShape::density()const 
+{
+	auto pids = shapePropertyIds();
+	realVector rho("rho", numShapes());
+	ForAll(i, pids)
+	{
+		rho[i] = properties().density(pids[i]);
+	}
+	return rho;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::grainShape::Inertia(uint32 index, real &I) const
+{
+	if( indexValid(index) )
+	{
+		I = 0.4 * mass(index) * pow(grainDiameters_[index]/2.0,2.0);
+		return true;
+	}
+    return false;
+}
+
+pFlow::real pFlow::grainShape::Inertia(uint32 index) const
+{
+	if(real I; Inertia(index, I))
+	{
+		return I;
+	}
+    fatalExit;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+pFlow::realVector pFlow::grainShape::Inertia() const
+{
+    return realVector("I", (real)0.4*mass()*pow((real)0.5*grainDiameters_,(real)2.0));
+}
+
+bool pFlow::grainShape::Inertia_xx(uint32 index, real &Ixx) const
+{
+    return Inertia(index,Ixx);
+}
+
+pFlow::real pFlow::grainShape::Inertial_xx(uint32 index) const
+{
+    return Inertia(index);
+}
+
+bool pFlow::grainShape::Inertia_yy(uint32 index, real &Iyy) const
+{
+    return Inertia(index,Iyy);
+}
+
+pFlow::real pFlow::grainShape::Inertial_yy(uint32 index) const
+{
+    return Inertia(index);
+}
+
+bool pFlow::grainShape::Inertia_zz(uint32 index, real &Izz) const
+{
+    return Inertia(index,Izz);
+}
+
+pFlow::real pFlow::grainShape::Inertial_zz(uint32 index) const
+{
+    return Inertia(index);
+}
diff --git a/src/Particles/GrainParticles/grainShape/grainShape.hpp b/src/Particles/GrainParticles/grainShape/grainShape.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e22a729d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Particles/GrainParticles/grainShape/grainShape.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __grainShape_hpp__
+#define __grainShape_hpp__
+
+#include "shape.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class grainShape
+:
+	public shape
+{
+private:
+	
+	// - diameter of spheres
+	realVector 			grainDiameters_;
+	realVector 			sphereDiameters_;
+	realVector 			coarseGrainFactor_;
+
+	
+	bool readFromDictionary3();
+
+protected:
+
+	bool writeToDict(dictionary& dict)const override;
+
+public:
+
+	// - type info
+	TypeInfo("shape<grain>");
+
+	grainShape(
+		const word& fileName,
+		repository* owner,
+		const property& prop);
+
+	
+	~grainShape() override = default;
+
+	//// - Methods
+
+	real maxBoundingSphere()const override;
+
+    real minBoundingSphere()const override;
+
+	bool boundingDiameter(uint32 index, real& bDiam)const override;
+
+	real boundingDiameter(uint32 index)const override;
+
+	realVector boundingDiameter()const override;
+
+		real coarseGrainFactor(uint32 index)const ;
+
+	realVector coarseGrainFactor()const ;
+
+	real orginalDiameter(uint32 index)const ;
+
+	realVector orginalDiameter()const ;
+
+	bool mass(uint32 index, real& m)const override;
+
+	real mass(uint32 index) const override;
+
+	realVector mass()const override;
+
+    realVector density() const override;
+
+	bool Inertia(uint32 index, real& I)const override;
+
+	real Inertia(uint32 index)const override;
+
+	realVector Inertia()const override;
+	 
+    bool Inertia_xx(uint32 index, real& Ixx)const override;
+
+    real Inertial_xx(uint32 index)const override;
+	
+    bool Inertia_yy(uint32 index, real& Iyy)const override;
+
+    real Inertial_yy(uint32 index)const override;
+
+    bool Inertia_zz(uint32 index, real& Izz)const override;
+
+    real Inertial_zz(uint32 index)const override;
+
+};
+
+} // pFlow
+
+#endif //__grainShape_hpp__
diff --git a/src/Particles/Insertion/Insertion/Insertion.cpp b/src/Particles/Insertion/Insertion/Insertion.cpp
index acc70b28..a0e2cc77 100644
--- a/src/Particles/Insertion/Insertion/Insertion.cpp
+++ b/src/Particles/Insertion/Insertion/Insertion.cpp
@@ -18,31 +18,7 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-template<typename ShapeType>
-bool pFlow::Insertion<ShapeType>::readInsertionDict
-(
-	const dictionary& dict
-)
-{
-	if(!insertion::readInsertionDict(dict)) return false;
-	
-	regions_.clear();
-	
-	if( !this->isActive() )
-	{
-		return true;
-	}
 
-	wordList regionDicNames = dict.dictionaryKeywords();
-
-	for(auto& name:regionDicNames)
-	{
-		REPORT(2)<<"reading insertion region "<< greenText(name)<<endREPORT;
-		regions_.push_backSafe(dict.subDict(name), shapes_);
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
 
 template<typename ShapeType>
 bool pFlow::Insertion<ShapeType>::writeInsertionDict
@@ -50,7 +26,8 @@ bool pFlow::Insertion<ShapeType>::writeInsertionDict
 	dictionary& dict
 )const
 {
-	if( !insertion::writeInsertionDict(dict) ) return false;
+	
+	if(!insertion::writeInsertionDict(dict))return false;
 
 	if( !this->isActive() ) return true;
 
@@ -60,6 +37,8 @@ bool pFlow::Insertion<ShapeType>::writeInsertionDict
 
 		if( !regions_[i].write(rgnDict) )
 		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"Error in writing to dictionary "<<rgnDict.globalName()<<endl;
 			return false;
 		}
 	}
@@ -67,6 +46,33 @@ bool pFlow::Insertion<ShapeType>::writeInsertionDict
 	return true;
 }
 
+template<typename ShapeType>
+bool
+pFlow::Insertion<ShapeType>::readInsertionDict()
+{
+	regions_.clear();
+	
+	if( !this->isActive() )
+	{
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	wordList regionDicNames = this->dictionaryKeywords();
+
+	for(const auto& name:regionDicNames)
+	{
+		REPORT(2)<<"reading insertion region "<< Green_Text(name)<<END_REPORT;
+		
+		regions_.push_back(makeUnique<InsertionRegion<ShapeType>>(
+			name,
+			*this, 
+			shapes_));
+	}
+
+	return true;
+
+}
+
 template<typename ShapeType>
 pFlow::Insertion<ShapeType>::Insertion(
 	particles& prtcl,
@@ -75,11 +81,14 @@ pFlow::Insertion<ShapeType>::Insertion(
 	insertion(prtcl),
 	shapes_(shapes)
 {
-
-	
+	if(!readInsertionDict())
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		fatalExit;
+	}	
 }
 
-template<typename ShapeType>
+/*template<typename ShapeType>
 pFlow::Insertion<ShapeType>::Insertion(
 	fileSystem file, 
 	particles& prtcl, 
@@ -95,13 +104,14 @@ pFlow::Insertion<ShapeType>::Insertion(
 		file<<endl;
 		fatalExit;
 	}
-}
+}*/
 
 
 template<typename ShapeType>
 bool pFlow::Insertion<ShapeType>::insertParticles
 (
-	real currentTime,
+	uint32 iter, 
+	real t,
 	real dt
 )
 {
@@ -112,21 +122,21 @@ bool pFlow::Insertion<ShapeType>::insertParticles
 	{
 		bool insertionOccured = false;
 		auto& rgn = regions_[i];
-		if( rgn.insertionTime(currentTime, dt) )
+		if( rgn.insertionTime(iter, t, dt) )
 		{
 			
 			realx3Vector pos;
 			wordVector shapes;
-			if( rgn.insertParticles(currentTime, dt, shapes, pos, insertionOccured) )
+			if( rgn.insertParticles(iter, t, dt, shapes, pos, insertionOccured) )
 			{
 
 				if(insertionOccured)
 				{
-					REPORT(0)<<"\nParticle insertion from "<< greenText(rgn.name())<<endREPORT;
-					REPORT(1)<< cyanText(pos.size()) << " new particles is being inserted at Time: "<<
-						cyanText(currentTime) <<" s."<<endREPORT;
+					REPORT(0)<<"\nParticle insertion from "<< Green_Text(rgn.name())<<END_REPORT;
+					REPORT(1)<< Cyan_Text(pos.size()) << " new particles is being inserted at Time: "<<
+						Cyan_Text(t) <<" s."<<END_REPORT;
 						
-					if(!particles_.insertParticles(pos, shapes, rgn.setFields()))
+					if(!Particles().insertParticles(pos, shapes, rgn.setFieldList()))
 					{
 						fatalErrorInFunction<<
 						" Cannot add "<< pos.size() << " particles from region "<< rgn.name() << 
@@ -134,7 +144,7 @@ bool pFlow::Insertion<ShapeType>::insertParticles
 						return false;
 					}
 					REPORT(1)<<"Total number of particles inserted from this region is "<<
-						cyanText(rgn.totalInserted())<<'\n'<<endREPORT;
+						Cyan_Text(rgn.totalInserted())<<'\n'<<END_REPORT;
 				}
 				else
 				{
@@ -146,9 +156,15 @@ bool pFlow::Insertion<ShapeType>::insertParticles
 			{
 				if(insertionOccured)
 				{
-					yWARNING<< "\n fewer number of particles are inserted from region "<< rgn.name() <<
-					" than expected. You may stop the simulation to change settings."<<endyWARNING;
-					continue;
+					WARNING<< "\n fewer number of particles are inserted from region "<< rgn.name() <<
+					" than expected. You may stop the simulation to change settings."<<END_WARNING;
+					if(!Particles().insertParticles(pos, shapes, rgn.setFieldList()))
+					{
+						fatalErrorInFunction<<
+						" Cannot add "<< pos.size() << " particles from region "<< rgn.name() << 
+						" to particles. \n";
+						return false;
+					}
 				}
 				else
 				{
@@ -166,7 +182,7 @@ bool pFlow::Insertion<ShapeType>::insertParticles
 }
 
 
-template<typename ShapeType>
+/*template<typename ShapeType>
 bool pFlow::Insertion<ShapeType>::read
 (
 	iIstream& is
@@ -217,4 +233,4 @@ bool pFlow::Insertion<ShapeType>::write
 	}	
 
 	return true;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}*/
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Particles/Insertion/Insertion/Insertion.hpp b/src/Particles/Insertion/Insertion/Insertion.hpp
index cd9aff68..ddeb9c56 100644
--- a/src/Particles/Insertion/Insertion/Insertion.hpp
+++ b/src/Particles/Insertion/Insertion/Insertion.hpp
@@ -2,67 +2,85 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
 #ifndef __Insertion_hpp__
 #define __Insertion_hpp__
 
-
-#include "insertion.hpp"
-#include "ListPtr.hpp"
 #include "InsertionRegion.hpp"
+#include "ListPtr.hpp"
+#include "insertion.hpp"
 #include "particles.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-template<typename ShapeType>
-class Insertion
-:
-	public insertion
+/**
+ * This class manages all the insertion regions for particles insertion
+ * in the simulation.
+ *
+ * Any number of insertion regions can be defined in a simulation. The
+ * data for particle insertion is provided in particleInsertion file, which
+ * looks like this. A list of insertion regions (class insertionRegion) can be
+defined in this file.
+ * For more information see file insertionRegion.hpp.
+ * \verbatim
+active  yes;
+
+region1
 {
+    // the data for insertionRegion
+}
+
+region2
+{
+    // Data for insertionRegion
+}
+ \endverbatim
+ */
+template<typename ShapeType>
+class Insertion : public insertion
+{
+private:
+
+	const ShapeType&                    shapes_;
+
+	// - insertion regions
+	ListPtr<InsertionRegion<ShapeType>> regions_;
+
+  bool readInsertionDict();
+
 protected:
 
-	const ShapeType& shapes_;
-
-	// - insertion regions 
-	ListPtr<InsertionRegion<ShapeType>>  regions_;
-
-
-	bool readInsertionDict(const dictionary& dict);
-
-	bool writeInsertionDict(dictionary& dict)const;
+	bool writeInsertionDict(dictionary& dict)const override;
 
 public:
 
-	TypeInfoTemplateNV("Insertion",ShapeType);
+	TypeInfoTemplateNV11("Insertion", ShapeType);
 
 	Insertion(particles& prtcl, const ShapeType& shapes);
 
-	Insertion(fileSystem file, particles& prtcl, const ShapeType& shapes);
+	// Insertion(fileSystem file, particles& prtcl, const ShapeType& shapes);
 
+	bool insertParticles(uint32 iter, real t, real dt);
 
-	bool insertParticles(real currentTime, real dt);
-
-	virtual bool read(iIstream& is) override;
-
-	virtual bool write(iOstream& os)const override;
+	/*virtual bool read(iIstream& is) override;
 
+	virtual bool write(iOstream& os)const override;*/
 };
 
 }
diff --git a/src/Particles/Insertion/Insertion/Insertions.cpp b/src/Particles/Insertion/Insertion/Insertions.cpp
index 2bc3bd92..5405b3f6 100644
--- a/src/Particles/Insertion/Insertion/Insertions.cpp
+++ b/src/Particles/Insertion/Insertion/Insertions.cpp
@@ -21,4 +21,5 @@ Licence:
 
 #include "Insertions.hpp"
 
-template class pFlow::Insertion<pFlow::sphereShape>;
\ No newline at end of file
+template class pFlow::Insertion<pFlow::sphereShape>;
+template class pFlow::Insertion<pFlow::grainShape>;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Particles/Insertion/Insertion/Insertions.hpp b/src/Particles/Insertion/Insertion/Insertions.hpp
index deaafba2..b513295d 100644
--- a/src/Particles/Insertion/Insertion/Insertions.hpp
+++ b/src/Particles/Insertion/Insertion/Insertions.hpp
@@ -24,11 +24,15 @@ Licence:
 
 #include "Insertion.hpp"
 #include "sphereShape.hpp"
+#include "grainShape.hpp"
+
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
 using sphereInsertion = Insertion<sphereShape> ;
+using grainInsertion = Insertion<grainShape> ;
+
 
 }
 
diff --git a/src/Particles/Insertion/InsertionRegion/InsertionRegion.cpp b/src/Particles/Insertion/InsertionRegion/InsertionRegion.cpp
index 57404bf7..4434f64b 100644
--- a/src/Particles/Insertion/InsertionRegion/InsertionRegion.cpp
+++ b/src/Particles/Insertion/InsertionRegion/InsertionRegion.cpp
@@ -39,77 +39,211 @@ bool pFlow::InsertionRegion<ShapeType>::checkForContact
 template<typename ShapeType>
 pFlow::InsertionRegion<ShapeType>::InsertionRegion
 (
-	const dictionary& dict,
+	const word& name,
+	const insertion& instn, 
 	const ShapeType& shapes
 )
 :
-	insertionRegion(dict),
+	insertionRegion(name, instn),
 	shapes_(shapes)
-{
-
-}
+{}
 
 
 template<typename ShapeType>
 bool pFlow::InsertionRegion<ShapeType>::insertParticles
 (
-	real currentTime,
+	uint32 iter, 
+	real t,
 	real dt,
-	wordVector& names,
-	realx3Vector& pos,
+	wordVector& 	names,
+	realx3Vector& 	positions,
 	bool& insertionOccured
 )
 {
 	insertionOccured = false;
 
-	if(!insertionTime( currentTime, dt)) return true;
+	if(!insertionTime(iter, t, dt)) return true;
 
-	size_t newNum = numberToBeInserted(currentTime);
-	
+	uint32 newNum = numberToBeInserted(iter, t, dt);
 	if(newNum == 0) return true;
 
-	names.reserve(max(newNum,names.capacity()));
-	pos.reserve(max(newNum,pos.capacity()));
-	names.clear();
-	pos.clear();
-
-	realVector diams(newNum, RESERVE());
-
-	mixture_->getNextShapeNameN(newNum, names);
-
-	if(!shapes_.shapeToDiameter(names,diams))
+	// get the internal box 
+	auto internalBox =  pStruct().internalDomainBox();
+	if( !(internalBox.minPoint() < internalBox.maxPoint()))
 	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"  error occured in insertion region "<< name() << 
-		" while converting shapes to diameter. \n";
+		WARNING<<"Minimum point of internal point is not lower than "<<
+		"the maximum point \n"<<
+		"minimum point: "<< internalBox.minPoint()<<
+		"\nmaximum point:"<<internalBox.maxPoint()<<END_WARNING;
+
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	size_t n = 0;
+	
 
-	for(label iter=0; iter< 10*newNum ; ++iter)
+	/// reserve enough space 
+	names.reserve(max(newNum,names.capacity()));
+	names.clear();
+	
+	positions.reserve(max(newNum,positions.capacity()));
+	positions.clear();
+
+	auto allPositions = realx3Vector("allPositions");
+	auto allDiameters = realVector("allDiameters");
+
+	auto& mix = mixture();
+	auto& pReg = pRegion();
+
+	real maxDiam = shapes_.maxBoundingSphere();
+	auto minP = pReg.minPoint() - maxDiam;
+	auto maxP = pReg.maxPoint() + maxDiam;
+	
+	if(Insertion().checkForCollision())
 	{
-		if( !(n < newNum) ) 
-		{
-			addToNumInserted(newNum);
-			insertionOccured = true;
-			return true;
-		}
-		realx3 p = pRegion_().peek();
-		real d = diams[pos.size()];
-		if( !checkForContact(pos, diams, p, d) )
-		{
-			pos.push_back(p);
-			n++;
-		}
-
+		// check for collision with already inserted particles 	
+		// so, use selector to select particles in the simulation 
+		auto bDict = dictionary("boxInfo");
+		bDict.add("min", minP);
+		bDict.add("max", maxP);
+		
+		auto selector = pStructSelector::create(
+			"box", 
+			pStruct(), 
+			bDict);
+		
+		allPositions = selector().selectedPointPositions();
+		allDiameters = selectedFieldVals<real>
+		(
+			selector(), 
+			Insertion().diameterName()
+		);
 	}
+	
+	auto collCheck = collisionCheck( 
+		{minP, maxP}, 
+		maxDiam,
+		allPositions,
+		allDiameters);
 
-	fatalErrorInFunction<<
-	"  Cannot insert "<< newNum << " new particles from region "<< name()<<". \n"
-	"  pFlow could position only "<< n<< " particles in this region. \n";
-	addToNumInserted(n);
-	insertionOccured = false;
-	return false;
+	uint32 numInserted = 0;
 
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+	uint32 idx;
+	word name = mix.getNextShapeName();
+	shapes_.shapeNameToIndex(name, idx);
+	real d = shapes_.boundingDiameter(idx);
+
+	for(uint32 i=0; i< 100*newNum ; ++i)
+	{
+		realx3 p = pReg.peek();
+		// check if point is inside internal box 
+		if(!internalBox.isInside(p))continue;
+
+		if( collCheck.checkPoint( p, d) )
+		{
+			names.push_back(name);
+			positions.push_back(p);
+			numInserted++;
+			if( numInserted == newNum ) break;
+			
+			// add this new particle to collision check set 
+			allDiameters.push_back(d);
+			allPositions.push_back(p);
+			collCheck.mapLastAddedParticle();
+							
+			// obtain next shape name and diameter 
+			name = mix.getNextShapeName();
+			shapes_.shapeNameToIndex(name, idx);
+			d = shapes_.boundingDiameter(idx);
+		}
+		
+	}
+	
+	insertionOccured = true;
+	addToNumInserted(numInserted);
+	return numInserted == newNum;
+}
+
+
+
+/*if(!checkForCollision)
+	{
+		realVector diams("diams", newNum, 0, RESERVE());
+		
+		uint32 idx;
+		word name = mix.getNextShapeName();
+		shapes_.shapeNameToIndex(name, idx);
+		real d = shapes_.boundingDiameter(idx);	
+
+		for(uint32 i=0; i< 100*newNum ; ++i)
+		{
+			realx3 p = pReg.peek();
+			// check if point is inside internal box 
+			if(!internalBox.isInside(p))continue;
+
+			if( !checkForContact(positions, diams, p, d) )
+			{
+				names.push_back(name);
+				positions.push_back(p);
+				diams.push_back(d);
+				numInserted++;
+
+				if( numInserted == newNum ) break;
+				
+				name = mix.getNextShapeName();
+				shapes_.shapeNameToIndex(name, idx);
+				d = shapes_.boundingDiameter(idx);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		real maxDiam = shapes_.maxBoundingSphere();
+		auto minP = pReg.minPoint() - maxDiam;
+		auto maxP = pReg.maxPoint() + maxDiam;
+		auto bDict = dictionary("boxInfo");
+		bDict.add("min", minP);
+		bDict.add("max", maxP);
+		auto selector = pStructSelector::create(
+			"box", 
+			pStruct(), 
+			bDict);
+			
+		auto allPositions = selector().selectedPointPositions();
+		auto allDiameters = selectedFieldVals<real>(selector(), "diameter");
+		auto collCheck = collisionCheck(
+			{minP, maxP},
+			maxDiam,
+			allPositions,
+			allDiameters);
+		
+		uint32 idx;
+		word name = mix.getNextShapeName();
+		shapes_.shapeNameToIndex(name, idx);
+		real d = shapes_.boundingDiameter(idx);
+
+		for(uint32 i=0; i< 100*newNum ; ++i)
+		{
+			realx3 p = pReg.peek();
+			// check if point is inside internal box 
+			if(!internalBox.isInside(p))continue;
+
+			if( collCheck.checkPoint( p, d) )
+			{
+				names.push_back(name);
+				positions.push_back(p);
+				numInserted++;
+				if( numInserted == newNum ) break;
+				
+				// add this new particle to collision check set 
+				allDiameters.push_back(d);
+				allPositions.push_back(p);
+				collCheck.mapLastAddedParticle();
+								
+				// obtain next shape name and diameter 
+				name = mix.getNextShapeName();
+				shapes_.shapeNameToIndex(name, idx);
+				d = shapes_.boundingDiameter(idx);
+			}
+			
+		}
+	}*/
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Particles/Insertion/InsertionRegion/InsertionRegion.hpp b/src/Particles/Insertion/InsertionRegion/InsertionRegion.hpp
index d7bdbf0a..526dde6b 100644
--- a/src/Particles/Insertion/InsertionRegion/InsertionRegion.hpp
+++ b/src/Particles/Insertion/InsertionRegion/InsertionRegion.hpp
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
@@ -21,75 +21,77 @@ Licence:
 #ifndef __InsertionRegion_hpp__
 #define __InsertionRegion_hpp__
 
-
 #include "insertionRegion.hpp"
 #include "dictionary.hpp"
+#include "pointStructure.hpp"
+#include "insertion.hpp"
+#include "collisionCheck.hpp"
+#include "pStructSelector.hpp"
+#include "fieldSelector.hpp"
+
+
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
+/**
+ * This manages insertion of particles from a region based on the ShapeType
+ *
+ */
 template<typename ShapeType>
-class InsertionRegion
-:
-	public insertionRegion
+class InsertionRegion 
+  : public insertionRegion
 {
-protected:
-	// - type of particle shapes 
-	const ShapeType& 	shapes_;
+private:
 
-	static bool checkForContact(
-				const realx3Vector& pos,
-				const realVector& diams,
-				const realx3& p,
-				const real& d);
+	/// Ref to Shapes
+	const ShapeType& shapes_;
+
+	static bool      checkForContact(
+	       const realx3Vector& pos,
+	       const realVector&   diams,
+	       const realx3&       p,
+	       const real&         d
+	     );
 
 public:
 
-	// - type info
-	TypeInfoTemplateNV("insertionRegion", ShapeType);
+	/// Type info
+	TypeInfoTemplateNV11("insertionRegion", ShapeType);
 
-	InsertionRegion(const dictionary& dict, const ShapeType& shapes);
+	// - Constructors
 
-	InsertionRegion(const InsertionRegion<ShapeType>& ) = default;
-
-	InsertionRegion(InsertionRegion<ShapeType>&&) = default;
-
-	InsertionRegion<ShapeType>& operator=(const InsertionRegion<ShapeType>& ) = default;
-
-	InsertionRegion<ShapeType>& operator=(InsertionRegion<ShapeType>&&) = default;
-
-
-	auto clone()const
-	{
-		return makeUnique<InsertionRegion<ShapeType>>(*this);
-	}
-
-	auto clonePtr()const
-	{
-		return new InsertionRegion<ShapeType>(*this);
-	}
-
-
-	bool insertParticles
-	(
-		real currentTime,
-		real dt,
-		wordVector& names,
-		realx3Vector& pos,
-		bool& insertionOccured
+	/// Construct from dictionary
+	InsertionRegion(
+	  const word&      name,
+	  const insertion& instn,
+	  const ShapeType& shapes
 	);
 
-	//bool read(const dictionary& dict);
+	~InsertionRegion() = default;
 
-	//bool write(dictionary& dict)const;
+	// - Methods
 
+	/// Insert particles at current time t
+	/// Check if currentTime is the right moment for
+	/// particle insertion. Fill the vectors name, pos and signal
+	/// if particle insertion occured or not.
+	bool insertParticles(
+	  uint32        iter,
+	  real          t,
+	  real          dt,
+	  wordVector&   names,
+	  realx3Vector& pos,
+	  bool&         insertionOccured
+	);
+
+	// bool read(const dictionary& dict);
+
+	// bool write(dictionary& dict)const;
 };
 
-
-
 } // pFlow
 
-
 #include "InsertionRegion.cpp"
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/Particles/Insertion/collisionCheck/collisionCheck.cpp b/src/Particles/Insertion/collisionCheck/collisionCheck.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ba8d4c9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Particles/Insertion/collisionCheck/collisionCheck.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#include "collisionCheck.hpp"
+
+bool
+pFlow::collisionCheck::build()
+{
+	fill(head_, static_cast<uint32>(-1));
+	fill(next_, static_cast<uint32>(-1));
+
+	for (auto i = 0uL; i < position_.size(); i++)
+	{
+		if(!searchBox_.isInside(position_[i]))
+        {
+            fatalErrorInFunction<<
+            "Point "<< position_[i]<< "is not in search box"<<endl;
+        }
+
+        const auto ind                   = pointIndex(position_[i]);
+		next_[i]                         = head_(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z());
+		head_(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()) = static_cast<uint32>(i);
+	}
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+pFlow::collisionCheck::collisionCheck(
+  box                 sBox,
+  real                dx,
+  const realx3Vector& pos,
+  const realVector&   diam
+)
+  : searchBox_(sBox),
+    dx_(dx),
+    nCells_((sBox.maxPoint() - sBox.minPoint()) / dx + realx3(1.0)),
+    position_(pos),
+    diameters_(diam),
+    next_("next", pos.size()),
+    head_("head", nCells_.x(), nCells_.y(), nCells_.z())
+{
+	if(!build())
+    {
+        fatalExit;
+    }
+}
+
+bool
+pFlow::collisionCheck::checkPoint(const realx3& p, const real d) const
+{
+    
+    if(!searchBox_.isInside(p)) return false;
+
+    const auto ind = pointIndex(p);
+    const auto startInd = max(ind - 1 ,int32x3(0));
+    const auto endInd = min( ind+1 ,nCells_-1);
+
+    for(int32 i=startInd.x(); i<=endInd.x(); i++)
+    {
+        for(int32 j=startInd.y(); j<=endInd.y(); j++)
+        {
+            for(int32 k=startInd.z(); k<=endInd.z(); k++)
+            {
+                uint32 n = head_(i, j, k);
+    
+                while( n != static_cast<uint32>(-1))
+                {
+                    if( ((position_[n]-p).length() - 0.5*(diameters_[n]+d )) <= 0.0 )
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    n = next_[n];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool
+pFlow::collisionCheck::mapLastAddedParticle()
+{
+    size_t n = position_.size()-1;
+    if( next_.size() != n )
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<<
+        "size mismatch of next and position"<<endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+    next_.push_back(static_cast<uint32>(-1));
+    const auto& p = position_[n];
+
+    if(!searchBox_.isInside(p))
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<< 
+        "Point "<< p <<" is not inside the search box"<<endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const auto ind = pointIndex(p);
+
+    next_[n]       = head_(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z());
+    head_(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()) = static_cast<uint32>(n);
+
+	return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/Particles/Insertion/collisionCheck/collisionCheck.hpp b/src/Particles/Insertion/collisionCheck/collisionCheck.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f0a6b267
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Particles/Insertion/collisionCheck/collisionCheck.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+
+#ifndef __collisionCheck_hpp__
+#define __collisionCheck_hpp__
+
+#include "Vectors.hpp"
+#include "VectorSingles.hpp"
+#include "box.hpp"
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class collisionCheck
+{
+private:
+
+	box                           searchBox_;
+
+	real                          dx_;
+
+	int32x3                       nCells_;
+
+    const realx3Vector&          position_;
+
+	const realVector&            diameters_;
+    
+	uint32Vector                  next_;
+
+	ViewType3D<uint32, HostSpace> head_;
+
+    int32x3 pointIndex(const realx3& p)const
+	{
+		return int32x3( (p - searchBox_.minPoint())/dx_ );
+	}
+
+    bool build();
+
+public:
+
+	collisionCheck(
+	  box                 sBox,
+	  real                dx,
+	  const realx3Vector& pos,
+	  const realVector&   diam
+	);
+
+    bool checkPoint(const realx3& p, const real d)const;
+
+    bool mapLastAddedParticle();
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif //__collisionCheck_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Particles/Insertion/insertion/insertion.cpp b/src/Particles/Insertion/insertion/insertion.cpp
index 18b53d2c..bb551a47 100644
--- a/src/Particles/Insertion/insertion/insertion.cpp
+++ b/src/Particles/Insertion/insertion/insertion.cpp
@@ -2,73 +2,149 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
-#include "particles.hpp"
-#include "dictionary.hpp"
 #include "insertion.hpp"
+#include "particles.hpp"
 #include "streams.hpp"
+#include "systemControl.hpp"
+#include "vocabs.hpp"
 
-bool pFlow::insertion::readInsertionDict
-(
-	const dictionary& dict
-)
+pFlow::insertion::insertion(particles& prtcl)
+  : fileDictionary(
+      objectFile(
+        insertionFile__,
+        "",
+        objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+        objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
+      ),
+      &prtcl.time()
+    ),
+    particles_(prtcl)
 {
-
-	active_ = dict.getVal<Logical>("active");
-
-	if(active_)
-		REPORT(1)<< "Particle insertion mechanism is "<<
-		yellowText("active")<<" in the simulation."<<endREPORT;
+	// this means that insertion file exist in time folder 
+	if( IOobject::implyRead() )
+	{
+		readFromFile_ = true;
+		
+	} // look inside the caseSetup folder if it exist
 	else
-		REPORT(1)<< "Particle insertion mechanism is "<<
-		yellowText("not active")<<" in the simulation."<<endREPORT;
+	{
+		// read dictionary from caseSetup folder 
+		fileDictionary caseFile(
+			objectFile(
+				insertionFile__,
+				"",
+				objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+				objectFile::WRITE_NEVER),
+			&prtcl.control().caseSetup());
+		
+		// check if read happened
+		if(caseFile.implyRead())
+		{
+			readFromFile_ = true;
+			// assign it to this dictionary 
+			fileDictionary::dictionary::operator=(caseFile);
+		}
+	}
 
-	
-	return true;
+	if( readFromFile_)
+	{
+		readInsertionDict();
+	}
 }
 
-bool pFlow::insertion::writeInsertionDict
-(
-	dictionary& dict
-)const
+const pFlow::pointStructure&
+pFlow::insertion::pStruct() const
 {
-	if(!dict.add("active", active_) )
+	return particles_.pStruct();
+}
+
+bool
+pFlow::insertion::readInsertionDict()
+{
+	active_ = getVal<Logical>("active");
+
+	if (active_)
 	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"  error in writing active to dictionary "<<dict.globalName()<<endl;
+    	checkForCollision_ = getVal<Logical>("checkForCollision");
+
+		REPORT(1) << "Particle insertion mechanism is " << Yellow_Text("active")
+		          << " in the simulation." << END_REPORT;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		REPORT(1) << "Particle insertion mechanism is "
+		          << Yellow_Text("not active") << " in the simulation."
+		          << END_REPORT;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool
+pFlow::insertion::writeInsertionDict(dictionary& dict) const
+{
+	if (!dict.add("active", active_))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction <<"Error in writing active to dictionary "
+		                        <<dict.globalName()<<endl; 
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	if(!dict.add("checkForCollision", checkForCollision_) )
+	if (!dict.add("checkForCollision", checkForCollision_))
 	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"  error in writing checkForCollision to dictionary "<<dict.globalName()<<endl;
+		fatalErrorInFunction << 
+		"Error in writing checkForCollision to dictionary "<<
+		dict.globalName()<<endl; 
 		return false;
 	}
 
 	return true;
 }
 
-pFlow::insertion::insertion
-(
-	particles& prtcl
-)
-:
-	particles_(prtcl)
-{}
+
+bool pFlow::insertion::write(iOstream & os, const IOPattern & iop) const
+{
+	dictionary newDict(fileDictionary::dictionary::name(), true);
+	if( iop.thisProcWriteData() )
+	{
+		if( !writeInsertionDict(newDict) || 
+			!newDict.write(os))
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			" error in writing to dictionary "<< newDict.globalName()<<endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+/*bool
+pFlow::insertion::read(iIstream& is, const IOPattern& iop)
+{
+	if (fileDictionary::read(is, iop))
+	{
+		readFromFile_ = true;
+		return true;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+}*/
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Particles/Insertion/insertion/insertion.hpp b/src/Particles/Insertion/insertion/insertion.hpp
index 7e93f4ba..f39f5c35 100644
--- a/src/Particles/Insertion/insertion/insertion.hpp
+++ b/src/Particles/Insertion/insertion/insertion.hpp
@@ -2,72 +2,130 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
 #ifndef __insertion_hpp__
 #define __insertion_hpp__
 
-
-#include "streams.hpp"
+#include "fileDictionary.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
+// forward
 class particles;
-class dictionary;
+class pointStructure;
 
-class insertion
+/**
+ * Base class for particle insertion
+ */
+class insertion 
+: 
+    public fileDictionary
 {
+private:
+
+	/// Is insertion active
+	Logical    active_ = "No";
+
+	/// Check for collision? It is not active now
+	Logical    checkForCollision_ = "No";
+
+	/// if increase velocity in case particles are failed
+	/// to be inserted due to collision
+	Logical    increaseVelocity_ = "No";
+
+	word 		diameterName_ = "diameter";
+
+	word 		velocityName_ = "velocity";
+
+	/// Ref to particles
+	particles& particles_;
+
+	bool       readFromFile_ = false;
+
+	/// Read from dictionary
+	bool readInsertionDict();
+
 protected:
-	// - insertion active 
-	Logical 	active_ = "No";
 
-	// - check for collision / desabled for now 
-	Logical  	checkForCollision_ = "No";
-
-	// - particles 
-	particles& 				  particles_;
-
-	
-	bool readInsertionDict(const dictionary& dict);
-
-	bool writeInsertionDict(dictionary& dict)const;
+	/// Write to dictionary
+	virtual bool writeInsertionDict(dictionary& dict)const;
 
 public:
 
-	// type info
+	/// Type info
 	TypeInfo("insertion");
 
-	insertion(particles& prtcl);
+	/// Construct from component
+	explicit insertion(particles& prtcl);
 
+	/// Destructor
+	~insertion() override = default;
 
-	virtual ~insertion() = default;
-
-	bool isActive()const {
-		return active_();
+	/// is Insertion active
+	inline bool isActive() const
+	{
+		return readFromFile_ && active_();
 	}
 
+	inline bool checkForCollision() const
+	{
+		return checkForCollision_();
+	}
 
-	virtual bool read(iIstream& is) = 0;
+	inline particles& Particles()
+	{
+		return particles_;
+	}
 
-	virtual bool write(iOstream& os)const = 0;
+	inline const particles& Particles() const
+	{
+		return particles_;
+	}
 
+	const pointStructure& pStruct()const;
 
+	inline bool readFromFile() const
+	{
+		return readFromFile_;
+	}
+
+	const word& diameterName()const
+	{
+		return diameterName_;
+	}
+
+	const word& velocityName()const
+	{
+		return velocityName_;
+	}
+
+	/// read from stream
+	//bool read(iIstream& is, const IOPattern& iop) override;
+
+	/*/// read from iIstream
+	virtual bool read(iIstream& is) = 0;*/
+
+    using fileDictionary::write;
+
+	/// write to iOstream
+	bool write(iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop)const override ;
 };
+
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/Particles/Insertion/insertionRegion/insertionRegion.cpp b/src/Particles/Insertion/insertionRegion/insertionRegion.cpp
index bce4ac48..710f28e6 100644
--- a/src/Particles/Insertion/insertionRegion/insertionRegion.cpp
+++ b/src/Particles/Insertion/insertionRegion/insertionRegion.cpp
@@ -2,138 +2,192 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
 #include "insertionRegion.hpp"
 #include "dictionary.hpp"
+#include "insertion.hpp"
+#include "particles.hpp"
+#include "twoPartEntry.hpp"
+#include "types.hpp"
 
-bool pFlow::insertionRegion::readInsertionRegion
-(
-	const dictionary& dict
-)
+namespace pFlow
 {
+template<typename T>
+bool
+setOneEntry(const twoPartEntry& tpEntry, anyList& varList)
+{
+	if (getTypeName<T>() != tpEntry.firstPart())
+		return false;
 
-	name_ = dict.name();
-	type_ = dict.getVal<word>("type");
-	
-	pRegion_  = peakableRegion::create(type_, dict.subDict(type_+"Info"));
-	
-	mixture_ = makeUnique<shapeMixture>(dict.subDict("mixture"));
+	T val = tpEntry.secondPartVal<T>();
+	varList.emplaceBack(tpEntry.keyword(), val);
 
-	addToNumInserted(mixture_().totalInserted());
+	return true;
+}
 
-	if( !dict.containsDictionay("setFields"))
+bool
+readOneEtrty(const dataEntry& entry, anyList& varList)
+{
+	twoPartEntry stField(entry);
+
+	if (!(setOneEntry<real>(stField, varList) ||
+	      setOneEntry<realx3>(stField, varList) ||
+	      setOneEntry<realx4>(stField, varList) ||
+	      setOneEntry<int8>(stField, varList) ||
+	      setOneEntry<uint8>(stField, varList) ||
+	      setOneEntry<uint32>(stField, varList) ||
+	      setOneEntry<uint64>(stField, varList) ||
+	      setOneEntry<int32>(stField, varList) ||
+	      setOneEntry<int64>(stField, varList)))
 	{
-		output<<"\n insertion region "<< name_ << " does not contain setFields dictionary."
-		" An empty dictoiinary is created for it. \n";
-		setFields_ = makeUnique<setFieldList>( dictionary("setFields") );
+		fatalErrorInFunction << "un-supported data type " << stField.firstPart()
+		                     << endl;
+		return false;
 	}
-	else
+	return true;
+}
+}
+
+bool
+pFlow::insertionRegion::readInsertionRegion(const dictionary& dict)
+{
+	type_ = dict.getVal<word>("regionType");
+
+	rate_ = dict.getVal<real>("rate");
+
+	pRegion_ = peakableRegion::create(type_, dict.subDict(type_ + "Info"));
+
+	mixture_ = makeUnique<shapeMixture>(
+	  dict.subDict("mixture"),
+	  insertion_.Particles().getShapes().shapeNameList()
+	);
+
+	numInserted_ = mixture_().totalInserted();
+
+	if (dict.containsDictionay("setFields"))
 	{
-		setFields_ = makeUnique<setFieldList>( dict.subDict("setFields") );
+		setFieldDict_ =
+		  makeUnique<dictionary>("setFields", dict, dict.subDict("setFields"));
 	}
 
-	for(auto& sfEntry:setFields_())
+	if (setFieldDict_)
 	{
-		if(!sfEntry.checkForTypeAndValueAll())
+		if (!readSetFieldDict())
 		{
-			fatalErrorInFunction<<
-			"   error in setFields dictionary "<< dict.globalName()<<endl;
+			fatalErrorInFunction << "Error in reading dictionary "
+			                     << setFieldDict_().globalName() << endl;
 			return false;
 		}
 	}
-	
+
 	return true;
 }
 
-bool pFlow::insertionRegion::writeInsertionRegion
-(
-	dictionary& dict
-) const
+bool
+pFlow::insertionRegion::writeInsertionRegion(dictionary& dict) const
 {
 	
-	if(!dict.add("type", type_)) return false;
-	
+	if(!dict.add("rate", rate_))
+		return false;
 
-	if(pRegion_)
+	if(!tControl_.write(dict))
+		return false;
+
+	if (!dict.add("regionType", type_))
+		return false;
+	if (pRegion_)
 	{
-		auto& prDict = dict.subDictOrCreate(type_+"Info");
-		if(!pRegion_().write(prDict)) return false;
+		auto& prDict = dict.subDictOrCreate(type_ + "Info");
+		if (!pRegion_().write(prDict))
+			return false;
 	}
 
-	if(mixture_)
+	if (mixture_)
 	{
 		auto& mixDict = dict.subDictOrCreate("mixture");
-		if(!mixture_().write(mixDict)) return false;
+		if (!mixture_().write(mixDict))
+			return false;
 	}
 
-	if(setFields_)
+	if(setFieldDict_)
 	{
-		auto& sfDict = dict.subDictOrCreate("setFields");
-		setFields_().write(sfDict);
+	    if(!dict.addDict("setFields", setFieldDict_()))
+			return false;	    
 	}
 
 	return true;
 }
 
-pFlow::insertionRegion::insertionRegion
-(
-	const dictionary& dict
-)
-:
-	timeFlowControl(dict)
+bool
+pFlow::insertionRegion::readSetFieldDict()
 {
+	wordList Keys = setFieldDict_().dataEntryKeywords();
 
-	if(!readInsertionRegion(dict))
+	for (const auto& key : Keys)
+	{
+		if (!readOneEtrty(setFieldDict_().dataEntryRef(key), setFieldList_))
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+pFlow::insertionRegion::insertionRegion(
+  const word&      name,
+  const insertion& instn
+)
+  : name_(name),
+    dict_(instn.subDict(name)),
+    insertion_(instn),
+    tControl_(dict_, "insertion")
+{
+	if (!readInsertionRegion(dict_))
 	{
 		fatalExit;
 	}
 }
 
-pFlow::insertionRegion::insertionRegion
-(
-	const insertionRegion& src
-)
-:
-	timeFlowControl(src),
-	name_(src.name_),
-	type_(src.type_),
-	pRegion_( src.pRegion_? src.pRegion_->clone(): nullptr),
-	mixture_( src.mixture_? src.mixture_->clone(): nullptr),
-	setFields_( src.setFields_? src.setFields_->clone(): nullptr)
-{}
-
-pFlow::insertionRegion& pFlow::insertionRegion::operator=
-(
-	const insertionRegion& src
-)
+const pFlow::pointStructure&
+pFlow::insertionRegion::pStruct() const
 {
-
-	if(&src == this)return *this;
-	timeFlowControl::operator=(src);
-
-	name_ = src.name_;
-	type_ = src.type_;
-	pRegion_ = (src.pRegion_? src.pRegion_->clone(): nullptr);
-	mixture_ = (src.mixture_? src.mixture_->clone(): nullptr);
-	setFields_ = (src.setFields_? src.setFields_->clone(): nullptr);
-
-	return *this;
+	return Insertion().pStruct();
 }
 
+pFlow::uint32
+pFlow::insertionRegion::numberToBeInserted(uint32 iter, real t, real dt)
+{
+	if (!tControl_.isInRange(iter, t, dt))
+		return 0u;
 
+	if (tControl_.isTimeStep())
+	{
+		return static_cast<uint32>(
+		  (iter - tControl_.startIter() + tControl_.iInterval()) * dt * rate_ -
+		  numInserted_
+		);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		return static_cast<uint32>(
+		  (t - tControl_.startTime() + tControl_.rInterval()) * rate_ -
+		  numInserted_
+		);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/Particles/Insertion/insertionRegion/insertionRegion.hpp b/src/Particles/Insertion/insertionRegion/insertionRegion.hpp
index 04a1bf7e..9b4a73db 100644
--- a/src/Particles/Insertion/insertionRegion/insertionRegion.hpp
+++ b/src/Particles/Insertion/insertionRegion/insertionRegion.hpp
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
@@ -21,94 +21,205 @@ Licence:
 #ifndef __insertionRegion_hpp__
 #define __insertionRegion_hpp__
 
-#include "timeFlowControl.hpp"
+#include "anyList.hpp"
+#include "baseTimeControl.hpp"
+#include "peakableRegion.hpp"
 #include "shapeMixture.hpp"
-#include "peakableRegions.hpp"
-#include "setFieldList.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
 class dictionary;
+class insertion;
+class pointStructure;
 
-class insertionRegion
-:
-	public timeFlowControl
+/**
+ * This class defines all the necessary enteties for defining an insertion
+ * region.
+ *
+ * Insertion region information are supplied through a dictionary in a file.
+ * For example:
+\verbatim
 {
-protected:
+    type 		cylinderRegion; // type of insertion region
+    rate 		15000;  // insertion rate (particles/s)
+    startTime	0;      // (s)
+    endTime		0.5;    // (s)
+    interval	0.025;  // (s)
 
-	// - name of the region 
-	word  		name_;
+    cylinderRegionInfo
+    {
+        radius 	0.09;       	// radius of cylinder (m)
+        p1 		(0.0 0.0 0.10); // (m,m,m)
+        p2 		(0.0 0.0 0.11); // (m,m,m)
+    }
 
-	// - type of insertion region
-	word		type_;
+    setFields
+    {
+        velocity    realx3 (0.0 0.0 -0.6); // initial velocity of inserted
+particles
+    }
 
-	// peakable region of points
-	uniquePtr<peakableRegion>  	pRegion_ = nullptr;
+    mixture
+    {
+        lightSphere 1; // mixture composition of inserted particles
+    }
+} \endverbatim
+ *
+ * More information on the above dictionary entries can be found in
+ * the table below.
+ *
+ *
+ * | Parameter | Type | Description | Optional [default value] |
+ * |----| :---: | ---- | ---- |
+ * | type | word | type of the insertion region with name ### | No |
+ * | rate | real | rate of insertion (particle/s) | No |
+ * | startTime | real | start of insertion (s) | No |
+ * | endTime | real | end of insertion (s) | No  |
+ * | interval | real | time interval between successive insertions (s) | No |
+ * | ###Info | dictionary | data for insertion region | No |
+ * | setFields | dictionary | set field for inserted particles (s) | Yes [empty
+dictionray] |
+ * | mixture | dictionary | mixture of particles to be inserted (s) | No |
+ *
+ */
+class insertionRegion
+{
+private:
 
-	// mixture of shapes 
-	uniquePtr<shapeMixture>  	mixture_ = nullptr;
+	/// name of this region
+	const word                name_;
 
-	// setFields for insertion region 
-	uniquePtr<setFieldList>     setFields_ = nullptr;
+	/// insertion region dictionary
+	const dictionary&         dict_;
 
+	/// ref to insertion
+	const insertion&          insertion_;
 
+	/// @brief time control for insertion events
+	baseTimeControl           tControl_;
+
+	/// rate of insertion
+	real                      rate_;
+
+	/// number of inserted particles
+	uint32                    numInserted_ = 0;
+
+	/// type of insertion region
+	word                      type_;
+
+	/// peakable region of points
+	uniquePtr<peakableRegion> pRegion_ = nullptr;
+
+	/// mixture of shapes
+	uniquePtr<shapeMixture>   mixture_ = nullptr;
+
+	/// @brief  dictionary for set field
+	uniquePtr<dictionary>     setFieldDict_ = nullptr;
+
+	/// list of (filedName type value) for the fields
+	anyList                   setFieldList_;
+
+private:
+
+	// - private methods
+
+	/// read from dictionary
 	bool readInsertionRegion(const dictionary& dict);
 
+	/// write to dictionary
 	bool writeInsertionRegion(dictionary& dict) const;
 
+	bool readSetFieldDict();
 
 public:
 
+	/// Type info
 	TypeInfoNV("insertionRegion");
 
-	//// - Constructors
+	// - Constructors
 
-		insertionRegion(const dictionary& dict);
+	/// Construct from a dictionary
+	insertionRegion(const word& name, const insertion& instn);
 
-		insertionRegion(const insertionRegion& src);
+	/// Destructor
+	~insertionRegion() = default;
 
-		insertionRegion(insertionRegion&&) = default;
+	// - Methods
 
-		insertionRegion& operator=(const insertionRegion&);
+	/// Const ref to name of the region
+	const auto& name() const
+	{
+		return name_;
+	}
 
-		insertionRegion& operator=(insertionRegion&&) = default;
+	/// return type of insertion region
+	const auto& type() const
+	{
+		return type_;
+	}
 
+	const auto& dict()const
+	{
+		return dict_;
+	}
 
-		~insertionRegion() = default;
+	const auto& Insertion() const
+	{
+		return insertion_;
+	}
 
+	const pointStructure& pStruct()const;
 
-	//// - Methods 
-		const auto& setFields()const
-		{
-			return setFields_();
-		}
+	inline bool insertionTime(uint32 iter, real t, real dt) const
+	{
+		return tControl_.timeEvent(iter, t, dt);
+	}
 
-		const auto& name()const
-		{
-			return name_;
-		}
+	uint32        numberToBeInserted(uint32 iter, real t, real dt);
 
+	inline uint32 addToNumInserted(uint32 newInserted)
+	{
+		return numInserted_ += newInserted;
+	}
 
-	//// - IO operation
+	inline uint32 totalInserted() const
+	{
+		return numInserted_;
+	}
 
-		bool read(const dictionary& dict)
-		{
-			if(!timeFlowControl::read(dict))return false;
+	auto& mixture()
+	{
+		return mixture_();
+	}
 
-			return readInsertionRegion(dict);
-		}
+	auto& pRegion()
+	{
+		return pRegion_();
+	}
 
-		bool write(dictionary& dict)const
-		{
-			if(!timeFlowControl::write(dict)) return false;
+	const auto& setFieldList() const
+	{
+		return setFieldList_;
+	}
+	// - IO operation
 
-			return writeInsertionRegion(dict);
-		}
+	/// read from dictionary
+	/*bool read(const dictionary& dict)
+	{
+	    if (!timeFlowControl::read(dict))
+	        return false;
 
+	    return readInsertionRegion(dict);
+	}*/
 
+	/// write to dictionary
+	bool write(dictionary& dict) const
+	{
+	    return writeInsertionRegion(dict);
+	}
 };
 
-} //pFlow
+} // pFlow
 
 #endif //__insertionRegion_hpp__
diff --git a/src/Particles/Insertion/shapeMixture/shapeMixture.cpp b/src/Particles/Insertion/shapeMixture/shapeMixture.cpp
index 041f71dc..1038af15 100755
--- a/src/Particles/Insertion/shapeMixture/shapeMixture.cpp
+++ b/src/Particles/Insertion/shapeMixture/shapeMixture.cpp
@@ -2,150 +2,167 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
 #include "shapeMixture.hpp"
 #include "dictionary.hpp"
 
-
-pFlow::shapeMixture::shapeMixture
-(
-	const dictionary & dict
+pFlow::shapeMixture::shapeMixture(
+  const dictionary& dict,
+  const wordList&   validNames
 )
 {
-	if( !read(dict))
+	if (!read(dict))
 	{
 		fatalExit;
 	}
+
+	for (const auto& rN : names_)
+	{
+		bool found = false;
+		for (const auto& vN : validNames)
+		{
+			if (rN == vN)
+			{
+				found = true;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!found)
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction
+			  << "Shape name " << rN << " provided in mixture dictionary "
+			  << dict.globalName() << " is invalid. \n Valid names are "
+			  << validNames << endl;
+		}
+	}
 }
 
-pFlow::word pFlow::shapeMixture::getNextShapeName()
+pFlow::word
+pFlow::shapeMixture::getNextShapeName()
 {
-	
 	ForAll(i, names_)
 	{
-		if(current_[i]< number_[i])
+		if (current_[i] < number_[i])
 		{
 			current_[i]++;
 			numberInserted_[i]++;
 			return names_[i];
 		}
 	}
-	
+
 	fill(current_, static_cast<uint32>(0));
 	return getNextShapeName();
 }
 
-void pFlow::shapeMixture::getNextShapeNameN
-(
-	size_t n,
-	wordVector& names
-)
+void
+pFlow::shapeMixture::getNextShapeNameN(size_t n, wordVector& names)
 {
 	names.clear();
-	
 
-	for(label i=0; i<n; ++i)
+	for (size_t i = 0u; i < n; ++i)
 	{
-		names.push_back( getNextShapeName() );
+		names.push_back(getNextShapeName());
 	}
 }
 
-bool pFlow::shapeMixture::read(const dictionary& dict)
+bool
+pFlow::shapeMixture::read(const dictionary& dict)
 {
-
 	bool containNumberIneserted = false;
-	
+
 	auto shNames = dict.dataEntryKeywords();
 
-	for (auto nm = shNames.begin(); nm != shNames.end(); )
+	for (auto nm = shNames.begin(); nm != shNames.end();)
 	{
-        if ( *nm  == "numberInserted")
-        {
-        	nm = shNames.erase(nm);
-        	containNumberIneserted = true;
-        }
-        else
-            ++nm;
-    }
+		if (*nm == "numberInserted")
+		{
+			nm                     = shNames.erase(nm);
+			containNumberIneserted = true;
+		}
+		else
+			++nm;
+	}
 
-    for(const auto& nm:shNames)
-    {
-    	names_.push_back(nm);
-    	uint32 num = dict.getVal<uint32>(nm);
-    	if( num <= 0  )
-    	{
-    		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-    		"  number inserte in front of "<< nm << " is invalid: "<< num<<endl<<
-    		"  in dictionary "<<dict.globalName()<<endl;
-    		return false;
-    	}
-    	number_.push_back( num );
-    }
+	for (const auto& nm : shNames)
+	{
+		names_.push_back(nm);
+		uint32 num = dict.getVal<uint32>(nm);
+		if (num <= 0)
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction << "  number inserte in front of " << nm
+			                     << " is invalid: " << num << endl
+			                     << "  in dictionary " << dict.globalName()
+			                     << endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+		number_.push_back(num);
+	}
 
-    if(containNumberIneserted)
-    {
-    	numberInserted_ = dict.getVal<uint32Vector>("numberInserted");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-    	numberInserted_ = uint32Vector(size(), static_cast<uint32>(0));
-    }
+	if (containNumberIneserted)
+	{
+		numberInserted_ = dict.getVal<uint32Vector>("numberInserted");
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		numberInserted_ =
+		  uint32Vector(numberInserted_.name(), size(), static_cast<uint32>(0));
+	}
 
-    if(numberInserted_.size() != names_.size() )
-    {
-    	fatalErrorInFunction<<
-    	"  number of elements in numberInserted ("<<numberInserted_.size()<<
-    	") is not equal to the number of shape names: "<< names_<<endl;
-    	return false;
-    }
+	if (numberInserted_.size() != names_.size())
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction
+		  << "  number of elements in numberInserted ("
+		  << numberInserted_.size()
+		  << ") is not equal to the number of shape names: " << names_ << endl;
+		return false;
+	}
 
-    current_.clear();
-    ForAll(i, numberInserted_)
-    {
-    	current_.push_back(numberInserted_[i]%number_[i]);
-    }
+	current_.clear();
+	ForAll(i, numberInserted_)
+	{
+		current_.push_back(numberInserted_[i] % number_[i]);
+	}
 
-    return true;
+	return true;
 }
 
-bool pFlow::shapeMixture::write
-(
-	dictionary& dict
-) const
+bool
+pFlow::shapeMixture::write(dictionary& dict) const
 {
-
 	ForAll(i, names_)
 	{
-		if(!dict.add(names_[i],number_[i]))
+		if (!dict.add(names_[i], number_[i]))
 		{
-			fatalErrorInFunction<<
-			"  error in writing "<< names_[i] << " to dictionary "<<dict.globalName()<<endl;
+			fatalErrorInFunction << "  error in writing " << names_[i]
+			                     << " to dictionary " << dict.globalName()
+			                     << endl;
 			return false;
 		}
 	}
 
-	if(!dict.add("numberInserted", numberInserted_))
+	if (!dict.add("numberInserted", numberInserted_))
 	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"  error in writing numberInserted to dictionary "<< dict.globalName()<<endl;
+		fatalErrorInFunction
+		  << "  error in writing numberInserted to dictionary "
+		  << dict.globalName() << endl;
 		return false;
-	}	
+	}
 
 	return true;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Particles/Insertion/shapeMixture/shapeMixture.hpp b/src/Particles/Insertion/shapeMixture/shapeMixture.hpp
index 83d5d1c5..199b1873 100755
--- a/src/Particles/Insertion/shapeMixture/shapeMixture.hpp
+++ b/src/Particles/Insertion/shapeMixture/shapeMixture.hpp
@@ -21,78 +21,98 @@ Licence:
 #ifndef __shapeMixture_hpp__
 #define __shapeMixture_hpp__
 
-
 #include "Vectors.hpp"
+#include "Lists.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
 class dictionary;
 
+/**
+ * Defines a mixture of particles for particle insertion.
+ *
+ * The mixture composition is defined based on the integer numbers.
+ * For example, if there are 3 shape names in the simulaiotn
+ * (shape1, shape2, and shape3), the mixture composition can be defined as:
+ * \verbatim
+ {
+	shape1 4;
+	shape2 2;
+	shape3 6;
+ }
+ \endverbatim
+ * 
+ */
 class shapeMixture
 {
+private:
 
-protected:
-	// - list of shape names 
-	wordVector 		names_;
+	/// List of shape names 
+	wordVector 		names_{"shapeNames"};
 
-	// - number composition 
-	uint32Vector   	number_;
+	/// Number composition 
+	uint32Vector   	number_{"number"};
 
-	// - number inserted of each shape 
-	uint32Vector   	numberInserted_;
+	/// Number of inserted particles of each shape 
+	uint32Vector   	numberInserted_{"numberInserted"};
 
-	uint32Vector      current_;
+	/// Current number of inserted
+	uint32Vector    current_{"currentInserted"};
+
+	uint32 			lastPeaked_ = 0;
 
 public:
 
-	//- type Info
+	/// Type info
 	TypeInfoNV("shapeMixture");
 
-	//// - constrcutores 
+	// - Constrcutors 
 		
-		//
-		shapeMixture(const dictionary & dict);
+		/// Construct from dictionary
+		shapeMixture(const dictionary & dict, const wordList& validNames);
 
+		/// Copy
 		shapeMixture(const shapeMixture&) = default;
 
+		/// Move
 		shapeMixture(shapeMixture&&) = default;
 
+		/// Copy assignment 
 		shapeMixture& operator=(const shapeMixture&) = default;
 
+		/// Move assignment
 		shapeMixture& operator=(shapeMixture&&) = default;
 
-
+		/// Polymorphic copy
 		uniquePtr<shapeMixture> clone()const
 		{
 			return makeUnique<shapeMixture>(*this);
 		}
 
-		shapeMixture* clonePtr()const
-		{
-			return new shapeMixture(*this);
-		}
-
-
-		//
+		/// Destructor 
 		~shapeMixture() = default;
 
-	//// - Methods 
+	// - Methods 
+
+		/// The name of the next shape that should be inserted
 		word getNextShapeName();
 
-
+		/// The name of the n next shapes that should be inserted
 		void getNextShapeNameN(size_t n, wordVector& names);
 
-
+		/// Size of mixture (names)
 		auto size()const {
 			return names_.size();
 		}
 
+		/// Total number inserted particles
 		auto totalInserted()const {
 			return sum(numberInserted_);
 		}
 
-	//// - IO operatoins 
+	// - IO operatoins 
+	
 		bool read(const dictionary& dict);
 
 		bool write(dictionary& dict) const;
diff --git a/src/Particles/SphereParticles/boundarySphereParticles.cpp b/src/Particles/SphereParticles/boundarySphereParticles.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8eb5eaa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Particles/SphereParticles/boundarySphereParticles.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#include "boundarySphereParticles.hpp"
+#include "boundaryBase.hpp"
+#include "sphereParticles.hpp"
+
+
+pFlow::boundarySphereParticles::boundarySphereParticles(
+    const boundaryBase &boundary, 
+    sphereParticles &prtcls
+)
+:
+    generalBoundary(boundary, prtcls.pStruct(), "", ""),
+    particles_(prtcls)
+{
+
+}
+
+pFlow::sphereParticles &pFlow::boundarySphereParticles::Particles()
+{
+    return particles_;
+}
+
+const pFlow::sphereParticles &pFlow::boundarySphereParticles::Particles() const
+{
+    return particles_;
+}
+
+pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::boundarySphereParticles> pFlow::boundarySphereParticles::create(
+    const boundaryBase &boundary, 
+    sphereParticles &prtcls
+)
+{
+	
+	word bType = angleBracketsNames2( 
+		"boundarySphereParticles",
+		pFlowProcessors().localRunTypeName(), 
+		boundary.type());
+
+	word altBType{"boundarySphereParticles<none>"};
+
+	if( boundaryBasevCtorSelector_.search(bType) )
+	{
+		pOutput.space(4)<<"Creating boundary "<< Green_Text(bType)<<
+		" for "<<boundary.name()<<endl;
+		return boundaryBasevCtorSelector_[bType](boundary, prtcls);
+	}
+	else if(boundaryBasevCtorSelector_.search(altBType))
+	{
+		pOutput.space(4)<<"Creating boundary "<< Green_Text(altBType)<<
+		" for "<<boundary.name()<<endl;
+		return boundaryBasevCtorSelector_[altBType](boundary, prtcls);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		printKeys( 
+			fatalError << "Ctor Selector "<< bType<<
+			" and "<< altBType << " do not exist. \n"
+			<<"Avaiable ones are: \n",
+			boundaryBasevCtorSelector_
+		);
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+	
+	return nullptr;
+}
diff --git a/src/Particles/SphereParticles/boundarySphereParticles.hpp b/src/Particles/SphereParticles/boundarySphereParticles.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f4662307
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Particles/SphereParticles/boundarySphereParticles.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+
+
+#ifndef __boundarySphereParticles_hpp__
+#define __boundarySphereParticles_hpp__
+
+#include "generalBoundary.hpp"
+#include "virtualConstructor.hpp"
+#include "timeInfo.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class sphereParticles;
+
+class boundarySphereParticles
+    : public generalBoundary
+{
+private:
+
+    sphereParticles&        particles_;
+
+public:
+
+    /// type info
+    TypeInfo("boundarySphereParticles<none>");
+
+    boundarySphereParticles(
+        const boundaryBase &boundary,
+        sphereParticles&  prtcls
+    );
+
+    create_vCtor(
+        boundarySphereParticles,
+        boundaryBase,
+        (
+            const boundaryBase &boundary,
+            sphereParticles&  prtcls
+        ),
+        (boundary, prtcls)
+    );
+
+    add_vCtor(
+        boundarySphereParticles,
+        boundarySphereParticles,
+        boundaryBase
+    );
+
+    sphereParticles& Particles();
+
+    const sphereParticles& Particles()const;
+
+    bool hearChanges(
+        real t,
+        real dt,
+        uint32 iter,
+        const message &msg,
+        const anyList &varList) override
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    virtual
+    bool acceleration(const timeInfo& ti, const realx3& g)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static
+    uniquePtr<boundarySphereParticles> create(
+        const boundaryBase &boundary,
+        sphereParticles&  prtcls);
+    
+};
+
+
+}
+
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/Particles/SphereParticles/boundarySphereParticlesList.cpp b/src/Particles/SphereParticles/boundarySphereParticlesList.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5cbebc32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Particles/SphereParticles/boundarySphereParticlesList.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include "boundarySphereParticlesList.hpp"
+
+pFlow::boundarySphereParticlesList::boundarySphereParticlesList(
+    const boundaryList &bndrs, 
+    sphereParticles &prtcls
+)
+:
+    ListPtr(bndrs.size()), 
+    boundaries_(bndrs)
+{
+    for(auto i=0; i<boundaries_.size(); i++)
+    {
+        this->set
+        (
+            i, 
+            boundarySphereParticles::create(boundaries_[i], prtcls)
+        );
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Particles/SphereParticles/boundarySphereParticlesList.hpp b/src/Particles/SphereParticles/boundarySphereParticlesList.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cd6770df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Particles/SphereParticles/boundarySphereParticlesList.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+
+
+#ifndef __boundarySphereParticlesList_hpp__
+#define __boundarySphereParticlesList_hpp__
+
+#include "ListPtr.hpp"
+#include "boundaryList.hpp"
+#include "boundarySphereParticles.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class boundarySphereParticlesList
+:
+    public ListPtr<boundarySphereParticles>
+{
+private:
+
+    const boundaryList&         boundaries_;
+
+public:
+
+    boundarySphereParticlesList(
+        const boundaryList& bndrs,
+        sphereParticles& prtcls
+    );
+
+    ~boundarySphereParticlesList()=default;
+
+};
+
+}
+
+
+
+#endif 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereParticles/sphereParticles.cpp b/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereParticles/sphereParticles.cpp
index cfa0ea80..9274f48c 100644
--- a/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereParticles/sphereParticles.cpp
+++ b/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereParticles/sphereParticles.cpp
@@ -19,10 +19,13 @@ Licence:
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #include "sphereParticles.hpp"
-#include "setFieldList.hpp"
+#include "systemControl.hpp"
+#include "vocabs.hpp"
 #include "sphereParticlesKernels.hpp"
 
-pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::List<pFlow::eventObserver*>> 
+
+//#include "setFieldList.hpp"
+/*pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::List<pFlow::eventObserver*>> 
 pFlow::sphereParticles::getFieldObjectList()const
 {
 	auto objListPtr = particles::getFieldObjectList();
@@ -78,10 +81,10 @@ bool pFlow::sphereParticles::initializeParticles()
 		static_cast<int32>(shapeName_.size()));
 	
 	return insertSphereParticles(shapeName_, indices, false);
-}
+}*/
 
 
-bool pFlow::sphereParticles::beforeIteration() 
+/*bool pFlow::sphereParticles::beforeIteration() 
 {
 	particles::beforeIteration();
 	
@@ -98,45 +101,19 @@ bool pFlow::sphereParticles::beforeIteration()
 	intPredictTimer_.end();
 
 	return true;
-}
+}*/
 
 
-bool pFlow::sphereParticles::iterate() 
-{
-
-	accelerationTimer_.start();
-	//INFO<<"before accelerationTimer_ "<<endINFO;
-		pFlow::sphereParticlesKernels::acceleration(
-			control().g(),
-			mass().deviceVectorAll(),
-			contactForce().deviceVectorAll(),
-			I().deviceVectorAll(),
-			contactTorque().deviceVectorAll(),
-			pStruct().activePointsMaskD(),
-			accelertion().deviceVectorAll(),
-			rAcceleration().deviceVectorAll()
-			);
-	accelerationTimer_.end();
-	
-	intCorrectTimer_.start();
-	
-		dynPointStruct_.correct(this->dt(), accelertion_);
-	
-		rVelIntegration_().correct(this->dt(), rVelocity_, rAcceleration_);
-	
-	intCorrectTimer_.end();
-	
-	return true;
-}
 
 
-bool pFlow::sphereParticles::afterIteration() 
+
+/*bool pFlow::sphereParticles::afterIteration() 
 {
 	return true;
-}
+}*/
 
 
-bool pFlow::sphereParticles::insertSphereParticles(
+/*bool pFlow::sphereParticles::insertSphereParticles(
 	const wordVector& names,
 	const int32IndexContainer& indices,
 	bool setId
@@ -219,86 +196,220 @@ bool pFlow::sphereParticles::insertSphereParticles(
 
 	return true;
 
+}*/
+
+bool pFlow::sphereParticles::initializeParticles()
+{
+	
+	using exeSpace = typename realPointField_D::execution_space;
+	using policy = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
+			exeSpace,
+			Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>>;
+	
+	auto [minIndex, maxIndex] = minMax(shapeIndex().internal());		
+
+	if( !spheres_.indexValid(maxIndex) )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<< 
+		"the maximum value of shapeIndex is "<< maxIndex << 
+		" which is not valid."<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	auto aPointsMask 	= dynPointStruct().activePointsMaskDevice();
+	auto aRange 		= aPointsMask.activeRange();
+	
+	auto field_shapeIndex 	= shapeIndex().deviceView();
+	auto field_diameter 	= diameter_.deviceView();
+	auto field_mass 		= mass_.deviceView();
+	auto field_propId 		= propertyId_.deviceView();
+	auto field_I 			= I_.deviceView();
+
+	// get info from spheres shape 
+	realVector_D d("diameter", spheres_.boundingDiameter());
+	realVector_D mass("mass",spheres_.mass());
+	uint32Vector_D propId("propId", spheres_.shapePropertyIds());
+	realVector_D  I("I", spheres_.Inertia());
+
+	auto d_d 		= d.deviceView();
+	auto d_mass 	= mass.deviceView();
+	auto d_propId 	= propId.deviceView();
+	auto d_I 		= I.deviceView();
+		
+	Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		"particles::initInertia",
+		policy(aRange.start(), aRange.end()),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i)
+		{
+			if(aPointsMask(i))
+			{
+				uint32 index = field_shapeIndex[i];
+				field_I[i] = d_I[index];
+				field_diameter[i] = d_d[index];
+				field_mass[i] = d_mass[index];
+				field_propId[i] = d_propId[index];
+			}
+		});
+	Kokkos::fence();
+	
+	return true;
 }
 
+bool
+pFlow::sphereParticles::getParticlesInfoFromShape(
+  const wordVector& shapeNames,
+  uint32Vector&     propIds,
+  realVector&       diams,
+  realVector&       m,
+  realVector&       Is,
+  uint32Vector&     shIndex
+)
+{
+	auto numNew = static_cast<uint32>(shapeNames.size());
+
+	propIds.clear();
+	propIds.reserve(numNew);
+
+	diams.clear();
+	diams.reserve(numNew);
+
+	m.clear();
+	m.reserve(numNew);
+
+	Is.clear();
+	Is.reserve(numNew);
+
+	shIndex.clear();
+	shIndex.reserve(numNew);
+	
+
+	for(const auto& name:shapeNames)
+	{
+		uint32 indx;
+		if(spheres_.shapeNameToIndex(name,indx))
+		{
+			shIndex.push_back(indx);
+			Is.push_back( spheres_.Inertia(indx));
+			m.push_back(spheres_.mass(indx));
+			diams.push_back(spheres_.boundingDiameter(indx));
+			propIds.push_back( spheres_.propertyId(indx));
+		}
+		else
+		{	
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<"Shape name "<< name << 
+			"does not exist. The list is "<<spheres_.shapeNameList()<<endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	return true;
+}
 
 pFlow::sphereParticles::sphereParticles(
 	systemControl &control,
 	const property& prop
 )
 :
-	particles(
-		control,
-		control.settingsDict().getValOrSet(
-			"integrationMethod",
-			word("AdamsBashforth3")
-			)
+	particles(control),
+	spheres_
+	(
+		shapeFile__,
+		&control.caseSetup(),
+		prop
+	),
+	propertyId_
+	(
+		objectFile
+		(
+			"propertyId",
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+			objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
 		),
-	property_(prop),
-	shapes_(
-		control.caseSetup().emplaceObjectOrGet<sphereShape>(
-			objectFile(
-				sphereShapeFile__,
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
-				objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
-				)
-			)
+		dynPointStruct(),
+		0u
+	),
+	diameter_
+	(
+		objectFile(
+			"diameter",
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+			objectFile::WRITE_NEVER),
+		dynPointStruct(),
+		0.00000000001
+	),
+	mass_
+	(
+		objectFile(
+			"mass",
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+			objectFile::WRITE_NEVER),
+		dynPointStruct(),
+		0.0000000001
+	),
+	I_
+	(
+		objectFile
+		(
+			"I",
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+			objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
 		),
-	I_(
-		this->time().emplaceObject<realPointField_D>(
-			objectFile(
-				"I",
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_NEVER,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
-				),
-			pStruct(),
-			static_cast<real>(0.0000000001)
-			)
-		),
-	rVelocity_(
-		this->time().emplaceObject<realx3PointField_D>(
-			objectFile(
-				"rVelocity",
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
-				),
-			pStruct(),
-			zero3
-			)
-		),
-	rAcceleration_(
-		this->time().emplaceObject<realx3PointField_D>(
-			objectFile(
-				"rAcceleration",
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
-				),
-			pStruct(),
-			zero3
-			)
+		dynPointStruct(),
+		static_cast<real>(0.0000000001)
+	),
+	rVelocity_
+	(
+		objectFile
+		(
+			"rVelocity",
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+			objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
 		),
+		dynPointStruct(),
+		zero3
+	),
+	rAcceleration_
+	(
+		objectFile(
+			"rAcceleration",
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+			objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
+			),
+		dynPointStruct(),
+		zero3
+	),
+	boundarySphereParticles_
+	(
+		dynPointStruct().boundaries(),
+		*this
+	),
 	accelerationTimer_(
 		"Acceleration", &this->timers() ),
 	intPredictTimer_(
 		"Integration-predict", &this->timers() ),
 	intCorrectTimer_(
-		"Integration-correct", &this->timers() )
-
+		"Integration-correct", &this->timers() ),
+	fieldUpdateTimer_(
+		"fieldUpdate", &this->timers() )
 {
-
-	REPORT(1)<<"Creating integration method "<<greenText(this->integrationMethod())
-		  << " for rotational velocity."<<endREPORT;
+	
+	auto intMethod = control.settingsDict().getVal<word>("integrationMethod");
+	REPORT(1)<<"Creating integration method "<<Green_Text(intMethod)
+		  << " for rotational velocity."<<END_REPORT;
 		  
-	rVelIntegration_ = 
-		integration::create(
+	rVelIntegration_ = integration::create
+		(
 			"rVelocity",
-			this->time().integration(),
-			this->pStruct(),
-			this->integrationMethod());
+			dynPointStruct(),
+			intMethod,
+			rVelocity_.field()
+		);
 
 	if( !rVelIntegration_ )
 	{
@@ -307,37 +418,17 @@ pFlow::sphereParticles::sphereParticles(
 		fatalExit;
 	}
 
-	if(rVelIntegration_->needSetInitialVals())
-	{
-		
-		auto [minInd, maxInd] = pStruct().activeRange();
-		int32IndexContainer indexHD(minInd, maxInd);
-	
-		auto n = indexHD.size();
-		auto index = indexHD.indicesHost();
-
-		realx3Vector rvel(n,RESERVE());
-		const auto hrVel = rVelocity_.hostVector();
-
-		for(auto i=0; i<n; i++)
-		{
-			rvel.push_back( hrVel[index(i)]);
-		}
-		
-		REPORT(2)<< "Initializing the required vectors for rotational velocity integratoin\n "<<endREPORT;
-		rVelIntegration_->setInitialVals(indexHD, rvel);
-
-	}
-
+	WARNING<<"setFields for rVelIntegration_"<<END_WARNING;
 	
 	if(!initializeParticles())
 	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
 		fatalExit;
 	}
 	
 } 
 
-bool pFlow::sphereParticles::update(const eventMessage& msg) 
+/*bool pFlow::sphereParticles::update(const eventMessage& msg) 
 {
 	
 	if(rVelIntegration_->needSetInitialVals())
@@ -350,7 +441,7 @@ bool pFlow::sphereParticles::update(const eventMessage& msg)
 		auto index = indexHD.indicesHost();
 
 		realx3Vector rvel(n,RESERVE());
-		const auto hrVel = rVelocity_.hostVector();
+		const auto hrVel = rVelocity_.hostView();
 
 		for(auto i=0; i<n; i++)
 		{
@@ -362,9 +453,9 @@ bool pFlow::sphereParticles::update(const eventMessage& msg)
 	}	
 
 	return true;
-}
+}*/
 
-bool pFlow::sphereParticles::insertParticles
+/*bool pFlow::sphereParticles::insertParticles
 (
 	const realx3Vector& position,
  	const wordVector&  shapes,
@@ -380,10 +471,13 @@ bool pFlow::sphereParticles::insertParticles
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	auto exclusionListAllPtr = getFieldObjectList(); 
 
+
+	auto exclusionListAllPtr = getFieldObjectList(); 
+	
 	auto newInsertedPtr = pStruct().insertPoints( position, setField, time(), exclusionListAllPtr());
 	
+
 	if(!newInsertedPtr)
 	{
 		fatalErrorInFunction<<
@@ -416,4 +510,143 @@ bool pFlow::sphereParticles::insertParticles
 
 	return true;
 		
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}*/
+
+bool pFlow::sphereParticles::beforeIteration()
+{
+	particles::beforeIteration();
+	intPredictTimer_.start();
+		auto dt = this->dt();
+		dynPointStruct().predict(dt, accelertion());
+		rVelIntegration_().predict(dt,rVelocity_, rAcceleration_);
+	intPredictTimer_.end();
+
+	fieldUpdateTimer_.start();
+	propertyId_.updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested();
+	diameter_.updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested();
+	mass_.updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested();
+	I_.updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested();
+	rVelocity_.updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested();
+	rAcceleration_.updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested();
+	rVelIntegration_().updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested();
+	fieldUpdateTimer_.end();
+	
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::sphereParticles::iterate() 
+{
+
+	timeInfo ti = TimeInfo();
+	realx3 g = control().g();
+
+	particles::iterate();
+	accelerationTimer_.start();
+		pFlow::sphereParticlesKernels::acceleration(
+			g,
+			mass().deviceViewAll(),
+			contactForce().deviceViewAll(),
+			I().deviceViewAll(),
+			contactTorque().deviceViewAll(),
+			dynPointStruct().activePointsMaskDevice(),
+			accelertion().deviceViewAll(),
+			rAcceleration().deviceViewAll()
+			);
+		for(auto& bndry:boundarySphereParticles_)
+		{
+			bndry->acceleration(ti, g);
+		}
+	accelerationTimer_.end();
+	
+	intCorrectTimer_.start();
+	
+		if(!dynPointStruct().correct(dt(), accelertion()))
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+		if(!rVelIntegration_().correct(
+			dt(), 
+			rVelocity_, 
+			rAcceleration_))
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+	
+	intCorrectTimer_.end();
+	
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::sphereParticles::insertParticles
+(
+	const realx3Vector &position, 
+	const wordVector &shapesNames, 
+	const anyList &setVarList
+)
+{
+	anyList newVarList(setVarList);
+
+	realVector mass("mass");
+	realVector I("I");
+	realVector diameter("diameter");
+	uint32Vector propId("propId");
+	uint32Vector shapeIdx("shapeIdx");
+
+	if(!getParticlesInfoFromShape(
+		shapesNames,
+		propId,
+		diameter,
+		mass,
+		I,
+		shapeIdx))
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	newVarList.emplaceBack(
+		mass_.name()+"Vector",
+		std::move(mass));
+
+	newVarList.emplaceBack(
+		I_.name()+"Vector",
+		std::move(I));
+	
+	newVarList.emplaceBack(
+		diameter_.name()+"Vector",
+		std::move(diameter));
+
+	newVarList.emplaceBack(
+		propertyId_.name()+"Vector",
+		std::move(propId));
+
+	newVarList.emplaceBack(
+		shapeIndex().name()+"Vector",
+		std::move(shapeIdx));
+	
+	if(!dynPointStruct().insertPoints(position, newVarList))
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+pFlow::word pFlow::sphereParticles::shapeTypeName()const
+{
+	return "sphere";
+}
+
+const pFlow::shape &pFlow::sphereParticles::getShapes() const
+{
+    return spheres_;
+}
+
+void pFlow::sphereParticles::boundingSphereMinMax
+(
+	real & minDiam, 
+	real& maxDiam
+)const
+{
+	minDiam = spheres_.minBoundingSphere();
+	maxDiam = spheres_.maxBoundingSphere();
+}
diff --git a/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereParticles/sphereParticles.hpp b/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereParticles/sphereParticles.hpp
index 38d57e0c..7033d800 100644
--- a/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereParticles/sphereParticles.hpp
+++ b/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereParticles/sphereParticles.hpp
@@ -2,189 +2,239 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-/*! 
-   @class pFlow::sphereParticles
-    
-   @brief Class for managing spherical particles 
-   
-   This is a top-level class that contains the essential components for
-   defining spherical prticles in a DEM simulation.
+/**
+ * @class pFlow::sphereParticles
+ *
+ * @brief Class for managing spherical particles
+ *
+ * This is a top-level class that contains the essential components for
+ * defining spherical prticles in a DEM simulation.
  */
 
 #ifndef __sphereParticles_hpp__
-#define __sphereParticles_hpp__ 
+#define __sphereParticles_hpp__
 
-#include "systemControl.hpp"
-#include "particles.hpp"
-#include "sphereShape.hpp"
-#include "property.hpp"
 #include "indexContainer.hpp"
-
-
+#include "particles.hpp"
+#include "property.hpp"
+#include "sphereShape.hpp"
+#include "boundarySphereParticlesList.hpp"
+#include "systemControl.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-class sphereParticles
-:
-	public particles 
+class sphereParticles : public particles
 {
-protected:
-
-	/// reference to material properties
-	const property& 	property_;
-
-	/// reference to shapes 
-	sphereShape& 		shapes_;
-
-	/// pointField of inertial of particles 
-	realPointField_D&     	I_;
-
-	/// pointField of rotational Velocity of particles on device 
-	realx3PointField_D& 	rVelocity_;
-
-	/// pointField of rotational acceleration of particles on device  
-	realx3PointField_D& 	rAcceleration_;	
-
-	/// rotational velocity integrator 
-	uniquePtr<integration>  rVelIntegration_ = nullptr;
-
-	/// timer for acceleration computations 
-	Timer 					accelerationTimer_;
-
-	/// timer for integration computations (prediction step)
-	Timer 					intPredictTimer_;
-
-	/// timer for integration computations (correction step)
-	Timer 					intCorrectTimer_;
-
-	bool diameterMassInertiaPropId(const word& shName, real& diam, real& mass, real& I, int8& propIdx);
-
-	bool initializeParticles();
-
-	bool insertSphereParticles(
-		const wordVector& names, 
-		const int32IndexContainer& indices,
-		bool setId = true);
-
-	virtual uniquePtr<List<eventObserver*>> getFieldObjectList()const override;
-
 public:
 
-	/// construct from systemControl and property 
-	sphereParticles(systemControl &control, const property& prop);
+	using ShapeType = sphereShape;
 
-	/// no copy constructor 
-	sphereParticles(const sphereParticles&) = delete;
+private:
 
-	/// move constructor 
-	sphereParticles(sphereParticles&&) = default;
+	/// reference to shapes
+	ShapeType              spheres_;
 
-	/// no copy-assignement
-	sphereParticles& operator=(const sphereParticles&) = delete;
+	/// property id on device
+	uint32PointField_D     propertyId_;
 
-	/// move-assignement
-	sphereParticles& operator=(sphereParticles&&) = default;
+	/// diameter / boundig sphere size of particles on device
+	realPointField_D       diameter_;
 
-	virtual ~sphereParticles()=default;
+	/// mass of particles field
+	realPointField_D       mass_;
+
+	/// pointField of inertial of particles
+	realPointField_D       I_;
+
+	/// pointField of rotational Velocity of particles on device
+	realx3PointField_D     rVelocity_;
+
+	/// pointField of rotational acceleration of particles on device
+	realx3PointField_D     rAcceleration_;
+
+	/// boundaries 
+	boundarySphereParticlesList boundarySphereParticles_;
+
+	/// rotational velocity integrator
+	uniquePtr<integration> rVelIntegration_ = nullptr;
+
+	/// timer for acceleration computations
+	Timer                  accelerationTimer_;
+
+	/// timer for integration computations (prediction step)
+	Timer                  intPredictTimer_;
+
+	/// timer for integration computations (correction step)
+	Timer                  intCorrectTimer_;
+
+	Timer  				   fieldUpdateTimer_;
+
+private:
+	
+
+	bool getParticlesInfoFromShape(
+	  const wordVector& shapeNames,
+	  uint32Vector&     propIds,
+	  realVector&       diams,
+	  realVector&       m,
+	  realVector&       Is,
+	  uint32Vector&     shIndex
+	);
+	/*bool initializeParticles();
+
+	bool insertSphereParticles(
+	    const wordVector& names,
+	    const int32IndexContainer& indices,
+	    bool setId = true);
+
+	virtual uniquePtr<List<eventObserver*>> getFieldObjectList()const override;
+	*/
+protected:
+	Timer& accelerationTimer()
+	{
+		return accelerationTimer_;
+	}
+
+	Timer& intCorrectTimer()
+	{
+		return intCorrectTimer_;
+	}
+
+	integration& rVelIntegration()
+	{
+		return rVelIntegration_();
+	}
+	
+public:
+
+	/// construct from systemControl and property
+	sphereParticles(systemControl& control, const property& prop);
+
+	~sphereParticles() override = default;
 
 	/**
 	 * Insert new particles in position with specified shapes
-	 * 
-	 * This function is involked by inserted object to insert new set of particles
-	 * into the simulation. 
-	 * \param position position of new particles
+	 *
+	 * This function is involked by inserted object to insert new set of
+	 * particles into the simulation. \param position position of new particles
 	 * \param shape shape of new particles
 	 * \param setField initial value of the selected fields for new particles
 	 */
-	bool insertParticles
+	/*bool insertParticles
 	(
-		const realx3Vector& position,
-	 	const wordVector&  shapes,
-	 	const setFieldList& setField
-	) override ;
+    const realx3Vector& position,
+	    const wordVector&  shapes,
+	    const setFieldList& setField
+	) override ;*/
 
-	/// const reference to shapes object 
-	const auto& shapes()const
+    // TODO: make this method private later 
+    bool initializeParticles();
+
+	/// const reference to shapes object
+	const auto& spheres() const
 	{
-		return shapes_;
+		return spheres_;
 	}
 
 	/// const reference to inertia pointField
-	const auto& I()const
+	const auto& I() const
 	{
 		return I_;
 	}
 
-	/// reference to inertia pointField 
+	/// reference to inertia pointField
 	auto& I()
 	{
 		return I_;
 	}
-	
-	const realx3Vector_D rVelocity()const 
-	{	
+
+	const auto& rVelocity() const
+	{
 		return rVelocity_;
 	}
 
-	const realVector_D& boundingSphere()const override
+	auto& rVelocity()
 	{
-		return this->diameter();
+		return rVelocity_;
 	}
 
-	word shapeTypeName() const override
+	bool hearChanges(
+	  real           t,
+	  real           dt,
+	  uint32         iter,
+	  const message& msg,
+	  const anyList& varList
+	) override
 	{
-		return "sphere";
+		notImplementedFunction;
+		return false;
 	}
 
-	void boundingSphereMinMax(
-		real& minDiam,
-		real& maxDiam )const override
+	const uint32PointField_D& propertyId() const override
 	{
-		shapes_.diameterMinMax(minDiam, maxDiam);
+		return propertyId_;
 	}
 
-	bool update(const eventMessage& msg) override;
-	
-	
+	const realPointField_D& diameter() const override
+	{
+		return diameter_;
+	}
+
+	const realPointField_D& mass() const override
+	{
+		return mass_;
+	}
+
+	/// before iteration step
+	bool beforeIteration() override;
+
+	/// iterate particles
+	bool iterate() override;
+
+	bool insertParticles(
+	  const realx3Vector& position,
+	  const wordVector&   shapesNames,
+	  const anyList&      setVarList
+	) override;
+
 	realx3PointField_D& rAcceleration() override
 	{
 		return rAcceleration_;
 	}
-	
+
 	const realx3PointField_D& rAcceleration() const override
 	{
 		return rAcceleration_;
 	}
 
-	/// before iteration step 
-	bool beforeIteration() override;
+	const realPointField_D& boundingSphere() const override
+	{
+		return diameter();
+	}
 
-	/// iterate particles 
-	bool iterate() override;	
+	word         shapeTypeName() const override;
 
-	/// after iteration step
-	bool afterIteration() override;
-	
+	const shape& getShapes() const override;
 
-	
-}; //sphereParticles
+	void boundingSphereMinMax(real& minDiam, real& maxDiam) const override;
+
+}; // sphereParticles
 
 } // pFlow
 
diff --git a/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereParticles/sphereParticlesKernels.cpp b/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereParticles/sphereParticlesKernels.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5e2def60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereParticles/sphereParticlesKernels.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "sphereParticlesKernels.hpp"
+
+using policy = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
+			pFlow::DefaultExecutionSpace,
+			Kokkos::Schedule<Kokkos::Static>,
+			Kokkos::IndexType<pFlow::uint32>>;
+
+void pFlow::sphereParticlesKernels::addMassDiamInertiaProp
+(
+    deviceViewType1D<uint32>    shapeIndex,
+    deviceViewType1D<real>  	mass,
+	deviceViewType1D<real>  	diameter,
+	deviceViewType1D<real>  	I,
+    deviceViewType1D<uint32>  	propertyId,
+    pFlagTypeDevice 		    incld,
+    deviceViewType1D<real>  	src_mass,
+	deviceViewType1D<real>  	src_diameter,
+	deviceViewType1D<real>  	src_I,
+    deviceViewType1D<uint32>  	src_propertyId
+)
+{
+    auto aRange = incld.activeRange();
+
+    Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		"particles::initInertia",
+		policy(aRange.start(), aRange.end()),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i)
+		{
+			if(incld(i))
+			{
+				uint32 index = shapeIndex[i];
+				I[i] = src_I[index];
+				diameter[i] = src_diameter[index];
+				mass[i] = src_mass[index];
+				propertyId[i] = src_propertyId[index];
+			}
+		});
+
+}
+
+void pFlow::sphereParticlesKernels::acceleration
+( 
+	const realx3&					g,
+	const deviceViewType1D<real>&  	mass,
+	const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& force,
+	const deviceViewType1D<real>&  	I,
+	const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& torque,
+	const pFlagTypeDevice& 		    incld,
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  		lAcc,
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  		rAcc
+)
+{
+
+	auto activeRange = incld.activeRange();
+	if(incld.isAllActive())
+	{
+		Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		"pFlow::sphereParticlesKernels::acceleration",
+		policy(activeRange.start(), activeRange.end()),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){
+				lAcc[i] = force[i]/mass[i] + g;
+				rAcc[i] = torque[i]/I[i];
+		});
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		"pFlow::sphereParticlesKernels::acceleration",
+		policy(activeRange.start(), activeRange.end()),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){
+			if(incld(i))
+			{
+				lAcc[i] = force[i]/mass[i] + g;
+				rAcc[i] = torque[i]/I[i];
+			}
+		});
+
+	}
+	
+	Kokkos::fence();
+}
diff --git a/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereParticles/sphereParticlesKernels.hpp b/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereParticles/sphereParticlesKernels.hpp
index 2edeff2b..628b1c49 100644
--- a/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereParticles/sphereParticlesKernels.hpp
+++ b/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereParticles/sphereParticlesKernels.hpp
@@ -21,56 +21,36 @@ Licence:
 #ifndef __sphereParticlesKernels_hpp__
 #define __sphereParticlesKernels_hpp__
 
+#include "types.hpp"
+#include "pointFlag.hpp"
+
 namespace pFlow::sphereParticlesKernels
 {
 
-using rpAcceleration = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
-			DefaultExecutionSpace,
-			Kokkos::Schedule<Kokkos::Static>,
-			Kokkos::IndexType<int32>
-			>;
-
-template<typename IncludeFunctionType>
-void acceleration( 
-	realx3		g,
-	deviceViewType1D<real>  	mass,
-	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  	force,
+void addMassDiamInertiaProp(
+    deviceViewType1D<uint32>    shapeIndex,
+    deviceViewType1D<real>  	mass,
+    deviceViewType1D<real>  	diameter,
 	deviceViewType1D<real>  	I,
-	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  	torque,
-	IncludeFunctionType 		incld,
-	deviceViewType1D<realx3> 	lAcc,
-	deviceViewType1D<realx3> 	rAcc
-	)
-{
+    deviceViewType1D<uint32>  	propertyId,
+    pFlagTypeDevice 		    incld,
+    deviceViewType1D<real>  	src_mass,
+	deviceViewType1D<real>  	src_diameter,
+	deviceViewType1D<real>  	src_I,
+    deviceViewType1D<uint32>  	src_propertyId
+);
 
-	auto activeRange = incld.activeRange();
-	if(incld.allActive())
-	{
-		Kokkos::parallel_for(
-		"pFlow::sphereParticlesKernels::acceleration",
-		rpAcceleration(activeRange.first, activeRange.second),
-		LAMBDA_HD(int32 i){
-				lAcc[i] = force[i]/mass[i] + g;
-				rAcc[i] = torque[i]/I[i];
-		});
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		Kokkos::parallel_for(
-		"pFlow::sphereParticlesKernels::acceleration",
-		rpAcceleration(activeRange.first, activeRange.second),
-		LAMBDA_HD(int32 i){
-			if(incld(i))
-			{
-				lAcc[i] = force[i]/mass[i] + g;
-				rAcc[i] = torque[i]/I[i];
-			}
-		});
+void acceleration( 
+	const realx3&					g,
+	const deviceViewType1D<real>&  	mass,
+	const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& force,
+	const deviceViewType1D<real>&  	I,
+	const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& torque,
+	const pFlagTypeDevice& 		    incld,
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  		lAcc,
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3>  		rAcc
+);
 
-	}
-	
-	Kokkos::fence();
-}
 
 }
 
diff --git a/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereShape/sphereShape.cpp b/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereShape/sphereShape.cpp
index 7723f039..fac52d3c 100644
--- a/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereShape/sphereShape.cpp
+++ b/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereShape/sphereShape.cpp
@@ -19,186 +19,182 @@ Licence:
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #include "sphereShape.hpp"
-#include "dictionary.hpp"
-#include "vocabs.hpp"
-#include "streams.hpp"
 
 
-bool pFlow::sphereShape::insertNames
-(
-	const wordVector& names
-)
+bool pFlow::sphereShape::readFromDictionary3()
 {
-	names_.clear();
-	uint32 i=0;
-	for(const auto& nm:names)
-	{
-		if(!names_.insertIf(nm, i))
-		{
-			fatalErrorInFunction<<
-			"  repeated name in the list of sphere names: " << names;
-			return false;
-		}
-		i++;
-	}
-	names_.rehash(0);
-	
-	numShapes_ = names_.size();
-	
-	return true;
-}
 
+	diameters_ = getVal<realVector>("diameters");
 
-bool pFlow::sphereShape::readDictionary
-(
-	const dictionary& dict
-)
-{
-	diameters_ = dict.getVal<realVector>("diameters");
-	materials_ = dict.getVal<wordVector>("materials");
-	auto names = dict.getVal<wordVector>("names");
-
-	if(diameters_.size() != materials_.size() )
+	if(diameters_.size() != numShapes() )
 	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"  number of elements in diameters and properties are not the same in "<< dict.globalName()<<endl;
-		return false;
-	}
-	else if(diameters_.size() != names.size() )
-	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"  number of elements in diameters and names are not the same in "<< dict.globalName()<<endl;
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if( !insertNames(names) )
-	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"  error in reading dictionary "<< dict.globalName();
+		fatalErrorInFunction<< 
+		" number of elements in diameters in "<< globalName()<<" is not consistent"<<endl;
 		return false;
 	}
 
 	return true;
 }
 
-bool pFlow::sphereShape::writeDictionary
-(
-	dictionary& dict
-)const
+bool pFlow::sphereShape::writeToDict(dictionary& dict)const 
 {
+	
+	if(!shape::writeToDict(dict))return false;
 
-	if( !dict.add("diamters", diameters_) )
+	if( !dict.add("diameters", diameters_) )
 	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<  
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
 		"  Error in writing diameters to dictionary "<< dict.globalName()<<endl;
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	if( !dict.add("properties", materials_) )
-	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"  Error in writing properties to dictionary "<< dict.globalName()<<endl;
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	size_t n = names_.size();
-	wordVector names(n);
-	names.clear();
-	word nm;
-	
-	for(label i=0; i<n; i++)
-	{
-		indexToName(i, nm);
-		names.push_back(nm);
-	}
-
-	if( !dict.add("names", names) )
-	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"  Error in writing names to dictionary "<< dict.globalName()<<endl;
-		return false;
-	}
-
 	return true;
 }
 
-
-
 pFlow::sphereShape::sphereShape
 (
-	const realVector& diameter,
-	const wordVector& property,
-	const wordVector& name
+	const word& fileName,
+	repository* owner,
+	const property& prop
 )
 :
-	diameters_(diameter),
-	materials_(property)
+	shape(fileName, owner, prop)
 {
-	if( !insertNames( name) )
+
+	if(!readFromDictionary3())
 	{
 		fatalExit;
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
 	}
 }
 
-bool pFlow::sphereShape::shapeToDiameter
-(
-	wordVector& names,
-	realVector& diams
-)const
+pFlow::real pFlow::sphereShape::maxBoundingSphere() const
 {
-	diams.clear();
-	uint32 idx;
-	for(const auto& nm:names)
-	{
-		if(!nameToIndex(nm, idx))
-		{
-			fatalErrorInFunction<<
-			"  invalid shape name requested "<< nm <<endl;
-			return false;
-		}
-		diams.push_back(diameters_[idx]);
-	}
-
-	return true;
+    return max(diameters_);
 }
 
-
-bool pFlow::sphereShape::read(iIstream& is)
+pFlow::real pFlow::sphereShape::minBoundingSphere() const
 {
-
-	dictionary sphereDict(sphereShapeFile__, true);
-
-	if( !sphereDict.read(is) )
-	{
-		ioErrorInFile(is.name(), is.lineNumber()) <<
-		"  error in reading dictionray " << sphereShapeFile__ <<" from file. \n";
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if( !readDictionary(sphereDict) )
-	{
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
+    return min(diameters_);
 }
 
-bool pFlow::sphereShape::write(iOstream& os)const
+bool pFlow::sphereShape::boundingDiameter(uint32 index, real &bDiam) const
 {
-
-	dictionary sphereDict(sphereShapeFile__, true);
-
-	if( !writeDictionary(sphereDict))
+	if( indexValid(index))
 	{
-		return false;
+		bDiam = diameters_[index];
+		return true;
 	}
-
-	if( !sphereDict.write(os) )
-	{
-		ioErrorInFile( os.name(), os.lineNumber() )<<
-		"  error in writing dictionray to file. \n";
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
+    return false;
+}
+
+pFlow::real pFlow::sphereShape::boundingDiameter(uint32 index) const
+{
+    if(indexValid(index))
+	{
+		return diameters_[index];
+	}
+	fatalErrorInFunction<<"Invalid index for diameter "<<
+	index<<endl;
+	fatalExit;
+	return 0.0;
+}
+
+pFlow::realVector pFlow::sphereShape::boundingDiameter() const
+{
+    return diameters_;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::sphereShape::mass(uint32 index, real &m) const
+{
+    if( indexValid(index) )
+	{
+		real d = diameters_[index];
+		real rho = indexToDensity(index);
+		m = Pi/6.0*pow(d,3)*rho;
+		return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+pFlow::real pFlow::sphereShape::mass(uint32 index) const
+{
+    if(real m; mass(index, m))
+	{
+		return m;
+	}
+	fatalErrorInFunction<<"bad index for mass "<< index<<endl;
+	fatalExit;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+pFlow::realVector pFlow::sphereShape::mass() const
+{
+    return realVector ("mass", Pi/6*pow(diameters_,(real)3.0)*density());
+}
+
+pFlow::realVector pFlow::sphereShape::density()const 
+{
+	auto pids = shapePropertyIds();
+	realVector rho("rho", numShapes());
+	ForAll(i, pids)
+	{
+		rho[i] = properties().density(pids[i]);
+	}
+	return rho;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::sphereShape::Inertia(uint32 index, real &I) const
+{
+	if( indexValid(index) )
+	{
+		I = 0.4 * mass(index) * pow(diameters_[index]/2.0,2.0);
+		return true;
+	}
+    return false;
+}
+
+pFlow::real pFlow::sphereShape::Inertia(uint32 index) const
+{
+	if(real I; Inertia(index, I))
+	{
+		return I;
+	}
+    fatalExit;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+pFlow::realVector pFlow::sphereShape::Inertia() const
+{
+    return realVector("I", (real)0.4*mass()*pow((real)0.5*diameters_,(real)2.0));
+}
+
+bool pFlow::sphereShape::Inertia_xx(uint32 index, real &Ixx) const
+{
+    return Inertia(index,Ixx);
+}
+
+pFlow::real pFlow::sphereShape::Inertial_xx(uint32 index) const
+{
+    return Inertia(index);
+}
+
+bool pFlow::sphereShape::Inertia_yy(uint32 index, real &Iyy) const
+{
+    return Inertia(index,Iyy);
+}
+
+pFlow::real pFlow::sphereShape::Inertial_yy(uint32 index) const
+{
+    return Inertia(index);
+}
+
+bool pFlow::sphereShape::Inertia_zz(uint32 index, real &Izz) const
+{
+    return Inertia(index,Izz);
+}
+
+pFlow::real pFlow::sphereShape::Inertial_zz(uint32 index) const
+{
+    return Inertia(index);
 }
diff --git a/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereShape/sphereShape.hpp b/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereShape/sphereShape.hpp
index f6357558..b59625ce 100644
--- a/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereShape/sphereShape.hpp
+++ b/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereShape/sphereShape.hpp
@@ -21,154 +21,76 @@ Licence:
 #ifndef __sphereShape_hpp__
 #define __sphereShape_hpp__
 
-#include "Vectors.hpp"
-#include "hashMap.hpp"
+#include "shape.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-class dictionary;
-
 class sphereShape
+:
+	public shape
 {
-protected:
+private:
 	
 	// - diameter of spheres
 	realVector 			diameters_;
 	
-	// - property name of spheres
-	wordVector 			materials_;
+	bool readFromDictionary3();
 
-	// - hashed list of spheres names
-	wordHashMap<uint32> names_;
+protected:
 
-	size_t 				numShapes_;
-
-
-	bool insertNames(const wordVector& names);
-
-	bool readDictionary(const dictionary& dict);
-
-	bool writeDictionary(dictionary& dict)const;
+	bool writeToDict(dictionary& dict)const override;
 
 public:
 
 	// - type info
-	TypeInfoNV("sphereShape");
+	TypeInfo("shape<sphere>");
 
+	sphereShape(
+		const word& fileName,
+		repository* owner,
+		const property& prop);
 
-		sphereShape(){}
-
-		sphereShape(
-			const realVector& diameter,
-			const wordVector& property,
-			const wordVector& name
-			);
-
-		sphereShape(const sphereShape&) = default;
-
-		sphereShape(sphereShape&&) = default;
-
-		sphereShape& operator=(const sphereShape&) = default;
-
-		sphereShape& operator=(sphereShape&&) = default;
-
-		auto clone()const
-		{
-			return makeUnique<sphereShape>(*this);
-		}
-
-		sphereShape* clonePtr()const
-		{
-			return new sphereShape(*this);
-		}
-
-		~sphereShape() = default;
+	
+	~sphereShape() override = default;
 
 	//// - Methods
-		const auto& names()const{
-			return names_;
-		}
 
-		const auto& diameters()const{
-			return diameters_;
-		}
+	real maxBoundingSphere()const override;
 
-		const auto& materials()const{
-			return materials_;
-		}
+    real minBoundingSphere()const override;
 
-		const auto diameter(label i)const{
-			return diameters_[i];
-		}
+	bool boundingDiameter(uint32 index, real& bDiam)const override;
 
-		const auto material(label i)const{
-			return materials_[i];
-		}
+	real boundingDiameter(uint32 index)const override;
 
+	realVector boundingDiameter()const override;
 
-		// name to index
-		bool nameToIndex(const word& name, uint32& index)const
-		{
-			if(auto[iter, found] = names_.findIf(name); found )
-			{
-				index = iter->second;
-				return true;
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				index = 0;
-				return false;
-			}
-		}
+	bool mass(uint32 index, real& m)const override;
 
-		uint32 nameToIndex(const word& name)const
-		{
-			return names_.at(name);
-		}
+	real mass(uint32 index) const override;
 
-		bool indexToName(uint32 i, word& name)const
-		{
-			for(auto& nm: names_)
-			{
-				if(nm.second == i)
-				{
-					name = nm.first;
-					return true;
-				}
-			}
-			name = "";
-			return false;
-		}
+	realVector mass()const override;
 
-		bool shapeToDiameter(wordVector& names, realVector& diams)const;
+    realVector density() const override;
 
-		void diameterMinMax(real& minD, real& maxD)const
-		{
-			minD = min(diameters_);
-			maxD = max(diameters_);
-		}
+	bool Inertia(uint32 index, real& I)const override;
 
-	//// - IO operatoin 
+	real Inertia(uint32 index)const override;
 
-		// - read from stream/file
-		bool read(iIstream& is);
+	realVector Inertia()const override;
+	 
+    bool Inertia_xx(uint32 index, real& Ixx)const override;
 
-		// - write to stream/file
-		bool write(iOstream& os)const;
+    real Inertial_xx(uint32 index)const override;
+	
+    bool Inertia_yy(uint32 index, real& Iyy)const override;
 
-		// - read from dictionary 
-		bool read(const dictionary& dict)
-		{
-			return readDictionary(dict);
-		}
+    real Inertial_yy(uint32 index)const override;
 
-		// - write to dictionary 
-		bool write(dictionary& dict)const
-		{
-			return writeDictionary(dict);
-		}
+    bool Inertia_zz(uint32 index, real& Izz)const override;
 
+    real Inertial_zz(uint32 index)const override;
 
 };
 
diff --git a/src/Particles/dynamicPointStructure/dynamicPointStructure.cpp b/src/Particles/dynamicPointStructure/dynamicPointStructure.cpp
index 16e5b849..f0875341 100644
--- a/src/Particles/dynamicPointStructure/dynamicPointStructure.cpp
+++ b/src/Particles/dynamicPointStructure/dynamicPointStructure.cpp
@@ -19,57 +19,41 @@ Licence:
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #include "dynamicPointStructure.hpp"
-
+#include "systemControl.hpp"
 
 pFlow::dynamicPointStructure::dynamicPointStructure
 (
-	Time& time,
-	const word& integrationMethod
+	systemControl& control
 )
 :
-	time_(time),
-	integrationMethod_(integrationMethod),
-	pStruct_(
-		time_.emplaceObject<pointStructure>(
-			objectFile(
-				pointStructureFile__,
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS			
-				)
-			)
-		),
-	velocity_(
-		time_.emplaceObject<realx3PointField_D>(
-			objectFile(
-				"velocity",
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
-				),
-			pStruct(),
-			zero3
-			)
-		)
-
+	pointStructure(control),
+	velocity_
+	(
+		objectFile(
+			"velocity",
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
+			objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
+			),
+		*this,
+		zero3
+	),
+	velocityUpdateTimer_("velocity boundary update", &timers()),
+	integrationMethod_
+	(
+		control.settingsDict().getVal<word>("integrationMethod")
+	)
 {
-
-	this->subscribe(pStruct());
-
 	REPORT(1)<< "Creating integration method "<<
-		greenText(integrationMethod_)<<" for dynamicPointStructure."<<endREPORT;
+		Green_Text(integrationMethod_)<<" for dynamicPointStructure."<<END_REPORT;
 
-	integrationPos_ = integration::create(
+	integrationPos_ = integration::create
+	(
 		"pStructPosition",
-		time_.integration(),
-		pStruct(),
-		integrationMethod_);
-	
-	integrationVel_ = integration::create(
-		"pStructVelocity",
-		time_.integration(),
-		pStruct(),
-		integrationMethod_);
+		*this,
+		integrationMethod_,
+		pointPosition()
+	);
 
 	if( !integrationPos_ )
 	{
@@ -77,6 +61,14 @@ pFlow::dynamicPointStructure::dynamicPointStructure
 		"  error in creating integration object for dynamicPointStructure (position). \n";
 		fatalExit;
 	}
+	
+	integrationVel_ = integration::create
+	(
+		"pStructVelocity",
+		*this,
+		integrationMethod_,
+		velocity_.field()
+	);
 
 	if( !integrationVel_ )
 	{
@@ -85,48 +77,37 @@ pFlow::dynamicPointStructure::dynamicPointStructure
 		fatalExit;
 	}
 
-	
-	if(!integrationPos_->needSetInitialVals()) return;
-
-	
-		
-	auto [minInd, maxInd] = pStruct().activeRange();
-	int32IndexContainer indexHD(minInd, maxInd);
-	
-	auto n = indexHD.size();
-	auto index = indexHD.indicesHost();
-
-	realx3Vector pos(n,RESERVE());
-	realx3Vector vel(n,RESERVE());
-	const auto hVel = velocity().hostVector();
-	const auto hPos = pStruct().pointPosition().hostVector();
-
-	for(auto i=0; i<n; i++)
-	{
-		pos.push_back( hPos[index(i)]);
-		vel.push_back( hVel[index(i)]);
-	}
-
-	//output<< "pos "<< pos<<endl;
-	//output<< "vel "<< vel<<endl;
-
-	REPORT(2)<< "Initializing the required vectors for position integratoin "<<endREPORT;
-	integrationPos_->setInitialVals(indexHD, pos);
-
-	REPORT(2)<< "Initializing the required vectors for velocity integratoin\n "<<endREPORT;
-	integrationVel_->setInitialVals(indexHD, vel);
 }
 
-bool pFlow::dynamicPointStructure::predict
-(
-	real dt,
-	realx3PointField_D& acceleration
-)
-{
-	auto& pos = pStruct().pointPosition();
 
-	if(!integrationPos_().predict(dt, pos.VectorField(), velocity_.VectorField() ))return false;
-	if(!integrationVel_().predict(dt, velocity_.VectorField(), acceleration.VectorField()))return false;
+bool pFlow::dynamicPointStructure::beforeIteration()
+{
+	if(!pointStructure::beforeIteration())return false;
+	velocityUpdateTimer_.start();
+	velocity_.updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested();
+	integrationPos_->updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested();
+	integrationVel_->updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested();
+	velocityUpdateTimer_.end();
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::dynamicPointStructure::iterate()
+{
+	return pointStructure::iterate();
+	
+	/*real dt = this->dt();
+
+    auto& acc = time().lookupObject<realx3PointField_D>("acceleration");
+    return correct(dt, acc);*/
+}
+
+bool pFlow::dynamicPointStructure::predict(
+    real dt,
+    realx3PointField_D &acceleration)
+{
+	
+	if(!integrationPos_().predict(dt, pointPosition(), velocity_ ))return false;
+	if(!integrationVel_().predict(dt, velocity_, acceleration))return false;
 
 	return true;
 }
@@ -137,82 +118,11 @@ bool pFlow::dynamicPointStructure::correct
 	realx3PointField_D& acceleration
 )
 {
-	auto& pos = pStruct().pointPosition();
+	//auto& pos = pStruct().pointPosition();
 	
-	if(!integrationPos_().correct(dt, pos.VectorField(), velocity_.VectorField() ))return false;
+	if(!integrationPos_().correctPStruct(dt, *this, velocity_) )return false;
 	
-	if(!integrationVel_().correct(dt, velocity_.VectorField(), acceleration.VectorField()))return false;
+	if(!integrationVel_().correct(dt, velocity_, acceleration))return false;
 
 	return true;	
 }
-
-/*FUNCTION_H
-pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::int32IndexContainer> pFlow::dynamicPointStructure::insertPoints
-(
-	const realx3Vector& pos,
-	const List<eventObserver*>& exclusionList
-)
-{
-	auto newIndicesPtr = pointStructure::insertPoints(pos, exclusionList);
-
-	// no new point is inserted
-	if( !newIndicesPtr ) return newIndicesPtr;
-
-	if(!integrationPos_().needSetInitialVals()) return newIndicesPtr;
-
-	auto hVel = velocity_.hostVector();
-	auto n = newIndicesPtr().size();
-	auto index = newIndicesPtr().indicesHost();
-
-	realx3Vector velVec(n, RESERVE());
-	for(auto i=0; i<n; i++)
-	{
-		velVec.push_back( hVel[ index(i) ]);
-	}
-
-	integrationPos_->setInitialVals(newIndicesPtr(), pos );
-	integrationVel_->setInitialVals(newIndicesPtr(), velVec );
-	
-	return newIndicesPtr;
-
-}*/
-
-
-bool pFlow::dynamicPointStructure::update(
-	const eventMessage& msg) 
-{
-	if( msg.isInsert())
-	{
-		
-		if(!integrationPos_->needSetInitialVals())return true;
-
-		const auto indexHD = pStruct().insertedPointIndex();
-
-	
-		auto n = indexHD.size();
-
-		if(n==0) return true;
-
-		auto index = indexHD.indicesHost();
-
-		realx3Vector pos(n,RESERVE());
-		realx3Vector vel(n,RESERVE());
-		const auto hVel = velocity().hostVector();
-		const auto hPos = pStruct().pointPosition().hostVector();
-
-		for(auto i=0; i<n; i++)
-		{
-			pos.push_back( hPos[index(i)]);
-			vel.push_back( hVel[index(i)]);
-		}
-
-
-		
-		integrationPos_->setInitialVals(indexHD, pos);
-
-		integrationVel_->setInitialVals(indexHD, vel);		
-
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Particles/dynamicPointStructure/dynamicPointStructure.hpp b/src/Particles/dynamicPointStructure/dynamicPointStructure.hpp
index 843a3c46..f82f1dca 100644
--- a/src/Particles/dynamicPointStructure/dynamicPointStructure.hpp
+++ b/src/Particles/dynamicPointStructure/dynamicPointStructure.hpp
@@ -30,98 +30,71 @@ Licence:
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
+class systemControl;
+
 class dynamicPointStructure
 :
-	//public pointStructure
-public eventObserver
+	public pointStructure
 {
-protected:
+private:
 
-	Time& time_;
+	realx3PointField_D  	velocity_;
 
-	word 			integrationMethod_;
+	uniquePtr<integration>  integrationPos_ = nullptr;
 
-	pointStructure& 	pStruct_;
+	uniquePtr<integration>  integrationVel_ = nullptr;
 
-	realx3PointField_D&  	velocity_;
+	Timer 					velocityUpdateTimer_;
 
-	uniquePtr<integration>  integrationPos_;
-
-	uniquePtr<integration>  integrationVel_;
+	/// @brief integration method for velocity and position
+	word 					integrationMethod_;
 
 public:
 
 	TypeInfo("dynamicPointStructure");
 
-	dynamicPointStructure(Time& time, const word& integrationMethod);
-
-	dynamicPointStructure(const dynamicPointStructure& ps) = default;
+	explicit dynamicPointStructure(systemControl& control);
 
+	dynamicPointStructure(const dynamicPointStructure& ps) = delete;
 		
-		// - no move construct 
+	// - no move construct 
 	dynamicPointStructure(dynamicPointStructure&&) = delete;
 
-	// - copy assignment 
-	//
-	//   should be changed, may causs undefined behavior 
-	//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-	dynamicPointStructure& operator=(const dynamicPointStructure&) = default;
+	/// 
+	dynamicPointStructure& operator=(const dynamicPointStructure&) = delete;
 
 	// - no move assignment 
 	dynamicPointStructure& operator=(dynamicPointStructure&&) = delete;
 
 	// - destructor 
-	virtual ~dynamicPointStructure() = default;
+	~dynamicPointStructure() override = default;
 
 
-	inline pointStructure& pStruct() 
-	{
-		return pStruct_;
-	}
-
-	inline const pointStructure& pStruct() const
-	{
-		return pStruct_;
-	}
-
-	inline const realx3PointField_D& velocity()const
+	inline 
+	const realx3PointField_D& velocity()const
 	{
 		return velocity_;
 	}
 
-	inline auto velocityHostAll()
+	inline 
+	realx3PointField_D& velocity()
 	{
-		return velocity_.hostVectorAll();
+		return velocity_;
 	}
 
-	inline auto pointPositionHostAll()
-	{
-		return pStruct_.pointPositionHostAll();
-	}
-
-	auto markDeleteOutOfBox(const box& domain)
-	{
-		return pStruct_.markDeleteOutOfBox(domain);
-	}
+	/// In the time loop before iterate
+	bool beforeIteration() override;
 
+	/// @brief This is called in time loop. Perform the main calculations 
+	/// when the component should evolve along time.
+	bool iterate() override;
+	
+	/// prediction step (if any), is called in beforeIteration	
 	bool predict(real dt, realx3PointField_D& acceleration);
 
+	/// correction step, is called in iterate 
 	bool correct(real dt, realx3PointField_D& acceleration);
 
-
-	// - update data structure by inserting/setting new points 
-	//   Notifies all the fields in the registered list of data structure
-	//   and exclude the fields that re in the exclusionList
-	//   retrun nullptr if it fails 
-	/*FUNCTION_H
-	virtual uniquePtr<int32IndexContainer> insertPoints(
-		const realx3Vector& pos,
-		const List<eventObserver*>& exclusionList={nullptr}
-	)override;*/
-
-	bool update(const eventMessage& msg) override;
-	
-
 };
 
 }
diff --git a/src/Particles/particles/particleIdHandler/particleIdHandler.cpp b/src/Particles/particles/particleIdHandler/particleIdHandler.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5288e156
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Particles/particles/particleIdHandler/particleIdHandler.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "particleIdHandler.hpp"
+
+pFlow::particleIdHandler::particleIdHandler(pointStructure& pStruct)
+:
+	uint32PointField_D
+	(
+		objectFile
+		(
+			"id",
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+			objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
+		),
+		pStruct,
+		static_cast<uint32>(-1),
+		static_cast<uint32>(-1)
+	)
+{
+
+}
+
+bool
+pFlow::particleIdHandler::hearChanges(
+  real           t,
+  real           dt,
+  uint32         iter,
+  const message& msg,
+  const anyList& varList
+)
+{
+	if(msg.equivalentTo(message::ITEM_INSERT))
+	{
+		const word eventName = message::eventName(message::ITEM_INSERT);
+
+		const auto& indices = varList.getObject<uint32IndexContainer>(
+			eventName);
+
+		uint32 numNew = indices.size();
+		if(numNew == 0u)return true;
+
+		auto idRange = getIdRange(numNew);
+		uint32Vector newId("newId",numNew,numNew,RESERVE());
+		fillSequence(newId, idRange.first);
+		
+		return this->field().insertSetElement(indices, newId);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		return uint32PointField_D::hearChanges(t,dt,iter, msg,varList);
+	}
+}
+
+pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::particleIdHandler>
+pFlow::particleIdHandler::create(pointStructure& pStruct)
+{
+    word idHType = angleBracketsNames(
+        "particleIdHandler", 
+        pFlowProcessors().localRunTypeName());
+
+
+	if( pointStructurevCtorSelector_.search(idHType) )
+	{
+		REPORT(1)<<"Creating particle id handler "<< 
+			Green_Text(idHType)<<END_REPORT;
+		return pointStructurevCtorSelector_[idHType] (pStruct);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		printKeys
+		( 
+			fatalError << "Ctor Selector "<< idHType << " dose not exist. \n"
+			<<"Avaiable ones are: \n\n"
+			,
+			pointStructurevCtorSelector_
+		);
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+	return nullptr;
+}
diff --git a/src/Particles/particles/particleIdHandler/particleIdHandler.hpp b/src/Particles/particles/particleIdHandler/particleIdHandler.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..836e0141
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Particles/particles/particleIdHandler/particleIdHandler.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __particleIdHandler_hpp__
+#define __particleIdHandler_hpp__
+
+
+#include "pointFields.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class particleIdHandler
+:
+	public uint32PointField_D
+{
+
+private:
+
+	virtual 
+	bool initialIdCheck()=0;
+
+public:
+	
+	/// class info
+	ClassInfo("particleIdHandler");
+
+	explicit particleIdHandler(pointStructure& pStruct);
+
+	create_vCtor
+	(
+		particleIdHandler,
+		pointStructure,
+		(pointStructure& pStruct),
+		(pStruct)
+	);
+
+	~particleIdHandler()override=default;
+
+	virtual
+	Pair<uint32, uint32> getIdRange(uint32 nNewParticles)=0;
+
+	virtual 
+	uint32 maxId()const = 0;
+
+	
+
+	// heat change for possible insertion of particles
+	// overrdie from internalField
+	bool hearChanges
+	(
+		real t,
+		real dt,
+		uint32 iter,
+		const message& msg, 
+		const anyList& varList
+	) override;
+
+	static
+	uniquePtr<particleIdHandler> create(
+		pointStructure& pStruct);
+	
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/Particles/particles/particles.cpp b/src/Particles/particles/particles.cpp
index d5c3bb45..a8fc970a 100644
--- a/src/Particles/particles/particles.cpp
+++ b/src/Particles/particles/particles.cpp
@@ -2,201 +2,121 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
 #include "particles.hpp"
 
-
-pFlow::particles::particles
-(
-	systemControl& control,
-	const word& integrationMethod
-)
-:
-	demParticles(control),
-	time_(control.time()),
-	integrationMethod_(integrationMethod),
-	/*dynPointStruct_(
-		time_.emplaceObject<dynamicPointStructure>(
-			objectFile(
-				pointStructureFile__,
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS			
-				),
-			control.time(),
-			integrationMethod
-			)
-		),*/
-	dynPointStruct_(
-		control.time(),
-		integrationMethod),
-	shapeName_(
-		control.time().emplaceObject<wordPointField>(
-			objectFile(
-				"shapeName",
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS,
-				false
-				),
-			pStruct(),
-			word("NO_NAME_SHAPE")
-			)
-		),
-	id_(
-		control.time().emplaceObject<int32PointField_HD>(
-			objectFile(
-				"id",
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
-				),
-			pStruct(),
-			static_cast<int32>(-1)
-			)
-		),
-	propertyId_(
-		control.time().emplaceObject<int8PointField_D>(
-			objectFile(
-				"propertyId",
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_NEVER,
-				objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
-				),
-			pStruct(),
-			static_cast<int8>(0)
-			)
-		),
-	diameter_(
-		control.time().emplaceObject<realPointField_D>(
-			objectFile(
-				"diameter",
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_NEVER,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
-				),
-			pStruct(),
-			static_cast<real>(0.00000000001)
-			)
-		),
-	mass_(
-		control.time().emplaceObject<realPointField_D>(
-			objectFile(
-				"mass",
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_NEVER,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
-				),
-			pStruct(),
-			static_cast<real>(0.0000000001)
-			)
-		),
-	accelertion_(
-		control.time().emplaceObject<realx3PointField_D>(
-			objectFile(
-				"accelertion",
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
-				),
-			pStruct(),
-			zero3
-			)
-		),
-	contactForce_(
-		control.time().emplaceObject<realx3PointField_D>(
-			objectFile(
-				"contactForce",
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
-				),
-			pStruct(),
-			zero3
-			)
-		),
-	contactTorque_(
-		control.time().emplaceObject<realx3PointField_D>(
-			objectFile(
-				"contactTorque",
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
-				),
-			pStruct(),
-			zero3
-			)
-		),
-	idHandler_(id_)
+pFlow::particles::particles(systemControl& control)
+  : observer(defaultMessage_),
+    demComponent("particles", control),
+    dynPointStruct_(control),
+    /*id_(
+      objectFile(
+        "id",
+        "",
+        objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+        objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
+      ),
+      dynPointStruct_,
+      static_cast<uint32>(-1),
+      static_cast<uint32>(-1)
+    ),*/
+    shapeIndex_(
+      objectFile(
+        "shapeIndex",
+        "",
+        objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
+        objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
+      ),
+      dynPointStruct_,
+      0
+    ),
+    accelertion_(
+      objectFile(
+        "accelertion",
+        "",
+        objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+        objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
+      ),
+      dynPointStruct_,
+      zero3
+    ),
+    contactForce_(
+      objectFile(
+        "contactForce",
+        "",
+        objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+        objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
+      ),
+      dynPointStruct_,
+      zero3
+    ),
+    contactTorque_(
+      objectFile(
+        "contactTorque",
+        "",
+        objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
+        objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
+      ),
+      dynPointStruct_,
+      zero3
+    ),
+    idHandler_(particleIdHandler::create(dynPointStruct_)),
+    baseFieldBoundaryUpdateTimer_("baseFieldBoundaryUpdate",&timers())
 {
-	
-	this->subscribe(pStruct());
+	this->addToSubscriber(dynPointStruct_);
 
+	//idHandler_().initialIdCheck();
 }
 
-bool pFlow::particles::beforeIteration() 
+bool
+pFlow::particles::beforeIteration()
 {
-	auto domain = this->control().domain();
+	if( !dynPointStruct_.beforeIteration())
+  {
+    return false;
+  }
 
-	auto numMarked = dynPointStruct_.markDeleteOutOfBox(domain);
-	
-	if(time_.sortTime())
-	{
-		real min_dx, max_dx;
-		boundingSphereMinMax(min_dx, max_dx);
-		Timer t;
-		t.start();
-		REPORT(0)<<"Performing morton sorting on particles ...."<<endREPORT;
-		if(!pStruct().mortonSortPoints(domain, max_dx))
-		{
-			fatalErrorInFunction<<"Morton sorting was not successful"<<endl;
-			return false;
-		}
-		t.end();
-		REPORT(1)<<"Active range is "<< pStruct().activeRange()<<endREPORT;
-		REPORT(1)<<"It took "<< yellowText(t.totalTime())<<" seconds."<<endREPORT;
-	}
-
-	this->zeroForce();
-	this->zeroTorque();
-
-	return true;
+  zeroForce();
+	zeroTorque();
+  baseFieldBoundaryUpdateTimer_.start();
+  shapeIndex_.updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested();
+  accelertion_.updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested();
+  idHandler_().updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested();
+  baseFieldBoundaryUpdateTimer_.end();
+  return true;
 }
 
-pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::List<pFlow::eventObserver*>> 
-pFlow::particles::getFieldObjectList()const
+bool
+pFlow::particles::iterate()
 {
-	auto objListPtr = makeUnique<pFlow::List<pFlow::eventObserver*>>();
-	objListPtr().push_back(
-		static_cast<eventObserver*>(&id_) );
-		
-	objListPtr().push_back(
-		static_cast<eventObserver*>(&propertyId_) );
-
-	objListPtr().push_back(
-		static_cast<eventObserver*>(&diameter_) );
-
-	objListPtr().push_back(
-		static_cast<eventObserver*>(&mass_) );
-	
-	objListPtr().push_back(
-		static_cast<eventObserver*>(&shapeName_) );
-	
-	return objListPtr;
+	return dynPointStruct_.iterate();
+}
+
+bool
+pFlow::particles::afterIteration()
+{
+	return dynPointStruct_.afterIteration();
+}
+
+void
+pFlow::particles::boundingSphereMinMax(real& minDiam, real& maxDiam) const
+{
+	auto& shp = getShapes();
+
+	minDiam = shp.minBoundingSphere();
+	maxDiam = shp.maxBoundingSphere();
 }
diff --git a/src/Particles/particles/particles.hpp b/src/Particles/particles/particles.hpp
index 7b207c50..12e3da8c 100644
--- a/src/Particles/particles/particles.hpp
+++ b/src/Particles/particles/particles.hpp
@@ -1,79 +1,65 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow
+--------------------------------- O        C enter of O O       E
+ngineering and O   O      M ultiscale modeling of OOOOOOO     F luid
+flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for
+simulating granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it
+and/or modify it under the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or
+any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the
+field of granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
+without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
 #ifndef __particles_hpp__
 #define __particles_hpp__
 
+#include "demComponent.hpp"
 #include "dynamicPointStructure.hpp"
 #include "particleIdHandler.hpp"
-#include "demParticles.hpp"
+#include "shape.hpp"
+
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-class setFieldList;
-
 class particles
-:
-	public eventObserver,
-	public demParticles
+  : public observer
+  , public demComponent
 {
+private:
+
+	/// dynamic point structure for particles center mass
+	dynamicPointStructure        dynPointStruct_;
+
+	/// shape index of each particle 
+	uint32PointField_D           shapeIndex_;
+
+	/// acceleration on device
+	realx3PointField_D           accelertion_;
+
+	/// contact force field
+	realx3PointField_D           contactForce_;
+
+	/// contact torque field
+	realx3PointField_D           contactTorque_;
+
+	/// handling new ids for new particles 
+	uniquePtr<particleIdHandler> idHandler_ = nullptr;
+
+	Timer 						 baseFieldBoundaryUpdateTimer_;
+
+	/// messages for this objects
+	static inline const message  defaultMessage_{ message::DEFAULT };
+
 protected:
-	
-	// owner repository 
-	Time& time_;
-
-	const word integrationMethod_;
-
-	// dynamic point structure for particles 
-	dynamicPointStructure 	dynPointStruct_;
-
-	// - name of shapes - this is managed by particles 
-	wordPointField&  		shapeName_;
-
-	// id of particles on host
-	int32PointField_HD&		id_;
-
-	// property id on device
-	int8PointField_D& 		propertyId_;
-
-	// diameter / boundig sphere size of particles on device
-	realPointField_D&		diameter_;
-
-	// mass on device
-	realPointField_D& 		mass_;
-
-	// - acceleration on device
-	realx3PointField_D& 	accelertion_;
-
-
-	realx3PointField_D&     contactForce_;
-
-
-	realx3PointField_D&     contactTorque_;	
-
-	
-	// - object handling particle id
-	particleIdHandler		idHandler_;
-
-	virtual uniquePtr<List<eventObserver*>> getFieldObjectList()const;
 
 	void zeroForce()
 	{
@@ -85,193 +71,156 @@ protected:
 		contactTorque_.fill(zero3);
 	}
 
-public:
-
-	// type info
-	TypeInfo("particles");
-
-	particles(systemControl& control, const word& integrationMethod);
-
-	inline const auto& time()const {
-		return time_;
-	}
-
-	inline auto& time() {
-		return time_;
-	}
-	
-	inline auto integrationMethod()const
-	{
-		return integrationMethod_;
-	}
-
-	inline const auto& dynPointStruct()const 
-	{
-		return dynPointStruct_;
-	}
-
 	inline auto& dynPointStruct()
 	{
 		return dynPointStruct_;
 	}
 
-	inline const auto& pStruct()const{
-		return dynPointStruct_.pStruct();
-	}
-
-	inline auto& pStruct(){
-		return dynPointStruct_.pStruct();
-	}
-
-	inline auto size()const{
-		return pStruct().size();
-	}
-
-	inline auto capacity() const{
-		return pStruct().capacity();
-	}
-
-	inline auto activePointsMaskD()const{
-		return pStruct().activePointsMaskD();
-	}
-
-	inline auto numActive()const
+	inline auto& pointPosition()
 	{
-		return pStruct().numActive();
+		return dynPointStruct_.pointPosition();
+	}
+
+	inline auto& idHandler()
+	{
+		return idHandler_();
 	}
 	
-	inline bool allActive()const{
-		return pStruct().allActive();
-	}
-
-	inline auto activeRange()const{
-		return pStruct().activeRange();
-	}
-
-	inline auto activePointsMaskH()const{
-		return pStruct().activePointsMaskH();
-	}
-
-	inline const auto& pointPosition()const{
-		return pStruct().pointPosition();
-	}
-
-	inline const auto& position()const
+	inline auto& shapeIndex()
 	{
-		return pStruct().pointPosition();	
+		return shapeIndex_;
 	}
 
-	inline const auto& pointVelocity()const{
-		return dynPointStruct().velocity();
+public:
+
+	// type info
+	TypeInfo("particles");
+
+	explicit particles(systemControl& control);
+
+	inline const auto& dynPointStruct() const
+	{
+		return dynPointStruct_;
 	}
 
-	inline const auto& velocity()const{
-		return dynPointStruct().velocity();
+	inline const pointStructure& pStruct() const
+	{
+		return dynPointStruct_;
 	}
 
-	inline const auto& id()const{
-		return id_;
+	inline const auto& simDomain() const
+	{
+		return dynPointStruct_.simDomain();
 	}
 
-	inline auto& id(){
-		return id_;
+	inline const auto& thisDomain() const
+	{
+		return dynPointStruct_.thisDomain();
 	}
 
-	inline const auto& diameter()const{
-		return diameter_;
+	inline const auto& extendedDomain() const
+	{
+		return dynPointStruct_.extendedDomain();
 	}
 
-	inline auto& diameter(){
-		return diameter_;
+	inline auto size() const
+	{
+		return dynPointStruct_.size();
 	}
 
-	inline const auto& mass()const{
-		return mass_;
+	inline auto capacity() const
+	{
+		return dynPointStruct_.capacity();
 	}
 
-	inline auto& mass()	{
-		return mass_;
+	inline auto numActive() const
+	{
+		return dynPointStruct_.numActive();
 	}
 
-	inline const auto& accelertion()const{
+	inline bool isAllActive() const
+	{
+		return dynPointStruct_.isAllActive();
+	}
+
+	inline const auto& pointPosition() const
+	{
+		return dynPointStruct_.pointPosition();
+	}
+
+	inline const auto& velocity() const
+	{
+		return dynPointStruct_.velocity();
+	}
+
+	inline const auto& accelertion() const
+	{
 		return accelertion_;
 	}
 
-	inline auto& accelertion(){
+	inline auto& accelertion()
+	{
 		return accelertion_;
 	}
 
+	inline auto& contactForce()
+	{
+		return contactForce_;
+	}
+
+	inline const auto& contactForce() const
+	{
+		return contactForce_;
+	}
+
+	inline auto& contactTorque()
+	{
+		return contactTorque_;
+	}
+
+	inline const auto& contactTorque() const
+	{
+		return contactTorque_;
+	}
+
 	inline 
-	realx3PointField_D& contactForce() 
+	uint maxId()const
 	{
-		return contactForce_;
+		return idHandler_().maxId();
 	}
 
-	inline
-	const realx3PointField_D& contactForce() const
-	{
-		return contactForce_;
-	}
+	bool         beforeIteration() override;
 
-	inline
-	realx3PointField_D& contactTorque()
-	{
-		return contactTorque_;
-	}
+	bool         iterate() override;
 
-	inline
-	const realx3PointField_D& contactTorque() const 
-	{
-		return contactTorque_;
-	}
+	bool         afterIteration() override;
 
-	inline const auto& propertyId()const{
-		return propertyId_;
-	}
+	virtual bool insertParticles(
+	  const realx3Vector& position,
+	  const wordVector&   shapesNames,
+	  const anyList&      setVarList
+	) = 0;
 
-	inline auto& propertyId(){
-		return propertyId_;
-	}
+	virtual const uint32PointField_D& propertyId() const = 0;
 
-	inline const auto& shapeName()const{
-		return shapeName_;
-	}
+	virtual const realPointField_D&   diameter() const = 0;
 
-	inline auto& shapName(){
-		return shapeName_;
-	}
+	virtual const realPointField_D&   mass() const = 0;
 
-	bool beforeIteration() override;
+	virtual realx3PointField_D&       rAcceleration() = 0;
 
-	virtual
-	bool insertParticles
-	(
-		const realx3Vector& position,
-	 	const wordVector&  shapes,
-	 	const setFieldList& setField
-	 ) = 0;
+	virtual const realx3PointField_D& rAcceleration() const = 0;
 
-	
+	virtual const realPointField_D&   boundingSphere() const = 0;
 
-	virtual
-	realx3PointField_D& rAcceleration() = 0;
+	virtual word                      shapeTypeName() const = 0;
 
-	virtual
-	const realx3PointField_D& rAcceleration() const = 0;
+	virtual const shape&              getShapes() const = 0;
 
-	virtual
-	const realVector_D& boundingSphere()const = 0;
-
-	virtual 
-	word shapeTypeName()const = 0;
-
-	virtual
-	void boundingSphereMinMax(real & minDiam, real& maxDiam)const = 0;
-
-	
+	virtual void boundingSphereMinMax(real& minDiam, real& maxDiam) const = 0;
 
 }; // particles
 
-} // pFlow
+} // namespace pFlow
 
 #endif //__particles_hpp__
diff --git a/src/Particles/particles/regularParticleIdHandler/regularParticleIdHandler.cpp b/src/Particles/particles/regularParticleIdHandler/regularParticleIdHandler.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b8a55aba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Particles/particles/regularParticleIdHandler/regularParticleIdHandler.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#include "regularParticleIdHandler.hpp"
+
+
+
+pFlow::regularParticleIdHandler::regularParticleIdHandler
+(
+    pointStructure& pStruct
+)
+:
+    particleIdHandler(pStruct)
+{
+    initialIdCheck();
+}
+
+pFlow::Pair<pFlow::uint32, pFlow::uint32> 
+    pFlow::regularParticleIdHandler::getIdRange(uint32 nNewParticles)
+{
+    
+    if(nNewParticles==0) return {0,0};
+
+    uint32 startId;
+    if(maxId_== static_cast<uint32>(-1))
+    {
+        startId = 0;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        startId = maxId_+1;
+    }
+    uint32 endId = startId+nNewParticles-1;
+    maxId_ = endId;
+    return {startId, endId};
+}
+
+bool pFlow::regularParticleIdHandler::initialIdCheck()
+{
+    /// empty point structure / no particles in simulation
+    if( pStruct().empty() ) return true;
+
+    uint32 maxId = max( *this );
+    
+    /// particles should get ids from 0 to size-1
+    if(maxId == static_cast<uint32>(-1))
+    {
+        fillSequence(*this,0u);
+        maxId_ = size()-1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        maxId_ = maxId;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/Particles/particles/regularParticleIdHandler/regularParticleIdHandler.hpp b/src/Particles/particles/regularParticleIdHandler/regularParticleIdHandler.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3e4f8b41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Particles/particles/regularParticleIdHandler/regularParticleIdHandler.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __regularParticleIdHandler_hpp__
+#define __regularParticleIdHandler_hpp__
+
+#include "particleIdHandler.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class regularParticleIdHandler
+:
+    public particleIdHandler
+{
+private:
+    
+    uint32 maxId_ = static_cast<uint32>(-1);
+
+  bool initialIdCheck()override; 
+public:
+
+    ClassInfo("particleIdHandler<regular>");
+    
+    explicit regularParticleIdHandler(pointStructure& pStruct);
+
+    ~regularParticleIdHandler()override = default;
+
+	add_vCtor
+	(
+		particleIdHandler,
+		regularParticleIdHandler,
+		pointStructure
+	);
+
+    Pair<uint32, uint32> getIdRange(uint32 nNewParticles)override;
+
+	uint32 maxId()const override
+	{
+		return maxId_;
+	}
+
+};
+
+}
+
+
+#endif //__regularParticleIdHandler_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Particles/particles/shape/baseShapeNames.cpp b/src/Particles/particles/shape/baseShapeNames.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eaef39cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Particles/particles/shape/baseShapeNames.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "baseShapeNames.hpp"
+
+bool pFlow::baseShapeNames::createHashNames()
+{
+	hashNames_.clear();
+	hashes_.clear();
+
+	std::hash<word> hasher;
+
+	uint32 i=0;
+	for(const auto& nm:shapeNames_)
+	{
+		if(!hashNames_.insertIf(nm, i))
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"  repeated name in the list of shape names: " << shapeNames_;
+			return false;
+		}
+		hashes_.push_back(hasher(nm));
+		i++;
+	}
+	hashNames_.rehash(0);
+	
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+bool pFlow::baseShapeNames::readFromDictionary1()
+{
+	
+	shapeNames_ = getVal<wordVector>("names");
+	numShapes_ = shapeNames_.size();
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+pFlow::baseShapeNames::baseShapeNames
+(
+    const word &fileName, 
+    repository *owner
+)
+:
+    fileDictionary
+    (
+        objectFile
+        (
+            fileName,
+            "",
+            objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
+            objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
+        ),
+        owner
+    )
+{
+	
+	if( !readFromDictionary1() )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+	if( !createHashNames())
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+}
+
+
+bool pFlow::baseShapeNames::writeToDict(dictionary &dict)const
+{
+	
+	if( !dict.add("names", shapeNames_) )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"  Error in writing names to dictionary "<< dict.globalName()<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::baseShapeNames::write(iOstream &os) const
+{
+	dictionary newDict(fileDictionary::dictionary::name(), true);
+
+	if( !writeToDict(newDict) )
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if( !newDict.write(os) )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<"Error in writing dictionary "<< globalName()<<
+		"to stream "<< os.name()<<endl; 
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/Particles/particles/shape/baseShapeNames.hpp b/src/Particles/particles/shape/baseShapeNames.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7e0a00c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Particles/particles/shape/baseShapeNames.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __baseShapeNames_hpp__
+#define __baseShapeNames_hpp__
+
+#include "fileDictionary.hpp"
+#include "Vectors.hpp"
+#include "hashMap.hpp"
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class repository;
+
+class baseShapeNames
+:
+	public fileDictionary
+{
+private:
+
+	size_t 				numShapes_ = 0;
+
+	// - hashed list of spheres names
+	wordHashMap<uint32> hashNames_;
+
+	/// list of shape names 
+	wordVector 			shapeNames_{"shapeNames"};
+
+	/// hash for names 
+	Vector<size_t> 		hashes_{"hashes"};
+	
+	bool createHashNames();
+
+	bool readFromDictionary1();	
+
+	using hasher 	= typename wordHashMap<uint32>::hasher;
+
+protected:
+
+	virtual
+	bool writeToDict(dictionary& dict)const;
+
+public:
+    
+    TypeInfo("baseShapeNames");
+
+	baseShapeNames(
+		const word& fileName,
+		repository* owner);
+
+    ~baseShapeNames() override=default;
+	
+
+    inline
+    const wordVector& shapeNames()const
+	{
+		return shapeNames_;
+	}
+
+	inline 
+	wordList shapeNameList()const
+	{
+		wordList wl;
+		wl.insert(wl.begin(), shapeNames_.begin(), shapeNames_.end());
+		return wl;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	const auto& hashes()const
+	{
+		return hashes_;
+	}
+
+    inline
+    size_t numShapes()const
+	{
+		return numShapes_;
+	}
+
+	// name to index
+	inline
+	bool shapeNameToIndex(const word& name, uint32& index)const
+	{
+		if(auto[iter, found] = hashNames_.findIf(name); found )
+		{
+			index = iter->second;
+			return true;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			index = 0;
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	inline
+	bool indexToShapeName(uint32 i, word& name)const
+	{
+		if( i < numShapes_)
+		{
+			name = shapeNames_[i];
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	inline bool hashToIndex(const size_t& hs, uint32& idx)
+	{
+		for(auto i=0; i<hashes_.size(); i++)
+		{
+			if(hashes_[i]==hs)
+			{
+				idx = i;
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		idx = static_cast<uint32>(-1);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	bool indexValid(uint32 index)const
+	{
+		return index < numShapes_;
+	}
+
+	// - IO
+
+    using fileDictionary::write;
+
+	bool write(iOstream& os)const override;
+
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif //__shapeNames_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Particles/particles/shape/shape.cpp b/src/Particles/particles/shape/shape.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bcf66e74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Particles/particles/shape/shape.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#include "shape.hpp"
+
+
+bool pFlow::shape::findPropertyIds()
+{	
+	shapePropertyIds_.resize(numShapes());
+
+	ForAll( i, materialNames_)
+	{	
+		if(uint32 propId; property_.nameToIndex(materialNames_[i], propId) )
+		{
+			shapePropertyIds_[i] = propId;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<"Material name "<< materialNames_[i]<< 
+			" is not valid in dictionary "<<globalName()<<endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::shape::readFromDictionary2()
+{
+
+	materialNames_ = getVal<wordVector>("materials");
+
+	if(materialNames_.size() != numShapes() )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"  number of elements in materials and names are not the same in "<< globalName()<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+pFlow::shape::shape
+(
+    const word &fileName, 
+    repository *owner, 
+    const property &prop
+)
+:
+   baseShapeNames(fileName,owner),
+    property_(prop)
+{
+	
+	if( !readFromDictionary2() )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+	if(!findPropertyIds())
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+}
+
+bool pFlow::shape::writeToDict(dictionary &dict)const
+{
+	if(!baseShapeNames::writeToDict(dict))return false;
+
+	if( !dict.add("materials", materialNames_) )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"  Error in writing materials to dictionary "<< dict.globalName()<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Particles/particles/shape/shape.hpp b/src/Particles/particles/shape/shape.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6a0f44b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Particles/particles/shape/shape.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __shape_hpp__
+#define __shape_hpp__
+
+#include "baseShapeNames.hpp"
+#include "property.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+
+class shape
+:
+	public baseShapeNames
+{
+private:
+
+	/// property of materials 
+  	const property& 	property_; 
+
+	/// list of property ids of shapes (index)
+	uint32Vector			shapePropertyIds_;
+
+	/// list of material names 
+	wordVector 			materialNames_;
+		
+	
+	bool findPropertyIds();
+
+	bool readFromDictionary2();	
+
+protected:
+
+	
+	bool writeToDict(dictionary& dict)const override;
+
+public:
+    
+    TypeInfo("shape");
+
+	shape(
+		const word& fileName,
+		repository* owner,
+		const property& prop);
+
+    ~shape() override=default;
+
+	inline 
+	const auto& properties()const
+	{
+		return property_;
+	}
+
+    
+	inline
+    const wordVector& materialNames()const
+	{
+		return materialNames_;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	const auto& shapePropertyIds()const
+	{
+		return shapePropertyIds_;
+	}
+
+    
+	
+    inline
+    bool shapeNameToPropId(const word& name, int8& propId)const
+	{	
+		if(uint32 index; shapeNameToIndex(name, index))
+		{
+			propId = shapePropertyIds_[index];
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	inline
+    bool propIdValid(uint32 propId)const
+	{
+		return static_cast<uint32>(propId) < property_.numMaterials();
+	}
+
+
+	inline
+    bool indexToDensity(uint32 index, real& rho)const
+	{
+		if(indexValid(index))
+			return property_.density(shapePropertyIds_[index], rho);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+    inline
+    real indexToDensity(uint32 index)const
+	{
+		if(indexValid(index))
+		{
+			return property_.density(shapePropertyIds_[index]);
+		}
+		
+		fatalExit;
+		return 0.0;
+	}
+
+	inline 
+	uint32 propertyId(uint32 index)const
+	{
+		if(indexValid(index))
+		{
+			return shapePropertyIds_[index];
+		}
+		fatalExit;
+		return 0.0;
+	}
+
+	virtual 
+    real maxBoundingSphere()const = 0;
+
+    virtual 
+    real minBoundingSphere()const = 0;
+
+    virtual 
+    bool boundingDiameter(uint32 index, real& bDiam)const =0;
+
+    virtual
+    real boundingDiameter(uint32 index)const = 0;
+
+	virtual
+	realVector boundingDiameter()const = 0;
+
+    virtual 
+    bool mass(uint32 index, real& m)const = 0;
+
+    virtual 
+    real mass(uint32 index) const =0;
+
+	virtual
+	realVector mass()const =0;
+
+	virtual
+	realVector density()const =0;
+
+    virtual 
+    bool Inertia(uint32 index, real& I)const = 0;
+
+    virtual
+    real Inertia(uint32 index)const = 0;
+
+	virtual 
+	realVector Inertia()const=0;
+
+    virtual 
+    bool Inertia_xx(uint32 index, real& Ixx)const = 0;
+
+    virtual
+    real Inertial_xx(uint32 index)const =0;
+	
+    virtual 
+    bool Inertia_yy(uint32 index, real& Iyy)const = 0;
+
+    virtual 
+    real Inertial_yy(uint32 index)const = 0;
+
+    virtual 
+    bool Inertia_zz(uint32 index, real& Izz)const = 0;
+
+    virtual 
+    real Inertial_zz(uint32 index)const = 0;
+
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif //__shape_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Property/property.cpp b/src/Property/property.cpp
index b2745e10..d6af1f47 100644
--- a/src/Property/property.cpp
+++ b/src/Property/property.cpp
@@ -18,55 +18,42 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
 #include "property.hpp"
 #include "dictionary.hpp"
 
-bool pFlow::property::readDictionary
-(
-	const dictionary& dict
-)
+bool pFlow::property::readDictionary()
 {
 	
-	materials_ = dict.getVal<wordVector>("materials");
+	materials_ = getVal<wordVector>("materials");
 	
-	densities_ = dict.getVal<realVector>("densities");
+	densities_ = getVal<realVector>("densities");
 
 	if(materials_.size() != densities_.size() )
 	{
 		fatalErrorInFunction<<
 		"  number of elements in material ("<<materials_.size()<<
 		") is not equal to number of elements in densities ("<<densities_.size()<<
-		") in dictionary "<< dict.globalName()<<endl;
+		") in dictionary "<< globalName()<<endl;
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	if(!makeNameIndex())
-	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"  error in dictionary "<< dict.globalName()<<endl;
-		return false;
-	}
 	return true;
 }
 
-bool pFlow::property::writeDictionary
-(
-	dictionary& dict
-)const
+bool pFlow::property::writeDictionary()
 {
 
-	if(!dict.add("materials", materials_))
+	if(!add("materials", materials_))
 	{
 		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"  error in writing materials to dictionary "<< dict.globalName()<<endl;
+		"  error in writing materials to dictionary "<< globalName()<<endl;
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	if(!dict.add("densities", densities_))
+	if(!add("densities", densities_))
 	{
 		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"  error in writing densities to dictionary "<< dict.globalName()<<endl;
+		"  error in writing densities to dictionary "<< globalName()<<endl;
 		return false;
 	}
 
@@ -77,79 +64,120 @@ bool pFlow::property::makeNameIndex()
 {
 	nameIndex_.clear();
 
+
 	uint32 i=0;
-	for(auto& nm:materials_)
+	for(auto const& nm:materials_)
 	{
-		if(!nameIndex_.insertIf(nm, i++))
+		if(!nameIndex_.insertIf(nm, i))
 		{
 			fatalErrorInFunction<<
 			"  repeated material name in the list of materials: " << materials_;
 			return false;
 		}
+		i++;
 	}
 	nameIndex_.rehash(0);
-	numMaterials_ = materials_.size();
+	numMaterials_ = static_cast<uint32>(materials_.size());
 	return true;
 }
 
 
 pFlow::property::property
 (
+	const word& fileName, 
 	const wordVector& materials,
-	const realVector& densities
+	const realVector& densities,
+	repository* owner
 )
 :
+	fileDictionary
+	(
+		objectFile
+		(
+			fileName,
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+			objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
+		),
+		owner
+	),
 	materials_(materials),
 	densities_(densities)
 {
+	
+	if(!writeDictionary())
+	{
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
 	if(!makeNameIndex())
 	{
 		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"  error in the input parameters of constructor. \n";
+		"error in the input parameters of constructor. \n";
 		fatalExit;
 	}
 }
 
 pFlow::property::property
 (
-const fileSystem& file
+	const word& fileName,
+	repository* owner
 )
 :
-	dict_
+	fileDictionary
 	(
-		makeUnique<dictionary>
-		("property", true)
-	)
-{
-	iFstream dictStream(file);
-
-	if(!dict_().read(dictStream))
-	{
-		ioErrorInFile(dictStream.name(), dictStream.lineNumber());
-		fatalExit;
-	}
-
-	if(!readDictionary(dict_()))
-	{
-		fatalExit;
-	}
-
-}
-
-pFlow::property::property
-(
-	const dictionary& dict
-)
-:
-	dict_
-	(
-		makeUnique<dictionary>(dict)
+		objectFile
+		(
+			fileName,
+			"",
+			objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
+			objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
+		),
+		owner
 	)
 {
 	
-	if(!readDictionary(dict_()))
+	if(!readDictionary())
 	{
 		fatalExit;
 	}
+
+	if(!makeNameIndex())
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"error in dictionary "<< globalName()<<endl;
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
 }
 
+pFlow::property::property
+(
+	const word &fileName, 
+	const fileSystem &dir
+)
+:
+	fileDictionary
+	(
+		objectFile
+		(
+			fileName,
+			dir,
+			objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
+			objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
+		),
+		nullptr
+	)
+{
+	if(!readDictionary())
+	{
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+	if(!makeNameIndex())
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"error in dictionary "<< globalName()<<endl;
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/Property/property.hpp b/src/Property/property.hpp
index e7633e8e..e7539b04 100644
--- a/src/Property/property.hpp
+++ b/src/Property/property.hpp
@@ -22,15 +22,12 @@ Licence:
 
 #include "Vectors.hpp"
 #include "hashMap.hpp"
-#include "fileSystem.hpp"
+#include "fileDictionary.hpp"
 #include "iFstream.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-// forward 
-class dictionary;
-
 /** 
  * property holds the pure properties of materials.
  * 
@@ -38,14 +35,13 @@ class dictionary;
  * used in the simulation: for walls and particles.  
  */
 class property
+:
+	public fileDictionary
 {
-protected:
+private:
 
 	// - protected data members
 
-		/// pointer to the dictionary, if it is constructed from a file/dictionary
-		uniquePtr<dictionary> dict_ = nullptr;
-
 		/// list of name of materials
 		wordVector 		materials_;
 
@@ -55,6 +51,7 @@ protected:
 		/// rapid mapping from name to index
 		wordHashMap<uint32>		nameIndex_;
 
+
 		/// number of materials
 		uint32 			numMaterials_ = 0;
 
@@ -62,10 +59,10 @@ protected:
 	// - protected member functions
 
 		/// read from dict
-		bool readDictionary(const dictionary& dict);
+		bool readDictionary();
 
 		/// write to dict
-		bool writeDictionary(dictionary& dict)const;
+		bool writeDictionary();
 
 		/// creates a mapp
 		bool makeNameIndex();
@@ -73,22 +70,24 @@ protected:
 public:
 
 	/// Type info
-	TypeInfoNV("property");
+	TypeInfo("property");
 
-	
 	// - Constructors 
 
-		/// Emptry constructor, used for reading from a file 
-		property(){}
+		explicit 
+		property(
+			const word& fileName, 
+			repository* owner=nullptr);
 
-		/// Constructe from materials and densities 
-		property(const wordVector& materials, const realVector& densities);
-
-		/// Construct from file
-		property(const fileSystem& file);	
-
-		/// Construct from dictionary dict
-		property(const dictionary& dict);
+		property(
+			const word& fileName,
+			const fileSystem& dir
+		);
+		
+		property(const word& fileName, 
+				const wordVector& materials,
+				const realVector& densities,
+				repository* owner=nullptr);
 
 		/// Default copy
 		property(const property& ) = default;
@@ -103,17 +102,11 @@ public:
 		property& operator= (property&&) = default;
 
 		/// Default destructor 
-		~property() = default;
+		~property() override = default;
 
 	
 	// - Methods 
 
-		/// Return dictionary
-		inline const auto& dict()const
-		{
-			return dict_();
-		}
-
 		/// Return number of materials 
 		inline auto numMaterials()const
 		{
@@ -189,21 +182,9 @@ public:
 				return false;
 			}	
 		}
+
+		
 		
-	//// - IO operatoins
-
-		/// Read from dictionary 
-		bool read(const dictionary& dict)
-		{
-			return readDictionary(dict);
-		}
-
-		/// Write to dictionary 
-		bool write(dictionary& dict)const
-		{
-			return writeDictionary(dict);
-		}
-
 };
 
 }
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/CMakeLists-old.txt b/src/phasicFlow/CMakeLists-old.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b6b68815
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/CMakeLists-old.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+
+list(APPEND SourceFiles 
+types/basicTypes/bTypesFunctions.cpp
+types/basicTypes/Logical.cpp
+types/types.cpp
+
+globals/error.cpp
+
+streams/token/tokenIO.cpp
+streams/token/token.cpp
+streams/iStream/IOstream.cpp
+streams/iStream/iIstream.cpp
+streams/iStream/iOstream.cpp
+streams/Stream/Istream.cpp
+streams/Stream/Ostream.cpp
+streams/Fstream/iFstream.cpp
+streams/Fstream/oFstream.cpp
+streams/Fstream/fileStream.cpp 
+streams/TStream/iTstream.cpp
+streams/TStream/oTstream.cpp
+streams/streams.cpp 
+
+dictionary/dictionary.cpp
+dictionary/entry/iEntry.cpp
+dictionary/entry/dataEntry.cpp 
+dictionary/twoPartEntry/twoPartEntry.cpp
+
+fileSystem/fileSystem.cpp
+
+commandLine/commandLine.cpp
+
+random/randomReal/randomReal.cpp
+random/randomReal/randomReals.cpp
+
+Timer/Timer.cpp
+Timer/Timers.cpp
+
+repository/Time/Time.cpp
+repository/Time/timeControl.cpp
+repository/systemControl/systemControl.cpp
+repository/systemControl/dynamicLinkLibs.cpp
+repository/repository/repository.cpp
+repository/IOobject/objectFile.cpp
+repository/IOobject/IOobject.cpp
+repository/IOobject/IOfileHeader.cpp
+
+structuredData/box/box.cpp
+structuredData/cells/cells.cpp
+structuredData/cylinder/cylinder.cpp
+structuredData/sphere/sphere.cpp
+structuredData/iBox/iBoxs.cpp
+structuredData/line/line.cpp
+structuredData/zAxis/zAxis.cpp
+structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure.cpp
+structuredData/pointStructure/mortonIndexing.cpp
+structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/pStructSelector/pStructSelector.cpp
+structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectBox/selectBox.cpp
+structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectRange/selectRange.cpp 
+structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectRandom/selectRandom.cpp
+structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/triSurface.cpp
+structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/multiTriSurface.cpp
+structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/stlFile.cpp
+structuredData/peakableRegion/sphereRegion/sphereRegion.cpp
+structuredData/peakableRegion/cylinderRegion/cylinderRegion.cpp
+structuredData/peakableRegion/boxRegion/boxRegion.cpp
+structuredData/peakableRegion/peakableRegion/peakableRegion.cpp
+structuredData/peakableRegion/peakableRegions.cpp
+
+containers/Vector/Vectors.cpp
+containers/Field/Fields.cpp
+containers/symArrayHD/symArrays.cpp
+containers/triSurfaceField/triSurfaceFields.cpp
+containers/bitsetHD/bitsetHDs.cpp
+containers/indexContainer/indexContainer.cpp
+
+setFieldList/setFieldList.cpp
+setFieldList/setFieldEntry.cpp
+
+eventSubscriber/eventSubscriber.cpp
+eventSubscriber/eventObserver.cpp)
+
+set(link_libs Kokkos::kokkos tbb)
+
+pFlow_add_library_install(phasicFlow SourceFiles link_libs)
+
+target_include_directories(phasicFlow PUBLIC ./Kokkos ./algorithms ./globals)
+
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/CMakeLists.txt b/src/phasicFlow/CMakeLists.txt
index b6b68815..eb50c1a7 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -5,83 +5,156 @@ types/basicTypes/Logical.cpp
 types/types.cpp
 
 globals/error.cpp
+globals/globalSettings.cpp
+
+processors/processors.cpp
+processors/localProcessors.cpp
+processors/pFlowProcessors.cpp
+processors/MPITimer.cpp
+
 
 streams/token/tokenIO.cpp
 streams/token/token.cpp
 streams/iStream/IOstream.cpp
-streams/iStream/iIstream.cpp
 streams/iStream/iOstream.cpp
-streams/Stream/Istream.cpp
+streams/iStream/iIstream.cpp
 streams/Stream/Ostream.cpp
-streams/Fstream/iFstream.cpp
-streams/Fstream/oFstream.cpp
-streams/Fstream/fileStream.cpp 
+streams/Stream/Istream.cpp
+streams/processorOstream/processorOstream.cpp
+streams/masterOstream/masterOstream.cpp
 streams/TStream/iTstream.cpp
 streams/TStream/oTstream.cpp
+streams/Fstream/iFstream.cpp
+streams/Fstream/oFstream.cpp
+streams/Fstream/fileStream.cpp
+streams/dataIO/dataIORegulars.cpp
 streams/streams.cpp 
 
+fileSystem/fileSystem.cpp
+
 dictionary/dictionary.cpp
+dictionary/fileDictionary.cpp
 dictionary/entry/iEntry.cpp
 dictionary/entry/dataEntry.cpp 
 dictionary/twoPartEntry/twoPartEntry.cpp
 
-fileSystem/fileSystem.cpp
+repository/IOobject/objectFile.cpp
+repository/IOobject/IOfileHeader.cpp
+repository/IOobject/IOobject.cpp
+repository/IOobject/IOPattern.cpp
+repository/repository/repository.cpp
+repository/Time/Time.cpp
+repository/Time/timeControl.cpp
+repository/Time/baseTimeControl.cpp
+repository/systemControl/systemControl.cpp
+repository/systemControl/dynamicLinkLibs.cpp
 
 commandLine/commandLine.cpp
 
-random/randomReal/randomReal.cpp
-random/randomReal/randomReals.cpp
+eventManagement/subscriber.cpp
+eventManagement/observer.cpp
+
+demComponent/demComponent.cpp
 
 Timer/Timer.cpp
 Timer/Timers.cpp
 
-repository/Time/Time.cpp
-repository/Time/timeControl.cpp
-repository/systemControl/systemControl.cpp
-repository/systemControl/dynamicLinkLibs.cpp
-repository/repository/repository.cpp
-repository/IOobject/objectFile.cpp
-repository/IOobject/IOobject.cpp
-repository/IOobject/IOfileHeader.cpp
-
-structuredData/box/box.cpp
-structuredData/cells/cells.cpp
-structuredData/cylinder/cylinder.cpp
-structuredData/sphere/sphere.cpp
-structuredData/iBox/iBoxs.cpp
-structuredData/line/line.cpp
-structuredData/zAxis/zAxis.cpp
-structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure.cpp
-structuredData/pointStructure/mortonIndexing.cpp
-structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/pStructSelector/pStructSelector.cpp
-structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectBox/selectBox.cpp
-structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectRange/selectRange.cpp 
-structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectRandom/selectRandom.cpp
-structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/triSurface.cpp
-structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/multiTriSurface.cpp
-structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/stlFile.cpp
-structuredData/peakableRegion/sphereRegion/sphereRegion.cpp
-structuredData/peakableRegion/cylinderRegion/cylinderRegion.cpp
-structuredData/peakableRegion/boxRegion/boxRegion.cpp
-structuredData/peakableRegion/peakableRegion/peakableRegion.cpp
-structuredData/peakableRegion/peakableRegions.cpp
 
 containers/Vector/Vectors.cpp
+containers/VectorHD/wordVectorHost.cpp
+containers/VectorHD/VectorSingles.cpp
 containers/Field/Fields.cpp
 containers/symArrayHD/symArrays.cpp
+containers/List/anyList/anyList.cpp
+
+structuredData/zAxis/zAxis.cpp
+structuredData/box/box.cpp
+structuredData/sphere/sphere.cpp
+structuredData/cylinder/cylinder.cpp
+structuredData/peakableRegion/geometricRegion/geometricRegions.cpp
+structuredData/peakableRegion/PeakableRegion/PeakableRegions.cpp
+structuredData/peakableRegion/peakableRegion/peakableRegion.cpp
+
+structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/internalPointsKernels.cpp
+structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/internalPoints.cpp
+
+structuredData/line/line.cpp
+structuredData/infinitePlane/infinitePlane.cpp
+structuredData/plane/plane.cpp
+structuredData/domain/domain.cpp
+structuredData/domain/simulationDomain.cpp
+structuredData/domain/regularSimulationDomain.cpp
+structuredData/boundaries/boundaryBase/boundaryBase.cpp
+structuredData/boundaries/boundaryBase/boundaryBaseKernels.cpp
+structuredData/boundaries/boundaryExit/boundaryExit.cpp
+structuredData/boundaries/boundaryNone/boundaryNone.cpp
+structuredData/boundaries/boundaryPeriodic/boundaryPeriodic.cpp
+structuredData/boundaries/boundaryReflective/boundaryReflective.cpp
+structuredData/boundaries/boundaryList.cpp
+structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pointStructure.cpp
+structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/pStructSelector/pStructSelector.cpp
+structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectorStridedRange/selectorStridedRange.cpp 
+structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectorRandomPoints/selectorRandomPoints.cpp
+structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectBox/selectBox.cpp
+structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectorGeometric/selectorGeometrics.cpp
+structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pointSorting/mortonIndexing.cpp
+structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pointSorting/pointSorting.cpp
+
+triSurface/subSurface.cpp
+triSurface/triSurface.cpp
+triSurface/multiTriSurface.cpp
+
+containers/pointField/boundaryField/generalBoundary/generalBoundary.cpp
+containers/pointField/pointField/pointFields.cpp
 containers/triSurfaceField/triSurfaceFields.cpp
-containers/bitsetHD/bitsetHDs.cpp
-containers/indexContainer/indexContainer.cpp
 
 setFieldList/setFieldList.cpp
 setFieldList/setFieldEntry.cpp
 
-eventSubscriber/eventSubscriber.cpp
-eventSubscriber/eventObserver.cpp)
+)
 
+set(link_libs)
 set(link_libs Kokkos::kokkos tbb)
+	
 
-pFlow_add_library_install(phasicFlow SourceFiles link_libs)
 
-target_include_directories(phasicFlow PUBLIC ./Kokkos ./algorithms ./globals)
+if(pFlow_Build_MPI)
+
+	set(Zoltan_Install_DIR)
+	if(DEFINED ENV{Zoltan_DIR})
+	   set(Zoltan_Install_DIR $ENV{Zoltan_DIR})
+	else()
+	  set(Zoltan_Install_DIR $ENV{HOME}/PhasicFlow/Zoltan)
+	endif()
+	message(STATUS "Zoltan install directory is ${Zoltan_Install_DIR}")
+
+	set(ZOLTAN_PREFIX "${Zoltan_Install_DIR}" CACHE STRING "Zoltan install directory")
+
+	find_path(ZOLTAN_INCLUDE_DIR zoltan.h PATHS "${ZOLTAN_PREFIX}/include")
+
+	message(STATUS "Zoltan include path: ${ZOLTAN_INCLUDE_DIR}")
+
+	find_library(ZOLTAN_LIBRARY zoltan PATHS "${ZOLTAN_PREFIX}/lib")
+	message(STATUS "Zoltan lib path: ${ZOLTAN_LIBRARY}")
+	
+	list(APPEND SourceFiles
+	MPIParallelization/domain/partitioning/partitioning.cpp 
+	MPIParallelization/domain/partitioning/rcb1DPartitioning.cpp
+	MPIParallelization/domain/MPISimulationDomain.cpp
+    MPIParallelization/dataIOMPI/dataIOMPIs.cpp
+    MPIParallelization/MPI/procCommunication.cpp
+    MPIParallelization/MPI/scatteredMasterDistributeChar.cpp
+	MPIParallelization/pointStructure/boundaries/boundaryProcessor.cpp
+	MPIParallelization/pointField/processorBoundaryFields.cpp
+	)
+	
+	list(APPEND link_libs MPI::MPI_CXX ${ZOLTAN_LIBRARY} -lm )
+	pFlow_add_library_install(phasicFlow SourceFiles link_libs)
+	target_include_directories(phasicFlow PUBLIC ./globals ${ZOLTAN_INCLUDE_DIR})
+
+else()
+	pFlow_add_library_install(phasicFlow SourceFiles link_libs)
+	target_include_directories(phasicFlow PUBLIC ./globals)
+endif()
+
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/KokkosTypes.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/KokkosTypes.hpp
index 4f59872f..c902abef 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/KokkosTypes.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/KokkosTypes.hpp
@@ -2,149 +2,161 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
 #ifndef __KokkosTypes_hpp__
 #define __KokkosTypes_hpp__
 
+/**
+ *  \file KokkosType.hpp
+ *
+ * 	\brief name aliases and typedesf for Kokkos entities that are
+ * frequently used in PhasicFlow.
+ *
+ */
 
 #include <Kokkos_Core.hpp>
 #include <Kokkos_DualView.hpp>
 #include <Kokkos_UnorderedMap.hpp>
 
-#include "iOstream.hpp"
-
+#include "builtinTypes.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-class DeviceSide{};
-class HostSide{};
+/// Host memory space
+using HostSpace = Kokkos::HostSpace;
 
-template<typename side>
-struct selectSide{};
-
-using HostSpace 					= Kokkos::HostSpace;
-using Serial 						= Kokkos::Serial;
+/// Serial execution space
+using Serial = Kokkos::Serial;
 
 #ifdef _OPENMP
-using OpenMP 						= Kokkos::OpenMP;
+/// OpenMp execution space
+using OpenMP = Kokkos::OpenMP;
 #endif
 
-using DefaultHostExecutionSpace 	= Kokkos::DefaultHostExecutionSpace;
-using DefaultExecutionSpace 		= Kokkos::DefaultExecutionSpace;
-
-
-
-template<typename T1, typename T2>
-	using kPair = Kokkos::pair<T1,T2>;
-
-template<typename T>
-	using kRange = kPair<T,T>;
-
-using range = kRange<int>;
-
-using range64 = kRange<int long>;
-
-template<typename T, typename... properties>
-	using ViewTypeScalar = Kokkos::View<T,properties...>;
-
-template<typename T, typename... properties>
-	using ViewType1D = Kokkos::View<T*,properties...>;
-
-template<typename T, typename... properties>
-	using DualViewType1D = Kokkos::DualView<T*,properties...>;
-
-template<typename T, typename... properties>
-	using ViewType3D = Kokkos::View<T***,properties...>;
-
-template<typename Key, typename Value, typename... properties>
-	using unorderedMap = Kokkos::UnorderedMap<Key, Value, properties...>;
-
-template<typename Key, typename... properties>
-	using unorderedSet = Kokkos::UnorderedMap<Key, void, properties...>;
-
-template<typename Key, typename Value>
-	using deviceHashMap= Kokkos::UnorderedMap<Key, Value>;
-
-template<typename Key, typename Value>
-	using hostHashMap= Kokkos::UnorderedMap<Key, Value, Kokkos::HostSpace>;
-
-template<typename Key>
-	using deviceHashSet= Kokkos::UnorderedMap<Key, void>;
-
-template<typename Key>
-	using hostHashSet  = Kokkos::UnorderedMap<Key,void, Kokkos::HostSpace>;
-
-// a 1D array (vector) with default device (memory space and execution space)
-template<typename T>
-	using deviceViewTypeScalar = Kokkos::View<T>;
-
-template<typename T>
-	using deviceViewType1D = Kokkos::View<T*>;
-
-template<typename T, typename Layout=void>
-	using deviceViewType2D = Kokkos::View<T**,Layout, void>;
-
-
-// a 1D array (vector with host memeory space)
-template<typename T>
-	using hostViewTypeScalar = Kokkos::View<T, Kokkos::HostSpace>;
-
-template<typename T>
-	using hostViewType1D = Kokkos::View<T*, Kokkos::HostSpace>;
-
-template<typename T, typename Layout=void>
-	using hostViewType2D = Kokkos::View<T**,Layout, Kokkos::HostSpace>;
-
-
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-using Cuda 							= Kokkos::Cuda;
-template<typename T>
-	using cudaViewTypeScalar = Kokkos::View<T, Kokkos::CudaSpace>;
-
-template<typename T>
-	using cudaViewType1D = Kokkos::View<T*, Kokkos::CudaSpace>;
-
-template<typename T, typename Layout=void>
-	using cudaViewType2D = Kokkos::View<T*,Layout, Kokkos::CudaSpace>;
+/// Cuda execution space
+using Cuda = Kokkos::Cuda;
 #endif
 
+/// Default Host execution space, on top of all host execution spaces
+using DefaultHostExecutionSpace = Kokkos::DefaultHostExecutionSpace;
+
+/// Default execution space, it can be device exe. space, if a device space is
+/// activated.
+using DefaultExecutionSpace = Kokkos::DefaultExecutionSpace;
+
+using deviceRPolicyStatic = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
+  Kokkos::DefaultExecutionSpace,
+  Kokkos::Schedule<Kokkos::Static>,
+  Kokkos::IndexType<pFlow::uint32>>;
+
+using hostRPolicyStatic = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
+  Kokkos::DefaultExecutionSpace,
+  Kokkos::Schedule<Kokkos::Static>,
+  Kokkos::IndexType<pFlow::uint32>>;
+
+using deviceRPolicyDynamic = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
+  Kokkos::DefaultExecutionSpace,
+  Kokkos::Schedule<Kokkos::Dynamic>,
+  Kokkos::IndexType<pFlow::uint32>>;
+
+using hostRPolicyDynamic = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
+  Kokkos::DefaultExecutionSpace,
+  Kokkos::Schedule<Kokkos::Dynamic>,
+  Kokkos::IndexType<pFlow::uint32>>;
+
+/// Pair of two variables
+template<typename T1, typename T2>
+using Pair = Kokkos::pair<T1, T2>;
+
+/// View for a scalar
+template<typename T, typename... properties>
+using ViewTypeScalar = Kokkos::View<T, properties...>;
+
+/// 1D veiw as a vector
+template<typename T, typename... properties>
+using ViewType1D = Kokkos::View<T*, properties...>;
+
+/// 2D view as an array
+template<typename T, typename... properties>
+using ViewType2D = Kokkos::View<T**, properties...>;
+
+/// 3D view as an array
+template<typename T, typename... properties>
+using ViewType3D = Kokkos::View<T***, properties...>;
+
+/// 1D dual view as a vector
+template<typename T, typename... properties>
+using DualViewType1D = Kokkos::DualView<T*, properties...>;
+
+/// unordered map
+template<typename Key, typename Value, typename... properties>
+using unorderedMap = Kokkos::UnorderedMap<Key, Value, properties...>;
+
+/// unordered set
+template<typename Key, typename... properties>
+using unorderedSet = Kokkos::UnorderedMap<Key, void, properties...>;
+
+/// Scalar on device
+template<typename T>
+using deviceViewTypeScalar = Kokkos::View<T>;
+
+/// 1D array (vector) with default device (memory space and execution space)
+template<typename T>
+using deviceViewType1D = Kokkos::View<T*>;
+
+/// 2D view on device as an array on device
+template<typename T, typename Layout = void>
+using deviceViewType2D = Kokkos::View<T**, Layout, void>;
+
+/// 3D view on device as an array on device
+template<typename T, typename Layout = void>
+using deviceViewType3D = Kokkos::View<T***, Layout, void>;
 
 template<typename T>
-using deviceAtomicViewType1D = 
-    Kokkos::View<
-		T*,
-		Kokkos::MemoryTraits<std::is_same<DefaultExecutionSpace,Serial>::value?0:Kokkos::Atomic>>;
+using hostViewTypeScalar = Kokkos::View<T, Kokkos::HostSpace>;
 
+/// 1D array (vector with host memeory space)
 template<typename T>
-using deviceAtomicViewType3D =
-	Kokkos::View<
-	T***,
-	Kokkos::MemoryTraits<std::is_same<DefaultExecutionSpace,Serial>::value?0:Kokkos::Atomic>>;
+using hostViewType1D = Kokkos::View<T*, Kokkos::HostSpace>;
 
+/// 2D array on host
+template<typename T, typename Layout = void>
+using hostViewType2D = Kokkos::View<T**, Layout, Kokkos::HostSpace>;
+
+/// 3D array on host
+template<typename T, typename Layout = void>
+using hostViewType3D = Kokkos::View<T***, Layout, Kokkos::HostSpace>;
+
+/// 1D vector on device with atomic capabilities
 template<typename T>
-iOstream& operator <<(iOstream& os, const kRange<T>& rng)
-{
-	os<<"["<<rng.first<<" "<<rng.second<<")";
-	return os;
-}
+using deviceAtomicViewType1D = Kokkos::View<
+  T*,
+  Kokkos::MemoryTraits<
+    std::is_same_v<DefaultExecutionSpace, Serial> ? 0 : Kokkos::Atomic>>;
 
+/// 3D array on device with atomic capabilities
+template<typename T>
+using deviceAtomicViewType3D = Kokkos::View<
+  T***,
+  Kokkos::MemoryTraits<
+    std::is_same_v<DefaultExecutionSpace, Serial> ? 0 : Kokkos::Atomic>>;
 
 } // pFlow
 
-#endif  //__KokkosTypes_hpp__
+#endif //__KokkosTypes_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/KokkosUtilities.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/KokkosUtilities.hpp
index 34e6aa2f..7669ba1f 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/KokkosUtilities.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/KokkosUtilities.hpp
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
@@ -21,110 +21,205 @@ Licence:
 #ifndef __KokkosUtilities_hpp__
 #define __KokkosUtilities_hpp__
 
-
 #include "KokkosTypes.hpp"
+#include "dataIO.hpp"
+#include "iOstream.hpp"
 #include "pFlowMacros.hpp"
+#include "span.hpp"
 #include "types.hpp"
 
-
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
 template<typename ExecutionSpace>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-bool constexpr isHostAccessible()
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H bool constexpr isHostAccessible()
 {
-	return Kokkos::SpaceAccessibility<ExecutionSpace,HostSpace>::accessible;
+	return Kokkos::SpaceAccessibility<ExecutionSpace, HostSpace>::accessible;
 }
 
+template<typename ExecutionSpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H bool constexpr isDeviceAccessible()
+{
+	return Kokkos::SpaceAccessibility<
+	  ExecutionSpace,
+	  DefaultExecutionSpace::memory_space>::accessible;
+}
+
+/// Is MemoerySpace accessible from ExecutionSpace
 template<typename ExecutionSpace, typename MemoerySpace>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-bool constexpr areAccessible()
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H bool constexpr areAccessible()
 {
-	return Kokkos::SpaceAccessibility<ExecutionSpace,MemoerySpace>::accessible;
+	return Kokkos::SpaceAccessibility<ExecutionSpace, MemoerySpace>::accessible;
 }
 
-template <
-	typename Type,
-	typename... Properties>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-void realloc( ViewType1D<Type,Properties...>& view, int32 len)
+template<typename Type, typename... Properties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H void
+reallocInit(ViewType1D<Type, Properties...>& view, uint32 len)
 {
-	Kokkos::realloc(view, len);
+	Kokkos::realloc(Kokkos::WithoutInitializing, view, len);
 }
 
-template <
-	typename Type,
-	typename... Properties>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-void reallocNoInit(ViewType1D<Type,Properties...>& view, int32 len)
+template<typename Type, typename... Properties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H void
+reallocNoInit(ViewType1D<Type, Properties...>& view, uint32 len)
 {
-	using ViewType = ViewType1D<Type,Properties...>;
-	word vl = view.label();
-	view = ViewType();  // Deallocate first
-  	view = ViewType( 
-  		Kokkos::view_alloc(
-  			Kokkos::WithoutInitializing,
-  			vl), 
-  		len);
+	Kokkos::realloc(Kokkos::WithoutInitializing, view, len);
 }
 
-template <
-	typename Type,
-	typename... Properties>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-void reallocFill( ViewType1D<Type,Properties...>& view, int32 len, Type val)
+template<typename Type, typename... Properties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H void
+reallocFill(ViewType1D<Type, Properties...>& view, uint32 len, Type val)
 {
 	reallocNoInit(view, len);
 	Kokkos::deep_copy(view, val);
 }
 
+template<typename Type, typename... Properties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H void
+reallocInit(ViewType2D<Type, Properties...>& view, uint32 len1, uint32 len2)
+{
+	Kokkos::realloc(view, len1, len2);
+}
 
-template <
-	typename Type,
-	typename... Properties>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-void realloc( ViewType3D<Type,Properties...>& view, int32 len1, int32 len2, int32 len3)
+template<typename Type, typename... Properties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H void
+reallocNoInit(ViewType2D<Type, Properties...>& view, uint32 len1, uint32 len2)
+{
+	Kokkos::realloc(Kokkos::WithoutInitializing, view, len1, len2);
+}
+
+template<typename Type, typename... Properties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H void
+reallocFill(
+  ViewType2D<Type, Properties...>& view,
+  uint32                           len1,
+  uint32                           len2,
+  Type                             val
+)
+{
+	reallocNoInit(view, len1, len2);
+	Kokkos::deep_copy(view, val);
+}
+
+template<typename Type, typename... Properties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H void
+reallocInit(
+  ViewType3D<Type, Properties...>& view,
+  uint32                           len1,
+  uint32                           len2,
+  uint32                           len3
+)
 {
 	Kokkos::realloc(view, len1, len2, len3);
 }
 
-template <
-	typename Type,
-	typename... Properties>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-void reallocNoInit(ViewType3D<Type,Properties...>& view, int32 len1, int32 len2, int32 len3)
+template<typename Type, typename... Properties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H void
+reallocNoInit(
+  ViewType3D<Type, Properties...>& view,
+  uint32                           len1,
+  uint32                           len2,
+  uint32                           len3
+)
 {
-	using ViewType = ViewType3D<Type,Properties...>;
-	word vl = view.label();
-	view = ViewType();  // Deallocate first
-  	view = ViewType( 
-  		Kokkos::view_alloc(
-  			Kokkos::WithoutInitializing,
-  			vl), 
-  		len1, len2, len3);
+	Kokkos::realloc(Kokkos::WithoutInitializing, view, len1, len2, len3);
 }
 
-template <
-	typename Type,
-	typename... Properties>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-void reallocFill( ViewType3D<Type,Properties...>& view, int32 len1, int32 len2, int32 len3, Type val)
+template<typename Type, typename... Properties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H void
+reallocFill(
+  ViewType3D<Type, Properties...>& view,
+  uint32                           len1,
+  uint32                           len2,
+  uint32                           len3,
+  Type                             val
+)
 {
 	reallocNoInit(view, len1, len2, len3);
 	Kokkos::deep_copy(view, val);
 }
 
+template<typename Type, typename... Properties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H void
+resizeInit(ViewType1D<Type, Properties...>& view, uint32 newLen)
+{
+	Kokkos::resize(view, newLen);
+}
+
+template<typename Type, typename... Properties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H void
+resizeNoInit(ViewType1D<Type, Properties...>& view, uint32 newLen)
+{
+	Kokkos::resize(Kokkos::WithoutInitializing, view, newLen);
+}
 
 template<typename ViewType>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-void swapViews(ViewType& v1, ViewType &v2)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H void
+swapViews(ViewType& v1, ViewType& v2)
 {
-	auto tmp = v1;
-	v1 = v2;
-	v2 = tmp;
+	static_assert(
+	  std::is_move_assignable_v<ViewType> &&
+	    std::is_move_constructible_v<ViewType>,
+	  "swapViews arguments must be move assignable and move constructible"
+	);
+
+	ViewType tmp = std::move(v1);
+	v1           = std::move(v2);
+	v2           = std::move(tmp);
+}
+
+template<typename T1, typename T2>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H iOstream&
+operator<<(iOstream& os, const Pair<T1, T2>& p)
+{
+	os << '(' << p.first << " " << p.second << ')';
+	return os;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename... properties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H span<T>
+                  makeSpan(ViewType1D<T, properties...>& v)
+{
+	return span<T>(v.data(), v.size());
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename... properties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H span<T>
+                  makeSpan(ViewType1D<T, properties...>& v, uint32 size)
+{
+	return span<T>(v.data(), size);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename... properties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H span<T>
+                  makeSpan(const ViewType1D<T, properties...>& v)
+{
+	return span<T>(const_cast<T*>(v.data()), v.size());
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename... properties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H span<T>
+                  makeSpan(const ViewType1D<T, properties...>& v, uint32 size)
+{
+	return span<T>(const_cast<T*>(v.data()), size);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename... properties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H iOstream&
+operator<<(iOstream& os, const ViewType1D<T, properties...>& v)
+{
+	using ExSpace = typename ViewType1D<T, properties...>::execution_space;
+
+	static_assert(
+	  isHostAccessible<ExSpace>(), "View memory is not accessible from Host"
+	);
+
+	span<T> spn(v.data(), v.size());
+	os << spn;
+
+	return os;
 }
 
 } // pFlow
 
-#endif  //__KokkosUtilities_hpp__
+#endif //__KokkosUtilities_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/Range.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/Range.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cbdd385d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/Range.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __Range_hpp__
+#define __Range_hpp__
+
+#include <Kokkos_Core.hpp>
+
+#include "builtinTypes.hpp"
+#include "iOstream.hpp"
+#include "pFlowMacros.hpp"
+#include "typeInfo.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+/**
+ * Range for elements in an vector [start,end)
+ *
+ */
+template<typename T>
+struct Range : public Kokkos::pair<T, T>
+{
+	using Pair = Kokkos::pair<T, T>;
+
+	TypeInfoTemplateNV11("Range", T)
+
+	  //// - Constructors
+
+	  /// Default
+	  INLINE_FUNCTION_HD Range() = default;
+
+	/// From end, set start to 0
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	explicit Range(const T& e)
+	  : Range(0, e)
+	{
+	}
+
+	/// From componeents
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	Range(const T& s, const T& e)
+	  : Range::Pair(s, e)
+	{
+	}
+
+	/// From pair
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	Range(const Range::Pair& src)
+	  : Range::Pair(src)
+	{
+	}
+
+	/// Copy
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	Range(const Range&) = default;
+
+	/// Move
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	Range(Range&&) = default;
+
+	/// Copy assignment
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	Range& operator=(const Range&) = default;
+
+	/// Move assignment
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	Range& operator=(Range&&) = default;
+
+	/// Destructor
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	~Range() = default;
+
+	//// - Methods
+
+	/// Start
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	T& start()
+	{
+		return this->first;
+	}
+
+	/// End
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	T& end()
+	{
+		return this->second;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	const T& start() const
+	{
+		return this->first;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	const T& end() const
+	{
+		return this->second;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	T numElements()
+	{
+		return end() - start();
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	auto getPair() const
+	{
+		return Pair(this->first, this->second);
+	}
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H iOstream&
+operator<<(iOstream& os, const Range<T>& rng)
+{
+	os << "[" << rng.start() << " " << rng.end() << ")";
+	return os;
+}
+
+using range32 = Range<int32>;
+
+using range64 = Range<int64>;
+
+using rangeU32 = Range<uint32>;
+
+using rangeU64 = Range<uint64>;
+
+} // pFlow
+
+#endif //__KokkosTypes_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/ViewAlgorithms.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/ViewAlgorithms.hpp
index 2e94cc3c..28e32abd 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/ViewAlgorithms.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/ViewAlgorithms.hpp
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
@@ -21,364 +21,279 @@ Licence:
 #ifndef __ViewAlgorithms_hpp__
 #define __ViewAlgorithms_hpp__
 
-
-#include "numericConstants.hpp"
 #include "KokkosUtilities.hpp"
+#include "Range.hpp"
+#include "numericConstants.hpp"
+
+#include "cudaAlgorithms.hpp"
 #include "kokkosAlgorithms.hpp"
 #include "stdAlgorithms.hpp"
-#include "cudaAlgorithms.hpp"
-
 
 namespace pFlow
-{ 	
-
-inline const size_t maxSizeToSerial__ = 64;
-
-template<typename T, typename... properties>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-int32 count(
-	const ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
-	int32 start,
-	int32 end,
-	const T& val)
 {
-	using ExecutionSpace = typename ViewType1D<T, properties...>::execution_space;
-	
-	int32 numElems = end-start;
-
-	if constexpr( isHostAccessible<ExecutionSpace>())
-	{
-		if(numElems<maxSizeToSerial__)
-		{
-			return pFlow::algorithms::STD::count<T,false>(
-				view.data()+start,
-				numElems,
-				val);
-		}
-	}
-
-	return  pFlow::algorithms::KOKKOS::count<T, ExecutionSpace>(
-			view.data()+start,
-			numElems,
-			val);
-}	
-
 template<typename T, typename... properties>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-void fill
-(
-	ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
-	range span,
-	T val
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H uint32
+count(
+  const ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
+  uint32                              start,
+  uint32                              end,
+  const T&                            val
 )
 {
-	using ExecutionSpace = typename ViewType1D<T, properties...>::execution_space;
+	using ExecutionSpace =
+	  typename ViewType1D<T, properties...>::execution_space;
 
+	uint32 numElems = end - start;
 
-	if constexpr( isHostAccessible<ExecutionSpace>())
+	return pFlow::algorithms::KOKKOS::count<T, ExecutionSpace>(
+	  view.data() + start, numElems, val
+	);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename... properties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H void
+fill(ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view, rangeU32 span, T val)
+{
+	using exe_space = typename ViewType1D<T, properties...>::execution_space;
+	auto subV       = Kokkos::subview(view, span.getPair());
+	if constexpr (std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T>)
 	{
-		int32 numElems = span.second-span.first;
-		if( numElems<maxSizeToSerial__)
+		Kokkos::deep_copy(subV, val);
+	}
+	else if constexpr (isHostAccessible<exe_space>())
+	{
+		for (auto i = span.start(); i < span.end(); i++)
 		{
-			pFlow::algorithms::STD::fill<T,false>(
-				view.data()+span.first,
-				numElems,
-				val);
-			return;
+			view[i] = val;
 		}
 	}
+	else
+	{
+		static_assert("fill is not valid for non-trivially-copyable data type");
+	}
+}
 
-	auto subV = Kokkos::subview(view, span);
+template<typename T, typename... properties>
+void
+fill(ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view, uint32 start, uint32 end, T val)
+{
+	fill(view, rangeU32(start, end), val);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename... properties>
+void
+fill(
+  ViewType3D<T, properties...>& view,
+  rangeU32                      range1,
+  rangeU32                      range2,
+  rangeU32                      range3,
+  const T&                      val
+)
+{
+	static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T>, "Not valid type for fill");
+	auto subV = Kokkos::subview(view, range1, range2, range3);
 	Kokkos::deep_copy(subV, val);
 }
 
 template<typename T, typename... properties>
-void fill
-(
-	ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
-	int32 start,
-	int32 end,
-	T val
+void
+fill(ViewType3D<T, properties...>& view, const T& val)
+{
+	static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T>, "Not valid type for fill");
+	Kokkos::deep_copy(view, val);
+}
+
+template<typename Type, typename... properties>
+void
+fillSequence(
+  ViewType1D<Type, properties...>& view,
+  uint32                           start,
+  uint32                           end,
+  const Type                       startVal
 )
 {
-	fill(view, range(start,end),val);
-}
-
-template<
-	typename Type,
-	typename... properties>
-void fillSequence(
-	ViewType1D<Type, properties...>& view,
-	int32 start,
-	int32 end,
-	const Type startVal
-	)
-{
-
-	using ExecutionSpace = typename ViewType1D<Type, properties...>::execution_space;
-	int32 numElems = end-start;
-
-	if constexpr( isHostAccessible<ExecutionSpace>())
-	{
-		if(numElems<maxSizeToSerial__)
-		{ 
-			pFlow::algorithms::STD::fillSequence<Type,false>(
-				view.data()+start,
-				numElems,
-				startVal);
-			return ;
-		}
-	}
+	static_assert(
+	  std::is_trivially_copyable_v<Type>, "Not valid type for fill"
+	);
+	using ExecutionSpace =
+	  typename ViewType1D<Type, properties...>::execution_space;
+	uint32 numElems = end - start;
 
 	pFlow::algorithms::KOKKOS::fillSequence<Type, ExecutionSpace>(
-			view.data()+start,
-			numElems,
-			startVal);
+	  view.data() + start, numElems, startVal
+	);
 
-	return ;
+	return;
 }
 
-
 template<
-	typename Type,
-	typename... properties,
-	typename indexType,
-	typename... indexProperties>
-bool fillSelected(
-	ViewType1D<Type, properties...> view,
-	const ViewType1D<indexType, indexProperties...> indices,
-	const int32 numElems,
-	const Type val,
-	typename std::enable_if_t<
-		areAccessible<
-			typename ViewType1D<Type, properties...>::execution_space,
-			typename ViewType1D<indexType, indexProperties...>::memory_space>(),
-		bool> = true )
+  typename Type,
+  typename... properties,
+  typename indexType,
+  typename... indexProperties>
+bool
+fillSelected(
+  ViewType1D<Type, properties...>           view,
+  ViewType1D<indexType, indexProperties...> indices,
+  uint32                                    numElems,
+  Type                                      val
+)
 {
+	static_assert(
+	  std::is_trivially_copyable_v<Type>, "Not valid type for fillSelected"
+	);
+	static_assert(
+	  areAccessible<
+	    typename ViewType1D<Type, properties...>::execution_space,
+	    typename ViewType1D<indexType, indexProperties...>::memory_space>(),
+	  "In fillSelected, arguments view and indices must have similar spaces"
+	);
 
-	using ExecutionSpace = typename ViewType1D<Type, properties...>::execution_space;
-	
-	if constexpr( isHostAccessible<ExecutionSpace>())
-	{
-		if(numElems<maxSizeToSerial__)
-		{ 
-			pFlow::algorithms::STD::fillSelected<Type,indexType,false>(
-				view.data(),
-				indices.data(),
-				numElems,
-				val);
-			return true;
-		}
-	}
+	using ExSpace = typename ViewType1D<Type, properties...>::execution_space;
+	using policy  = Kokkos::RangePolicy<ExSpace, Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>>;
 
-	pFlow::algorithms::KOKKOS::fillSelected<Type, indexType, ExecutionSpace>(
-			view.data(),
-			indices.data(),
-			numElems,
-			val);
+	Kokkos::parallel_for(
+	  "ViewAlgorithms::fillSelected",
+	  policy(0, numElems),
+	  LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){
+	    // view[indices[i]]= val;
+	  }
+	);
+	Kokkos::fence();
 
 	return true;
 }
 
 template<
-	typename Type,
-	typename... properties,
-	typename indexType,
-	typename... indexProperties>
-	//typename valType> //,
-	//typename... valProperties>
-bool fillSelected(
-	ViewType1D<Type, properties...> view,
-	const ViewType1D<indexType, indexProperties...> indices,
-	const ViewType1D<Type, indexProperties...> vals,
-	const int32 numElems ,
-	typename std::enable_if_t<
-		areAccessible<
-			typename ViewType1D<Type, properties...>::execution_space,
-			typename ViewType1D<indexType, indexProperties...>::memory_space>(),
-		bool> = true )
+  typename Type,
+  typename... properties,
+  typename indexType,
+  typename... indexProperties>
+bool
+fillSelected(
+  ViewType1D<Type, properties...>                 view,
+  const ViewType1D<indexType, indexProperties...> indices,
+  const ViewType1D<Type, properties...>           vals,
+  const uint32                                    numElems
+)
 {
+	static_assert(
+	  std::is_trivially_copyable_v<Type>, "Not valid type for fillSelected"
+	);
+	static_assert(
+	  areAccessible<
+	    typename ViewType1D<Type, properties...>::execution_space,
+	    typename ViewType1D<indexType, indexProperties...>::memory_space>(),
+	  "In fillSelected arguments view and indices must have similar spaces"
+	);
 
-	using ExecutionSpace = typename ViewType1D<Type, properties...>::execution_space;
-	
-
-
-	if constexpr( isHostAccessible<ExecutionSpace>())
-	{
-		if(numElems<maxSizeToSerial__)
-		{ 
-			pFlow::algorithms::STD::fillSelected<Type,indexType,false>(
-				view.data(),
-				indices.data(),
-				vals.data(),
-				numElems
-				);
-			return true;
-		}
-	}
-
+	using ExecutionSpace =
+	  typename ViewType1D<Type, properties...>::execution_space;
 
 	pFlow::algorithms::KOKKOS::fillSelected<Type, indexType, ExecutionSpace>(
-			view.data(),
-			indices.data(),
-			vals.data(),
-			numElems
-			);
+	  view.data(), indices.data(), vals.data(), numElems
+	);
 
 	return true;
 }
 
-
 template<typename T, typename... properties>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-T min( 
-	const ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
-	int32 start,
-	int32 end)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H T
+min(const ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view, uint32 start, uint32 end)
 {
+	using ExecutionSpace =
+	  typename ViewType1D<T, properties...>::execution_space;
 
-	using ExecutionSpace = typename ViewType1D<T, properties...>::execution_space;
-	
-	int32 numElems = end-start;
+	uint32 numElems = end - start;
 
-	if constexpr( isHostAccessible<ExecutionSpace>())
-	{
-		if(numElems<maxSizeToSerial__)
-		{
-			return 
-			pFlow::algorithms::STD::min<T,false>(
-				view.data()+start,
-				numElems);
-		}
-	}
-
-	return  
-	pFlow::algorithms::KOKKOS::min<T, ExecutionSpace>(
-		view.data()+start,
-		numElems);
+	return pFlow::algorithms::KOKKOS::min<T, ExecutionSpace>(
+	  view.data() + start, numElems
+	);
 }
 
 template<typename T, typename... properties>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-T max( 
-	const ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
-	int32 start,
-	int32 end)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H T
+max(const ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view, uint32 start, uint32 end)
 {
+	using ExecutionSpace =
+	  typename ViewType1D<T, properties...>::execution_space;
 
-	using ExecutionSpace = typename ViewType1D<T, properties...>::execution_space;
-	
-	int32 numElems = end-start;
+	uint32 numElems = end - start;
 
-	if constexpr( isHostAccessible<ExecutionSpace>())
-	{
-		if(numElems<maxSizeToSerial__)
-		{
-			return 
-			pFlow::algorithms::STD::max<T,false>(
-				view.data()+start,
-				numElems);
-		}
-	}
-
-	return  
-	pFlow::algorithms::KOKKOS::max<T, ExecutionSpace>(
-		view.data()+start,
-		numElems);
-} 
-
-template <
-	typename dType,
-	typename... dProperties,
-	typename sType,
-	typename... sProperties>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-void copy(
-	const ViewType1D<dType, dProperties...>& dst,
-	const ViewType1D<sType, sProperties...>& src
-	)
-{
-	Kokkos::deep_copy(dst,src);
+	return pFlow::algorithms::KOKKOS::max<T, ExecutionSpace>(
+	  view.data() + start, numElems
+	);
 }
 
-template <
-	typename dType,
-	typename... dProperties,
-	typename sType,
-	typename... sProperties>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-void copy(
-	const ViewType1D<dType, dProperties...>& dst,
-	int32 dStart,
-	const ViewType1D<sType, sProperties...>& src,
-	int32 sStart,
-	int32 sEnd
-	)
+template<
+  typename dType,
+  typename... dProperties,
+  typename sType,
+  typename... sProperties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H void
+copy(
+  const ViewType1D<dType, dProperties...>& dst,
+  const ViewType1D<sType, sProperties...>& src
+)
 {
-
-	range sSpan(sStart,sEnd);
-	range dSpan(dStart,dStart+(sEnd-sStart));
-	
-	auto srcSub = Kokkos::subview(src, sSpan);
-	auto dstSub = Kokkos::subview(dst, dSpan);
-
-	Kokkos::deep_copy(dstSub,srcSub);
+	Kokkos::deep_copy(dst, src);
 }
 
-template <
-	typename dType,
-	typename sType,
-	typename... sProperties>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-void getNth(
-	dType& dst,
-	const ViewType1D<sType, sProperties...>& src,
-	const int32 n
-	)
+template<
+  typename dType,
+  typename... dProperties,
+  typename sType,
+  typename... sProperties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H void
+copy(
+  const ViewType1D<dType, dProperties...>& dst,
+  uint32                                   dStart,
+  const ViewType1D<sType, sProperties...>& src,
+  uint32                                   sStart,
+  uint32                                   sEnd
+)
 {
-	range span(n,n+1);
-	auto subV = Kokkos::subview(src, span);
-	hostViewType1D<dType> dstView("getNth",1);
-	Kokkos::deep_copy(dstView,subV);
+	
+	auto srcSub = Kokkos::subview(
+		src, 
+		Kokkos::make_pair(sStart, sEnd));
+
+	auto dstSub = Kokkos::subview(
+		dst, 
+		Kokkos::make_pair(dStart, dStart + (sEnd - sStart)));
+
+	Kokkos::deep_copy(dstSub, srcSub);
+}
+
+template<typename Type, typename... sProperties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H void
+getNth(Type& dst, const ViewType1D<Type, sProperties...>& src, const uint32 n)
+{
+	auto subV = Kokkos::subview(src, Kokkos::make_pair(n, n + 1));
+	hostViewType1D<Type> dstView("getNth", 1);
+	// hostViewTypeScalar
+	Kokkos::deep_copy(dstView, subV);
 	dst = *dstView.data();
 }
 
-
 template<typename T, typename... properties>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-void sort( 
-	ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
-	int32 start,
-	int32 end)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H void
+sort(ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view, uint32 start, uint32 end)
 {
+	using ExecutionSpace =
+	  typename ViewType1D<T, properties...>::execution_space;
 
-	using ExecutionSpace = typename ViewType1D<T, properties...>::execution_space;
-	
-	int32 numElems = end-start;
+	uint32 numElems = end - start;
 
-	if constexpr( isHostAccessible<ExecutionSpace>())
+	if constexpr (isHostAccessible<ExecutionSpace>())
 	{
-		if(numElems<maxSizeToSerial__)
-		{
-			pFlow::algorithms::STD::sort<T,false>(
-				view.data()+start,
-				numElems);
-			return;
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			pFlow::algorithms::STD::sort<T,true>(
-				view.data()+start,
-				numElems);
-			return;
-		}
+		pFlow::algorithms::STD::sort<T, true>(view.data() + start, numElems);
+		return;
 	}
 
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	
-	pFlow::algorithms::CUDA::sort<T>(
-		view.data()+start,
-		numElems);
+
+	pFlow::algorithms::CUDA::sort<T>(view.data() + start, numElems);
 #else
 	static_assert("sort on device is not defined!");
 
@@ -388,44 +303,32 @@ void sort(
 }
 
 template<typename T, typename... properties, typename CompareFunc>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-void sort( 
-	ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
-	int32 start,
-	int32 end,
-	CompareFunc compare)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H void
+sort(
+  ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
+  uint32                        start,
+  uint32                        end,
+  CompareFunc                   compare
+)
 {
+	using ExecutionSpace =
+	  typename ViewType1D<T, properties...>::execution_space;
 
-	using ExecutionSpace = typename ViewType1D<T, properties...>::execution_space;
-	
-	int32 numElems = end-start;
+	uint32 numElems = end - start;
 
-	if constexpr( isHostAccessible<ExecutionSpace>())
+	if constexpr (isHostAccessible<ExecutionSpace>())
 	{
-		if(numElems<maxSizeToSerial__)
-		{
-			pFlow::algorithms::STD::sort<T,CompareFunc,false>(
-				view.data()+start,
-				numElems,
-				compare);
-			return;
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			pFlow::algorithms::STD::sort<T,CompareFunc,true>(
-				view.data()+start,
-				numElems,
-				compare);
-			return;
-		}
+		pFlow::algorithms::STD::sort<T, CompareFunc, true>(
+		  view.data() + start, numElems, compare
+		);
+		return;
 	}
 
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	
+
 	pFlow::algorithms::CUDA::sort<T, CompareFunc>(
-		view.data()+start,
-		numElems,
-		compare);
+	  view.data() + start, numElems, compare
+	);
 #else
 	static_assert("sort on device is not defined!");
 
@@ -435,159 +338,157 @@ void sort(
 }
 
 template<
-	typename Type,
-	typename... properties,
-	typename permType,
-	typename... permProperties>
-void permuteSort(
-	const ViewType1D<Type, properties...>& view,
-	int32 start,
-	int32 end,
-	ViewType1D<permType, permProperties...>& permuteView,
-	int32 permStart,
-	typename std::enable_if_t<
-		areAccessible<
-			typename ViewType1D<Type, properties...>::execution_space,
-			typename ViewType1D<permType, permProperties...>::memory_space>(),
-		bool> = true )
+  typename Type,
+  typename... properties,
+  typename permType,
+  typename... permProperties>
+void
+permuteSort(
+  const ViewType1D<Type, properties...>&   view,
+  uint32                                   start,
+  uint32                                   end,
+  ViewType1D<permType, permProperties...>& permuteView,
+  uint32                                   permStart
+)
 {
-	using ExecutionSpace = typename ViewType1D<Type, properties...>::execution_space;
-	
-	int32 numElems = end-start;
+	static_assert(
+	  areAccessible<
+	    typename ViewType1D<Type, properties...>::execution_space,
+	    typename ViewType1D<permType, permProperties...>::memory_space>(),
+	  "In permuteSort, view and permuteView should have the same space"
+	);
 
-	if constexpr( isHostAccessible<ExecutionSpace>())
-	{
-		if(numElems<maxSizeToSerial__)
-		{
-			pFlow::algorithms::STD::permuteSort<Type,permType,false>(
-				view.data()+start,
-				permuteView.data()+permStart,
-				numElems	);
-			return;
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			pFlow::algorithms::STD::permuteSort<Type,permType,true>(
-				view.data()+start,
-				permuteView.data()+permStart,
-				numElems);
-			return;
-		}
-	}
+	using ExecutionSpace =
+	  typename ViewType1D<Type, properties...>::execution_space;
+
+	uint32 numElems = end - start;
+
+	pFlow::algorithms::STD::permuteSort<Type, permType, true>(
+	  view.data() + start, permuteView.data() + permStart, numElems
+	);
+	return;
 
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	
+
 	pFlow::algorithms::CUDA::permuteSort(
-		view.data()+start,
-		permuteView.data()+permStart,
-		numElems);
+	  view.data() + start, permuteView.data() + permStart, numElems
+	);
 #else
 	static_assert("sort on device is not defined!");
 
 #endif
-
 }
 
-template<
-	typename Type,
-	typename... properties>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-int32 binarySearch(
-	const ViewType1D<Type, properties...>& view,
-	int32 start,
-	int32 end,
-	const Type& val)
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD int32
+binarySearch_(const T* array, int32 length, const T& val)
 {
-	
-	if(end<=start)return -1;
+	if (length <= 0)
+		return -1;
 
-	if(auto res = 
-		pFlow::algorithms::binarySearch(view.data()+start,end-start,val); res>=0) {
-		return res+start;
+	int low  = 0;
+	int high = length - 1;
+
+	while (low <= high)
+	{
+		int mid = low + (high - low) / 2;
+
+		if (array[mid] > val)
+		{
+			high = mid - 1;
+		}
+		else if (array[mid] < val)
+		{
+			low = mid + 1;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			return mid;
+		}
 	}
-	else{
+
+	return -1; // val not found in array[0, length)
+}
+
+/// On DEVICE and HOST calls
+template<typename Type, typename... properties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD uint32
+binarySearch(
+  const ViewType1D<Type, properties...>& view,
+  uint32                                 start,
+  uint32                                 end,
+  const Type&                            val
+)
+{
+	if (end <= start)
+		return static_cast<uint32>(-1);
+
+	if (auto res = binarySearch_(view.data() + start, end - start, val);
+	    res != static_cast<uint32>(-1))
+	{
+		return res + start;
+	}
+	else
+	{
 		return res;
 	}
 }
 
-template<
-	typename Type,
-	typename... properties,
-	typename dType,
-	typename... dProperties>
-void exclusiveScan(
-	const ViewType1D<Type, properties...>& view,
-	int32 start,
-	int32 end,
-	ViewType1D<dType, dProperties...>& dView,
-	int32 dStart,
-	typename std::enable_if_t<
-		areAccessible<
-			typename ViewType1D<Type, properties...>::execution_space,
-			typename ViewType1D<dType, dProperties...>::memory_space>(),
-		bool> = true )
+template<typename Type, typename... properties, typename... dProperties>
+void
+exclusiveScan(
+  const ViewType1D<Type, properties...>& view,
+  uint32                                 start,
+  uint32                                 end,
+  ViewType1D<Type, dProperties...>&      dView,
+  uint32                                 dStart
+)
 {
-	using ExecutionSpace = typename ViewType1D<Type, properties...>::execution_space;
-	
-	int32 numElems = end-start;
-	if constexpr( isHostAccessible<ExecutionSpace>())
-	{
-		if(numElems<maxSizeToSerial__)
-		{
-			pFlow::algorithms::STD::exclusiveScan<Type,dType,false>(
-				view.data()+start,
-				dView.data()+dStart,
-				numElems);
-			return;
-		}
-	}
+	static_assert(
+	  areAccessible<
+	    typename ViewType1D<Type, properties...>::execution_space,
+	    typename ViewType1D<Type, dProperties...>::memory_space>(),
+	  "In exclusiveScan, view and dView should have the same space"
 
-	pFlow::algorithms::KOKKOS::exclusiveScan<Type,dType,ExecutionSpace>(
-		view.data()+start,
-		dView.data()+dStart,
-		numElems);
+	);
+
+	using ExecutionSpace =
+	  typename ViewType1D<Type, properties...>::execution_space;
+
+	uint32 numElems = end - start;
+
+	pFlow::algorithms::KOKKOS::exclusiveScan<Type, ExecutionSpace>(
+	  view.data() + start, dView.data() + dStart, numElems
+	);
 }
 
-
-template<
-	typename Type,
-	typename... properties,
-	typename dType,
-	typename... dProperties>
-void inclusiveScan(
-	const ViewType1D<Type, properties...>& view,
-	int32 start,
-	int32 end,
-	ViewType1D<dType, dProperties...>& dView,
-	int32 dStart,
-	typename std::enable_if_t<
-		areAccessible<
-			typename ViewType1D<Type, properties...>::execution_space,
-			typename ViewType1D<dType, dProperties...>::memory_space>(),
-		bool> = true )
+template<typename Type, typename... properties, typename... dProperties>
+void
+inclusiveScan(
+  const ViewType1D<Type, properties...>& view,
+  uint32                                 start,
+  uint32                                 end,
+  ViewType1D<Type, dProperties...>&      dView,
+  uint32                                 dStart
+)
 {
-	using ExecutionSpace = typename ViewType1D<Type, properties...>::execution_space;
-	
-	int32 numElems = end-start;
-	if constexpr( isHostAccessible<ExecutionSpace>())
-	{
-		if(numElems<maxSizeToSerial__)
-		{
-			pFlow::algorithms::STD::inclusiveScan<Type,dType,false>(
-				view.data()+start,
-				dView.data()+dStart,
-				numElems);
-			return;
-		}
-	}
+	using ExecutionSpace =
+	  typename ViewType1D<Type, properties...>::execution_space;
 
-	pFlow::algorithms::KOKKOS::inclusiveScan<Type,dType,ExecutionSpace>(
-		view.data()+start,
-		dView.data()+dStart,
-		numElems);
+	static_assert(
+	  areAccessible<
+	    typename ViewType1D<Type, properties...>::execution_space,
+	    typename ViewType1D<Type, dProperties...>::memory_space>(),
+	  "In exclusiveScan, view and dView should have the same space"
+	);
+
+	uint32 numElems = end - start;
+
+	pFlow::algorithms::KOKKOS::inclusiveScan<Type, ExecutionSpace>(
+	  view.data() + start, dView.data() + dStart, numElems
+	);
 }
 
 } // pFlow
 
-
-#endif // Viewalgorithms
+#endif // __ViewAlgorithms_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/baseAlgorithms.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/baseAlgorithms.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 70f1f76f..00000000
--- a/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/baseAlgorithms.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,246 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-#ifndef __baseAlgorithms_hpp__
-#define __baseAlgorithms_hpp__
-
-
-#include "numericConstants.hpp"
-#include "KokkosUtilities.hpp"
-
-inline const size_t sizeToSerial__ = 64;
-
-namespace pFlow
-{
-
-// counts the number of elements that matches val
-// the execution space is selected based on the View::execution_spcae 
-/*template<typename T, typename... properties>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-size_t count(
-	const ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
-	size_t start,
-	size_t end,
-	const T& val
-	)
-{
-
-	auto RP = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
-		Kokkos::IndexType<size_t>,
-		typename ViewType1D<T, properties...>::execution_space >(start, end);
-
-	size_t totalNum=0;
-	Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
-		"baseAlgorithms-count",
-		RP,
-		LAMBDA_HD(label i, size_t & valueToUpdate){
-			if( equal(view[i], val) ) valueToUpdate += 1;
-		}, totalNum );
-
-	return totalNum;
-}*/
-
-
-template<typename T, typename... properties>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-T min( const ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view, size_t start, size_t end ) 
-{
-
-	T minValue = largestPositive<T>();
-
-	auto RP = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
-	Kokkos::IndexType<size_t>,
-	typename ViewType1D<T, properties...>::execution_space >(start, end);
-
-	Kokkos::parallel_reduce("baseAlgorithms-min",
-							RP, 
-							LAMBDA_HD(label i, T& valueToUpdate){
-								valueToUpdate = min(view[i],valueToUpdate);
-							},
-							Kokkos :: Min < T >( minValue )
-							);
-	return minValue;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename... properties>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-T max( const ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view, size_t start, size_t end ) 
-{
-
-	T maxValue = largestNegative<T>();
-
-	auto RP = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
-	Kokkos::IndexType<size_t>,
-	typename ViewType1D<T, properties...>::execution_space >(start, end);
-
-	Kokkos::parallel_reduce("baseAlgorithms-max",
-							RP, 
-							LAMBDA_HD(label i, T& valueToUpdate){
-								valueToUpdate = max(view[i],valueToUpdate);
-							},
-							Kokkos::Max<T>( maxValue )
-							);
-	return maxValue;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename... properties>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-T min_serial(const ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view, size_t start, size_t end)
-{
-	T minValue = largestPositive<T>();
-	for(label i=start; i<end; ++i)
-	{
-		minValue = min(minValue, view[i]);
-	}
-	return minValue;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename... properties>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-T max_serial(const ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view, size_t start, size_t end)
-{
-	T maxValue = largestNegative<T>();
-	for(label i=start; i<end; ++i)
-	{
-		maxValue = max(maxValue, view[i]);
-	}
-	return maxValue;
-}
-
-
-template<typename UnaryFunction, typename T, typename... properties>
-void apply_to_each(const ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view, size_t start, size_t end, UnaryFunction func)
-{
-	auto RP = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
-	Kokkos::IndexType<size_t>,
-	typename ViewType1D<T, properties...>::execution_space >(start, end);
-
-	Kokkos::parallel_for("baseAlgorithms-for_each",
-							RP, 
-							LAMBDA_HD(label i){
-								view[i] = func(i);
-							}
-							);
-}
-
-
-template<typename T, typename... properties>
-void insertSetElementH
-(
-	ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
-	hostViewType1D<label>& selected,
-	T val
-)
-{
-	
-	for(auto i=0; i<selected.size();++i)
-	{
-		view[selected[i]] = val;
-	}
-
-}
-
-
-template<typename T, typename... properties>
-void insertSetElementH
-(
-	ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
-	hostViewType1D<label>& selected,
-	hostViewType1D<T>& vals
-)
-{
-	
-	for(auto i=0; i<selected.size(); ++i)
-	{
-		view[selected[i]] = static_cast<const T&>(vals[i]);
-	}
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename... properties>
-void insertSetElementD
-(
-	ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
-	deviceViewType1D<label>& selected,
-	T val
-)
-{
-	auto RP = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
-	Kokkos::IndexType<size_t>,
-	typename ViewType1D<T, properties...>::execution_space >(0, selected.size());
-
-	Kokkos::parallel_for(
-		"baseAlgorithms-insertSetElementD",
-		RP,
-		LAMBDA_D(size_t i) {
-			view[selected[i]] = val; } );
-
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename... properties>
-void insertSetElementD
-(
-	ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
-	deviceViewType1D<label>& selected,
-	deviceViewType1D<T>& vals
-)
-{
-	auto RP = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
-	Kokkos::IndexType<size_t>,
-	typename ViewType1D<T, properties...>::execution_space >(0, selected.size());
-
-	Kokkos::parallel_for(
-		"baseAlgorithms-insertSetElementD",
-		RP,
-		LAMBDA_D(size_t i) {
-			view[selected[i]] = vals[i]; } );
-
-}
-
-/*template<typename T, typename... properties>
-void fill
-(
-	ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
-	range range,
-	T val
-)
-{
-	auto subV = Kokkos::subview(view, range);
-	Kokkos::deep_copy(subV, val);
-}*/
-
-
-template<typename T, typename... properties>
-void fill
-(
-	ViewType3D<T, properties...>& view,
-	range range1,
-	range range2,
-	range range3,
-	T val
-)
-{
-	auto subV = Kokkos::subview(view, range1, range2, range3);
-	Kokkos::deep_copy(subV, val);
-}
-
-}
-
-
-#endif // __VectorSingleMath_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/baseAlgorithmsFwd.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/baseAlgorithmsFwd_.hpp
similarity index 63%
rename from src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/baseAlgorithmsFwd.hpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/baseAlgorithmsFwd_.hpp
index c4fa96ad..779c0b03 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/baseAlgorithmsFwd.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/baseAlgorithmsFwd_.hpp
@@ -2,50 +2,50 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 template<typename T, typename... properties>
-void insertSetElementH
-(
-	ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
-	hostViewType1D<label>& selected,
-	T val
+void
+insertSetElementH(
+  ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
+  hostViewType1D<label>&        selected,
+  T                             val
 );
 
 template<typename T, typename... properties>
-void insertSetElementH
-(
-	ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
-	hostViewType1D<label>& selected,
-	hostViewType1D<T>& vals
+void
+insertSetElementH(
+  ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
+  hostViewType1D<label>&        selected,
+  hostViewType1D<T>&            vals
 );
 
 template<typename T, typename... properties>
-void insertSetElementD
-(
-	ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
-	deviceViewType1D<label>& selected,
-	T val
+void
+insertSetElementD(
+  ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
+  deviceViewType1D<label>&      selected,
+  T                             val
 );
 
 template<typename T, typename... properties>
-void insertSetElementD
-(
-	ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
-	deviceViewType1D<label>& selected,
-	deviceViewType1D<T>& vals
+void
+insertSetElementD(
+  ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
+  deviceViewType1D<label>&      selected,
+  deviceViewType1D<T>&          vals
 );
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/baseAlgorithms_.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/baseAlgorithms_.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..94797b76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/baseAlgorithms_.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __baseAlgorithms_hpp__
+#define __baseAlgorithms_hpp__
+
+#include "KokkosUtilities.hpp"
+#include "numericConstants.hpp"
+
+inline const size_t sizeToSerial__ = 64;
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+// counts the number of elements that matches val
+// the execution space is selected based on the View::execution_spcae
+/*template<typename T, typename... properties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+size_t count(
+    const ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
+    size_t start,
+    size_t end,
+    const T& val
+    )
+{
+
+    auto RP = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
+        Kokkos::IndexType<size_t>,
+        typename ViewType1D<T, properties...>::execution_space >(start, end);
+
+    size_t totalNum=0;
+    Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
+        "baseAlgorithms-count",
+        RP,
+        LAMBDA_HD(label i, size_t & valueToUpdate){
+            if( equal(view[i], val) ) valueToUpdate += 1;
+        }, totalNum );
+
+    return totalNum;
+}*/
+
+template<typename T, typename... properties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H T
+min(const ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view, size_t start, size_t end)
+{
+	T    minValue = largestPositive<T>();
+
+	auto RP = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
+	  Kokkos::IndexType<size_t>,
+	  typename ViewType1D<T, properties...>::execution_space>(start, end);
+
+	Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
+	  "baseAlgorithms-min",
+	  RP,
+	  LAMBDA_HD(label i, T & valueToUpdate) {
+		  valueToUpdate = min(view[i], valueToUpdate);
+	  },
+	  Kokkos ::Min<T>(minValue)
+	);
+	return minValue;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename... properties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H T
+max(const ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view, size_t start, size_t end)
+{
+	T    maxValue = largestNegative<T>();
+
+	auto RP = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
+	  Kokkos::IndexType<size_t>,
+	  typename ViewType1D<T, properties...>::execution_space>(start, end);
+
+	Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
+	  "baseAlgorithms-max",
+	  RP,
+	  LAMBDA_HD(label i, T & valueToUpdate) {
+		  valueToUpdate = max(view[i], valueToUpdate);
+	  },
+	  Kokkos::Max<T>(maxValue)
+	);
+	return maxValue;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename... properties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H T
+min_serial(const ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view, size_t start, size_t end)
+{
+	T minValue = largestPositive<T>();
+	for (label i = start; i < end; ++i)
+	{
+		minValue = min(minValue, view[i]);
+	}
+	return minValue;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename... properties>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H T
+max_serial(const ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view, size_t start, size_t end)
+{
+	T maxValue = largestNegative<T>();
+	for (label i = start; i < end; ++i)
+	{
+		maxValue = max(maxValue, view[i]);
+	}
+	return maxValue;
+}
+
+template<typename UnaryFunction, typename T, typename... properties>
+void
+apply_to_each(
+  const ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
+  size_t                              start,
+  size_t                              end,
+  UnaryFunction                       func
+)
+{
+	auto RP = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
+	  Kokkos::IndexType<size_t>,
+	  typename ViewType1D<T, properties...>::execution_space>(start, end);
+
+	Kokkos::parallel_for(
+	  "baseAlgorithms-for_each", RP, LAMBDA_HD(label i) { view[i] = func(i); }
+	);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename... properties>
+void
+insertSetElementH(
+  ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
+  hostViewType1D<label>&        selected,
+  T                             val
+)
+{
+	for (auto i = 0; i < selected.size(); ++i)
+	{
+		view[selected[i]] = val;
+	}
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename... properties>
+void
+insertSetElementH(
+  ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
+  hostViewType1D<label>&        selected,
+  hostViewType1D<T>&            vals
+)
+{
+	for (auto i = 0; i < selected.size(); ++i)
+	{
+		view[selected[i]] = static_cast<const T&>(vals[i]);
+	}
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename... properties>
+void
+insertSetElementD(
+  ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
+  deviceViewType1D<label>&      selected,
+  T                             val
+)
+{
+	auto RP = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
+	  Kokkos::IndexType<size_t>,
+	  typename ViewType1D<T, properties...>::execution_space>(
+	  0, selected.size()
+	);
+
+	Kokkos::parallel_for(
+	  "baseAlgorithms-insertSetElementD",
+	  RP,
+	  LAMBDA_D(size_t i) { view[selected[i]] = val; }
+	);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename... properties>
+void
+insertSetElementD(
+  ViewType1D<T, properties...>& view,
+  deviceViewType1D<label>&      selected,
+  deviceViewType1D<T>&          vals
+)
+{
+	auto RP = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
+	  Kokkos::IndexType<size_t>,
+	  typename ViewType1D<T, properties...>::execution_space>(
+	  0, selected.size()
+	);
+
+	Kokkos::parallel_for(
+	  "baseAlgorithms-insertSetElementD",
+	  RP,
+	  LAMBDA_D(size_t i) { view[selected[i]] = vals[i]; }
+	);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename... properties>
+void
+fill(
+  ViewType3D<T, properties...>& view,
+  range                         range1,
+  range                         range2,
+  range                         range3,
+  T                             val
+)
+{
+	auto subV = Kokkos::subview(view, range1, range2, range3);
+	Kokkos::deep_copy(subV, val);
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif // __VectorSingleMath_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/phasicFlowKokkos.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/phasicFlowKokkos.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3372ba8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/phasicFlowKokkos.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __phsicFlowKokkos_hpp__
+#define __phsicFlowKokkos_hpp__
+
+#include "KokkosTypes.hpp"
+#include "KokkosUtilities.hpp"
+#include "ViewAlgorithms.hpp"
+#include "Range.hpp"
+
+
+#endif //  __phsicFlowKokkos_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/Timer/Timer.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/Timer/Timer.cpp
index 9a4546e4..467bee14 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/Timer/Timer.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/Timer/Timer.cpp
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
@@ -22,82 +22,83 @@ Licence:
 #include "Timers.hpp"
 #include "streams.hpp"
 
-pFlow::Timer::Timer(const word name, Timers* parrent)
-:
-	name_(name),
-	parrent_(parrent)
+pFlow::real pFlow::Timer::averageTimeMax() const
 {
-	if(parrent_)
+    return 0.0;
+}
+
+pFlow::real pFlow::Timer::accTimersTotalMax() const
+{
+    return 0.0;
+}
+
+pFlow::Timer::Timer(const word &name, Timers *parrent)
+    : name_(name),
+      parrent_(parrent)
+{
+	if (parrent_)
 		parrent_->addToList(this);
 }
 
-
 pFlow::Timer::~Timer()
 {
-	if(parrent_)
+	if (parrent_)
 	{
 		parrent_->removeFromList(this);
 	}
 }
 
-pFlow::int32 pFlow::Timer::level()const
+pFlow::int32 pFlow::Timer::level() const
 {
-	if(parrent_)
-		return parrent_->level()+1;
+	if (parrent_)
+		return parrent_->level() + 1;
 	else
 		return 0;
 }
 
-
-bool pFlow::Timer::write(iOstream& os, bool subTree)const
+bool pFlow::Timer::write(iOstream& os, bool subTree) const
 {
-	
-	if(!timerActive() && !master())return true;
-	
+	if (!timerActive() && !master())
+		return true;
 
 	int32 lvl = level();
-	for(int32 l=1; l<lvl; l++)
-	{	
-		os<<"┃   ";
+	for (int32 l = 1; l < lvl; l++)
+	{
+		os << "┃   ";
 	}
 
-	if(lvl>0)
+	if (lvl > 0)
 	{
-
-		if(master())
-			os<<"┣━━ ";
+		if (master())
+			os << "┣━━ ";
+		else if (lvl == 1)
+			os << "┃└─ ";
 		else
-			if(lvl==1)
-				os<<"┃└─ ";
-			else
-				os<<" └─ ";
+			os << " └─ ";
 	}
 	else
-		; //os<<"⊿ ";
-	
-	if(lvl==0)
-		os<<greenColor<<boldChar;
-	else if(master())
-		os<<yellowColor;
+		; // os<<"⊿ ";
 
+	if (lvl == 0)
+		os << greenColor << boldChar;
+	else if (master())
+		os << yellowColor;
 
-	os<<name_;
+	os << name_;
 
 	auto tt = accTimersTotal();
-	if(abs(tt)>smallValue)
+	if (abs(tt) > smallValue)
 	{
-		os<<" execution time (s): total ("<<
-			tt<<")";
+		os << " execution time (s): total (" << tt << ")";
 
-		if(!master())
+		if (!master())
 		{
-			os<<", av. ("<<
-			averageTime()<<").";	
+			os << ", av. (" << averageTime() << ").";
 		}
-	}		
+	}
 
-	os<<defaultColor;
-	os<<'\n';
+	os << defaultColor;
+	os << '\n';
 
 	return true;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/Timer/Timer.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/Timer/Timer.hpp
index 4c731444..6f9af9d7 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/Timer/Timer.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/Timer/Timer.hpp
@@ -2,147 +2,172 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
 #ifndef __Timerr_hpp__
 #define __Timerr_hpp__
 
-
 #include <chrono>
-
 #include "types.hpp"
 
-
-
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-// forward 
+// forward
 class Timers;
 
-
 class Timer
 {
-protected:
+private:
 
 	using timer = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock;
 
-	// - name for the timer 
-	word name_ = "noNameTimer";
+	/// start time
+	timer::time_point start_;
 
-	// start time
-	timer::time_point   start_;
+	/// number of times start() and end() are called
+	int32             numIteration_ = 0;
 
-	// number of times start() and end() are called 
-	int32 				numIteration_ = 0;
+	/// sum of time duratios (in seconds) between all start() and end() calls
+	real              accTime_ = 0.0;
 
-	// sum of time duratios (in seconds) between all start() and end() calls 
-	real 				accTime_  = 0.0;
+	/// last time duration
+	real              lastTime_ = 0.0;
 
-	// 
-	real 				lastTime_ = 0.0;
+	/// @brief  Accumulative duration for multiple steps between start() and
+	/// end()
+	real              stepAccTime_ = 0.0;
 
-	Timers* 			parrent_ = nullptr;
+	/// name for the timer
+	word              name_ = "noNameTimer";
+
+	/// @brief  parrent of timer
+	Timers*           parrent_ = nullptr;
+
+protected:
+
+	real averageTimeMax()const;
+
+	real accTimersTotalMax()const;
 
 public:
 
 	TypeInfo("Timer");
 
-	Timer(){}
+	Timer() = default;
 
-	Timer(const word name)
-	:
-		name_(name)
-	{}
+	explicit Timer(const word& name)
+	  : name_(name)
+	{
+	}
 
-	
-	Timer(const word name, Timers* parrent);
-	
+	Timer(const word& name, Timers* parrent);
 
-	const word& name()const
+	const word& name() const
 	{
 		return name_;
 	}
 
 	virtual ~Timer();
-	
+
 	virtual void removeParrent()
 	{
 		parrent_ = nullptr;
 	}
 
-	virtual int32 level()const;
-	
+	virtual int32 level() const;
 
-	virtual bool master()const
+	virtual bool  master() const
 	{
 		return false;
 	}
 
+	Timers* parrent()const
+	{
+		return parrent_;
+	} 
+
+	inline
 	void start()
+	{
+		start_       = timer::now();
+		stepAccTime_ = 0;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	void pause()
+	{
+		auto end = timer::now();
+		stepAccTime_ +=
+		    std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<real> >(
+		        end - start_
+		    )
+		        .count();
+	}
+
+	inline
+	void resume()
 	{
 		start_ = timer::now();
 	}
 
+	inline
 	void end()
 	{
-		auto end = timer::now();
-		lastTime_ =  std::chrono::duration_cast
-			< std::chrono::duration<real> >(end - start_).count();
-		
+		pause();
+		lastTime_ = stepAccTime_;
+
 		numIteration_++;
 		accTime_ += lastTime_;
 	}
 
-	inline
-	bool timerActive()const
+	inline 
+	bool timerActive() const
 	{
-		return numIteration_!=0;
+		return numIteration_ != 0;
 	}
 
-	inline
-	real lastTime()const
+	inline 
+	real lastTime() const
 	{
 		return lastTime_;
 	}
 
-	inline
-	real totalTime()const
+	inline 
+	real totalTime() const
 	{
 		return accTime_;
 	}
 
-	inline
-	real averageTime()const
+	inline 
+	real averageTime() const
 	{
-
-		return accTime_/max(numIteration_, 1);
+		return accTime_ / max(numIteration_, 1);
 	}
 
-	virtual
-	real accTimersTotal()const
+	virtual 
+	real accTimersTotal() const
 	{
 		return totalTime();
 	}
 
 	//// - IO operations
 
-	virtual bool write(iOstream& os, bool subTree)const;
+	virtual bool write(iOstream& os, bool subTree) const;
 
 	virtual bool read(iIstream& is)
 	{
@@ -150,7 +175,6 @@ public:
 	}
 };
 
-
 inline iOstream& operator<<(iOstream& os, const Timer& t)
 {
 	t.write(os, false);
@@ -162,7 +186,6 @@ inline iIstream& operator>>(iIstream& is, Timer& t)
 	return is;
 }
 
-}
-
+} // namespace pFlow
 
 #endif //__Timer_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/Timer/Timers.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/Timer/Timers.hpp
index fea6604b..1ea7d96a 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/Timer/Timers.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/Timer/Timers.hpp
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ Licence:
 #define __Timerss_hpp__
 
 
-
 #include "List.hpp"
 #include "Timer.hpp"
 
@@ -54,9 +53,9 @@ public:
 	:
 		Timer(name, parrent)
 	{
-		if(parrent_)
+		if(parrent)
 		{
-			level_ = parrent_->level()+1;
+			level_ = parrent->level()+1;
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/algorithms/algorithmFunctions.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/algorithms/algorithmFunctions.hpp
index 44778caf..0ce97355 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/algorithms/algorithmFunctions.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/algorithms/algorithmFunctions.hpp
@@ -60,37 +60,6 @@ struct minimum
       return lhs < rhs ? lhs : rhs; }
 };
 
-
-template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-int binarySearch(const T* array, int length, const T& val)
-{
-    
-    int low = 0;            
-    int high = length - 1;  
-
-    while (low <= high) 
-    {
-        int mid = low + (high - low)/2;
-        
-        if ( array[mid] > val)
-        { 
-            high = mid - 1;  
-        }
-        else if ( array[mid] < val)
-        { 
-            low = mid + 1;        
-        }
-        else 
-        {           
-            return mid; 
-        }
-    }
-
-    return -1; // val not found in array[0, length)
-}
-
-
 } 
 
 #endif // __algorithmFunctions_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/algorithms/kokkosAlgorithms.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/algorithms/kokkosAlgorithms.hpp
index 218e6e6d..6102dd7a 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/algorithms/kokkosAlgorithms.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/algorithms/kokkosAlgorithms.hpp
@@ -30,15 +30,15 @@ namespace pFlow::algorithms::KOKKOS
 
 template<typename Type, typename ExecutionSpace>
 INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-int32 count(const Type* first, int32 numElems, const Type& val)
+uint32 count(const Type* first, uint32 numElems, const Type& val)
 {
 	using policy = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
 			ExecutionSpace,
-			Kokkos::IndexType<int32> >;
-	int32 num = 0;
+			Kokkos::IndexType<uint32> >;
+	uint32 num = 0;
 	Kokkos::parallel_reduce("count",
 							policy(0, numElems),
-							LAMBDA_HD(int32 i, int32& updateVal){
+							LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i, uint32& updateVal){
 								if(equal(first[i],val)) updateVal++;
 							},
 							num);
@@ -50,17 +50,17 @@ int32 count(const Type* first, int32 numElems, const Type& val)
 
 template<typename Type, typename ExecutionSpace>
 INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-void fillSequence(Type* first, int32 numElems, const Type& firstVal)
+void fillSequence(Type* first, uint32 numElems, const Type& firstVal)
 {
 	
 	using policy = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
 			ExecutionSpace,
-			Kokkos::IndexType<int32> >;
+			Kokkos::IndexType<uint32> >;
 
 	Kokkos::parallel_for(
 		"fillSequence",
 		policy(0, numElems),
-		LAMBDA_HD(int32 i){ 
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){ 
 			first[i] = firstVal+i;
 		});
 	Kokkos::fence();
@@ -68,15 +68,15 @@ void fillSequence(Type* first, int32 numElems, const Type& firstVal)
 
 template<typename Type, typename indexType, typename ExecutionSpace>
 INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-void fillSelected(Type* first, const indexType* indices, const int32 numElems, const Type val)
+void fillSelected(Type* first, const indexType* indices, const uint32 numElems, const Type val)
 {
 	using policy = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
 			ExecutionSpace,
-			Kokkos::IndexType<int32> >;
+			Kokkos::IndexType<uint32> >;
 	Kokkos::parallel_for(
 		"fillSelected",
 		policy(0,numElems),
-		LAMBDA_HD(int32 i){
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){
 			first[indices[i]]= val;
 		});
 	Kokkos::fence();
@@ -84,16 +84,16 @@ void fillSelected(Type* first, const indexType* indices, const int32 numElems, c
 
 template<typename Type, typename indexType, typename ExecutionSpace>
 INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-void fillSelected(Type* first, const indexType* indices, const Type* vals, const int32 numElems)
+void fillSelected(Type* first, const indexType* indices, const Type* vals, const uint32 numElems)
 {
 	using policy = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
 			ExecutionSpace,
-			Kokkos::IndexType<int32> >;
+			Kokkos::IndexType<uint32> >;
 
 	Kokkos::parallel_for(
 		"fillSelected",
 		policy(0,numElems),
-		LAMBDA_HD(int32 i){
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){
 			first[indices[i]]= vals[i];
 		});
 	Kokkos::fence();
@@ -101,17 +101,17 @@ void fillSelected(Type* first, const indexType* indices, const Type* vals, const
 
 template<typename Type, typename ExecutionSpace>
 INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-Type max(const Type* first, int32 numElems)
+Type max(const Type* first, uint32 numElems)
 {
 	using policy = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
 			ExecutionSpace,
-			Kokkos::IndexType<int32> >;
+			Kokkos::IndexType<uint32> >;
 	Type maxElement=0;
 
 	Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
 		"max",
 		policy(0, numElems),
-		LAMBDA_HD(int32 i, Type& maxUpdate){
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i, Type& maxUpdate){
 			if(maxUpdate<first[i]) maxUpdate = first[i];
 		},
 		Kokkos::Max<Type>(maxElement));
@@ -144,38 +144,38 @@ Type min(const Type* first, int32 numElems)
 //void sort(Type* first, int32 numElems, CompareFunc compare);
 //void permuteSort(const Type* first, PermuteType* pFirst, int32 numElems);
 
-template<typename Type, typename DestType, typename ExecutionSpace>
-void exclusiveScan(Type* first, DestType* dFirst, int32 numElems)
+template<typename Type, typename ExecutionSpace>
+void exclusiveScan(Type* first, Type* dFirst, uint32 numElems)
 {	
 	using policy = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
 			ExecutionSpace,
-			Kokkos::IndexType<int32> >;
+			Kokkos::IndexType<uint32> >;
 
 	Kokkos::parallel_scan(
 		"exclusiveScan",
 		policy(0, numElems),
-		LAMBDA_HD(const int32 i, DestType& valToUpdate, const bool final)
+		LAMBDA_HD(const uint32 i, Type& valToUpdate, const bool final)
 		{
-			const int32 val = first[i];
+			const Type val = first[i];
 			if(final)
 				dFirst[i] = valToUpdate;
 			valToUpdate += val;
 		});
 }
 
-template<typename Type, typename DestType, typename ExecutionSpace>
-void inclusiveScan(Type* first, DestType* dFirst, int32 numElems)
+template<typename Type, typename ExecutionSpace>
+void inclusiveScan(Type* first, Type* dFirst, uint32 numElems)
 {
 	using policy = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
 			ExecutionSpace,
-			Kokkos::IndexType<int32> >;
+			Kokkos::IndexType<uint32> >;
 
 	Kokkos::parallel_scan(
 		"inclusiveScan",
 		policy(0, numElems),
-		LAMBDA_HD(const int32 i, int32& valToUpdate, const bool final)
+		LAMBDA_HD(const uint32 i, Type& valToUpdate, const bool final)
 		{
-			const int32 val = first[i];
+			const Type val = first[i];
 			valToUpdate += val;
 			if(final)
 				dFirst[i] = valToUpdate;
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/commandLine/CLI/TypeTools.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/commandLine/CLI/TypeTools.hpp
index 2b87ec60..667d3eac 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/commandLine/CLI/TypeTools.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/commandLine/CLI/TypeTools.hpp
@@ -146,11 +146,11 @@ template <typename T, typename C> class is_direct_constructible {
     static auto test(int, std::true_type) -> decltype(
 // NVCC warns about narrowing conversions here
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-#pragma diag_suppress 2361
+#pragma nv_diag_suppress 2361
 #endif
         TT { std::declval<CC>() }
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-#pragma diag_default 2361
+#pragma nv_diag_default 2361
 #endif
         ,
         std::is_move_assignable<TT>());
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/commandLine/CLI/Validators.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/commandLine/CLI/Validators.hpp
index 03eb77b6..ffddd84b 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/commandLine/CLI/Validators.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/commandLine/CLI/Validators.hpp
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #include "TypeTools.hpp"
 
 // [CLI11:public_includes:set]
-#include <cmath>
+#include "math.hpp"
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <functional>
 #include <iostream>
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/commandLine/commandLine.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/commandLine/commandLine.cpp
index d2002570..f9d82161 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/commandLine/commandLine.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/commandLine/commandLine.cpp
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ pFlow::commandLine::commandLine(word appName, word disptn)
 	CLI::App::add_flag_callback(
 		"--description",
 		[disptn, appName]() {
-			output<<"\n"<<yellowText(versoinCopyright)<<endl;
-			output<<yellowText(floatingPointDescription())<<endl<<endl;
-			output<<"Description for "<< boldText(appName)<<":\n";
-			output<<"  "<<disptn<<endl;
+			mOutput<<"\n"<<Yellow_Text(versoinCopyright)<<endl;
+			mOutput<<Yellow_Text(floatingPointDescription())<<endl<<endl;
+			mOutput<<"Description for "<< Bold_Text(appName)<<":\n";
+			mOutput<<"  "<<disptn<<endl;
 		},
 		"What does this app do?"
 		)->configurable(false);
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Field/Field.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Field/Field.cpp
index 5569ea9b..8711d01d 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Field/Field.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Field/Field.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,129 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-template<template<class, class> class VectorField, class T, class PropType>
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+bool pFlow::Field<T, MemorySpace>::read
+(
+	iIstream& is
+)
+{
+	
+	bool tokenFound = true;
+	
+    tokenFound = is.findToken(fieldKey_);
+
+	if( !tokenFound )
+	{
+		ioErrorInFile( is.name(), is.lineNumber() ) <<
+		" error in searching for filedkey " << fieldKey_<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+	
+	if( !VectorType::read(is) )
+	{
+		ioErrorInFile(is.name(), is.lineNumber())<<
+		"error in reading field data from field "<< this->name()<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+    
+	is.readEndStatement("Field::read");
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+bool pFlow::Field<T, MemorySpace>::read
+(
+	iIstream& is,
+	const IOPattern& iop,
+	bool resume
+)
+{
+	
+	bool tokenFound = true;
+	if(resume)
+	{
+		if(iop.thisProcReadData())
+        	tokenFound = is.findTokenResume(fieldKey_);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		if(iop.thisProcReadData())
+        	tokenFound = is.findToken(fieldKey_);
+	}
+    
+	if( !tokenFound )
+	{
+		ioErrorInFile( is.name(), is.lineNumber() ) <<
+		" error in searching for filedkey " << fieldKey_<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+	
+	if( !VectorType::read(is, iop) )
+	{
+		ioErrorInFile(is.name(), is.lineNumber())<<
+		"error in reading field data from field "<< this->name()<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+	
+    if(iop.thisProcReadData())
+	    is.readEndStatement("Field::read");
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+bool pFlow::Field<T, MemorySpace>::write
+(
+	iOstream& os
+)const
+{
+
+	os.writeWordKeyword(fieldKey_)<<endl;
+
+	if(!os.check(FUNCTION_NAME))return false;
+
+	if(!VectorType::write(os)) return false;
+
+	os.endEntry();
+	if(!os.check(FUNCTION_NAME))return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+bool pFlow::Field<T, MemorySpace>::write
+(
+	iOstream& os, 
+	const IOPattern& iop
+)const
+{
+
+	if(iop.thisProcWriteData())
+		os.writeWordKeyword(fieldKey_)<<endl;
+
+	if(!os.check(FUNCTION_NAME))return false;
+
+	if(!VectorType::write(os, iop)) return false;
+
+	if(iop.thisProcWriteData())
+	{
+		os.endEntry();
+		os.newLine();
+	}	
+
+	if(!os.check(FUNCTION_NAME))return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+
+
+/*template<template<class, class> class VectorField, class T, class PropType>
 bool pFlow::Field<VectorField, T, PropType>::readUniform
 ( 
 	iIstream& is,
@@ -94,10 +216,10 @@ bool pFlow::Field<VectorField, T, PropType>::readNonUniform
 		
 
 	return true;	
-}
+}*/
 
 
-template<template<class, class> class VectorField, class T, class PropType>
+/*template<template<class, class> class VectorField, class T, class PropType>
 bool pFlow::Field<VectorField, T, PropType>::readField
 (
 	iIstream& is,
@@ -178,5 +300,4 @@ bool pFlow::Field<VectorField, T, PropType>::writeField(iOstream& os)const
 	os.endEntry();
 
 	return true;
-}
-
+}*/
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Field/Field.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Field/Field.hpp
index 1a0f2448..1fa326db 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Field/Field.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Field/Field.hpp
@@ -21,226 +21,199 @@ Licence:
 #ifndef __Field_hpp__
 #define __Field_hpp__
 
+
+#include "types.hpp"
 #include "VectorSingle.hpp"
-#include "vocabs.hpp"
+#include "wordVectorHost.hpp"
+#include "Vector.hpp"
+#include "streams.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
 
-
-template<template<class, class> class VectorField, class T, class PropType=void>
+template<class T, class MemorySpace = void>
 class Field
 :
-	public VectorField<T, PropType>
+	public VectorSingle<T, MemorySpace>
 {
 public:
-	
 
-	using VectorType  		= VectorField<T,PropType>;
+	using VectorType  		= VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>;
 
-	using FieldType         = Field<VectorField, T, PropType>;
+	using FieldType         = Field<T, MemorySpace>;
 
-	using iterator        = typename VectorType::iterator;
+	using FieldTypeHost 	= Field<T, HostSpace>;
 
-  	using constIterator   = typename VectorType::constIterator;
+	using memory_space 		= typename VectorType::memory_space;
 
-	using reference       = typename VectorType::reference;
+	using execution_space 	= typename VectorType::execution_space;
+
+	using iterator        	= typename VectorType::iterator;
+
+	using const_iterator   	= typename VectorType::const_iterator;
+
+	using reference       	= typename VectorType::reference;
   	
-  	using constReference  = typename VectorType::constReference;
+	using const_reference  	= typename VectorType::const_reference;
 
-	using valueType       = typename VectorType::valueType;
+	using value_type       	= typename VectorType::value_type;
   	
-  	using pointer         = typename VectorType::pointer;
+	using pointer         	= typename VectorType::pointer;
   	
-  	using constPointer    = typename VectorType::constPointer;
+	using const_pointer    	= typename VectorType::const_pointer;
   	
 
-protected:
+private:
 	
 	static const inline word FKey = "value";
 
 	const word fieldKey_ = FKey;
 
-	bool readUniform( iIstream& is, size_t len, bool readLength = true);
-
-	bool readNonUniform( iIstream& is, size_t len);
-
 public:
 
-	// - type info
-	TypeInfoTemplateNV2("Field", T, VectorType::memoerySpaceName());
+	/// type info
+	TypeInfoTemplateNV111("Field", T, VectorType::memoerySpaceName());
 
 	//// - Constructors
 
-		// construct an empty Filed with default fieldKey
+		/// construct an empty Filed with default fieldKey
 		Field()
 		:
 			VectorType()
 		{}
 
-		// construct an empty Field with fieldKey
-		Field(const word& fieldKey)
+		Field(const word& name)
 		:
-			VectorType(),
-			fieldKey_(fieldKey)
+			VectorType(name)
 		{}
 
-		// construct an empty field with name and fieldKey 
+		/// Construct an empty field with name and fieldKey 
 		Field(const word& name, const word& fieldKey)
 		:
 			VectorType(name),
 			fieldKey_(fieldKey)
 		{}
-
-		// construct an empty Filed with default fieldKey
-		Field(size_t len)
-		:
-			VectorType(len)
-		{}
-
-		// construct an empty Field with fieldKey
-		Field(const word& fieldKey, size_t len)
-		:
-			VectorType(len),
-			fieldKey_(fieldKey)
-		{}
-
-		// construct an empty field with name and fieldKey 
+		
+		/// Construct a field with name and fieldKey and specified len
 		Field(const word& name, const word& fieldKey, size_t len)
 		:
 			VectorType(name, len),
 			fieldKey_(fieldKey)
 		{}
 
-		// construct an empty Filed with default fieldKey and set vector to val
-		Field(size_t len, const T& val)
-		:
-			VectorType(len, val)
-		{}
-
-		// construct an empty Field with fieldKey and set vector to val
-		Field(const word& fieldKey, size_t len, const T& val)
-		:
-			VectorType(len, val),
-			fieldKey_(fieldKey)
-		{}
-
-		// construct an empty field with name and fieldKey and set vector to val
+		
+		/// Construct a field with name, fieldKey and 
+		/// set length to len and value to val
 		Field(const word& name, const word& fieldKey, size_t len, const T& val)
 		:
 			VectorType(name, len, val),
 			fieldKey_(fieldKey)
 		{}
 
-		// construct a field with capacity and len and default fieldKey
-		Field(size_t capacity, size_t len, RESERVE)
+		Field(const word& name, const word& fieldKey, size_t capacity, size_t len, const T& val)
 		:
-			VectorType(capacity, len, RESERVE())
-		{}
-
-		// construct an empty Field with fieldKey
-		Field(const word& fieldKey, size_t capacity, size_t len, RESERVE)
-		:
-			VectorType(capacity, len, RESERVE()),
+			VectorType(name, len, len, RESERVE()),
 			fieldKey_(fieldKey)
-		{}
+		{
+			VectorType::fill(val);
+		}
 
-		// construct an empty field with name and fieldKey 
+		/// Construct a field with name, fieldKey, capacity and len
 		Field(const word& name, const word& fieldKey, size_t capacity, size_t len, RESERVE)
 		:
 			VectorType(name, capacity, len, RESERVE()),
 			fieldKey_(fieldKey)
 		{}
 
-		// construct with vec and default fieldKey
-		Field(const Vector<T>& vec)
-		:
-			VectorType(vec)
-		{}
-
-		// construct an empty Field with fieldKey
+		/// Construct a field with fieldKey and Vector vec
 		Field(const word& fieldKey, const Vector<T>& vec)
 		:
-			VectorType(vec),
+			VectorType(vec.name(), vec.vectorField()),
 			fieldKey_(fieldKey)
 		{}
 
-		// construct an empty field with name and fieldKey 
+		/// Construct a field with name, fieldKey and Vector vec
 		Field(const word& name, const word& fieldKey, const Vector<T>& vec)
+		:
+			VectorType(name, vec.vectorField()),
+			fieldKey_(fieldKey)
+		{}
+
+		/// Construct a field with name and fieldKey and std::vector 
+		Field(const word& name, const word& fieldKey, const std::vector<T>& vec)
 		:
 			VectorType(name, vec),
 			fieldKey_(fieldKey)
 		{}
 
-
-		// - copy construct with new name and fieldkey
+		/// Copy construct with new name and fieldkey
 		Field(const word& name, const word& fieldKey, const FieldType& src):
 			VectorType(name, src),
 			fieldKey_(fieldKey)
 		{}
 
-		// - default copy constructor
+		/// Default copy constructor
 		Field(const FieldType&) = default;
 
-		// - default copy assignment 
-		FieldType& operator = (const FieldType&) = default;
-
-		// - no move constructor 
-		Field(FieldType&&) = delete;
-
-		// - no move assignment 
-		FieldType& operator = (FieldType&&) = delete;
-
-		// - clone as a uniquePtr
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		uniquePtr<FieldType> clone() const
+		/// Copy assignment, name and fieldKey
+		/// on the left hand side are preserved
+		FieldType& operator = (const FieldType& rhs)
 		{
-			return makeUnique<FieldType>(*this);
+			if(&rhs == this) return *this;
+			VectorType::operator=(rhs);
+			return *this;
 		}
 
-		// - clone as a raw pointer 
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		FieldType* clonePtr()const
-		{
-			return new FieldType(*this);
-		}
+		/// Move constructor 
+		Field(FieldType&&) = default;
+
+		/// Move assignment 
+		FieldType& operator = (FieldType&&) = default;
 
 	//// - Methods
 
-		const word& fieldKey()const
+		/// return field key
+		word fieldKey()const
 		{
 			return fieldKey_;
 		}
-	
+
+		word name()const
+		{
+			return VectorType::name();
+		}
+
+
+		void fillField(rangeU32 span, const T& val)
+		{
+			this->fill(span, val);
+		}
+
+		void fillField(const T& val)
+		{
+			this->fill(val);
+		}
+		
 	//// - IO operations 
-		bool readField(iIstream& is, const size_t len, bool resume, bool readLength = true);
 		
+		bool read(iIstream& is);
 		
-		bool readField(iIstream& is, bool resume );
+		bool write(iOstream& os)const;			
 
-		
-		bool writeField(iOstream& os)const;
 
+		bool read(iIstream& is, const IOPattern& iop, bool resume = false);
 		
-		bool read(iIstream& is, bool resume = false)
-		{
-			return readField(is, resume);
-		}
 
-		bool write(iOstream& os)const
-		{
-			return writeField(os);
-		}
-	
+		bool write(iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop )const;			
 
 };
 
 
-template<template<class, class> class VectorField, class T, class PropType>
-inline iIstream& operator >> (iIstream & is, Field<VectorField, T, PropType> & ifld )
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+inline iIstream& operator >> (iIstream & is, Field<T, MemorySpace> & ifld )
 {
-	if( !ifld.readField(is, false) )
+	if( !ifld.read(is, IOPattern::MasterProcessorOnly) )
 	{
 		ioErrorInFile (is.name(), is.lineNumber());
 		fatalExit;
@@ -248,11 +221,11 @@ inline iIstream& operator >> (iIstream & is, Field<VectorField, T, PropType> & i
 	return is;
 }
 
-template<template<class, class> class VectorField, class T, class PropType>
-inline iOstream& operator << (iOstream& os, const Field<VectorField, T, PropType>& ofld )
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+inline iOstream& operator << (iOstream& os, const Field<T, MemorySpace>& ofld )
 {
 	
-	if( !ofld.writeField(os) )
+	if( !ofld.write(os, IOPattern::AllProcessorsDifferent) )
 	{
 		ioErrorInFile(os.name(), os.lineNumber());
 		fatalExit;
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Field/Fields.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Field/Fields.cpp
index 28779371..e76daa11 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Field/Fields.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Field/Fields.cpp
@@ -21,61 +21,14 @@ Licence:
 #include "Fields.hpp"
 
 
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::int8>;
+template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::uint8>;
 
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::int8, pFlow::HostSpace>;
+template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::uint32>;
 
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::int16>;
+template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::uint64>;
 
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::int16, pFlow::HostSpace>;
-
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::int32>;
-
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::int32, pFlow::HostSpace>;
-
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::int64>;
-
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::int64, pFlow::HostSpace>;
-
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::uint32>;
-
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::uint32, pFlow::HostSpace>;
-
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::label>;
-
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::label, pFlow::HostSpace>;
-
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::real>;
-
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::real, pFlow::HostSpace>;
-
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::realx3>;
-
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::realx3, pFlow::HostSpace>;
-
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::realx3x3>;
-
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::realx3x3, pFlow::HostSpace>;
-
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorDual, pFlow::int8>;
-
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorDual, pFlow::int16>;
-
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorDual, pFlow::int32>;
-
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorDual, pFlow::int64>;
-
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorDual, pFlow::uint32>;
-
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorDual, pFlow::label>;
-
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorDual, pFlow::real>;
-
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorDual, pFlow::realx3>;
-
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::VectorDual, pFlow::realx3x3>;
-
-
-template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::Vector, pFlow::word, pFlow::vecAllocator<pFlow::word>>;
+template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::real>;
 
+template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::realx3>;
 
+template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::word, pFlow::HostSpace>;
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Field/Fields.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Field/Fields.hpp
index 8b2ff92c..65d5ac7e 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Field/Fields.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Field/Fields.hpp
@@ -24,99 +24,54 @@ Licence:
 #include "types.hpp"
 #include "Field.hpp"
 #include "VectorSingle.hpp"
-#include "VectorDual.hpp"
+//#include "VectorDual.hpp"
 
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
+using int8Field_D 		= Field<int8>;
 
-using int8Field_D 		= Field<VectorSingle, int8>;
+using int8Field_H 		= Field<int8, HostSpace>;
 
-using int8Field_H 		= Field<VectorSingle, int8, HostSpace>;
+using int32Field_D 		= Field<int32>;
 
-using int16Field_D 		= Field<VectorSingle, int16>;
+using int32Field_H 		= Field<int32, HostSpace>;
 
-using int16Field_H 		= Field<VectorSingle, int16, HostSpace>;
+using int64Field_D 		= Field<int64>;
 
-using int32Field_D 		= Field<VectorSingle, int32>;
+using int64Field_H 		= Field<int64, HostSpace>;
 
-using int32Field_H 		= Field<VectorSingle, int32, HostSpace>;
+using uint8Field_D     = Field<uint8>;
 
-using int64Field_D 		= Field<VectorSingle, int64>;
+using uint8Field_H     = Field<uint8, HostSpace>;
 
-using int64Field_H 		= Field<VectorSingle, int64, HostSpace>;
+using uint32Field_D 	= Field<uint32>;
 
-using uint32Field_D 	= Field<VectorSingle, uint32>;
+using uint32Field_H 	= Field<uint32, HostSpace>;
 
-using uint32Field_H 	= Field<VectorSingle, uint32, HostSpace>;
+using uint64Field_D 		= Field<uint64>;
 
-using labelField_D 		= Field<VectorSingle, label>;
+using uint64Field_H 		= Field<uint64, HostSpace> ;
 
-using labelField_H 		= Field<VectorSingle, label, HostSpace> ;
+using uint32x3Field_D   = Field<uint32x3>;
 
-using realField_D 		= Field<VectorSingle, real>;
+using uint32x3Field_H   = Field<uint32x3, HostSpace>;
 
-using realField_H 		= Field<VectorSingle, real, HostSpace> ;
+using realField_D 		= Field<real>;
 
-using realx3Field_D 	= Field<VectorSingle, realx3>;
+using realField_H 		= Field<real, HostSpace> ;
 
-using realx3Field_H 	= Field<VectorSingle, realx3, HostSpace>;
+using realx3Field_D 	= Field<realx3>;
 
-using uint16x3Field_D 	= Field<VectorSingle, uint16x3>;
+using realx3Field_H 	= Field<realx3, HostSpace>;
 
-using uint16x3Field_H 	= Field<VectorSingle, uint16x3, HostSpace>;
+using realx3x3Field_D 	= Field<realx3x3>;
 
-using uint32x3Field_D   = Field<VectorSingle, uint32x3>;
-
-using uint32x3Field_H   = Field<VectorSingle, uint32x3, HostSpace>;
-
-using int32x3Field_D 	= Field<VectorSingle, int32x3>;
-
-using int32x3Field_H 	= Field<VectorSingle, int32x3, HostSpace>;
-
-using int64x3Field_D 	= Field<VectorSingle, int64x3>;
-
-using int64x3Field_H 	= Field<VectorSingle, int64x3, HostSpace>;
-
-using realx3x3Field_D 	= Field<VectorSingle, realx3x3>;
-
-using realx3x3Field_H 	= Field<VectorSingle, realx3x3, HostSpace>;
+using realx3x3Field_H 	= Field<realx3x3, HostSpace>;
 
 // - no typedef on device (since word does not compile on CUDA)
-using wordField_H 		= Field<VectorSingle, word, HostSpace>;
-
-
-// host device fields
-using int8Field_HD 		= Field<VectorDual, int8>;
-
-using int16Field_HD 	= Field<VectorDual, int16>;
-
-using int32Field_HD 	= Field<VectorDual, int32>;
-
-using int64Field_HD 	= Field<VectorDual, int64>;
-
-using uint32Field_HD 	= Field<VectorDual, uint32>;
-
-using labelField_HD 	= Field<VectorDual, label>;
-
-using realField_HD 		= Field<VectorDual, real>;
-
-using realx3Field_HD 	= Field<VectorDual, realx3>;
-
-using uint16x3Field_HD 	= Field<VectorDual, uint32x3>;
-
-using uint32x3Field_HD  = Field<VectorDual, uint32x3>;
-
-using int32x3Field_HD 	= Field<VectorDual, int32x3>;
-
-using int64x3Field_HD 	= Field<VectorDual, int64x3>;
-
-using realx3x3Field_HD 	= Field<VectorDual, realx3x3>;
-
-
-using wordField 		= Field<Vector, word , vecAllocator<word>>; 
-
+using wordField_H 		= Field<word, HostSpace>;
 
 
 }
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/List/List/List.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/List/List/List.hpp
index e416ae92..ca39e1e9 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/List/List/List.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/List/List/List.hpp
@@ -49,11 +49,11 @@ public:
 
 	using iterator 		= typename listType::iterator;
 	
-	using constIterator = typename listType::const_iterator;
+	using const_iterator = typename listType::const_iterator;
 	
 	using reference 	= typename listType::reference;
 	
-	using constReference= typename listType::const_reference;
+	using const_reference= typename listType::const_reference;
 	
 	using initList 		= typename std::initializer_list<T>;
 	
@@ -62,12 +62,7 @@ public:
 
 protected:
 
-	// position of ith element
-	auto pos(size_t i);
-
-	// position of ith element 
-	const auto pos(size_t i)const;
-
+	
 	static inline size_t getListStride(const size_t& len)
 	{
 		size_t stride = 1;
@@ -86,7 +81,7 @@ protected:
 public:
 
 	// - Type info
-	TypeInfoTemplateNV("List", T);
+	TypeInfoTemplateNV11("List", T);
 
 	//// - Constructors
 
@@ -114,30 +109,19 @@ public:
 
 
 		// - copy construct
-		List(const List& src):
-			listType(src)
-		{}
+		List(const List& src) = default;
+			
 
 		// - move construct
-		List( List && mv)
-		:
-			listType(std::move(mv))
-		{}
-
+		List( List && mv) = default;
+		
 		// - copy assignment
-		ListType& operator=(const ListType& rhs)
-		{
-			listType::operator=(rhs);
-			return *this;
-		}
+		ListType& operator=(const ListType& rhs) = default;
+		
 
 		// - move assignment
-		ListType& operator=(ListType&& rhs)
-		{
-			listType::operator=(std::move(rhs));
-			return *this;
-		}	
-
+		ListType& operator=(ListType&& rhs) = default;
+		
 
 		uniquePtr<ListType> clone()const{
 			return makeUnique<ListType>(*this);
@@ -162,6 +146,12 @@ public:
 		// - size of container
 		size_t size()const;
 		
+		// position of ith element
+		auto pos(size_t i, bool noError = false);
+
+		// position of ith element 
+		const auto pos(size_t i, bool noError = false)const;
+
 		// - access to ith element
 		//   fatal exit if out of range
 		T& operator[](size_t i);
@@ -172,7 +162,7 @@ public:
 		
 		// - find the position of the first element with value val
 		//   cend() if not found
-		constIterator find(const T& val) const;
+		const_iterator find(const T& val) const;
 		
 		// - find the position of the first element with value val
 		//    end() if not found
@@ -227,9 +217,8 @@ iIstream& operator >>(iIstream& is, List<T>& lst);
 
 using int64List 	= List<int64>;
 using int32List 	= List<int32>;
-using int16List 	= List<int16>;
 using int8List 		= List<int8>;
-using labelList 	= List<label>;
+using uint64List 	= List<uint64>;
 using uint32List 	= List<uint32>;
 
 using realList 		= List<real>;
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/List/List/ListI.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/List/List/ListI.hpp
index 60caf3b2..c46d3efa 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/List/List/ListI.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/List/List/ListI.hpp
@@ -21,14 +21,22 @@ Licence:
 template<typename T>
 auto pFlow::List<T>::pos
 (
-	size_t i
+	size_t i,
+	bool noError
 )
 {
 	if( i >= size() )
 	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"our of range access to list element. \n";
-		fatalExit;
+		if(noError)
+		{
+			return std::end(*this);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"out of range access to list element. \n";
+			fatalExit;
+		}
 	}
 	auto iter = listType::begin();
 	std::advance(iter, i);
@@ -38,14 +46,22 @@ auto pFlow::List<T>::pos
 template<typename T>
 const auto pFlow::List<T>::pos
 (
-	size_t i
+	size_t i,
+	bool noError
 )const 
 {
 	if( i >= size() )
 	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"our of range access to list element. \n";
-		fatalExit;
+		if(noError)
+		{
+			return std::end(*this);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"out of range access to list element. \n";
+			fatalExit;
+		}
 	}
 	auto iter = listType::cbegin();
 	std::advance(iter, i);
@@ -88,7 +104,7 @@ inline const T& pFlow::List<T>::operator[]
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-inline typename  pFlow::List<T>::constIterator pFlow::List<T>::find
+inline typename  pFlow::List<T>::const_iterator pFlow::List<T>::find
 (
 	const T& val
 ) const
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/List/ListPtr/ListPtr.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/List/ListPtr/ListPtr.hpp
index 8d12d1a6..efe0fc50 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/List/ListPtr/ListPtr.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/List/ListPtr/ListPtr.hpp
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ Licence:
 #include "error.hpp"
 #include "iOstream.hpp"
 
-
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
@@ -40,8 +39,12 @@ class ListPtr
 public:
 
 	using ListPtrType 		= ListPtr<T> ; 
+	
 	using listType 			= std::list<T*>;
 
+	using iterator 			= typename listType::iterator;
+
+	using const_iterator 	= typename listType::const_iterator;
 
 	template<typename... Args>
     inline static uniquePtr<T> makeSafe(Args&&... args)
@@ -64,21 +67,21 @@ protected:
 		bool copy(const ListPtrType& src);
 
 		// - return ith pointer
-		T* ptr(label i);
+		T* ptr(size_t i);
 
 		// - return ith const poiter
-		const T* ptr(label i)const;
+		const T* ptr(size_t i)const;
 
 		// - iterator position of ith element
-		auto pos(label i);
+		auto pos(size_t i);
 		
 		// - const iterator position of ith element
-		auto pos(label i) const;
+		auto pos(size_t i) const;
 
 public:
 
 	// - Type info
-	TypeInfoTemplateNV("ListPtr", T);
+	TypeInfoTemplateNV11("ListPtr", T);
 	
 	//// - Contructors 
 
@@ -91,7 +94,7 @@ public:
 		// - a list with initial length of len
 		ListPtr(size_t len)
 		:
-			list_(len)
+			list_(len, nullptr)
 		{}
 
 		// - copy construct, create new objects out of the pointers in the src 
@@ -141,21 +144,21 @@ public:
 	//// - Methods 
 
 		// - set the ith element 
-		T* set(label i, T* ptr);
+		uniquePtr<T> set(size_t i, T* ptr);
 		
 		// - set the ith element and take the ownership from uniquePtr
-		uniquePtr<T> set(label i, uniquePtr<T>& ptr );
+		uniquePtr<T> set(size_t i, uniquePtr<T>&& ptr );
 		
 		// - create the object in-place and set the pointer in ith position
 		//   if oject creation fails, uniquePtr deletes the memeory
 		template<typename... Args>
-	    uniquePtr<T> setSafe(label i, Args&&... args);
+	    uniquePtr<T> setSafe(size_t i, Args&&... args);
 	    
 	    // - put the pointer at the end
 	    void push_back(T* ptr);
 	    
 	    // - put the pointer at the end
-	    void push_back(uniquePtr<T>& ptr);
+	    void push_back(uniquePtr<T>&& ptr);
 	    
 	    // - safely create (in-place) and put the pointer at the end
 	    template<typename... Args>
@@ -163,11 +166,11 @@ public:
 	    
 		// - access to ith element
 		//   fatalexit if out of range or nullptr    
-		T& operator[](label i);
+		T& operator[](size_t i);
 		
 		// - const access to ith element
 		//   fatalexit if out of range or nullptr    
-		const T& operator[](label i) const;
+		const T& operator[](size_t i) const;
 
 		// size of container
 	    size_t size()const;
@@ -176,15 +179,33 @@ public:
 		auto empty() const;
 
 		// release the ownership of ith pointer 
-		uniquePtr<T> release(label i);
+		uniquePtr<T> release(size_t i);
 		
 		// - clear the content of list and delete objects
 		void clear();
 		
 		// - clear the ith element
-		void clear(label i);	
+		void clear(size_t i);	
 		
-		// - clone the object 
+		iterator begin()		
+		{
+			return list_.begin();
+		}
+		
+		const_iterator begin()const
+		{
+			return list_.begin();
+		}
+
+		iterator end()
+		{
+			return list_.end();
+		}
+
+		const_iterator end()const
+		{
+			return list_.end();
+		}
 		
 };
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/List/ListPtr/ListPtrI.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/List/ListPtr/ListPtrI.hpp
index 2d476154..861239de 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/List/ListPtr/ListPtrI.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/List/ListPtr/ListPtrI.hpp
@@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ inline bool pFlow::ListPtr<T>::copy(const ListPtrType& src)
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-T* pFlow::ListPtr<T>::ptr(label i) 
+inline
+T* pFlow::ListPtr<T>::ptr(size_t i) 
 {
 
 	if(i >= size() ) return nullptr;	
@@ -51,9 +52,10 @@ T* pFlow::ListPtr<T>::ptr(label i)
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 const T* pFlow::ListPtr<T>::ptr
 (
-	label i
+	size_t i
 ) const
 {
 
@@ -66,9 +68,10 @@ const T* pFlow::ListPtr<T>::ptr
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 auto pFlow::ListPtr<T>::pos
 (
-	label i
+	size_t i
 )
 {
 	if(i >= size() ) 
@@ -84,9 +87,10 @@ auto pFlow::ListPtr<T>::pos
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 auto pFlow::ListPtr<T>::pos
 (
-	label i
+	size_t i
 )const 
 {
 	if(i >= size() ) 
@@ -102,6 +106,7 @@ auto pFlow::ListPtr<T>::pos
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 pFlow::ListPtr<T>::ListPtr
 (
 	const ListPtrType& src
@@ -119,6 +124,7 @@ pFlow::ListPtr<T>::ListPtr
 
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 pFlow::ListPtr<T>& pFlow::ListPtr<T>::operator=
 (
 	const ListPtrType& rhs
@@ -144,9 +150,10 @@ pFlow::ListPtr<T>& pFlow::ListPtr<T>::operator=
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-T* pFlow::ListPtr<T>::set
+inline
+pFlow::uniquePtr<T> pFlow::ListPtr<T>::set
 (
-	label i, T* ptr
+	size_t i, T* ptr
 )
 {
 	uniquePtr<T> uptr(ptr);
@@ -155,10 +162,11 @@ T* pFlow::ListPtr<T>::set
 
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 pFlow::uniquePtr<T> pFlow::ListPtr<T>::set
 (
-	label i,
-	uniquePtr<T>& ptr
+	size_t i,
+	uniquePtr<T>&& ptr
 )
 {
 	if( i > size() )
@@ -171,18 +179,18 @@ pFlow::uniquePtr<T> pFlow::ListPtr<T>::set
 
 	auto iter = list_.begin();
 	std::advance(iter, i);
-	auto oldIter = iter;
+	T* oldPtr = *iter;
 	*iter = ptr.release();
-	return *oldIter;
-
+	return uniquePtr<T>(oldPtr);
 }
 
 
 template<typename T>
 template<typename... Args>
+inline
 pFlow::uniquePtr<T> pFlow::ListPtr<T>::setSafe
 (
-	label i,
+	size_t i,
 	Args&&... args
 )
 {
@@ -191,6 +199,7 @@ pFlow::uniquePtr<T> pFlow::ListPtr<T>::setSafe
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 void pFlow::ListPtr<T>::push_back
 (
 	T* ptr
@@ -200,23 +209,26 @@ void pFlow::ListPtr<T>::push_back
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-void pFlow::ListPtr<T>::push_back(uniquePtr<T>& ptr)
+inline
+void pFlow::ListPtr<T>::push_back(uniquePtr<T>&& ptr)
 {
 	list_.push_back( ptr.release() );
 }
 
 template<typename T>
 template<typename... Args>
+inline
 void pFlow::ListPtr<T>::push_backSafe(Args&&... args)
 {
-	auto ptr=makeUnique<T>(std::forward<Args>(args)...) ;
+	uniquePtr<T> ptr = makeUnique<T>(std::forward<Args>(args)...) ;
 	push_back(ptr);
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 T& pFlow::ListPtr<T>::operator[]
 (
-	label i
+	size_t i
 )
 {
 	T* p = ptr(i);
@@ -232,9 +244,10 @@ T& pFlow::ListPtr<T>::operator[]
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 const T& pFlow::ListPtr<T>::operator[]
 (
-	label i
+	size_t i
 ) const
 {
 	const T* p = ptr(i);
@@ -249,21 +262,24 @@ const T& pFlow::ListPtr<T>::operator[]
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 size_t pFlow::ListPtr<T>::size()const
 {
 	return list_.size();
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 auto pFlow::ListPtr<T>::empty() const
 {
 	return list_.emtpy();
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 pFlow::uniquePtr<T> pFlow::ListPtr<T>::release
 (
-	label i
+	size_t i
 )
 {
 	auto p = ptr(i);
@@ -271,24 +287,30 @@ pFlow::uniquePtr<T> pFlow::ListPtr<T>::release
 	return p;
 }
 
+
+
 template<typename T>
+inline
 void pFlow::ListPtr<T>::clear()
 {
+	
 	for( auto iter = list_.begin(); iter != list_.end(); ++iter )
 	{
 		if(*iter != nullptr)
-		{
+		{	
 			delete *iter;
 			*iter = nullptr;
-		}
+		}	
 	}
+
 	list_.clear();
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 void pFlow::ListPtr<T>::clear
 (
-	label i
+	size_t i
 )
 {
 	T* p = ptr(i);
diff --git a/src/Particles/particles/particleIdHandler.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/List/anyList/anyList.cpp
similarity index 75%
rename from src/Particles/particles/particleIdHandler.hpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/containers/List/anyList/anyList.cpp
index d93e6b1f..c66ad975 100644
--- a/src/Particles/particles/particleIdHandler.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/List/anyList/anyList.cpp
@@ -18,33 +18,26 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-#ifndef __particleIdHandler_hpp__
-#define __particleIdHandler_hpp__
+
+#include "anyList.hpp"
 
 
-#include "pointFields.hpp"
-
-namespace pFlow
+size_t pFlow::anyList::size()const
 {
-
-class particleIdHandler
-{
-protected:
-	int32 nextId_=0;
-public:
-	particleIdHandler(int32PointField_HD & id);
-	
-	int32 getNextId()
-	{
-		return nextId_++;
-	}
-
-	int32 nextId() const
-	{
-		return nextId_;
-	}
-};
-
+	return anyList_.size();
 }
 
-#endif
+bool pFlow::anyList::empty()const
+{
+	return size()==0;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::anyList::contains(const word& name)const
+{
+	return names_.search(name);
+}
+
+const pFlow::wordList& pFlow::anyList::names()const
+{
+	return names_;
+}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/List/anyList/anyList.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/List/anyList/anyList.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c8abef63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/List/anyList/anyList.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __anyList_hpp__
+#define __anyList_hpp__
+
+#include <any>
+
+#include "typeInfo.hpp"
+#include "types.hpp"
+#include "List.hpp"
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+
+class anyList
+{
+
+public:
+
+	using anyListType 	= List<std::any>;
+
+	using reference 	= typename anyListType::reference;
+
+	using iterator 		= typename anyListType::iterator;
+
+	using const_iterator= typename anyListType::const_iterator;
+
+private:
+
+	/// Contains a list of variables with any type 
+	anyListType 	anyList_;
+
+	/// List of variable names in anyList_ 
+	wordList 		names_;
+
+	wordList 		types_;	
+
+public:
+
+	// - Type info
+	TypeInfoNV("anyList");
+
+	//// - Constructors
+
+		// All five constructors are created by compiler 
+	
+
+	//// -  Methods
+		
+		/// Size of container
+		size_t size()const;
+
+		/// Is container empty
+		bool empty()const;
+
+		/// Does container contain this variable name?
+		bool contains(const word& name)const;
+
+		/// List of varibales names
+		const wordList& names()const;
+
+		/// Create variable using constructor in-place 
+		template<typename T, typename... Args>
+		reference emplaceBack(const word& name, Args&&... args)
+		{
+			if( contains(name))
+			{
+				fatalErrorInFunction<<
+				"variable name "<< name << " already exists in the anyList."<<endl<<
+				"list of variables is "<<names_<<endl;
+				fatalExit;
+			}
+			names_.push_back(name);
+			types_.push_back(getTypeName<T>());
+			return anyList_.emplace_back( 
+				std::in_place_type<T>, 
+				std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+
+		/// Create variable using copy constructor
+		template<typename T>
+		reference emplaceBack(const word& name, const T & other)
+		{
+			if( contains(name) )
+			{
+				fatalErrorInFunction<<
+				"variable name "<< name << " already exists in the anyList."<<endl<<
+				"list of variables is "<<names_<<endl;
+				fatalExit;
+			}
+			names_.push_back(name);
+			types_.push_back(getTypeName(other));
+			return anyList_.emplace_back(std::in_place_type<T>, other);
+		}
+
+		/// Create variable using move constructor 
+		template<typename T>
+		reference emplaceBack(const word& name, T&& other)
+		{
+			if( contains(name) )
+			{
+				fatalErrorInFunction<<
+				"variable name "<< name << " already exists in the anyList."<<endl<<
+				"list of variables is "<<names_<<endl;
+				fatalExit;
+			}
+			names_.push_back(name);
+			types_.push_back(getTypeName(other));
+			return anyList_.emplace_back(std::in_place_type<T>, std::forward<T>(other));
+		}
+
+		/// Get the reference to variable by index
+		template<typename T>
+		T& getObject(size_t i)
+		{
+			if(getTypeName<T>() != types_[i])
+			{
+				fatalErrorInFunction<<
+				"requested object type is "<<getTypeName<T>()<<
+				" while strored type is "<<types_[i]<<
+				" for object "<< names_[i]<<endl;
+				fatalExit;
+			}
+
+			std::any *a = &(*anyList_.pos(i));
+			if(!a->has_value())
+			{
+				fatalErrorInFunction<<
+				"any does not have a value for dereferencing. "<<
+				"index in anyList is "<<i<<"."<<endl;
+				fatalExit;
+			}
+			return *std::any_cast<T>(a);
+		}
+
+		/// Get the reference to variable by name 
+		template<typename T>
+		T& getObject(const word& name)
+		{
+			int32 i = names_.findi(name);
+			if(i == -1 )
+			{
+				fatalErrorInFunction<<
+				"variable name "<< name << " does not exist in the anyList."<<endl<<
+				"list of variables is "<<names_<<endl;
+				fatalExit;
+			}
+			return getObject<T>(static_cast<size_t>(i));
+		}
+
+		/// Get the const reference to variable by name 
+		template<typename T>
+		const T& getObject(const word& name)const
+		{
+			int32 i = names_.findi(name);
+			if(i == -1 )
+			{
+				fatalErrorInFunction<<
+				"variable name "<< name << " does not exist in the anyList."<<endl<<
+				"list of variables is "<<names_<<endl;
+				fatalExit;
+			}
+			return getObject<T>(static_cast<size_t>(i));
+		}
+
+		/// Get the const reference to object by index
+		template<typename T>
+		const T& getObject(size_t i)const
+		{
+			if(getTypeName<T>() != types_[i])
+			{
+				fatalErrorInFunction<<
+				"requested object type is "<<getTypeName<T>()<<
+				" while strored type is "<<types_[i]<<
+				" for object "<< names_[i]<<endl;
+				fatalExit;
+			}
+
+			const std::any *a = &(*anyList_.pos(i));
+			if(!a->has_value())
+			{
+				fatalErrorInFunction<<
+				"any does not have a value for dereferencing. "<<
+				"index in anyList is "<<i<<"."<<endl;
+				fatalExit;
+			}
+			return *std::any_cast<const T>(a);
+		}
+
+		/// Get the pointer to variable by index
+		template<typename T>
+		T* getObjectPtr(size_t i)
+		{
+			if(i>= size())return nullptr;
+
+			if(getTypeName<T>() != types_[i])
+			{
+				warningInFunction<<
+				"requested object type is "<<getTypeName<T>()<<
+				" while strored type is "<<types_[i]<<
+				" for object "<< names_[i]<<endl;
+				return nullptr;
+			}
+
+			std::any *a = &(*anyList_.pos(i));
+			if( a->has_value())
+			{
+				return std::any_cast<T>(a);	
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				return nullptr;
+			}	
+		}
+
+		/// Get the const pointer to variable by index 
+		template<typename T>
+		const T* getObjectPtr(size_t i)const
+		{
+			if(i>=size())return nullptr;
+			if(getTypeName<T>() != types_[i])
+			{
+				warningInFunction<<
+				"requested object type is "<<getTypeName<T>()<<
+				" while strored type is "<<types_[i]<<
+				" for object "<< names_[i]<<endl;
+				return nullptr;
+			}
+
+			const std::any *a = &(*anyList_.pos(i));
+			if( a->has_value())
+			{
+				return std::any_cast<const T>(a);	
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				return nullptr;
+			}	
+		}
+			
+};
+
+
+
+} // pFlow
+
+
+#endif //__anyList_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Map/Map/Map.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Map/Map/Map.hpp
index 16c0b9d3..b417aa55 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Map/Map/Map.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Map/Map/Map.hpp
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ public:
 	using valueType 	= typename mapType::value_type;
 
 	// - type info 
-	TypeInfoTemplateNV("Map", Key);
+	TypeInfoTemplateNV11("Map", Key);
 
 	//// - Constructors
 
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ template<typename T>
 using wordMap = Map<word,T>;
 
 template<typename T>
-using labelMap = Map<label,T>;
+using uint64Map = Map<uint64,T>;
 
 template<typename T>
 using uint32Map = Map<uint32,T>;
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ template<typename T>
 inline iOstream& printKeys(iOstream& os, const wordMap<T> & m);
 
 template<typename T>
-inline iOstream& printKeys(iOstream& os, const labelMap<T> & m);
+inline iOstream& printKeys(iOstream& os, const uint64Map<T> & m);
 
 template<typename T>
 inline iOstream& printKeys(iOstream& os, const uint32Map<T> & m);
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Map/Map/MapI.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Map/Map/MapI.hpp
index 7d52ea7e..7b28efcd 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Map/Map/MapI.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Map/Map/MapI.hpp
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ inline iOstream& printKeys(iOstream& os, const uint32Map<T> & m)
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-inline iOstream& printKeys(iOstream& os, const labelMap<T> & m)
+inline iOstream& printKeys(iOstream& os, const uint64Map<T> & m)
 {
 	if (m.empty())
 		return os<<"labelMap is empty"<<endl;
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Map/MapPtr/MapPtr.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Map/MapPtr/MapPtr.hpp
index ad9dfed4..7bce67c7 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Map/MapPtr/MapPtr.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Map/MapPtr/MapPtr.hpp
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ protected:
 public:
 
 	// - type info
-	TypeInfoTemplateNV("MapPtr", Key);
+	TypeInfoTemplateNV11("MapPtr", Key);
 
 	//// Contructors 
 	
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Map/hashMap/hashMap.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Map/hashMap/hashMap.hpp
index b6eabc69..042800f5 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Map/hashMap/hashMap.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Map/hashMap/hashMap.hpp
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ public:
 	
 	using hashmapType 	= std::unordered_map<Key, T, Hash>;
 
+	using hasher 		= typename hashmapType::hasher;
+
 	using iterator 		= typename hashmapType::iterator;
 	
 	using constIterator = typename hashmapType::const_iterator;
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ public:
 	using valueType 	= typename hashmapType::value_type;
 
 	
-	TypeInfoTemplateNV("hashMap", Key);
+	TypeInfoTemplateNV11("hashMap", Key);
 
 	//// - Constructors
 
@@ -75,46 +77,24 @@ public:
 		{}
 
 		// - Copy construct
-		hashMap(const hashMapType & src)
-		:
-			hashmapType(src)
-		{}
+		hashMap(const hashMapType & src) = default;
 
 		// - Move construct 
-		hashMap( hashMapType&& src)
-		:
-			hashmapType(std::move(src))
-		{}
+		hashMap( hashMapType&& src) = default;
 
 		// - Copy assignment
-		hashMapType& operator=(const hashMapType& rhs)
-		{
-			hashmapType::operator=(rhs);
-			return *this;
-		}
-
+		hashMapType& operator=(const hashMapType& rhs) = default;
+		
 		// - Move assignment
-		hashMapType& operator=(hashMapType&& rhs)
-		{
-			hashmapType::operator=( std::move(rhs));
-			return *this;
-		}
-
+		hashMapType& operator=(hashMapType&& rhs) = default;
+		
 		uniquePtr<hashMapType> clone()const
 		{
 			return makeUnique<hashMapType>(*this);
 		}
 
-		hashMapType* clonePtr()const
-		{
-			return new hashMapType(*this);
-		}	
-
-		~hashMap()
-		{
-			this->clear();
-		}
-
+		~hashMap() = default;
+	
 
 	//// - Methods	
 
@@ -140,7 +120,7 @@ template<typename T>
 using wordHashMap = hashMap<word,T>;
 
 template<typename T>
-using labelHashMap = hashMap<label,T>;
+using uint64HashMap = hashMap<uint64,T>;
 
 template<typename T>
 using uint32HashMap = hashMap<uint32,T>;
@@ -155,7 +135,7 @@ template<typename T>
 inline iOstream& printKeys(iOstream& os, const wordHashMap<T> & m);
 
 template<typename T>
-inline iOstream& printKeys(iOstream& os, const labelHashMap<T> & m);
+inline iOstream& printKeys(iOstream& os, const uint64HashMap<T> & m);
 
 template<typename T>
 inline iOstream& printKeys(iOstream& os, const uint32HashMap<T> & m);
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Map/hashMap/hashMapI.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Map/hashMap/hashMapI.hpp
index 74e85e6d..4c45687a 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Map/hashMap/hashMapI.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Map/hashMap/hashMapI.hpp
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ inline iOstream& printKeys(iOstream& os, const wordHashMap<T> & m)
 
 
 template<typename T>
-inline iOstream& printKeys(iOstream& os, const labelHashMap<T> & m)
+inline iOstream& printKeys(iOstream& os, const uint64HashMap<T> & m)
 {
 	if (m.empty())
 		return os<<"labelHashMap is empty"<<endl;
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Set/Set.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Set/Set.hpp
index 3b6ea999..3c619f0b 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Set/Set.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Set/Set.hpp
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ Licence:
 
 #include <set>
 
+#include "types.hpp"
+
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
@@ -30,6 +32,9 @@ namespace pFlow
 template<typename Key>
 using Set = std::set<Key,std::less<Key>,std::allocator<Key>>;
 
+using wordSet = Set<word>;
+
+
 }
 
 #endif 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/Vector.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/Vector.cpp
index 7c0c9db3..ec729fc2 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/Vector.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/Vector.cpp
@@ -19,123 +19,28 @@ Licence:
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 
-template<typename T, typename Allocator>
-pFlow::Vector<T, Allocator>::Vector(iIstream& is)
-{
-	readVector(is);
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename Allocator>
+/*template<typename T, typename Allocator>
 bool pFlow::Vector<T, Allocator>::readVector
 (
 	iIstream& is,
-	size_t len
+	const IOPattern& iop
 )
 {
-	
-
-	if(is.isBinary() && !std::is_same_v<T,word>)
-	{
-		this->resize(len);
-		is.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(this->data()), this->size()*sizeof(T));	
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		this->clear();
-		is.fatalCheck(FUNCTION_NAME);
-
-		token firstToken(is);
-
-		T val{};
-		if( firstToken.isPunctuation() ) // start of vector 
-		{
-			if(firstToken != token::BEGIN_LIST)
-			{
-				warningInFunction
-				<< "expected token "<< token::BEGIN_LIST 
-				<< " but found "<< firstToken ;
-				return false;
-
-			}
-
-			token lastToken(is);
-			
-			
-			is.fatalCheck(FUNCTION_NAME);
-			
-			while 
-				( !(
-						lastToken.isPunctuation()
-	             	&& lastToken == token::END_LIST
-	             	 
-	             	) 
-	            )
-			{
-
-				is.putBack(lastToken);
-				
-				is >> val;
-				this->push_back(val);
-				
-				is >> lastToken;
-				is.fatalCheck(FUNCTION_NAME);
-			}
-
-		} else
-		{
-			warningInFunction
-			<< "expected token "<< token::BEGIN_LIST 
-			<< " but found "<< firstToken ;
-			return false;
-		}
-	}
-
-	
-
-	return true;
+	return readStdVector(is, vectorField(), iop);
 }
 
 
 template<typename T, typename Allocator>
 bool pFlow::Vector<T, Allocator>::writeVector
 (
-	iOstream& os
+	iOstream& os,
+	const IOPattern& iop
 ) const
 {
-	// start of 
-	if( os.isBinary() && !std::is_same_v<T,word>)
-	{
-		os.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(this->data()), this->size()*sizeof(T));
-	}
-	else
-	{
+	return writeStdVector(os, vectorField(), iop);	
+}*/
 
-		auto len = size();
-		auto stride  = getVectorStride(len);
-		os << token::BEGIN_LIST;
-		label i = 0;
-		while( i<len )
-		{
-
-			os << this->operator[](i++);
-			for(label j=0; j<stride-1 && i<len; j++ )
-			{
-				os << token::SPACE << this->operator[](i++);	
-			}
-
-		 	if(i<len)
-		 		os<< token::NL;
-		}
-	    
-	    os << token::END_LIST;
-
-	    os.check(FUNCTION_NAME);
-	}
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename Allocator>
+/*template<typename T, typename Allocator>
 bool pFlow::Vector<T, Allocator>::deleteElement_sorted
 (
 	const Vector<label>& indices
@@ -384,4 +289,4 @@ inline bool pFlow::Vector<T, Allocator>::insertSetElement
 	}
 	
 	return true;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}*/
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/Vector.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/Vector.hpp
index c8d354ee..6b6eda77 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/Vector.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/Vector.hpp
@@ -29,10 +29,12 @@ Licence:
 #include "error.hpp"
 #include "uniquePtr.hpp"
 #include "stdAlgorithms.hpp"
-#include "indexContainer.hpp"
+#include "span.hpp"
 #include "iOstream.hpp"
 #include "iIstream.hpp"
 
+#include "stdVectorHelper.hpp"
+
 #ifndef __RESERVE__
 #define __RESERVE__
 	struct RESERVE{};
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ Licence:
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
-
+ 
 
 template<typename T, typename Allocator>
 class Vector;
@@ -48,18 +50,7 @@ class Vector;
 #include "VectorFwd.hpp"
 
 
-template <class T>
-class noConstructAllocator
-    : public std::allocator<T>
-{
-public:
-    using std::allocator<T>::allocator;
 
-    template <class U, class... Args> void construct(U*, Args&&...) {}
-};
-
-template<typename T>
-using vecAllocator = std::allocator<T>;
 
 template<typename T, typename Allocator = vecAllocator<T> >
 class Vector
@@ -68,109 +59,77 @@ class Vector
 {
 public:
 	
-	typedef Vector<T, Allocator>					VectorType;
+	using VectorType 		= Vector<T, Allocator>;
 
-	typedef typename std::vector<T, Allocator>		vectorType;
+	using vectorType 		= typename std::vector<T, Allocator>;
 
-	typedef typename vectorType::iterator 			iterator;
+	using iterator 			= typename vectorType::iterator;
 	
-	typedef typename vectorType::const_iterator 	constIterator;
+	using const_iterator 	= typename vectorType::const_iterator;
 	
-	typedef typename vectorType::reference 			reference;
+	using reference 		= typename vectorType::reference;
 	
-	typedef typename vectorType::const_reference 	constReference;
+	using const_reference 	= typename vectorType::const_reference;
 	
-	typedef  T 										valueType; 		
+	using value_type 		= T; 		
 
-	typedef  T* 									pointer;
+	using pointer 			= T *;
 
-	typedef const T*  								constPointer;
+	using const_pointer 	= const T *;
 
-	typedef typename std::initializer_list<T> 		initList;
+	using init_list 		= typename std::initializer_list<T>;
 
-protected:
+private:
 
 	// - name of the vector  
 	word name_;
 
-	static inline size_t getVectorStride(const size_t& len)
-	{
-		size_t stride = 1;
-		if( len < 6 ) 		stride = len;
-		else if( len <16 )  stride = 3;
-		else if( len < 31)  stride = 2;
-		else				stride = 1;
-
-		return stride;
-	}
 
 	static constexpr bool  isHostAccessible_ = true;
 
-	constexpr static inline const char* memoerySpaceName()
-  	{
-  		return "std";
-  	}
+	
   	
 
 public:
 
 	// - Type info
-	TypeInfoTemplateNV2("Vector", T, memoerySpaceName());
+	TypeInfoTemplateNV111("Vector", T, memoerySpaceName());
 
 	//// - Constructors
 
-		// - empty Vector
+		/// Empty Vector
 		inline Vector()
 		:
 			Vector("Vector")
 		{}
 
-		inline Vector(const word& name)
+
+		/// Empty Vector with a name 
+		inline 
+		explicit Vector(const word& name)
 		:
 			name_(name)
 		{}
-		// - with sepcified length
-		inline Vector(const size_t len)
-		:
-			Vector("Vector",len)
-		{}
 
-		// - with specified length and name
-		inline Vector(const word& name, size_t len)
+		
+		/// Vector with specified length and name
+		inline 
+		Vector(const word& name, size_t len)
 		:
 			vectorType(len),
 			name_(name)
-		{
-			
-		}
-
-		// - with length and value
-		inline Vector(size_t len, const T& val)
-		:
-			Vector("Vector", len, val)
 		{}
 
-		inline Vector(const word& name, size_t len, const T& val)
+		/// Vector with name, length and value
+		inline 
+		Vector(const word& name, size_t len, const T& val)
 		:
 			Vector(name, len)
 		{
 			this->assign(len, val);
 		}
 
-		// - zero length with specified capacity, use Logical
-		//   to make it different from previous constructor.
-		inline Vector(const size_t cap, RESERVE ):
-			Vector("Vector", cap, 0, RESERVE())
-		{
-		}
-
-		inline Vector(const size_t cap, const size_t len, RESERVE )
-		:
-			Vector("Vector", cap, len, RESERVE())
-		{
-			
-		}
-
+		/// Vector with name, size and reserved capacity 
 		Vector(const word& name, size_t cap, size_t len, RESERVE ):
 			name_(name)
 		{
@@ -178,142 +137,253 @@ public:
 			this->resize(len);
 		}
 
-		inline Vector(const size_t cap, const size_t len, const T& val, RESERVE )
-		{
-			name_ = "Vector";
-			reserve(cap);
-			this->assign(len, val);
-		}
 
-
-		// from initializer list 
-		inline Vector(const initList &l)
+		/// Vector from name and initializer list 
+		inline 
+		Vector(const word& name, const init_list &l)
 		:
-			vectorType(l)
+			vectorType(l),
+			name_(name)
 		{}
 
-		// - from src and a new name
-		inline Vector(const word name, const Vector<T>& src):
+		/// Construct with a name and form std::vector (host memory)
+		inline Vector(const word& name, const vectorType& src)
+		:
 			vectorType(src),
 			name_(name)
 		{}
 
-		// copy construct 
-		inline Vector(const VectorType& src) = default;
-		
-		// move construct 
-		inline Vector( VectorType && mv) = default;
-
-		inline Vector(const vectorType& src)
+		/// Construct with a name and form std::vector (host memory)
+		/// and with a desired capacity. 
+		inline Vector(const word& name, const vectorType& src, size_t cap)
 		:
-			vectorType(src),
-			name_("Vector")
+			Vector(name, cap, src.size(), RESERVE())
 		{
-			
+			this->assign(src.begin(), src.end());
 		}
-		
-		// copy assignment
+
+		/// Copy construct 
+		inline Vector(const VectorType& src) = default;
+
+		/// Copy from src with a new name 
+		inline Vector(const word& name, const Vector<T>& src):
+			vectorType(src),
+			name_(name)
+		{}
+
+		/// Copy assignment
 		inline VectorType& operator=( const VectorType& rhs ) = default;
 
+		/// Copy assignment from std::vector 
 		inline VectorType& operator=(const vectorType& rhs)
 		{
 			Vector::assign(rhs.begin(), rhs.end());
 			return *this;
 		}
-		
-		// move assignment 
-		inline VectorType& operator=( VectorType && mv) = default;
+
+		/// Move construct 
+		Vector( VectorType && mv) noexcept= default;
 	
-		// scalar assignment 
+		/// Move assignment 
+		VectorType& operator=( VectorType && mv)noexcept = default;
+	
+		/// Scalar assignment 
 		inline void operator=(const T& val)
 		{
 			fill(val);
 		}
 
-		inline ~Vector()
-		{
-			vectorType::clear();
-		}
+		/// Destructor 
+		~Vector() = default;
+		
 
+		/// Clone as a uniquePtr
 		inline uniquePtr<VectorType> clone() const
 		{
 			return makeUnique<VectorType>(*this);
 		}
 
+		/// Clone as a pointer 
 		inline VectorType* clonePtr()const
 		{
-			return new VectorType(*this);
+			uniquePtr<VectorType> Ptr = makeUnique<VectorType>(*this);
+			return Ptr.release();
 		}
 
-	inline auto clear()
+	
+	//// - Methods 
+
+		/// Access to this, mostly used by derived classes 
+		const VectorType& VectorField() const
+		{
+			return *this;
+		}
+	 
+		VectorType& VectorField()
+		{
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		const vectorType& vectorField()const
+		{
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		vectorType& vectorField()
+		{
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		auto& deviceVectorAll()
+		{
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		const auto& deviceVectorAll()const
+		{
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		auto& deviceVector()
+		{
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		const auto& deviceVector()const
+		{
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+
+		/// Name of the vector 
+		const word& name()const
+		{
+			return name_;
+		}
+
+		/// Size of the vector 
+		inline auto size()const
+		{
+			return vectorType::size();
+		}
+
+		/// Capacity of the vector 
+		inline auto capacity()const
+		{
+			return vectorType::capacity();
+		}
+
+		/// If vector is empty 
+		inline bool empty()const
+		{
+			return vectorType::empty();
+		}
+
+		/// Reserve capacity for vector 
+		/// Preserve the content.
+		inline void reserve(size_t cap)
+		{
+			vectorType::reserve(cap);
+		}
+
+		// - fill the whole content of vector, [begin, end), with val 
+		void fill( const T& val);
+
+		/// fill the content in range [start, end)
+		void fill( uint32 start, uint32 end, const T& val);
+
+		inline
+		auto getSpan()
+		{
+			return span<T>(this->data(), this->size());
+		}
+		
+		inline 
+		auto getSpan()const
+		{
+			return span<T>(const_cast<T*>(this->data()), this->size());
+		}
+
+		static constexpr bool isHostAccessible()
+		{
+			return isHostAccessible_;
+		}
+
+	void operator +=( const T& val);
+	void operator -=( const T& val);
+	void operator *=( const T& val);
+	void operator /=( const T& val);
+
+	void operator +=( const VectorType& v );
+	void operator -=( const VectorType& v );
+	void operator /=( const VectorType& v );
+	void operator *=( const VectorType& v );
+
+	VectorType operator -()const;
+
+	bool read(iIstream& is)
 	{
-		return vectorType::clear();
+		return readStdVector(is, vectorField());
+	}
+	bool write(iOstream& os)const
+	{
+		return writeStdVector(os, vectorField());
 	}
 
-	// access to this, mostly used by derived classes 
-	const VectorType& VectorField() const
+	bool read(iIstream& is, const IOPattern& iop)
 	{
-		return *this;
-	}
- 
-	VectorType& VectorField()
-	{
-		return *this;
+		return readStdVector(is, vectorField(), iop);
 	}
 
-	const vectorType& vectorField()const
+	bool write(iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop)const
 	{
-		return *this;
+		return writeStdVector(os, vectorField(), iop);
 	}
 
-	vectorType& vectorField()
+	static
+	constexpr const char* memoerySpaceName()
+  	{
+  		return "std";
+  	}
+};
+
+
+template<typename T, typename Allocator>
+inline iIstream& operator >> (iIstream & is, Vector<T, Allocator> & ivec )
+{
+	if( !ivec.read(is) )
 	{
-		return *this;
+		ioErrorInFile (is.name(), is.lineNumber());
+		fatalExit;
 	}
+	return is;
+}
 
-	auto& deviceVectorAll()
+template<typename T, typename Allocator> 
+inline iOstream& operator << (iOstream& os, const Vector<T, Allocator>& ovec )
+{	
+	if( !ovec.write(os) )
 	{
-		return *this;
+		ioErrorInFile(os.name(), os.lineNumber());
+		fatalExit;
 	}
+	return os; 
+}
 
-	const auto& deviceVectorAll()const
-	{
-		return *this;
-	}
 
-	auto& deviceVector()
-	{
-		return *this;
-	}
+} // pFlow
 
-	const auto& deviceVector()const
-	{
-		return *this;
-	}
+
+#include "VectorI.hpp"
+#include "Vector.cpp"
+#include "VectorMath.hpp"
+#include "VectorAlgorithm.hpp"
+
+#endif
 
 
 
-	const word& name()const
-	{
-		return name_;
-	}
-
-	inline auto size()const
-	{
-		return vectorType::size();
-	}
-
-	inline auto capacity()const
-	{
-		return vectorType::capacity();
-	}
-
-	inline auto reserve(label len)
-	{
-		return vectorType::reserve(len);
-	}
-
-	// - delete elemens of vector based on sorted indices 
+	/*// - delete elemens of vector based on sorted indices 
 	//   return false if out of range
 	bool deleteElement_sorted(const Vector<label>& indices );
 
@@ -346,83 +416,4 @@ public:
 
 	// - set or insert a new element into the vecor 
 	//   return false if it fails 
-	inline bool insertSetElement(int32 idx, const T& val);
-
-	// - fill the whole content of vector, [begin, end), with val 
-	inline void fill( const T& val);
-
-	static constexpr bool isHostAccessible()
-	{
-		return isHostAccessible_;
-	}
-
-	inline void operator +=( const T& val);
-	inline void operator -=( const T& val);
-	inline void operator *=( const T& val);
-	inline void operator /=( const T& val);
-
-	inline void operator +=( const VectorType& v );
-	inline void operator -=( const VectorType& v );
-	inline void operator /=( const VectorType& v );
-	inline void operator *=( const VectorType& v );
-
-	inline VectorType operator -()const;
-
-	// from iIstream and specified size 
-	//Vector(iIstream & is, size_t len);
-
-	// from iIstream and free size
-	Vector(iIstream& is);
-
-	bool readVector(iIstream& is, size_t len=0);
-
-	bool writeVector(iOstream& os) const;
-
-	bool read(iIstream& is)
-	{
-		return readVector(is);
-	}
-
-	bool write(iOstream& os)const
-	{
-		return writeVector(os);
-	}
-
-};
-
-
-template<typename T, typename Allocator>
-inline iIstream& operator >> (iIstream & is, Vector<T, Allocator> & ivec )
-{
-	if( !ivec.readVector(is) )
-	{
-		ioErrorInFile (is.name(), is.lineNumber());
-		fatalExit;
-	}
-	return is;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename Allocator> 
-inline iOstream& operator << (iOstream& os, const Vector<T, Allocator>& ovec )
-{
-	
-	if( !ovec.writeVector(os) )
-	{
-		ioErrorInFile(os.name(), os.lineNumber());
-		fatalExit;
-	}
-
-	return os; 
-}
-
-
-
-} // pFlow
-
-
-#include "VectorI.hpp"
-#include "Vector.cpp"
-#include "VectorMath.hpp"
-#include "VectorAlgorithm.hpp"
-
-#endif
+	inline bool insertSetElement(int32 idx, const T& val);*/
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/VectorI.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/VectorI.hpp
index 6bacd5dd..38c7a5fd 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/VectorI.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/VectorI.hpp
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include "Vector.hpp"
 /*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
@@ -24,9 +25,17 @@ inline void pFlow::Vector<T, Allocator>::fill( const T& val)
 	std::fill(this->begin(), this->end(), val);
 }
 
+template <typename T, typename Allocator>
+inline void pFlow::Vector<T, Allocator>::fill(uint32 start, uint32 end, const T &val)
+{
+	
+	for(uint32 i=start; i<end; i++)
+	{
+		this->at(i) = val;
+	}
+}
 #pragma hd_warning_disable 
-template<typename T, typename Allocator>
-inline void pFlow::Vector<T, Allocator>::operator +=( const T& val)
+template < typename T, typename Allocator> inline void pFlow::Vector < T, Allocator> ::operator+= (const T &val)
 {
 	for( auto& v:(*this) )
 	{
@@ -77,7 +86,7 @@ inline void pFlow::Vector<T, Allocator>::operator +=( const Vector<T, Allocator>
 		fatalExit;
 	}
 
-	for(label i=0; i<v.size(); i++)
+	for(size_t i=0; i<v.size(); i++)
 	{
 		this->operator[](i) += v[i];
 	}
@@ -96,7 +105,7 @@ inline void pFlow::Vector<T, Allocator>::operator -=( const Vector<T, Allocator>
 		fatalExit;
 	}
 
-	for(label i=0; i<v.size(); i++)
+	for(size_t i=0; i<v.size(); i++)
 	{
 		this->operator[](i) -= v[i];
 	}
@@ -115,7 +124,7 @@ inline void pFlow::Vector<T, Allocator>::operator *=( const Vector<T, Allocator>
 		fatalExit;
 	}
 
-	for(label i=0; i<v.size(); i++)
+	for(size_t i=0; i<v.size(); i++)
 	{
 		this->operator[](i) *= v[i];
 	}
@@ -134,7 +143,7 @@ inline void pFlow::Vector<T, Allocator>::operator /=( const Vector<T, Allocator>
 		fatalExit;
 	}
 
-	for(label i=0; i<v.size(); i++)
+	for(size_t i=0; i<v.size(); i++)
 	{
 		this->operator[](i) /= v[i];
 	}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/VectorMath.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/VectorMath.hpp
index 22c7087d..153fdfff 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/VectorMath.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/VectorMath.hpp
@@ -18,12 +18,14 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
+namespace pFlow
+{
 
 #define VecFunc(fnName) 									\
 template<typename T, typename Allocator>										\
-inline pFlow::Vector<T, Allocator> pFlow::fnName(const Vector<T,Allocator>& v)	\
+inline Vector<T, Allocator> fnName(const Vector<T,Allocator>& v)	\
 {															\
-	Vector<T, Allocator> res(v.capacity(), Logical());		\
+	Vector<T, Allocator> res(v.name(), v.capacity(), 0 ,RESERVE());		\
 	for(auto& e:v)											\
 	{														\
 		res.push_back( fnName(e) );							\
@@ -31,10 +33,10 @@ inline pFlow::Vector<T, Allocator> pFlow::fnName(const Vector<T,Allocator>& v)	\
 	return std::move(res);									\
 }															\
 template<typename T, typename Allocator, typename indexFunc>					\
-inline pFlow::Vector<T, Allocator> pFlow::fnName(const Vector<T, Allocator>& v, indexFunc iFn) 	\
+inline Vector<T, Allocator> fnName(const Vector<T, Allocator>& v, indexFunc iFn) 	\
 {																		\
-	Vector<T, Allocator> res(v.capacity(), Logical());								\
-	for(label i=0; i<v.size(); i++)										\
+	Vector<T, Allocator> res(v.name(), v.capacity(), 0, RESERVE());								\
+	for(size_t i=0; i<v.size(); i++)										\
 	{																	\
 		if( iFn(i) )													\
 			res.push_back(fnName(v[i]));								\
@@ -46,20 +48,20 @@ inline pFlow::Vector<T, Allocator> pFlow::fnName(const Vector<T, Allocator>& v,
 
 #define VecFunc2(fnName) 									\
 template<typename T, typename Allocator>										\
-inline pFlow::Vector<T, Allocator> pFlow::fnName(const Vector<T, Allocator>& v1, const Vector<T, Allocator>& v2)	\
+inline Vector<T, Allocator> fnName(const Vector<T, Allocator>& v1, const Vector<T, Allocator>& v2)	\
 {															\
-	Vector<T, Allocator> res(v1.capacity(), Logical());					\
-	for(label i=0; i<v1.size(); i++)							\
+	Vector<T, Allocator> res(v1.name(), v1.capacity(), 0 ,RESERVE());					\
+	for(size_t i=0; i<v1.size(); i++)							\
 	{														\
 		res.push_back( fnName(v1[i], v2[i]));				\
 	}														\
 	return std::move(res);									\
 }															\
 template<typename T, typename Allocator, typename indexFunc>					\
-inline pFlow::Vector<T, Allocator> pFlow::fnName(const Vector<T, Allocator>& v1, const Vector<T, Allocator>& v2, indexFunc iFn) 	\
+inline Vector<T, Allocator> fnName(const Vector<T, Allocator>& v1, const Vector<T, Allocator>& v2, indexFunc iFn) 	\
 {																		\
-	Vector<T, Allocator> res(v1.capacity(), Logical());							\
-	for(label i=0; i<v1.size(); i++)									\
+	Vector<T, Allocator> res(v1.name(), v1.capacity(), 0 ,RESERVE());							\
+	for(size_t i=0; i<v1.size(); i++)									\
 	{																	\
 		if( iFn(i) )													\
 			res.push_back(fnName(v1[i], v2[i]));						\
@@ -77,6 +79,8 @@ inline pFlow::Vector<T, Allocator> pFlow::fnName(const Vector<T, Allocator>& v1,
 // min, max
 //* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
+
+
 VecFunc(abs);
 VecFunc2(mod);
 VecFunc(exp);
@@ -100,6 +104,9 @@ VecFunc(acosh);
 VecFunc(atanh);
 
 #undef VecFunc
+}
+
+
 
 //// special implementation of math functions 
 namespace pFlow
@@ -108,7 +115,7 @@ namespace pFlow
 template<typename T, typename Allocator>
 inline Vector<T, Allocator> pow(const Vector<T, Allocator>& v, T e)
 {
-	Vector<T, Allocator> res(v.capacity(), Logical());
+	Vector<T, Allocator> res(v.name(), v.capacity(), 0 ,RESERVE());
 	for(auto& elm:v)
 	{
 		res.push_back(pow(elm,e));
@@ -119,8 +126,8 @@ inline Vector<T, Allocator> pow(const Vector<T, Allocator>& v, T e)
 template<typename T, typename Allocator, typename indexFunc>
 inline Vector<T,Allocator> pow(const Vector<T,Allocator>& v, T e, indexFunc iFn)
 {
-	Vector<T, Allocator> res(v.capacity(), Logical());
-	for(label i=0; i<v.size(); i++)
+	Vector<T, Allocator> res(v.name(), v.capacity(), 0 ,RESERVE());
+	for(size_t i=0; i<v.size(); i++)
 	{
 		if(iFn(i))
 		{
@@ -149,7 +156,7 @@ template<typename T, typename Allocator, typename indexFunc>
 inline T min(const Vector<T, Allocator>& v, indexFunc iFn)
 {
 	T minVal(largestPositive<T>());
-	for(label i=0; i<v.size(); i++)
+	for(size_t i=0; i<v.size(); i++)
 	{
 		if(iFn(i))
 		{
@@ -175,7 +182,7 @@ template<typename T, typename Allocator ,typename indexFunc>
 inline T max(const Vector<T, Allocator>& v, indexFunc iFn)
 {
 	T maxVal(largestNegative<T>());
-	for(label i=0; i<v.size(); i++)
+	for(size_t i=0; i<v.size(); i++)
 	{
 		if(iFn(i))
 		{
@@ -201,7 +208,7 @@ template<typename T, typename Allocator, typename indexFunc>
 inline T sum(const Vector<T, Allocator>& v, indexFunc iFn)
 {
 	T s = static_cast<T>(0);
-	for(label i=0; i<v.size(); ++i)
+	for(size_t i=0; i<v.size(); ++i)
 	{
 		if(iFn(i))
 			s += v[i];
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/Vectors.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/Vectors.cpp
index dd958b08..d8f2dc05 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/Vectors.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/Vectors.cpp
@@ -20,27 +20,4 @@ Licence:
 
 #include "Vectors.hpp"
 
-// instantiation just for numeral types 
-template class pFlow::Vector<pFlow::int8>;
-
-template class pFlow::Vector<pFlow::int16>;
-
-template class pFlow::Vector<pFlow::int32>;
-
-template class pFlow::Vector<pFlow::int64>;
-
-template class pFlow::Vector<pFlow::uint32>;
-
-template class pFlow::Vector<pFlow::label>;
-
-template class pFlow::Vector<pFlow::real>;
-
-template class pFlow::Vector<pFlow::realx3>;
-
-template class pFlow::Vector<pFlow::realx3x3>;
-
-//template class pFlow::Vector<pFlow::word>;
-
- 
-
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/Vectors.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/Vectors.hpp
index 8eba5863..ff1c1db7 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/Vectors.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/Vectors.hpp
@@ -31,69 +31,27 @@ namespace pFlow
 
 using int8Vector 	= Vector<int8>;
 
-using int16Vector 	= Vector<int16>;
-
 using int32Vector 	= Vector<int32>;
 
 using int64Vector 	= Vector<int64>;
 
-using uint32Vector 	= Vector<uint32>;
+using uint8Vector  = Vector<uint8>;
 
-using labelVector 	= Vector<label>;
+using uint32Vector   = Vector<uint32>;
+
+using uint64Vector   = Vector<uint64>;
+
+using uint32x3Vector = Vector<uint32x3>;
 
 using realVector 	= Vector<real> 	;
 
 using realx3Vector 	= Vector<realx3>;
 
-using uint16x3Vector= Vector<uint16x3>;
-
-using uint32x3Vector= Vector<uint32x3>;
-
-using int32x3Vector = Vector<int32x3>;
-
-using int64x3Vector = Vector<int64x3>;
-
-using uint16x3x3Vector 	= Vector<uint16x3x3>;
-
-using uint32x3x3Vector 	= Vector<uint32x3x3>;
-
-using int32x3x3Vector 	= Vector<int32x3x3>;
-
 using realx3x3Vector 	= Vector<realx3x3>;
 
 using wordVector 		= Vector<word>;
 
-/*template<>
-inline word Vector<label>::TYPENAME() { return "labelVector"; }
-typedef Vector<label> 	labelVector;
 
-template<>
-inline word Vector<real>::TYPENAME() { return "realVector"; }
-typedef Vector<real> 	realVector;
-
-template<>
-inline word Vector<unit3>::TYPENAME() { return "unit3Vector"; }
-typedef Vector<unit3> 	unit3Vector;
-
-template<>
-inline word Vector<real3>::TYPENAME() { return "real3Vector"; }
-typedef Vector<real3>	real3Vector;
-
-template<>
-inline word Vector<real33>::TYPENAME() { return "real33Vector"; }
-typedef Vector<real33>	real33Vector;
-
-template<>
-inline word Vector<bool>::TYPENAME() { return "boolVector"; }
-typedef Vector<bool> 	boolVector;
-
-template<>
-inline word Vector<word>::TYPENAME() { return "wordVector"; }
-typedef Vector<word> 	wordVector;
-
-template<>
-inline word Vector<sint>::TYPENAME() { return "sintVector"; }
-typedef Vector<sint> 	sintVector;*/
 
 }
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/stdVectorHelper.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/stdVectorHelper.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..da92af10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Vector/stdVectorHelper.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+
+#ifndef __stdVectorHelper_hpp__
+#define __stdVectorHelper_hpp__
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "span.hpp"
+#include "iOstream.hpp"
+#include "iIstream.hpp"
+#include "dataIO.hpp"
+#include "pFlowProcessors.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+ 
+
+template <class T>
+class noConstructAllocator
+    : public std::allocator<T>
+{
+public:
+    using std::allocator<T>::allocator;
+
+    template <class U, class... Args> void construct(U*, Args&&...) {}
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+using vecAllocator = std::allocator<T>;
+
+template<typename T>
+inline
+span<T> makeSpan(std::vector<T>& container)
+{
+    return span<T>(container.data(), container.size());
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline
+span<T> makeSpan(const std::vector<T>& container)
+{
+    return span<T>(
+		const_cast<T*>(container.data()), 
+		container.size());
+}
+
+
+template<typename T>
+inline
+bool writeSpan(
+    iOstream& os, 
+    span<T> sp)
+{
+	return writeDataAsciiBinary(os, sp);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline
+bool writeSpan(
+    iOstream& os, 
+    span<T> sp, 
+    const IOPattern& iop)
+{
+   
+   auto ioPtr = dataIO<T>::create(iop);
+       
+   if(!ioPtr)
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+   if(!ioPtr().writeData(os, sp))
+   {
+   		fatalErrorInFunction;
+   		return false;
+   }
+    return true; 
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename Allocator>
+bool writeStdVector
+(
+	iOstream& os, 
+	const std::vector<T,Allocator>& vec
+)
+{
+	auto sp = makeSpan(vec);
+	return writeSpan(os, sp);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename Allocator>
+bool writeStdVector
+(
+	iOstream& os, 
+	const std::vector<T,Allocator>& vec,
+	const IOPattern& iop 
+)
+{
+	auto sp = makeSpan(vec);
+	return writeSpan(os, sp, iop);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename Allocator>
+bool readStdVector
+(
+	iIstream& is, 
+	std::vector<T,Allocator>& vec
+)
+{
+
+	return readDataAsciiBinary(is, vec);
+	
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename Allocator>
+bool readStdVector
+(
+	iIstream& is, 
+	std::vector<T,Allocator>& vec,
+	const IOPattern& iop 
+)
+{
+	auto ioPtr = dataIO<T>::create(iop);
+	
+	if(!ioPtr)
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if(!ioPtr().readData(is, vec))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		return false;
+	}
+	return true;
+	
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename Allocator>
+iOstream& operator<<( iOstream& os, const std::vector<T,Allocator>& vec)
+{
+	if(!writeStdVector(os, vec))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+	return os;
+}
+
+/// Always assume ASCII is in the input stream 
+template<typename T, typename Allocator>
+iIstream& operator>>(iIstream& is, std::vector<T,Allocator>& vec)
+{
+	if( !readStdVector(is,vec))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+	return is;
+}
+
+} // pFlow
+
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorDual.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorDual.hpp
index aa39549e..407c10e5 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorDual.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorDual.hpp
@@ -259,8 +259,8 @@ public:
 				dualView_.clear_sync_state();
 			}
 
-			Kokkos::deep_copy(hostVector(), src.hostVector());
-			Kokkos::deep_copy(deviceVector(), src.deviceVector());
+			Kokkos::deep_copy(hostView(), src.hostView());
+			Kokkos::deep_copy(deviceView(), src.deviceView());
 		}
 
 		// copy construct with new name 
@@ -280,8 +280,8 @@ public:
 				dualView_.clear_sync_state();
 			}
 
-			Kokkos::deep_copy(hostVector(), src.hostVector());
-			Kokkos::deep_copy(deviceVector(), src.deviceVector());
+			Kokkos::deep_copy(hostView(), src.hostView());
+			Kokkos::deep_copy(deviceView(), src.deviceView());
 		}
 
 		// - copy assignment 
@@ -332,53 +332,53 @@ public:
 		}
 
 		// - Device vector
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H deviceViewType& deviceVectorAll(){
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H deviceViewType& deviceViewAll(){
 			return dualView_.d_view;
 		}
 
 		// - Device vector 
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H const deviceViewType& deviceVectorAll() const {
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H const deviceViewType& deviceViewAll() const {
 			return dualView_.d_view;
 		}
 
 		// - Host vector
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H hostViewType& hostVectorAll(){
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H hostViewType& hostViewAll(){
 			return dualView_.h_view;
 		}
 
 		// - Host Vector
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H const hostViewType& hostVectorAll() const {
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H const hostViewType& hostViewAll() const {
 			return dualView_.h_view;
 		}
 
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H deviceViewType& deviceVector(){
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H deviceViewType& deviceView(){
 			updateSubViews();
 			return deviceSubView_;
 		}
 
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H const deviceViewType& deviceVector() const{
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H const deviceViewType& deviceView() const{
 			updateSubViews();
 			return deviceSubView_;
 		}
 
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H hostViewType& hostVector(){
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H hostViewType& hostView(){
 			updateSubViews();
 			return hostSubView_;
 		}
 
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H const hostViewType& hostVector()const{
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H const hostViewType& hostView()const{
 			updateSubViews();
 			return hostSubView_;
 		}
 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		hostViewType hostVector(int32 start, int32 end)const
+		hostViewType hostView(int32 start, int32 end)const
 		{
 			return Kokkos::subview(dualView_.h_view, Kokkos::make_pair(start,end));
 		}
 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		deviceViewType deviceVector(int32 start, int32 end)const
+		deviceViewType deviceView(int32 start, int32 end)const
 		{
 			return Kokkos::subview(dualView_.d_view, Kokkos::make_pair(start,end));
 		}
@@ -455,22 +455,22 @@ public:
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H void fill(const T& val)
 		{
 			if(empty())return;
-			Kokkos::deep_copy(deviceVector(),val);
-			Kokkos::deep_copy(hostVector(),val);
+			Kokkos::deep_copy(deviceView(),val);
+			Kokkos::deep_copy(hostView(),val);
 			dualView_.clear_sync_state();
 		}
 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H void fillHost(const T& val)
 		{
 			if(empty())return;
-			Kokkos::deep_copy(hostVector(),val);
+			Kokkos::deep_copy(hostView(),val);
 			modifyOnHost();
 		}
 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H void fillDevice(const T& val)
 		{
 			if(empty())return;
-			Kokkos::deep_copy(deviceVector(),val);
+			Kokkos::deep_copy(deviceView(),val);
 			modifyOnDevice();
 		}
 
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ public:
 			size_t newSize = indices.size();
 
 			deviceViewType 	sortedView("sortedView", newSize);
-			auto dVec = deviceVectorAll();
+			auto dVec = deviceViewAll();
 
 			auto d_indices = indices.deviceView();
 			
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ public:
 			
 			Kokkos::fence();
 			setSize(newSize);
-			copy(deviceVector(), sortedView);
+			copy(deviceView(), sortedView);
 			modifyOnDevice();
 			syncViews();
 		}
@@ -586,10 +586,10 @@ public:
 			{
 				resize(maxInd+1);
 			} 
-			fillSelected(hostVectorAll(), indices.hostView(), indices.size(), val);
+			fillSelected(hostViewAll(), indices.hostView(), indices.size(), val);
 			
 			auto dIndices = indices.deviceView();
-			auto dVals = deviceVectorAll();
+			auto dVals = deviceViewAll();
 
 			Kokkos::parallel_for(
 				"fillSelected",
@@ -627,10 +627,10 @@ public:
 			{
 
 				hostViewType1D<T> hVecVals( const_cast<T*>(vals.data()), vals.size());
-				//fillSelected(hostVector(), indices.hostView(), hVecVals, indices.size());
+				//fillSelected(hostView(), indices.hostView(), hVecVals, indices.size());
 
 				pFlow::algorithms::KOKKOS::fillSelected<T, int32, DefaultHostExecutionSpace>(
-					hostVectorAll().data(),
+					hostViewAll().data(),
 					indices.hostView().data(),
 					hVecVals.data(),
 					indices.size());
@@ -648,9 +648,9 @@ public:
 				Kokkos::deep_copy(dVecVals, hVecVals);
 				
 
-				//fillSelected(deviceVector(), indices.deviceView(), dVecVals, indices.size());
+				//fillSelected(deviceView(), indices.deviceView(), dVecVals, indices.size());
 				pFlow::algorithms::KOKKOS::fillSelected<T, int32, execution_space>(
-					deviceVectorAll().data(),
+					deviceViewAll().data(),
 					indices.deviceView().data(),
 					dVecVals.data(),
 					indices.size());
@@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ public:
 			if constexpr (std::is_same<side,HostSide>::value )
 			{
 				hostViewType1D<int32> hVecInd( const_cast<int32*>(indices.data()), indices.size());
-				fillSelected( hostVectorAll(), hVecInd, indices.size(), val);
+				fillSelected( hostViewAll(), hVecInd, indices.size(), val);
 
 				modifyOnHost();
 				syncViews(minInd, maxInd+1);
@@ -696,7 +696,7 @@ public:
 				hostViewType1D<int32> hVecInd( const_cast<int32*>(indices.data()), indices.size());
 				deviceViewType1D<int32> dVecInd("dVecInd", indices.size());
 				Kokkos::deep_copy(dVecInd, hVecInd);
-				fillSelected(deviceVectorAll(), dVecInd, indices.size(), val);
+				fillSelected(deviceViewAll(), dVecInd, indices.size(), val);
 				
 				modifyOnDevice();
 
@@ -734,7 +734,7 @@ public:
 				hostViewType1D<int32> hVecInd( const_cast<int32*>(indices.data()), indices.size());
 				hostViewType1D<T> hVecVals( const_cast<T*>(vals.data()), vals.size());
 
-				fillSelected(hostVectorAll(), hVecInd, hVecVals, indices.size());
+				fillSelected(hostViewAll(), hVecInd, hVecVals, indices.size());
 
 				modifyOnHost();
 			
@@ -752,7 +752,7 @@ public:
 				Kokkos::deep_copy(dVecVals, hVecVals);
 				Kokkos::deep_copy(dVecInd, hVecInd);
 
-				fillSelected(deviceVectorAll(), dVecInd, dVecVals, indices.size());
+				fillSelected(deviceViewAll(), dVecInd, dVecVals, indices.size());
 
 				modifyOnDevice();
 				
@@ -858,7 +858,7 @@ public:
 		{
 			if(empty())return;
 			
-			Kokkos::deep_copy(deviceVector(), hostVector());
+			Kokkos::deep_copy(deviceView(), hostView());
 			dualView_.clear_sync_state();
 		}
 
@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ public:
 		void copyHostToDevice(int32 start, int32 end, bool setUpdated = true)
 		{
 			if(empty())return;
-			Kokkos::deep_copy(deviceVector(start, end), hostVector(start, end));
+			Kokkos::deep_copy(deviceView(start, end), hostView(start, end));
 			if(setUpdated)
 				dualView_.clear_sync_state();
 		}
@@ -876,7 +876,7 @@ public:
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H void copyDeviceToHost()
 		{
 			if(empty())return;
-			Kokkos::deep_copy(hostVector(), deviceVector());
+			Kokkos::deep_copy(hostView(), deviceView());
 			dualView_.clear_sync_state();
 		}
 
@@ -884,7 +884,7 @@ public:
 		void copyDeviceToHost(int32 start, int32 end, bool setUpdated = true)
 		{
 			if(empty())return;
-			Kokkos::deep_copy(hostVector(start, end), deviceVector(start, end));
+			Kokkos::deep_copy(hostView(start, end), deviceView(start, end));
 			if(setUpdated)
 				dualView_.clear_sync_state();
 		}
@@ -962,12 +962,12 @@ public:
 			if(hostRequiresSync()) // device is updated
 			{
 				//const auto dVec = Kokkos::subview(dualView_.d_view, Kokkos::make_pair(0,int(size_)));
-				Kokkos::deep_copy(mirror,deviceVector());
+				Kokkos::deep_copy(mirror,deviceView());
 			}
 			else // either host is updated or both sides are syncronized
 			{
 				//const auto hVec = Kokkos::subview(dualView_.h_view, Kokkos::make_pair(0,int(size_)));
-				Kokkos::deep_copy(mirror,hostVector());
+				Kokkos::deep_copy(mirror,hostView());
 			}				
 			return vecToFile.write(os);
 		}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorDualAlgorithms.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorDualAlgorithms.hpp
index a1191675..603ae29a 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorDualAlgorithms.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorDualAlgorithms.hpp
@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@ int64 count(const VectorDual<T,MemorySpace>& vec, const T& val)
 {
 	if constexpr (std::is_same<side,HostSide>::value)
 	{
-		return count( vec.hostVectorAll(), static_cast<size_t>(0), vec.size(), val);
+		return count( vec.hostViewAll(), static_cast<size_t>(0), vec.size(), val);
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		return count( vec.deviceVectorAll(), static_cast<size_t>(0), vec.size(), val);
+		return count( vec.deviceViewAll(), static_cast<size_t>(0), vec.size(), val);
 	}
 
 	return -1;
@@ -63,11 +63,11 @@ int64 min(const VectorDual<T,MemorySpace>& vec)
 {
 	if constexpr (std::is_same<side,HostSide>::value)
 	{
-		return min( vec.hostVectorAll(), static_cast<size_t>(0), vec.size());
+		return min( vec.hostViewAll(), static_cast<size_t>(0), vec.size());
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		return min( vec.deviceVectorAll(), static_cast<size_t>(0), vec.size());
+		return min( vec.deviceViewAll(), static_cast<size_t>(0), vec.size());
 	}
 
 	return 0.0;
@@ -87,11 +87,11 @@ int64 max(const VectorDual<T,MemorySpace>& vec)
 {
 	if constexpr (std::is_same<side,HostSide>::value)
 	{
-		return max( vec.hostVectorAll(), static_cast<size_t>(0), vec.size());
+		return max( vec.hostViewAll(), static_cast<size_t>(0), vec.size());
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		return max( vec.deviceVectorAll(), static_cast<size_t>(0), vec.size());
+		return max( vec.deviceViewAll(), static_cast<size_t>(0), vec.size());
 	}
 
 	return 0.0;
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingle.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingle.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0e6f02b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingle.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,804 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+pFlow::uint32 pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::changeSize
+(
+    uint32 n, 
+    bool withInit
+)
+{
+    if(n > this->capacity() )
+    {
+        uint32 newCap = evalCapacity(n);
+        changeCapacity(newCap, withInit);
+    }
+    return setSize(n);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+pFlow::uint32 pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::changeCapacitySize
+(
+    uint32 actualCap, 
+    uint32 n, 
+    bool withInit
+)
+{
+    changeCapacity(actualCap, withInit);
+    return setSize(n);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+void pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::changeCapacity
+(
+    uint32 actualCap, 
+    bool withInit
+)
+{
+    
+    if(withInit)
+    {
+        resizeInit(view_, actualCap);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        resizeNoInit(view_, actualCap);
+    }
+    
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+pFlow::uint32 pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::reallocateCapacitySize
+(
+    uint32 cap, 
+    uint32 s
+)
+{
+    reallocNoInit(view_, cap);
+    return setSize(s);   
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+pFlow::uint32 pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::setSize(uint32 n)
+{
+    auto os = size_;
+    size_ = n;
+    return os;
+}
+
+
+// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *//
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::VectorSingle()
+:
+    VectorSingle("VectorSingle")
+{}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::VectorSingle(const word& name)
+:
+    size_(0),
+    view_(name,2)
+{}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::VectorSingle
+(
+    const word& name, 
+    uint32 n
+)
+:
+    size_(n),
+    view_(name, evalCapacity(n))
+{}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::VectorSingle
+(
+    const word& name, 
+    uint32 n, 
+    const T& val
+)
+:
+    VectorSingle(name, n)
+{
+    assign(n, val); 
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::VectorSingle
+(
+    const word& name, 
+    uint32 cap, 
+    uint32 n, 
+    RESERVE
+)
+:
+    size_(n),
+    view_(name, cap)
+{}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::VectorSingle
+(
+    const word& name, 
+    const std::vector<T> & src
+) 
+:
+    VectorSingle(name)
+{
+    assign(src);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::VectorSingle
+(
+    const word& name, 
+    const std::vector<T> & src, 
+    uint32 cap
+) 
+:
+    VectorSingle(name)
+{
+    assign(src, cap);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::VectorSingle
+(
+    const VectorSingle& src
+)
+:
+    VectorSingle(src.name(), src)
+{}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::VectorSingle
+(
+    const word& name, 
+    const VectorSingle& src
+)
+:
+    VectorSingle(name, src.capacity(), src.size(), RESERVE())
+{
+    copy(deviceView(), src.deviceView());
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::VectorSingle
+(
+    const word& name, 
+    const ViewType1D<T, MemorySpace>& src
+)
+:
+    VectorSingle(name, src.size(), src.size(), RESERVE())
+{
+    copy(deviceView(), src);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>& 
+    pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::operator = (const VectorSingle& rhs) 
+{
+    if(&rhs == this) return *this;
+    VectorSingle temp(rhs);
+
+    size_ 	= temp.size();	
+    view_   = temp.view_;
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::~VectorSingle()
+{
+    view_ = viewType();
+    size_ = 0;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>>
+ pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::clone() const  
+{
+    return makeUnique<VectorSingle>( this->name(), *this);
+}
+
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>& 
+    pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::VectorField()
+{
+    return *this;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+const pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>& 
+pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::VectorField()const
+{
+    return *this;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+const auto& pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::deviceViewAll() const
+{
+    return view_;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+auto& pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::deviceViewAll()
+{
+    return view_;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+auto pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::deviceView()const
+{
+    return Kokkos::subview(
+        view_, 
+        Kokkos::make_pair(0u,static_cast<uint32>(size_)));
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+auto pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::hostViewAll()const
+{
+    auto hView = Kokkos::create_mirror_view(view_);
+    copy(hView, view_);
+    return hView;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+auto pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::hostView()const
+{
+    auto hView = Kokkos::create_mirror_view(deviceView());
+    copy(hView, deviceView());
+    return hView;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+pFlow::word pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::name()const
+{
+    return view_.label();
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+pFlow::uint32 pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::size()const
+{
+    return size_;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+pFlow::uint32 pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::capacity()const
+{
+    return view_.extent(0);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+bool pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::empty()const
+{
+    return size_==0;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+void pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::reserve(uint32 cap) 
+{
+    if(cap == capacity() ) return;
+    changeCapacity(cap);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+void pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::reallocate(uint32 cap) 
+{
+    reallocateCapacitySize(cap, 0);			
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+void pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::reallocate
+(
+    uint32 cap, 
+    uint32 newSize
+) 
+{
+    reallocateCapacitySize(cap, newSize);			
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H   
+void pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::resize(uint32 n)
+{
+    changeSize(n);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H  
+void pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::resize(uint32 n, const T& val) 
+{
+    assign(n, val);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+void pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::clear() 
+{
+    size_ = 0;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+void pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::fill(const T& val)
+{
+    if(empty())return;
+    pFlow::fill(view_, rangeU32(0 ,size_) ,val);    
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+void pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::fill
+(
+    rangeU32 r, 
+    const T& val
+)
+{
+    changeSize(r.end());
+    pFlow::fill(view_, r, val);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+void pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::assign
+(
+    size_t n, 
+    const T& val
+)
+{
+    
+    if( n > capacity() )
+    {
+        reallocateCapacitySize(evalCapacity(n), n);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        setSize(n);	
+    }
+    this->fill(val);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+void pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::assign
+(
+    const std::vector<T>& src, 
+    uint32 cap
+) 
+{
+    // make sure that vector has enough capacity
+    uint32 newCap = max(static_cast<uint32>(src.size()), cap);
+    uint32 srcSize = src.size();
+    
+    if(newCap != capacity())
+    {
+        reallocateCapacitySize(newCap, srcSize);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        changeSize(srcSize);
+    }
+    
+    // - unmanaged view in the host
+    hostViewType1D<const T> temp(src.data(), srcSize );
+    copy(deviceView(), temp);
+    
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+void pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::assign
+(
+    const std::vector<T>& src
+) 
+{
+    assign(src, this->capacity());
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+void pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::assignFromHost(const VectorTypeHost& src)
+{
+	uint32 srcSize = src.size();
+	uint32 srcCap = src.capacity();
+
+    if(srcCap != capacity())
+    {
+        reallocateCapacitySize(srcCap, srcSize);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        changeSize(srcSize);
+    }
+	
+    copy(deviceView(), src.hostView());
+    
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+void pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::assign
+(
+    const VectorType& src, 
+    bool srcCapacity
+)
+{
+    uint32 srcSize = src.size();
+	uint32 srcCap = src.capacity();
+
+    if(srcCapacity && srcCap != capacity())
+    {
+        reallocateCapacitySize(srcCap, srcSize);
+    }
+    else 
+    {
+        changeSize(srcSize);
+    }
+    
+    copy(deviceView(), src.deviceView());
+}
+
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+template<typename MSpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+void pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::assignFromDevice(
+    const VectorSingle<T, MSpace>& src, 
+    bool srcCapacity
+)
+{
+    uint32 srcSize = src.size();
+    uint32 srcCap = src.capacity();
+
+    if(srcCapacity && srcCap != capacity()){
+        reallocateCapacitySize(srcCap, srcSize);
+    }
+    else {
+        changeSize(srcSize);
+    }
+    copy(deviceView(), src.deviceView());
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+void pFlow::VectorSingle<T, MemorySpace>::append(const ViewType1D<T,MemorySpace>& appVec)
+{
+    uint32 appSize  = appVec.size();
+	if(appSize == 0) return;
+
+	uint32 oldS = size();
+	uint32 newSize = oldS + appSize; 
+
+	changeSize(newSize);
+
+	auto appendView = Kokkos::subview(
+		view_,
+		Kokkos::make_pair<uint32>(oldS, newSize));
+	
+    copy(appendView, appVec);
+    
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+void pFlow::VectorSingle<T, MemorySpace>::append
+(
+    const std::vector<T> &appVec
+)
+{
+    if(appVec.empty())return;
+
+    auto srcSize = appVec.size();
+    uint32 oldSize = size();
+    uint32 newSize = srcSize + oldSize;
+    
+    changeSize(newSize);
+    
+    hostViewType1D<const T> temp(appVec.data(), srcSize );
+    auto dest = Kokkos::subview(view_, Kokkos::make_pair<uint32>(oldSize,newSize));
+
+    copy(dest, temp);    
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+void pFlow::VectorSingle<T, MemorySpace>::append
+(
+    const VectorType& appVec
+)
+{
+    uint32 appSize  = appVec.size();
+	if(appSize == 0) return;
+
+	uint32 oldS = size();
+	uint32 newSize = oldS + appSize; 
+
+	changeSize(newSize);
+
+	auto appendView = Kokkos::subview(
+		view_,
+		Kokkos::make_pair<uint32>(oldS, newSize));
+	
+    copy(appendView, appVec.deviceView());
+    
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H auto pFlow::VectorSingle<T, MemorySpace>::getSpan()
+{
+    return span<T>(view_.data(), size());
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+auto pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::getSpan()const
+{
+    return span<T>(const_cast<T*>(view_.data()), this->size());
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+bool pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::insertSetElement(const uint32IndexContainer& indices, const T& val)
+{
+	if(indices.empty()) return true;
+	
+	auto maxInd = indices.max();
+
+	if(this->empty() || maxInd > size()-1 )
+	{
+		resize(maxInd+1);
+	}
+
+	using policy = Kokkos::RangePolicy<execution_space,Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>>;
+
+	if constexpr( isDeviceAccessible_ )
+	{
+		auto v = view_;
+		auto ind = indices.deviceView();
+
+		Kokkos::parallel_for(
+			"VectorSingle::insertSetElement",
+			policy(0,indices.size()),
+			LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){
+				v[ind[i]]= val;
+			});
+
+		Kokkos::fence();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+
+		auto v = view_;
+		auto ind = indices.hostView();
+		
+		Kokkos::parallel_for(
+			"VectorSingle::insertSetElement",
+			policy(0,indices.size()),
+			LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){
+				v[ind[i]]= val;
+			});
+
+		Kokkos::fence();
+
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+bool pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::insertSetElement
+(
+	const uint32IndexContainer& indices, 
+	const std::vector<T>& vals
+)
+{
+
+	if(indices.empty())return true;
+	if(indices.size() != vals.size())return false;
+
+	auto maxInd = indices.max(); 
+	
+	if(this->empty() || maxInd > size()-1 )
+	{
+		resize(maxInd+1);
+	} 
+	
+	using policy = Kokkos::RangePolicy<execution_space,Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>>;
+
+	hostViewType1D<const T> hVals( vals.data(), vals.size());
+
+	if constexpr( isDeviceAccessible_ )
+	{
+		deviceViewType1D<T> dVals("dVals", indices.size());
+		copy(dVals, hVals);
+		auto dVec = view_;
+		auto ind = indices.deviceView();
+
+		Kokkos::parallel_for(
+			"VectorSingle::insertSetElement",
+			policy(0,indices.size()), LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){	
+				dVec(ind(i))= dVals(i);});
+		Kokkos::fence();
+
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		auto dVec = view_;
+		auto ind = indices.hostView();
+
+		Kokkos::parallel_for(
+			"VectorSingle::insertSetElement",
+			policy(0,indices.size()), LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){	
+				dVec(ind(i))= hVals(i);});
+		Kokkos::fence();
+
+	}
+		
+	return true;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+bool pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::insertSetElement
+(
+	const uint32IndexContainer& indices, 
+	const ViewType1D<T, memory_space> vals
+)
+{
+    if(indices.empty())return true;
+	if(indices.size() != vals.size())return false;
+
+	auto maxInd = indices.max(); 
+	
+	if(this->empty() || maxInd > size()-1 )
+	{
+		resize(maxInd+1);
+	} 
+
+    using policy = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
+                    execution_space,
+                    Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>>;
+
+	if constexpr( isDeviceAccessible_ )
+	{
+		auto dVec = view_;
+        auto dVals = vals;
+		auto ind = indices.deviceView();
+
+		Kokkos::parallel_for(
+			"VectorSingle::insertSetElement",
+			policy(0,indices.size()), LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){	
+				dVec(ind(i))= dVals(i);});
+		Kokkos::fence();
+
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		auto dVec = view_;
+        auto hVals = vals;
+		auto ind = indices.hostView();
+
+		Kokkos::parallel_for(
+			"VectorSingle::insertSetElement",
+			policy(0,indices.size()), LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){	
+				dVec(ind(i))= hVals(i);});
+		Kokkos::fence();
+
+	}
+		
+	return true;
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+bool pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::reorderItems(const uint32IndexContainer& indices)
+{
+	if(indices.size() == 0)
+	{
+		setSize(0);
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	auto maxInd = indices.max();
+
+	if(maxInd >= this->size())
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<"In reordering the VectorSingle ("
+		<< this->name()<< ") maximum index ("<< maxInd << 
+		") exceeds the size of the vector ("	<< this->size()<<")"<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	uint32 	newSize = indices.size();
+	
+	viewType 	sortedView(this->name(), newSize);
+
+	using policy = Kokkos::RangePolicy< execution_space,Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>>;
+
+	if constexpr( isDeviceAccessible_)
+	{
+		auto d_indices = indices.deviceView();
+		auto d_view = view_;
+		
+		Kokkos::parallel_for
+		(
+			"VectorSingle::sortItems",
+			policy(0,newSize), 
+			LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i)
+			{	
+				sortedView(i) = d_view(d_indices(i));
+			}
+		);
+
+		Kokkos::fence();
+
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		auto h_indices = indices.hostView();
+		auto d_view = view_;
+		
+		Kokkos::parallel_for
+		(
+			"VectorSingle::sortItems",
+			policy(0,newSize), 
+			LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i)
+			{	
+				sortedView(i) = d_view(h_indices(i));
+			}
+		);
+		
+		Kokkos::fence();
+	}
+
+    setSize(newSize);
+
+    copy(deviceView(), sortedView);
+
+    
+	return true;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingle.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingle.hpp
index e0d14127..f64f78b1 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingle.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingle.hpp
@@ -17,21 +17,18 @@ Licence:
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
 #ifndef __VectorSingle_hpp__
 #define __VectorSingle_hpp__
 
-#include "globalSettings.hpp"
-#include "types.hpp"
-#include "typeInfo.hpp"
-#include "Vector.hpp"
-#include "indexContainer.hpp"
+#include <vector>
 
+#include "globalSettings.hpp"
+#include "phasicFlowKokkos.hpp"
+#include "stdVectorHelper.hpp"
+#include "error.hpp"
+#include "indexContainer.hpp"
 #include "streams.hpp"
 
-#include "KokkosTypes.hpp"
-#include "ViewAlgorithms.hpp"
 
 
 #ifndef __RESERVE__
@@ -43,822 +40,435 @@ namespace pFlow
 {
 
 
-template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
-class VectorSingle;
-
-
 template<typename T, typename MemorySpace=void>
 class VectorSingle
 {
 public:
 	
-	// viewType (view of data host and device)
-  	using VectorType		= VectorSingle<T, MemorySpace>;
+	//- typedefs for accessing data
 
-  	using iterator        = T*;
+		using VectorType		= VectorSingle<T, MemorySpace>;
 
-  	using constIterator   = const T*;
+		using VectorTypeHost 	= VectorSingle<T, HostSpace>; 		
+
+		using iterator        = T*;
+
+		using const_iterator   = const T*;
+	  	
+		using reference       = T&;
+	  	
+	 	using const_reference  = const T&;
+
+		using value_type       = T;
+	  	
+		using pointer         = T*;
+	  	
+		using const_pointer    = const T*;
   	
-	using reference       = T&;
-  	
-  	using constReference  = const T&;
+	//- typedefs related to memory management 
 
-	using valueType       = T;
-  	
-  	using pointer         = T*;
-  	
-  	using constPointer    = const T*;
-  	
-  	// type defs related to Kokkos 
-  	using viewType 			= ViewType1D<T, MemorySpace>;
+		using viewType 			= ViewType1D<T, MemorySpace>;
 
-  	using deviceType 		= typename viewType::device_type;
+		using device_type 		= typename viewType::device_type;
 
-  	using memory_space 		= typename viewType::memory_space;
+		using memory_space 		= typename viewType::memory_space;
 
-  	using execution_space 	= typename viewType::execution_space;
+		using execution_space 	= typename viewType::execution_space;
 
-protected:
+private:
 	
-	size_t 			size_ = 0;
+	// - Data members
 
-	size_t 			capacity_ = 0;
+		/// Size of the vector 
+		uint32 			size_ = 0;
 
-	viewType   		view_;
+		/// view of the vector 
+		viewType   		view_;
 
-	mutable viewType	subView_;
+	// - protected members and methods 		
 
-	mutable bool		subViewUpdated_ = false;
+		/// Is the memory of this vector accessible from Host
+		static constexpr 
+		bool  isHostAccessible_ = isHostAccessible<execution_space>();
 
-	static const inline real 	growthFactor_ = vectorGrowthFactor__;
+		/// Is the memory of this vector accessiple from Divce
+		static constexpr
+		bool isDeviceAccessible_ = isDeviceAccessible<execution_space>();
 
-	static constexpr bool  isHostAccessible_ =
-  	Kokkos::SpaceAccessibility<execution_space,Kokkos::HostSpace>::accessible;
+		static constexpr
+		bool isTriviallyCopyable_ = std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T>;
 
-  	constexpr static inline const char* memoerySpaceName()
-  	{
-  		return memory_space::name();
-  	}
+        static_assert(isTriviallyCopyable_, "This type is not trivially copyable");
 
-	static INLINE_FUNCTION_H size_t evalCapacity(size_t n)
-	{
-		return static_cast<size_t>(n*growthFactor_+1);
-	}
-
-	// use actualCap = true only for reserve
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H void changeSize(size_t n, bool actualCap=false)
-	{
-		if(n > capacity_ )
+	  	/// Evaluate capacity based on the input size 
+		static INLINE_FUNCTION_H uint32 evalCapacity(uint32 n)
 		{
-			if(actualCap)
-				capacity_ = n;
-			else
-				capacity_ = evalCapacity(n);
-
-			Kokkos::resize(view_, capacity_);
-			subViewUpdated_ = false;
+			return static_cast<uint32>(n*pFlow::gSettings::vectorGrowthFactor__+1);
 		}
-		if(!actualCap) 
-		{
-			setSize(n);
-		}
-	}
 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H void setSize(size_t n)
-	{
-		size_ = n;
-		subViewUpdated_ = false;
-	}
+	/// @brief Change size to n and preserve the conetent if realloc 
+	/// occurs 
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+	uint32 changeSize(uint32 n, bool withInit= false);
 
-	// - update subview 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H void updateSubView()const
-	{
-		if(subViewUpdated_) return;
-
-		subView_ 	= Kokkos::subview(view_, Kokkos::make_pair(0,int(size_)));
-		subViewUpdated_ = true;
-	}
+    /// @brief Change the size and capacity of Vector
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+	uint32 changeCapacitySize(uint32 actualCap, uint32 n, bool withInit= false);
 	
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+	void changeCapacity(uint32 actualCap, bool withInit= false);
+	
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+	uint32 reallocateCapacitySize(uint32 cap, uint32 s);
+	
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+	uint32 setSize(uint32 n);
 	
 public:
 
-	// - type info
-	TypeInfoTemplateNV2("VectorSingle", T, memoerySpaceName());
+	/// Type info
+	TypeInfoTemplateNV111("VectorSingle", T, memoerySpaceName());
 
 	//// - Constructors
 
-		// - empty constructor
-		VectorSingle()
-		:
-			VectorSingle("VectorSingle")
-		{}
+		/// Empty vector
+		VectorSingle();
+		
+		/// Empty vector with a name (capacity = 2) 
+		explicit VectorSingle(const word& name);
+		
+		/// Vector with name and size n
+		VectorSingle(const word& name, uint32 n);
+		
+		/// Vector with name, size and value
+		VectorSingle(const word& name, uint32 n, const T& val);
 
-		// empty vector with a name 
-		VectorSingle(const word& name)
-		:
-			size_(0),
-			capacity_(2),
-			view_(name,capacity_)
-		{
-			changeSize(size_);
-		}
+		/// Vector with name, size (n) and reserved capacity 
+		VectorSingle(const word& name, uint32 cap, uint32 n, RESERVE );
+		
+		/// Construct with a name and form std::vector (host memory)
+		VectorSingle(const word& name, const std::vector<T> & src); 
 
-		// - a vector with size n
-		VectorSingle(size_t n)
-		:
-			VectorSingle("VectorSingle",n)
-		{}
+		/// Construct with a name and form std::vector (host memory) and with a desired capacity. 
+		VectorSingle(const word& name, const std::vector<T> & src, uint32 cap);
+		
+		/// Copy construct (performs deep copy)
+		VectorSingle(const VectorSingle& src);
+		
+    	/// Copy construct with a new name (perform deep copy)
+		VectorSingle(const word& name, const VectorSingle& src);
 
-		// - a vector with name and size n
-		VectorSingle(const word& name, size_t n)
-		:
-			size_(n),
-			capacity_(evalCapacity(n)),
-			view_(name, capacity_)
-		{
-			changeSize(size_);
-		}
+		/// Copy construct with a new name (perform deep copy)
+		VectorSingle(const word& name, const ViewType1D<T, MemorySpace>& src);
+		
+		/// Copy assignment (perform deep copy from rhs to *this)
+		VectorSingle& operator = (const VectorSingle& rhs) ;
+		
+		/// Move construct
+		VectorSingle(VectorSingle&&) = default;   
 
-		// a vector with size and value 
-		VectorSingle(size_t n, const T& val)
-		:
-			VectorSingle("VectorSingle", n , val)
-		{}
+		/// Move assignment
+		VectorSingle& operator= (VectorSingle&&) = default; 
 
-		// a vector with name, size and value
-		VectorSingle(const word& name, size_t n, const T& val)
-		:
-			VectorSingle(name, n)
-		{
-			assign(n, val);
-		}
+		/// @brief Descructor
+        /// This may not destroy the underlying memory, sice view is 
+		/// shared_ptr and maybe referenced by another object too 
+		~VectorSingle();
 
-		// a vector with name and reserved capacity 
-		VectorSingle(size_t cap, size_t n, RESERVE )
-		:
-			VectorSingle("VectorSingle", cap, n, RESERVE())
-		{}
-
-
-		// a vector with name and reserved capacity 
-		VectorSingle(const word& name, size_t cap, size_t n, RESERVE )
-		:
-			VectorSingle(name)
-		{
-			reallocate(cap);
-			size_ = n;
-		}
-
-		// - construct from pFlow::Vector (host memory)
-		VectorSingle(const Vector<T> & src)
-		:
-			VectorSingle("VectorSingle", src)
-		{}
-
-		// - construct from pFlow::Vector and name 
-		VectorSingle(const word& name, const Vector<T> & src)
-		:
-			VectorSingle(name)
-		{
-			assign(src);
-		}
-
-		// - copy construct (perform deep copy)
-		VectorSingle(const VectorSingle& src)
-		:
-			VectorSingle(src.name(), src.capacity(), src.size(), RESERVE())
-		{	
-			copy(deviceVectorAll(), src.deviceVectorAll());
-			////Kokkos::deep_copy(deviceVectorAll(), src.deviceVectorAll());
-		}
-
-		// - copy construct with a new name 
-		VectorSingle(const word& name, const VectorSingle& src)
-		:
-			VectorSingle(name, src.capacity(), src.size(), RESERVE())
-		{
-			copy(deviceVectorAll(), src.deviceVectorAll());	
-			////Kokkos::deep_copy(deviceVectorAll(), src.deviceVectorAll());
-		}
-
-		// - copy assignment 
-		VectorSingle& operator = (const VectorSingle& rhs)
-		{
-			if(&rhs == this) return *this;
-			VectorSingle temp(rhs);
-			capacity_   = temp.capacity();
-			size_ 		= temp.size();	
-			view_   = temp.view_;
-			subViewUpdated_ = false;
-
-			return *this;
-		}
-
-		// no move construct
-		VectorSingle(VectorSingle&&) = delete;
-
-		// no move assignment
-		VectorSingle& operator= (VectorSingle&&) = delete;
-
-
-		// - clone as a uniquePtr
+		/// Clone as a uniquePtr (perform deep copy)
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
-		uniquePtr<VectorSingle> clone() const
-		{
-			return makeUnique<VectorSingle>(*this);
-		}
-
-		// - clone as a pointer
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		VectorSingle* clonePtr()const
-		{
-			return new VectorSingle(*this);
-		}
+		uniquePtr<VectorSingle> clone() const;
 
+			
 	//// - Methods
 
-		// - return *this
+		/// Return *this
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		VectorType& VectorField()
-		{
-			return *this;
-		}
+		VectorType& VectorField();
 
-		// - return *this
+		/// Return *this
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		const VectorType& VectorField()const
-		{
-			return *this;
-		}
+		const VectorType& VectorField()const;
 
-
-		// - Device vector range [0,capcity)
+		/// Device view range [0,capcity)
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
-		viewType& deviceVectorAll(){
-			return view_;
-		}
+		auto& deviceViewAll();
 
-		// - Device vector range [0,capacity)
+		/// Device view range [0,capcity)
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
-		const viewType& deviceVectorAll() const {
-			return view_;
-		}
+		const auto& deviceViewAll() const;
 
-		//  - Device vector range [0, size)
+		///  Device view range [0, size)
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
-		viewType& deviceVector(){
-			updateSubView();
-			return subView_;
-		}
+		auto deviceView()const;
 
-		//  - Device vector range [0, size)
+		/// Return a view accessible on Host in range [0,capacity)
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
-		const viewType& deviceVector()const{
-			updateSubView();
-			return subView_;
-		}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
-		const auto hostVectorAll()const
-		{
-			auto hView = Kokkos::create_mirror_view(view_);
-			copy(hView, view_);
-			return hView;
-		}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
-		auto hostVectorAll()
-		{
-			auto hView = Kokkos::create_mirror_view(view_);
-			copy(hView, view_);
-			return hView;
-		}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
-		const auto hostVector()const
-		{
-			auto hView = Kokkos::create_mirror_view(deviceVector());
-			copy(hView, deviceVector());
-			return hView;
-		}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
-		auto hostVector()
-		{
-			auto hView = Kokkos::create_mirror_view(deviceVector());
-			copy(hView, deviceVector());
-			return hView;
-		}
-
-		// - name of vector 
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
-		const word name()const
-		{
-			return view_.label();
-		}
+		auto hostViewAll()const;
 		
-		// - size of vector 
+
+		/// Return a view accessible on Host in range [0,size)
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
-		size_t size()const
-		{
-			return size_;
-		}
+		auto hostView()const;
 
-		// - capcity of vector 
+		/// Name of the vector 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
-		size_t capacity()const
-		{
-			return capacity_;
-		}
-
-		// - if vector is empty 
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
-		bool empty()const
-		{
-			return size_==0;
-		}
-
-		// - reserve capacity for vector 
-		//   preserve the content
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
-		void reserve(size_t cap)
-		{
-			changeSize(cap, true);
-		}
-
-		// - reallocate memory
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H void reallocate(size_t cap)
-		{
-			capacity_ = cap;
-			size_ = 0;
-			reallocNoInit(view_, capacity_);
-			subViewUpdated_ = false;
-		}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H void reallocate(size_t cap, size_t size)
-		{
-			capacity_ = cap;
-			size_ = size;
-			reallocNoInit(view_, capacity_);
-			subViewUpdated_ = false;
-		}
-
-		// resize the vector  
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
-		void resize(size_t n){
-			changeSize(n);
-		}
-
-		// resize the view and assign value to the most recent view (most updated)
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
-		void resize(size_t n, const T& val) {
-			assign(n, val);
-		}
-
-		// - clear the vector 
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
-		void clear() {
-			 size_ = 0;
-			 subViewUpdated_ = false;
-
-		}
-
-		// - fill the range [0,size) with val
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
-		void fill(const T& val)
-		{
-			if(empty())return;
-			pFlow::fill(deviceVectorAll(),0 ,size_ ,val);
-		}
+		word name()const;
 		
-		// - host calls only
-		// - assign n first elements to val
-		//   resize view
-		//   assign value to either side (device/host)
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		void assign(size_t n, const T& val)
-		{
-			if(capacity()<n)
-			{
-				this->reallocate(evalCapacity(n));
-			}
-			size_ = n;
-			this->fill(val);
-		}
-
-		// - host calls only
-		// - assign source vector
-		//   resize views
-		//   assign to both sides (device&host)
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H void assign(const Vector<T>& src)
-		{
-			auto srcSize = src.size();
-			if( capacity() < srcSize ) 
-			{
-				this->reallocate( src.capacity() );
-			}
-			size_ = srcSize;
-			
-			// - unmanaged view in the host
-			hostViewType1D<const T> temp(src.data(), srcSize );
-			copy(deviceVector(), temp);
-		}
-
-
-		//TODO: change it to parallel version 
-		// - delete elements from vector 
-		//   similar memory spaces 
-		/*template<class indT, class MSpace>
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
-			typename std::enable_if<
-				Kokkos::SpaceAccessibility<
-					execution_space, typename VectorSingle<indT,MSpace>::memory_space>::accessible,
-					bool>::type
-		deleteElement
-		(
-			const VectorSingle<indT,MSpace>& sortedIndices
-		)
-		{
-			
-			auto& indices = sortedIndices.deviceVectorAll();
-			auto& dVec = deviceVectorAll();
-			indT  numInd = sortedIndices.size();
-			indT  oldSize = this->size();
-
-			if( numInd == 0 )return true;
-			
-			// an scalalr
-			
-			Kokkos::parallel_for(1, LAMBDA_HD(int nn)
-			 	{
-			 		(void)nn;	
-			 		indT n = 0;
-					indT nextInd = indices[0];
-					indT j = indices[0];
-					for(label i=indices[0]; i < oldSize; ++i)
-					{
-						if( n < numInd && i == nextInd )
-						{
-							++n;
-							nextInd = indices[n];
-						}
-						else
-						{
-							dVec[j] = dVec[i];
-							++j;	
-						}				
-					}
-
-			 	});
-			typename viewType::execution_space().fence();
-			size_ = oldSize - indices.size();
-			subViewUpdated_ = false;
-
-			return true;
-		}
-
-		// different memory spaces 
-		template<class indT, class MSpace>
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
-		typename std::enable_if<
-				! Kokkos::SpaceAccessibility<
-					execution_space, typename VectorSingle<indT,MSpace>::memory_space>::accessible,
-					bool>::type
-		deleteElement
-		(
-			const VectorSingle<indT,MSpace>& sortedIndices
-		)
-		{
-			
-			notImplementedFunction;
-		}*/
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		bool insertSetElement(const int32IndexContainer& indices, const T& val)
-		{
-			if(indices.empty()) return true;
-			auto maxInd = indices.max();
-
-			if(this->empty() || maxInd > size()-1 )
-			{
-				resize(maxInd+1);
-			}
-
-			if constexpr (isHostAccessible_)
-			{
-				fillSelected(deviceVectorAll(), indices.hostView(), indices.size(), val);
-				return true;
-			
-			}else
-			{
-				fillSelected(deviceVectorAll(), indices.deviceView(), indices.size(), val);
-				return true;
-			}
-
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		void sortItems(const int32IndexContainer& indices)
-		{
-			if(indices.size() == 0)
-			{
-				setSize(0);
-				return;
-			}
-			
-			size_t 		newSize = indices.size();
-			viewType 	sortedView("sortedView", newSize);
-
-			using policy = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
-			execution_space,
-			Kokkos::IndexType<int32> >;
-
-			auto d_indices = indices.deviceView();
-			auto d_view = view_;
-			Kokkos::parallel_for(
-				"sortItems",
-				newSize, 
-				LAMBDA_HD(int32 i){	
-					sortedView(i) = d_view(d_indices(i));
-				});
-
-			Kokkos::fence();
-
-			setSize(newSize);
-
-			copy(deviceVector(), sortedView);
-			
-			return;
-
-		}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		bool insertSetElement(const int32IndexContainer& indices, const Vector<T>& vals)
-		{
-
-			//Info<<"start of insertSetElement vecotsingle"<<endInfo;
-			if(indices.size() == 0)return true;
-			if(indices.size() != vals.size())return false;
-
-			auto maxInd = indices.max(); 
-			/*output<<"maxInd "<< maxInd<<endl;
-			output<<"size() "<< size()<<endl;*/
-			if(this->empty() || maxInd > size()-1 )
-			{
-				resize(maxInd+1);
-			} 
-
-				
-			hostViewType1D<const T> hVecVals( vals.data(), vals.size());
-			deviceViewType1D<T> dVecVals("dVecVals", indices.size());
-
-			copy(dVecVals, hVecVals);
-
-			using policy = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
-			execution_space,
-			Kokkos::IndexType<int32> >;
-			auto dVec = deviceVectorAll();
-			auto dIndex = indices.deviceView();
 		
-			Kokkos::parallel_for(
-				"insertSetElement",
-				policy(0,indices.size()), LAMBDA_HD(int32 i){	
-				dVec(dIndex(i))= dVecVals(i);
-				});
-			Kokkos::fence();
+		/// Size of the vector 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		uint32 size()const;
+		
 
-			return true;
-			
-		}
+		// Capcity of the vector 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		uint32 capacity()const;
+		
+		/// If vector is empty 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		bool empty()const;
+		
+		/// Reserve capacity for vector 
+		/// Preserve the content.
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		void reserve(uint32 cap); 
+
+		/// Reallocate memory to new cap and set size to 0. 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		void reallocate(uint32 cap); 
+		
+		/// Reallocate memory to new cap and set size to newSize. 
+		/// Do not preserve the content
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		void reallocate(uint32 cap, uint32 newSize); 
+		
+		/// Resize the vector and preserve the content
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H   
+		void resize(uint32 n);
+
+		/// Resize the vector and assign the value to it. 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H  
+		void resize(uint32 n, const T& val);
+
+		/// Clear the vector, but keep the allocated memory unchanged 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		void clear();
+		
+		/// Fill the range [0,size) with val
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		void fill(const T& val);
 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		bool insertSetElement(const Vector<int32>& indices, const T& val)
-		{
-			if(indices.empty()) return true;
+		void fill(rangeU32 r,  const T& val);
+		
+		/// Change size of the vector and assign val to vector and 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		void assign(size_t n, const T& val);
+		
+		/// Assign source vector with specified capacity.
+		/// The size of *this becomes the size of src. 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		void assign(const std::vector<T>& src, uint32 cap); 
+		
 
-			auto maxInd = max(indices);
-			
-			if(this->empty() || maxInd > size()-1 )
-			{
-				resize(maxInd+1);
-			}
+		/// Assign source vector.
+		/// The size of *this becomes the size of src. 
+		/// The capacity of *this becomes the capacity of src.
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		void assign(const std::vector<T>& src);
 
-			if constexpr (isHostAccessible_)
-			{
-				hostViewType1D<int32> hostView(const_cast<int32*>(indices.data()), indices.size());
-				fillSelected(deviceVectorAll(), hostView, indices.size(), val);
-				return true;
-			
-			}else
-			{
-
-				// TODO: remove the const_cast 
-				hostViewType1D<int32> hostView(const_cast<int32*>(indices.data()), indices.size());
-				deviceViewType1D<int32> dView("dView", indices.size());
-				copy(dView, hostView);
-				fillSelected(deviceVectorAll(), dView, indices.size(), val);
-				return true;
-			}
-
-			return false;
-		}
+		/// Assign source vector from host side.
+		/// The size of *this becomes the size of src. 
+		/// The capacity of *this becomes the capacity of src.
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		void assignFromHost(const VectorTypeHost& src);
 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		bool insertSetElement(const Vector<int32>& indices, const Vector<T>& vals)
-		{
-			if(indices.size() == 0)return true;
-			if(indices.size() != vals.size())return false;
+		void assign(const VectorType& src, bool srcCapacity = true);
 
-			auto maxInd = max(indices); 
-			
-			if(this->empty() || maxInd > size()-1 )
-			{
-				resize(maxInd+1);
-			} 
+		template<typename MSpace>
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		void assignFromDevice(const VectorSingle<T, MSpace>& src, bool srcCapacity = true);
 
-			if constexpr (isHostAccessible_)
-			{
-				// TODO: remove const_cast
-				hostViewType1D<int32> hVecInd( const_cast<int32*>(indices.data()), indices.size());
-				hostViewType1D<T> hVecVals( const_cast<T*>(vals.data()), vals.size());
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		void append(const ViewType1D<T,MemorySpace>& appVec);
 
-				fillSelected(deviceVectorAll(), hVecInd, hVecVals, indices.size());
-				return true;
-			
-			}else
-			{
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		void append(const std::vector<T>& appVec);
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		void append(const VectorType& appVec);
+		
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		auto getSpan();
 				
-				// TODO: remove const_cast
-				hostViewType1D<int32> hVecInd( const_cast<int32*>(indices.data()), indices.size());
-				deviceViewType1D<int32> dVecInd("dVecInd", indices.size());
-
-				hostViewType1D<T> hVecVals( const_cast<T*>(vals.data()), vals.size());
-				deviceViewType1D<T> dVecVals("dVecVals", indices.size());
-				
-				copy(dVecVals, hVecVals);
-				copy(dVecInd, hVecInd);
-
-				fillSelected(deviceVectorAll(), dVecInd, dVecVals, indices.size());
-				return true;
-			}
-
-			return false;
-		}
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		auto getSpan()const;
+		
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		bool insertSetElement(const uint32IndexContainer& indices, const T& val);
+		
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		bool insertSetElement(const uint32IndexContainer& indices, const std::vector<T>& vals);
+		
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		bool insertSetElement(
+			const uint32IndexContainer& indices, 
+			const ViewType1D<T, memory_space> vals);
 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		bool append(const deviceViewType1D<T>& dVec, size_t numElems)
-		{
+		bool reorderItems(const uint32IndexContainer& indices);
 
-			if(numElems == 0 )return true;
-			auto oldSize = size_;
-			auto newSize = size_ + numElems;
-
-			if(this->empty() || newSize > capacity() )
-			{
-				resize(newSize);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				size_ = size_+numElems;
-			}
-			
-			auto dSubView = Kokkos::subview(view_, Kokkos::make_pair(oldSize, newSize)); 
-			copy(dSubView, dVec);
-
-			return true;
-		}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		bool append(const VectorSingle& Vec)
-		{
-			return append(Vec.deviceVector(), Vec.size());
-		}
-
-		// - host calls only
-		//   push a new element at the end
-		//   resize if necessary
-		//   works on host accessible vector 
+		/// @brief push a new element at the end (host call only)
+		///  resize if necessary and works on host accessible vector.
 		template<bool Enable = true>
-		typename std::enable_if<
-			isHostAccessible_ && Enable,
-			void>::type
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		typename std::enable_if_t<isHostAccessible_ && Enable, void>
 		push_back(const T& val)
 		{
-			if(size_ == capacity_) 
-			{
-				changeSize(evalCapacity(capacity_), true);
-			}
-			data()[size_++] = val;
-			subViewUpdated_ = false;
+			auto n = changeSize(size_+1);
+			data()[n] = val;	
 		}
 
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H pointer data(){
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		pointer data(){
 			return view_.data();
 		}
 
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H constPointer data()const{
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		const_pointer data()const{
 			return view_.data();
 		}
 
-		// - host calls only
-		//   works on host accessible vector 
-		// 	 returns begin iterator 
+		/// Return begin iterator. It works when devices is host accessible.
 		template<bool Enable = true>
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
-		typename std::enable_if_t<
-			isHostAccessible_ && Enable,
-			iterator>
+		typename std::enable_if_t<isHostAccessible_ && Enable,iterator>
 		begin(){
 			return data();
 		}
 
-		// - host calls only
-		//   works on host accessible vector 
-		//   returns begin iterator 
+		/// Return begin iterator. it works when host is accessible.
 		template<bool Enable = true>
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
-		typename std::enable_if<
-			isHostAccessible_ && Enable,
-			constIterator>::type
+		typename std::enable_if_t<isHostAccessible_ && Enable,const_iterator>
 		begin()const {
 			return data();
 		}
 
-		// - host calls only
-		//   works on host accessible vector 
-		//   returns end iterator
+		
+		/// Return end iterator. it works when host is accessible.
 		template<bool Enable = true> 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		typename std::enable_if<
-			isHostAccessible_ && Enable,
-			iterator>::type
+		typename std::enable_if_t<isHostAccessible_ && Enable,iterator>
 		end(){
 			return size_ > 0 ? data() + size_: data();
 		}
 
-		// host call
-		// returns end iterator 
+		
+		/// Return end iterator. it works when host is accessible.
 		template<bool Enable = true>
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		typename std::enable_if<
-			isHostAccessible_ && Enable,
-			constIterator>::type
+		typename std::enable_if_t<isHostAccessible_ && Enable,const_iterator>
 		end()const{
 			return size_ > 0 ? data() + size_: data();
 		}
 				
-		// operator to be used on host side vectors
+		/// Return reference to element i. it works when host is accessible.
 		template<bool Enable = true>
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
-		typename std::enable_if<
-			isHostAccessible_ && Enable,
-			reference>::type
-		operator[](label i){
+		typename std::enable_if_t<isHostAccessible_ && Enable,reference>
+		operator[](size_t i){
 			return view_[i];
 		}
 
+		/// Return reference to element i. it works when host is accessible.
 		template<bool Enable = true>
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
-		typename std::enable_if<
-			isHostAccessible_ && Enable,
-			constReference>::type
-		 operator[](label i)const{
+		typename std::enable_if_t<isHostAccessible_ && Enable,const_reference>
+		 operator[](size_t i)const{
 			return view_[i];
 		}
 
 	//// - IO operations
 
+		/// Read vector from stream
 		FUNCTION_H
-		bool readVector(
-			iIstream& is,
-			size_t len=0)
+		bool read(iIstream& is)
 		{
-			Vector<T> vecFromFile;
-			if( !vecFromFile.readVector(is,len) ) return false;
+			std::vector<T> vecFromFile;
+			if(! readStdVector(is, vecFromFile)) return false;
 
 			this->assign(vecFromFile);
 
 			return true;
 		}
 
+		/// Read vector from stream
 		FUNCTION_H
-		bool read(iIstream& is)
+		bool read(iIstream& is, const IOPattern& iop)
 		{
-			return readVector(is);
+			std::vector<T> vecFromFile;
+			if(! readStdVector(is, vecFromFile, iop)) return false;
+			this->assign(vecFromFile);
+
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		/// Write the vector to os
+		FUNCTION_H
+		bool write(iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop)const
+		{
+			auto hVec = hostView();
+			auto sp = span<T>( const_cast<T*>(hVec.data()), hVec.size());
+			
+			return writeSpan(os, sp, iop);
+			
 		}
 
 		FUNCTION_H
 		bool write(iOstream& os)const
 		{
+			auto hVec = hostView();
+			auto sp = span<T>( const_cast<T*>(hVec.data()), hVec.size());
 			
-			Vector<T, noConstructAllocator<T>> vecToFile(this->size());
+			return writeSpan(os, sp);
 			
-			const auto dVec = Kokkos::subview(view_, Kokkos::make_pair(0,int(size_)));
-			hostViewType1D<T> mirror(vecToFile.data(), vecToFile.size());
-			copy(mirror,dVec);
+		}
 
-			return vecToFile.write(os);
+		template<typename HostMask>
+		FUNCTION_H
+		bool write(iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop, const HostMask& mask)const
+		{
+			auto hVec = hostView();
+			
+			auto numActive = mask.numActive();
+			std::vector<T> finalField;
+			finalField.clear();
+			finalField.reserve(numActive);
+			
+			uint32 start 	= mask.activeRange().start();
+			uint32 end 		= mask.activeRange().end();
+			
+			for(uint32 i=start; i<end; i++ )
+			{
+				if( mask() )
+					finalField.push_back(hVec[i]);
+			}
+
+			auto sp = span<T>( finalField.data(), finalField.size());
+
+			return writeSpan(os, sp, iop);
+
+		}
+
+
+		/// Name of the memory space
+		static  
+		constexpr const char* memoerySpaceName()
+		{
+			return memory_space::name();
 		}
 
 }; // class VectorSingle
@@ -888,12 +498,43 @@ inline iOstream& operator << (iOstream& os, const VectorSingle<T, MemorySpace>&
 }
 
 
-
-
 } // - pFlow
 
 #include "VectorSingleAlgorithms.hpp"
+#include "VectorSingle.cpp"
+
+
 
 
 #endif //__VectorSingle_hpp__
 
+
+/*
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		bool append(const deviceViewType1D<T>& dVec, size_t numElems)
+		{
+
+			if(numElems == 0 )return true;
+			auto oldSize = size_;
+			auto newSize = size_ + numElems;
+
+			if(this->empty() || newSize > capacity() )
+			{
+				resize(newSize);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				size_ = size_+numElems;
+			}
+			
+			auto dSubView = Kokkos::subview(view_, Kokkos::make_pair(oldSize, newSize)); 
+			copy(dSubView, dVec);
+
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		bool append(const VectorSingle& Vec)
+		{
+			return append(Vec.deviceView(), Vec.size());
+		}*/
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingleAlgorithms.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingleAlgorithms.hpp
index bdd5c521..831390d4 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingleAlgorithms.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingleAlgorithms.hpp
@@ -17,14 +17,10 @@ Licence:
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
 #ifndef __VectorSingleMath_hpp__
 #define __VectorSingleMath_hpp__
 
 
-
-
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
@@ -32,14 +28,14 @@ template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
 INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
 size_t count(const VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>& vec, const T& val)
 {
-	return count( vec.deviceVectorAll(), 0, vec.size(), val);
+	return count( vec.deviceViewAll(), 0, vec.size(), val);
 }
 
 template<class T, class MemorySpace>
 INLINE_FUNCTION_H T min( const VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>& vec) 
 {
 	return min(
-		vec.deviceVectorAll(),
+		vec.deviceViewAll(),
 		0, vec.size()
 		);	
 }
@@ -48,13 +44,11 @@ template<class T, class MemorySpace>
 INLINE_FUNCTION_H T max( const VectorSingle<T, MemorySpace>& vec) 
 {
 	return min(
-		vec.deviceVectorAll(),
+		vec.deviceViewAll(),
 		0, vec.size()
 		);		
 }
 
-
-
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/peakableRegions.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingles.cpp
similarity index 70%
rename from src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/peakableRegions.hpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingles.cpp
index a7c6784f..59a58468 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/peakableRegions.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingles.cpp
@@ -18,28 +18,18 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
-#ifndef __peakableRegions_hpp__
-#define __peakableRegions_hpp__
-
-#include "PeakableRegion.hpp"
-#include "boxRegion.hpp"
-#include "sphereRegion.hpp"
-
-namespace pFlow
-{
+#include "VectorSingles.hpp" 
 
 
-typedef PeakableRegion<boxRegion> boxPeakableRegion;
+template class Kokkos::View<pFlow::uint8*>;
+template class pFlow::VectorSingle<pFlow::uint8>;
 
-typedef PeakableRegion<sphereRegion> spherePeakableRegion;
+template class Kokkos::View<pFlow::uint32*>;
+template class pFlow::VectorSingle<pFlow::uint32>;
 
-} // pFlow
+template class Kokkos::View<pFlow::real*>;
+template class pFlow::VectorSingle<pFlow::real>;
 
-#ifndef BUILD_SHARED_LIBS
-	#include "peakableRegionInstantiate.cpp"
-#endif
+template class Kokkos::View<pFlow::realx3*>;
+template class pFlow::VectorSingle<pFlow::realx3>;
 
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingles.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingles.hpp
index ecae1398..2479715a 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingles.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingles.hpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ Licence:
 
 #include "types.hpp"
 #include "VectorSingle.hpp"
+#include "wordVectorHost.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
@@ -33,10 +34,6 @@ typedef VectorSingle<int8> 				int8Vector_D;
 
 typedef VectorSingle<int8, HostSpace> 	int8Vector_H;
 
-typedef VectorSingle<int16> 			int16Vector_D;
-
-typedef VectorSingle<int16, HostSpace> 	int16Vector_H;
-
 typedef VectorSingle<int32> 			int32Vector_D;
 
 typedef VectorSingle<int32, HostSpace> 	int32Vector_H;
@@ -45,13 +42,17 @@ typedef VectorSingle<int64> 			int64Vector_D;
 
 typedef VectorSingle<int64, HostSpace> 	int64Vector_H;
 
+typedef VectorSingle<uint8> 			uint8Vector_D;
+
+typedef VectorSingle<uint8, HostSpace> 	uint8Vector_H;
+
 typedef VectorSingle<uint32> 			uint32Vector_D;
 
 typedef VectorSingle<uint32, HostSpace> uint32Vector_H;
 
-typedef VectorSingle<label> 			labelVector_D;
+typedef VectorSingle<uint64> 			uint64Vector_D;
 
-typedef VectorSingle<label, HostSpace> 	labelVector_H;
+typedef VectorSingle<uint64, HostSpace> uint64Vector_H;
 
 typedef VectorSingle<real> 				realVector_D;
 
@@ -61,14 +62,6 @@ typedef VectorSingle<realx3> 				realx3Vector_D;
 
 typedef VectorSingle<realx3, HostSpace> 	realx3Vector_H;
 
-typedef VectorSingle<uint16x3> 				uint16x3Vector_D;
-
-typedef VectorSingle<uint16x3, HostSpace> 	uint16x3Vector_H;
-
-typedef VectorSingle<uint32x3> 				uint32x3Vector_D;
-
-typedef VectorSingle<uint32x3, HostSpace> 	uint32x3Vector_H;
-
 typedef VectorSingle<int32x3> 				int32x3Vector_D;
 
 typedef VectorSingle<int32x3, HostSpace> 	int32x3Vector_H;
@@ -77,10 +70,16 @@ typedef VectorSingle<int64x3> 				int64x3Vector_D;
 
 typedef VectorSingle<int64x3, HostSpace> 	int64x3Vector_H;
 
+typedef VectorSingle<uint32x3> 				uint32x3Vector_D;
+
+typedef VectorSingle<uint32x3, HostSpace> 	uint32x3Vector_H;
+
 typedef VectorSingle<realx3x3> 				realx3x3Vector_D;
 
 typedef VectorSingle<realx3x3, HostSpace> 	realx3x3Vector_H;
 
+typedef VectorSingle<word, HostSpace>        wordVector_H;
+
 }
 
 #endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/wordVectorHost.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/wordVectorHost.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eb1e8515
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/wordVectorHost.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+
+#include "wordVectorHost.hpp"
+
+bool pFlow::VectorSingle<pFlow::word,pFlow::HostSpace>::insertSetElement(
+    const uint32IndexContainer& indices, 
+    const word& val
+)
+{
+    if(indices.empty()) return true;
+	
+	auto maxInd = indices.max();
+
+	if(this->empty() || maxInd > size()-1 )
+	{
+		resize(maxInd+1);
+	}
+
+    auto ind = indices.hostView();
+    auto s = indices.size();
+
+    for(uint32 i=0; i< s; i++)
+    {
+        container_[ind[i]] = val;    
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::VectorSingle<pFlow::word,pFlow::HostSpace>::insertSetElement(
+    const uint32IndexContainer& indices, 
+    const std::vector<word>& vals
+)
+{
+    if(indices.empty())return true;
+	if(indices.size() != vals.size())return false;
+
+	auto maxInd = indices.max(); 
+	
+	if(this->empty() || maxInd > size()-1 )
+	{
+		resize(maxInd+1);
+	} 
+
+	auto ind = indices.hostView();
+	auto s = indices.size();
+
+	for(uint32 i=0; i< s; i++)
+	{
+		container_[ind[i]] = vals[i];    
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::VectorSingle<pFlow::word,pFlow::HostSpace>::insertSetElement(
+	const uint32IndexContainer& indices, 
+	const ViewType1D<word, memory_space> vals
+)
+{
+	if(indices.empty())return true;
+	if(indices.size() != vals.size())return false;
+
+	auto maxInd = indices.max(); 
+	
+	if(this->empty() || maxInd > size()-1 )
+	{
+		resize(maxInd+1);
+	} 
+
+	auto ind = indices.hostView();
+	auto s = indices.size();
+
+	for(uint32 i=0; i< s; i++)
+	{
+		container_[ind[i]] = vals[i];    
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/wordVectorHost.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/wordVectorHost.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cb6d15b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/wordVectorHost.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,550 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __wordVectorHost_hpp__
+#define __wordVectorHost_hpp__
+
+#include "VectorSingle.hpp"
+#include "Vector.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+
+template<>
+class VectorSingle<word, HostSpace>
+{
+public:
+	
+	//- typedefs for accessing data
+
+		using VectorType		= VectorSingle<word, HostSpace>;
+
+		using VectorTypeHost 	= VectorSingle<word, HostSpace>; 		
+
+		using iterator        = word*;
+
+		using const_iterator   = const word*;
+	  	
+		using reference       = word&;
+	  	
+	 	using const_reference  = const word&;
+
+		using value_type       = word;
+	  	
+		using pointer         = word*;
+	  	
+		using const_pointer    = const word*;
+  	
+	//- typedefs related to memory management 
+
+		using viewType 			= ViewType1D<word, HostSpace>;
+
+		using device_type 		= typename viewType::device_type;
+
+		using memory_space 		= typename viewType::memory_space;
+
+		using execution_space 	= typename viewType::execution_space;
+
+private:
+	
+	// - Data members
+
+		Vector<word>              container_;
+
+        mutable viewType          unManagedView_;
+
+	// - protected members and methods 		
+
+		/// Is the memory of this vector accessible from Host
+		static constexpr 
+		bool  isHostAccessible_ = true; 
+
+		/// Is the memory of this vector accessiple from Divce
+		static constexpr
+		bool isDeviceAccessible_ = false; 
+
+		static constexpr
+		bool isTriviallyCopyable_ = false; 
+
+	
+public:
+
+	/// Type info
+	TypeInfoTemplateNV111("VectorSingle", word , memoerySpaceName());
+
+	//// - Constructors
+
+		/// Empty vector
+		VectorSingle() = default;
+		
+		/// Empty vector with a name (capacity = 2) 
+		explicit VectorSingle(const word& name)
+        :
+            container_(name)
+        {}
+		
+		/// Vector with name and size n
+		VectorSingle(const word& name, uint32 n)
+        :
+            container_(name, n)
+        {}
+		
+		/// Vector with name, size and value
+		VectorSingle(const word& name, uint32 n, const word& val)
+        :
+            container_(name, n, val)
+        {}
+
+		/// Vector with name, size (n) and reserved capacity 
+		VectorSingle(const word& name, uint32 cap, uint32 n, const RESERVE& r )
+        :
+            container_(name, cap, n, r)
+        {}
+		
+		/// Construct with a name and form std::vector (host memory)
+		VectorSingle(const word& name, const std::vector<word> & src)
+        :
+            container_(name, src)
+        {} 
+
+		/// Construct with a name and form std::vector (host memory) and with a desired capacity. 
+		VectorSingle(const word& name, const std::vector<word> & src, uint32 cap)
+        :
+            container_(name, src, cap)
+        {}
+		
+		/// Copy construct (performs deep copy)
+		VectorSingle(const VectorSingle& src)=default;
+		
+    	/// Copy construct with a new name (perform deep copy)
+		VectorSingle(const word& name, const VectorSingle& src)
+        :
+            container_(name, src.container_)
+        {}
+
+				
+		/// Copy assignment (perform deep copy from rhs to *this)
+		VectorSingle& operator = (const VectorSingle& rhs)=default;
+		
+		/// Move construct
+		VectorSingle(VectorSingle&&) = default;   
+
+		/// Move assignment
+		VectorSingle& operator= (VectorSingle&&) = default; 
+
+		/// @brief Descructor
+        /// This may not destroy the underlying memory, sice view is 
+		/// shared_ptr and maybe referenced by another object too 
+		~VectorSingle() = default;
+
+		/// Clone as a uniquePtr (perform deep copy)
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		uniquePtr<VectorSingle> clone() const
+        {
+            return makeUnique<VectorSingle>(*this);
+        }
+
+			
+	//// - Methods
+
+		/// Return *this
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		VectorType& VectorField()
+        {
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+		/// Return *this
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		const VectorType& VectorField()const
+        {
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+		/// Device view range [0,capcity)
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		auto& deviceViewAll()
+        {
+            // return un-managed view 
+            unManagedView_ = viewType(container_.data(), container_.capacity());
+            return unManagedView_;
+        }
+
+		/// Device view range [0,capcity)
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		const auto& deviceViewAll() const
+        {
+            // return un-managed view 
+            unManagedView_ = viewType(const_cast<word*>(container_.data()), container_.capacity());
+            return unManagedView_;
+        }
+
+		///  Device view range [0, size)
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		auto deviceView()const
+        {
+            return viewType(const_cast<word*>(container_.data()), container_.size());
+        }
+
+		/// Return a view accessible on Host in range [0,capacity)
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		auto hostViewAll()const
+        {
+            return viewType(const_cast<word*>(container_.data()), container_.capacity());
+        }
+		
+
+		/// Return a view accessible on Host in range [0,size)
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		auto hostView()const
+        {
+            return viewType(const_cast<word*>(container_.data()), container_.size());
+        }
+
+		/// Name of the vector 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		word name()const
+        {
+            return container_.name();
+        }
+		
+		
+		/// Size of the vector 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		uint32 size()const
+        {
+            return container_.size();
+        }
+		
+
+		// Capcity of the vector 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		uint32 capacity()const
+        {
+            return container_.capacity();
+        }
+		
+		/// If vector is empty 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		bool empty()const
+        {
+            return container_.size()==0uL;
+        }
+
+		
+		/// Reserve capacity for vector 
+		/// Preserve the content.
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		void reserve(uint32 cap)
+        {
+            container_.reserve(cap);
+        } 
+
+		/// Reallocate memory to new cap and set size to 0. 
+		/*INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		void reallocate(uint32 cap); 
+		
+		/// Reallocate memory to new cap and set size to newSize. 
+		/// Do not preserve the content
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		void reallocate(uint32 cap, uint32 newSize);*/
+		
+		/// Resize the vector and preserve the content
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H   
+		void resize(uint32 n)
+        {
+            container_.resize(n);
+        }
+
+		/// Resize the vector and assign the value to it. 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H  
+		void resize(uint32 n, const word& val)
+        {
+            container_.resize(n, val);
+        }
+
+		/// Clear the vector, but keep the allocated memory unchanged 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		void clear()
+        {
+            container_.clear();
+        }
+		
+		/// Fill the range [0,size) with val
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		void fill(const word& val)
+        {
+            container_.fill(val);
+        }
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		void fill(rangeU32 r,  const word& val)
+        {
+            container_.fill(r.start(), r.end(), val);
+        }
+		
+		/// Change size of the vector and assign val to vector and 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		void assign(size_t n, const word& val)
+        {
+            container_.assign(n, val);
+        }
+		
+		/// Assign source vector with specified capacity.
+		/// The size of *this becomes the size of src. 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		void assign(const std::vector<word>& src, uint32 cap)
+        {
+            container_.reserve(cap);
+            this->assign(src);
+        }
+		
+
+		/// Assign source vector.
+		/// The size of *this becomes the size of src. 
+		/// The capacity of *this becomes the capacity of src.
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		void assign(const std::vector<word>& src)
+        {
+            container_.assign(src.begin(), src.end());
+        }
+
+		/// Assign source vector from host side.
+		/// The size of *this becomes the size of src. 
+		/// The capacity of *this becomes the capacity of src.
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		void assignFromHost(const VectorTypeHost& src)
+        {
+            notImplementedFunction;
+            fatalExit;
+        }
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		void assign(const VectorType& src, bool srcCapacity = true)
+        {
+            notImplementedFunction;
+            fatalExit;
+        }
+
+		template<typename MSpace>
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		void assignFromDevice(const VectorSingle<word, MSpace>& src, bool srcCapacity = true)
+		{
+			notImplementedFunction;
+            fatalExit;
+		}
+
+		/*INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		void append(const ViewType1D<T,MemorySpace>& appVec);
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		void append(const std::vector<T>& appVec);
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		void append(const VectorType& appVec);*/
+		
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		auto getSpan()
+        {
+            return span<word>(container_.data(), container_.size());
+        }
+				
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		auto getSpan()const
+        {
+            return span<word>(const_cast<word*>(container_.data()), container_.size());
+        }
+		
+		
+		bool insertSetElement(const uint32IndexContainer& indices, const word& val);
+        
+		
+		
+		bool insertSetElement(const uint32IndexContainer& indices, const std::vector<word>& vals);
+        
+		
+		
+		bool insertSetElement(
+			const uint32IndexContainer& indices, 
+			const ViewType1D<word, memory_space> vals
+        );
+        
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		bool reorderItems(const uint32IndexContainer& indices)
+        {
+            notImplementedFunction;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+		/// @brief push a new element at the end (host call only)
+		///  resize if necessary and works on host accessible vector.
+		
+		void push_back(const word& val)
+		{
+			container_.push_back(val);
+		}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		pointer data(){
+			return container_.data();
+		}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		const_pointer data()const{
+			return container_.data();
+		}
+
+		/// Return begin iterator. It works when devices is host accessible.
+		auto
+		begin(){
+			return container_.begin();
+		}
+
+		/// Return begin iterator. it works when host is accessible.
+		const auto
+		begin()const {
+			return container_.begin();
+		}
+		
+		auto end(){
+			return container_.end();
+		}
+
+		/// Return end iterator. it works when host is accessible.
+		const auto end()const{
+			return container_.end();
+		}
+				
+		/// Return reference to element i. it works when host is accessible.		
+		word& operator[](size_t i){
+			return container_[i];
+		}
+
+		const word& operator[](size_t i)const{
+			return container_[i];
+		}
+
+	//// - IO operations
+
+		/// Read vector from stream
+		FUNCTION_H
+		bool read(iIstream& is)
+		{
+			return container_.read(is);
+		}
+
+		/// Read vector from stream
+		FUNCTION_H
+		bool read(iIstream& is, const IOPattern& iop)
+		{
+			return container_.read(is, iop);
+		}
+
+		/// Write the vector to os
+		FUNCTION_H
+		bool write(iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop)const
+		{
+			return container_.write(os, iop);
+		}
+
+		FUNCTION_H
+		bool write(iOstream& os)const
+		{
+			return container_.write(os);	
+		}
+
+		template<typename HostMask>
+		FUNCTION_H
+		bool write(iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop, const HostMask& mask)const
+		{
+			notImplementedFunction;
+			return false;
+		}
+
+
+		/// Name of the memory space
+		static  
+		constexpr const char* memoerySpaceName()
+		{
+			return memory_space::name();
+		}
+
+}; // class wordVectorHost
+
+inline iIstream& operator >> (iIstream & is, VectorSingle<word, HostSpace> & ivec )
+{
+	if( !ivec.read(is) )
+	{
+		ioErrorInFile (is.name(), is.lineNumber());
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+	return is;
+}
+
+inline iOstream& operator << (iOstream& os, const VectorSingle<word, HostSpace>& ovec )
+{
+	
+	if( !ovec.write(os) )
+	{
+		ioErrorInFile(os.name(), os.lineNumber());
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+	return os; 
+}
+
+
+} // - pFlow
+
+
+
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		bool append(const deviceViewType1D<T>& dVec, size_t numElems)
+		{
+
+			if(numElems == 0 )return true;
+			auto oldSize = size_;
+			auto newSize = size_ + numElems;
+
+			if(this->empty() || newSize > capacity() )
+			{
+				resize(newSize);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				size_ = size_+numElems;
+			}
+			
+			auto dSubView = Kokkos::subview(view_, Kokkos::make_pair(oldSize, newSize)); 
+			copy(dSubView, dVec);
+
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		bool append(const VectorSingle& Vec)
+		{
+			return append(Vec.deviceView(), Vec.size());
+		}*/
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/indexContainer/indexContainer.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/indexContainer/indexContainer.hpp
index 7b517a5a..4486cd2c 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/indexContainer/indexContainer.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/indexContainer/indexContainer.hpp
@@ -21,32 +21,41 @@ Licence:
 #ifndef __indexContainer_hpp__ 
 #define __indexContainer_hpp__
 
-#include "span.hpp"
-#include "KokkosTypes.hpp"
-#include "KokkosUtilities.hpp"
-#include "ViewAlgorithms.hpp"
+#include <vector>
 
+#include "phasicFlowKokkos.hpp"
+#include "typeInfo.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
+/**
+ * It holds two vectors of indecis on Host and Device.
+ * Host vector should be used for threads running on
+ * Host and Device vector should be used for threads
+ * running on Device.
+ */
 template<typename IndexType>
 class indexContainer
 {
 public:
 	
-	using DualViewType 		= Kokkos::DualView<IndexType*>;
+	using DVType 					= DualViewType1D<IndexType>;
+	///  Device type on device 
+	using DeviceViewType 	= typename DVType::t_dev;
 
-	// - viewType of data on device 
-  	using DeviceViewType 	= typename DualViewType::t_dev;
+	/// Host type on device 
+	using HostViewType 		= typename DVType::t_host;
 
-  	// - viewType of data on host
-  	using HostViewType 		= typename DualViewType::t_host;
+	/// Host memory type
+	using HostType 			= typename HostViewType::device_type;
 
-  	using HostType 			= typename HostViewType::device_type;
-
-  	using DeviceType 		= typename DeviceViewType::device_type;
+	/// Device memory ype
+	using DeviceType 		= typename DeviceViewType::device_type;
 
+	/**
+	 * Helper class for accessing index on host or device 
+	 */
   	template<typename ViewType>
   	class IndexAccessor
   	{
@@ -58,169 +67,225 @@ public:
   		view_(v){}
 
   		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-  		IndexType operator()(int32 i)const
+  		IndexType operator()(uint32 i)const
   		{
   			return view_[i];
   		}
+
+  		uint32 size()const
+  		{
+  			return view_.extent(0);
+  		}
   	};
 
 protected:
 
-	int32 		min_  	= 0;
-	int32 		max_ 	= 0;
-	size_t 		size_	= 0; 	
+	/// min value in indices
+	IndexType 		min_  	= 0;
 
-	DualViewType 	views_;
+	/// max value in the indices
+	IndexType 		max_ 	= 0;
+
+	/// number/size of index vector 
+	uint32 			size_	= 0; 	
+
+	/// views to hold indices on Host and Device
+	DVType 			views_;
 
 public:
 
-	indexContainer(){}
+	TypeInfoTemplateNV11("indexContainer", IndexType);
 
-	// half open [begin,end)
-	indexContainer(IndexType begin, IndexType end)
-	:
-		min_(begin),
-		max_(end-1),
-		size_(end-begin),
-		views_("indexContainer", size_)
-	{
-		pFlow::fillSequence(views_.h_view, 0, size_, min_);
-		copy(views_.d_view, views_.h_view);
-	}
+	//// - Constructors 
 
+		/// Default
+		indexContainer(){}
 
-	indexContainer(IndexType* data, int32 numElems)
-	:
-		size_(numElems),
-		views_("indexContainer", numElems)
-	{
-		HostViewType hData(data, numElems);
-		copy(views_.h_view, hData);
-		copy(views_.d_view, views_.h_view);
-		min_ 	= pFlow::min(views_.d_view, 0, numElems);
-		max_ 	= pFlow::max(views_.d_view, 0, numElems);
-	}
+		/// Construct from a Range (half open)
+		template<typename T>
+		indexContainer(const Range<T>& rng)
+		:
+			indexContainer
+			(
+				static_cast<IndexType>(rng.begin()), 
+				static_cast<IndexType>(rng.end())
+			)
+		{}
 
-	indexContainer(const indexContainer&) = default;
-
-	indexContainer& operator = (const indexContainer&) = default;
-
-	indexContainer(indexContainer&&) = default;
-
-	indexContainer& operator = (indexContainer&&) = default;	
-
-	~indexContainer() = default;
-
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	size_t size()const
-	{
-		return size_;
-	}
-
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	size_t empty()const
-	{
-		return size_==0;
-	}
-	
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	IndexType min()const
-	{
-		return min_;
-	}
-
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	IndexType max()const
-	{
-		return max_;
-	}
-
-	template<typename executionSpace>
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	IndexType operator()(selectSide<executionSpace>,int32 i)const
-	{	
-		if constexpr (isHostAccessible<executionSpace>())
+		/// Construct half open [begin,end)
+		indexContainer(IndexType begin, IndexType end)
+		:
+			min_(begin),
+			max_(end-1),
+			size_(end-begin),
+			views_("indexContainer", size_)
 		{
-			return views_.h_view(i);
-		}else
-		{
-			return views_.d_view(i);
-		}
-	}
-
-	const HostViewType& hostView()const
-	{
-		return views_.h_view;
-	}
-
-	const DeviceViewType& deviceView()const
-	{
-		return views_.d_view;
-	}
-
-	HostViewType& hostView()
-	{
-		return views_.h_view;
-	}
-
-	DeviceViewType& deviceView()
-	{
-		return views_.d_view;
-	}
-
-	auto indicesHost()const
-	{
-		return IndexAccessor<HostViewType>(views_.h_view);
-	}
-
-	auto indicesDevice()const
-	{
-		return IndexAccessor<DeviceViewType>(views_.d_view);
-	}
-
-	void modifyOnHost()
-	{
-		views_.modify_host();
-	}
-
-	void modifyOnDevice()
-	{
-		views_.modify_device();
-	}
-
-	void syncViews()
-	{
-		bool findMinMax = false;
-		if(views_.template need_sync<HostType>())
-		{
-			Kokkos::deep_copy(views_.d_view, views_.h_view);
-			findMinMax = true;
-		}
-		else if(views_.template need_sync<DeviceType>())
-		{
-			Kokkos::deep_copy(views_.h_view, views_.d_view);
-			findMinMax = true;
+			pFlow::fillSequence(views_.h_view, 0, size_, min_);
+			copy(views_.d_view, views_.h_view);
 		}
 
-		if(findMinMax)
+		/// From data and number of elements in data. 
+		/// data is a pointer in the Host memory 
+		indexContainer(IndexType* data, int32 numElems)
+		:
+			size_(numElems),
+			views_("indexContainer", numElems)
 		{
-			min_ 	= pFlow::min(views_.d_view, 0, size_);
-			max_ 	= pFlow::max(views_.d_view, 0, size_);
+			HostViewType hData(data, numElems);
+			copy(views_.h_view, hData);
+			copy(views_.d_view, views_.h_view);
+			min_ 	= pFlow::min(views_.d_view, 0, numElems);
+			max_ 	= pFlow::max(views_.d_view, 0, numElems);
+		}
+
+		indexContainer(std::vector<IndexType> &ind)
+		:
+			indexContainer(ind.data(), ind.size())
+		{}
+
+		indexContainer(const DeviceViewType& ind):
+			size_(ind.size()),
+			views_("indexContainer", size_)
+		{
+			copy(views_.h_view, ind);
+			copy(views_.d_view, ind);
+			min_ = pFlow::min(views_.d_view, 0, size_);
+			max_ = pFlow::max(views_.d_view, 0, size_);
+		}
+
+		/// Copy
+		indexContainer(const indexContainer&) = default;
+
+		/// Copy assignment
+		indexContainer& operator = (const indexContainer&) = default;
+
+		/// Move
+		indexContainer(indexContainer&&) = default;
+
+		/// Mover assignement 
+		indexContainer& operator = (indexContainer&&) = default;	
+
+		/// Destructor
+		~indexContainer() = default;
+
+	//// - Methods 
+
+		/// Size 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		auto size()const
+		{
+			return size_;
+		}
+
+		/// If the container empty
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		bool empty()const
+		{
+			return size_==0;
+		}
+		
+		/// Min value of indices 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		IndexType min()const
+		{
+			return min_;
+		}
+
+		/// Max value of indices 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		IndexType max()const
+		{
+			return max_;
+		}
+
+		/// Return Host veiw
+		const HostViewType& hostView()const
+		{
+			return views_.h_view;
+		}
+
+		/// Return Device view
+		const DeviceViewType& deviceView()const
+		{
+			return views_.d_view;
+		}
+
+		/// Return Host veiw
+		HostViewType& hostView()
+		{
+			return views_.h_view;
+		}
+
+		/// Return Device veiw
+		DeviceViewType& deviceView()
+		{
+			return views_.d_view;
+		}
+
+		/// Return index accessor that works on Host
+		auto indicesHost()const
+		{
+			return IndexAccessor<HostViewType>(views_.h_view);
+		}
+
+		/// Return index accessor that works on Device 
+		auto indicesDevice()const
+		{
+			return IndexAccessor<DeviceViewType>(views_.d_view);
+		}
+
+		/// Mark host is modified 
+		void modifyOnHost()
+		{
+			views_.modify_host();
+		}
+
+		/// Mark device is modified
+		void modifyOnDevice()
+		{
+			views_.modify_device();
+		}
+
+		/// synchronize views 
+		void syncViews()
+		{
+			bool findMinMax = false;
+			if(views_.template need_sync<DeviceType>())
+			{
+				Kokkos::deep_copy(views_.d_view, views_.h_view);
+				views_.clear_sync_state();
+				findMinMax = true;
+			}
+			else if(views_.template need_sync<HostType>())
+			{
+				Kokkos::deep_copy(views_.h_view, views_.d_view);
+				views_.clear_sync_state();
+				findMinMax = true;
+			}
+
+			if(findMinMax)
+			{
+				min_ 	= pFlow::min(views_.d_view, 0, size_);
+				max_ 	= pFlow::max(views_.d_view, 0, size_);
+			}
+		}
+
+		void syncViews(uint32 newSize)
+		{
+			size_ = newSize;
+			syncViews();
 		}
-	}
 
-	size_t setSize(size_t ns)
-	{
-		auto tmp = size_;
-		size_ = ns;
-		return tmp;
-	}
 };
 
 
+
 using int32IndexContainer = indexContainer<int32>;
 using int64IndexContainer = indexContainer<int64>;
 
+using uint32IndexContainer = indexContainer<uint32>;
+using uint64IndexContainer = indexContainer<uint64>;
+
 
 }
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/boundaryField/boundaryField.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/boundaryField/boundaryField.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1d31e39b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/boundaryField/boundaryField.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+pFlow::boundaryField<T, MemorySpace>::boundaryField
+(
+	const boundaryBase& boundary, 
+	const pointStructure& pStruct,
+	InternalFieldType& internal
+)
+:
+	generalBoundary
+	(
+		boundary, 
+		pStruct,
+		getTypeName<T>(), 
+		memory_space::name()
+	),
+	internal_(internal)
+{}
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+typename pFlow::boundaryField<T, MemorySpace>::ProcVectorType& 
+pFlow::boundaryField<T, MemorySpace>::neighborProcField()
+{
+	static ProcVectorType dummyVector{"dummyVector"};
+	//notImplementedFunction;
+	//fatalExit;
+	return dummyVector;
+}
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+const typename pFlow::boundaryField<T, MemorySpace>::ProcVectorType& 
+pFlow::boundaryField<T, MemorySpace>::neighborProcField() const
+{
+	static ProcVectorType dummyVector{"dummyVector"};
+	//notImplementedFunction;
+	//fatalExit;
+	return dummyVector;
+}
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::boundaryField<T, MemorySpace>>
+	pFlow::boundaryField<T, MemorySpace>::create
+(
+	const boundaryBase& boundary, 
+	const pointStructure& pStruct,
+	InternalFieldType& internal
+)
+{
+
+	word bType = angleBracketsNames3(
+		"boundaryField", 
+		boundary.type(),
+		getTypeName<T>(),
+		memory_space::name());
+
+	word bTypeAlter = angleBracketsNames3(
+		"boundaryField", 
+		"none",
+		getTypeName<T>(),
+		memory_space::name());
+
+	if(boundaryBasevCtorSelector_.search(bType))
+	{
+		return boundaryBasevCtorSelector_[bType](boundary, pStruct, internal);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		printKeys
+		( 
+			fatalError << "Ctor Selector "<< bType << "for type "<< 
+			Yellow_Text(getTypeName<T>())	<< " does not exist.\n"
+			<<"Avaiable ones are: \n\n"
+			,
+			boundaryBasevCtorSelector_
+		);
+		fatalExit;
+
+	}
+	return nullptr;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/boundaryField/boundaryField.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/boundaryField/boundaryField.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4f7526be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/boundaryField/boundaryField.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __boundaryField_hpp__
+#define __boundaryField_hpp__
+
+#include "generalBoundary.hpp"
+#include "internalField.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+
+// forward 
+template< class T, class MemorySpace>
+	class boundaryFieldList;
+
+enum class DataDirection
+{
+	MasterToSlave,
+	SlaveToMaster,
+	TwoWay
+};
+
+template< class T, class MemorySpace = void>
+class boundaryField
+:
+    public generalBoundary 
+{
+public:
+	
+	using BoundaryFieldType = boundaryField<T, MemorySpace>;
+
+	using InternalFieldType = internalField<T, MemorySpace>;
+
+	using memory_space 		= typename InternalFieldType::memory_space;
+
+	using execution_space 	= typename InternalFieldType::execution_space;
+
+	using FieldAccessType 	= scatteredFieldAccess<T, memory_space>;
+
+	using ProcVectorType 	= VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>;
+
+private:
+
+	/// friend et al. 
+	friend class boundaryFieldList<T,MemorySpace>;
+	
+    /// @brief a ref to the internal field 
+    InternalFieldType& 			internal_;
+
+	virtual 
+	bool updateBoundary(int step, DataDirection direction)
+	{
+		return true;
+	}
+
+public:
+
+	TypeInfoTemplate211("boundaryField","none" ,T, memory_space::name());
+
+	boundaryField(
+		const boundaryBase& boundary, 
+		const pointStructure& pStruct,
+		InternalFieldType& internal);
+	
+	create_vCtor
+	(
+		boundaryField,
+		boundaryBase,
+		(
+			const boundaryBase& boundary, 
+			const pointStructure& pStruct,
+			InternalFieldType& internal
+		),
+		(boundary, pStruct, internal)
+	);
+
+
+	add_vCtor
+	(
+		BoundaryFieldType,
+		BoundaryFieldType,
+		boundaryBase
+	);
+
+	bool hearChanges
+	(
+		real t,
+		real dt,
+		uint32 iter,
+		const message& msg, 
+    	const anyList& varList
+	) override
+    {
+		
+		if(msg.equivalentTo(message::BNDR_REARRANGE))
+		{
+			// do nothing
+		}
+		if(msg.equivalentTo(message::BNDR_RESET))
+		{
+			//do nothing
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	InternalFieldType& internal()
+	{
+		return internal_;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	const InternalFieldType& internal()const
+	{
+		return internal_;
+	}
+
+	word fieldName()const
+	{
+		return internal_.name(); 
+	}
+
+	word name()const
+	{
+		return groupNames(fieldName(),boundaryName());
+	}
+
+	FieldAccessType thisField()const
+	{
+        if constexpr(isDeviceAccessible<execution_space>())
+            return FieldAccessType(
+                this->size(),
+                this->indexList().deviceViewAll(),
+                internal_.deviceViewAll());
+        else
+            return FieldAccessType(
+                this->size(),
+                this->boundary().indexListHost().deviceViewAll(),
+                internal_.deviceViewAll());
+	}
+
+	FieldAccessType mirrorField()const
+	{
+        if constexpr(isDeviceAccessible<execution_space>())
+            return FieldAccessType(
+                this->mirrorBoundary().size(),
+                this->mirrorBoundary().indexList().deviceViewAll(),
+                internal_.deviceViewAll());
+        else
+            return FieldAccessType(
+                this->mirrorBoundary().size(),
+                this->mirrorBoundary().indexListHost().deviceViewAll(),
+                internal_.deviceViewAll());
+
+	}
+	
+	virtual 
+	ProcVectorType& neighborProcField();
+
+	virtual
+	const ProcVectorType& neighborProcField()const;
+
+	virtual
+	void fill(const T& val)
+	{
+		return;
+	}
+
+	static
+	uniquePtr<boundaryField> create(
+		const boundaryBase& boundary, 
+		const pointStructure& pStruct,
+		InternalFieldType& internal);
+
+};
+
+}
+
+#include "boundaryField.cpp"
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/boundaryFieldList.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/boundaryFieldList.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9d929490
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/boundaryFieldList.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __boundaryFieldList_hpp__
+#define __boundaryFieldList_hpp__
+
+#include "boundaryField.hpp"
+#include "boundaryList.hpp"
+#include "ListPtr.hpp"
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+template< class T, class MemorySpace = void >
+class boundaryFieldList
+:
+    public ListPtr< boundaryField<T, MemorySpace> >
+{
+public:
+
+    using BoundaryFieldType = boundaryField<T, MemorySpace>;
+
+    using InternalFieldType = typename BoundaryFieldType::InternalFieldType;
+    
+
+protected:
+
+    const boundaryList&         boundaries_;
+
+    uint32                      slaveToMasterUpdateIter_ = static_cast<uint32>(-1);
+
+public:
+
+    boundaryFieldList(const boundaryList& boundaries, InternalFieldType& internal)
+    :
+        ListPtr<BoundaryFieldType>(boundaries.size()),
+        boundaries_(boundaries)
+    {
+        for(auto i=0; i<boundaries.size(); i++)
+        {
+            this->set
+            (
+                i, 
+                BoundaryFieldType::create(boundaries_[i], boundaries_.pStruct() ,internal)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void updateBoundaries(uint32 iter, DataDirection direction)
+    {
+        if( direction == DataDirection::SlaveToMaster 
+            && slaveToMasterUpdateIter_ == iter) return;
+        
+        
+        
+        // first step
+        uint32 i=0;
+        for(auto b:*this)
+        {
+            if(i==0 ) 
+            {
+                //pOutput<<"request for update boundaries for field "<< b->name()<<endl;
+                i++;
+            }
+            b->updateBoundary(1, direction);
+        }
+
+        // second step
+        for(auto b:*this)
+        {
+            b->updateBoundary(2, direction);
+        }
+
+        if(direction == DataDirection::SlaveToMaster)
+        {
+            slaveToMasterUpdateIter_ = iter;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void fill(const T& val)
+    {
+        for(auto& bf: *this)
+        {
+            bf->fill(val);
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool slaveToMasterUpdateRequested()const
+    {
+        return slaveToMasterUpdateIter_ != static_cast<uint32>(-1);
+    }
+
+    
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/createBoundaryFields.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/createBoundaryFields.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dd1a08a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/createBoundaryFields.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __createBoundaryFields_hpp__
+#define __createBoundaryFields_hpp__
+
+#include "boundaryField/boundaryField.hpp"
+#include "exitBoundaryField/exitBoundaryField.hpp"
+#include "periodicBoundaryField/periodicBoundaryField.hpp"
+#include "reflectiveBoundaryField/reflectiveBoundaryField.hpp"
+
+#define createDerivedBoundary(DataType, MemorySpaceType)                    \
+	template class pFlow::exitBoundaryField<DataType, MemorySpaceType>;     \
+	template class pFlow::periodicBoundaryField<DataType, MemorySpaceType>; \
+	template class pFlow::reflectiveBoundaryField<DataType, MemorySpaceType>;
+
+#define createBaseBoundary(DataType, MemorySpaceType) \
+	template class pFlow::boundaryField<DataType, MemorySpaceType>;
+
+#define createBoundaryFields(DataType, MemorySpaceType) \
+	createBaseBoundary(DataType, MemorySpaceType);      \
+	createDerivedBoundary(DataType, MemorySpaceType);
+
+#endif //__createBoundaryFields_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/exitBoundaryField/exitBoundaryField.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/exitBoundaryField/exitBoundaryField.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8137bca9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/exitBoundaryField/exitBoundaryField.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+    pFlow::exitBoundaryField<T, MemorySpace>::exitBoundaryField
+(
+	const boundaryBase& boundary, 
+	const pointStructure& pStruct,
+	InternalFieldType& internal
+)
+:
+	BoundaryFieldType(boundary, pStruct, internal)
+{
+	this->addEvent(message::BNDR_DELETE);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/exitBoundaryField/exitBoundaryField.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/exitBoundaryField/exitBoundaryField.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..32ee2546
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/exitBoundaryField/exitBoundaryField.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __exitBoundaryField_hpp__
+#define __exitBoundaryField_hpp__
+
+#include "boundaryField.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+template< class T, class MemorySpace = void>
+class exitBoundaryField
+:
+    public boundaryField<T, MemorySpace> 
+{
+public:
+	
+    using ExitBoundaryFieldType = exitBoundaryField<T, MemorySpace>;
+
+	using BoundaryFieldType = boundaryField<T, MemorySpace>;
+
+	using InternalFieldType = typename BoundaryFieldType::InternalFieldType;
+
+	using memory_space 		= typename BoundaryFieldType::memory_space;
+
+	using execution_space 	= typename BoundaryFieldType::execution_space;
+
+   
+
+public:
+
+	TypeInfoTemplate211("boundaryField","exit", T, memory_space::name());
+
+	exitBoundaryField(
+		const boundaryBase& boundary, 
+		const pointStructure& pStruct,
+		InternalFieldType& internal);
+		
+
+	add_vCtor
+	(
+		BoundaryFieldType,
+		ExitBoundaryFieldType,
+		boundaryBase
+	);
+
+
+	bool hearChanges
+	(
+		real t,
+		real dt,
+		uint32 iter,
+		const message& msg, 
+    	const anyList& varList
+	) override
+    {
+		BoundaryFieldType::hearChanges(t,dt,iter, msg,varList);
+		
+		if(msg.equivalentTo(message::BNDR_DELETE))
+		{
+			// do nothing;
+		}
+		
+		return true;
+	}
+
+};
+
+}
+
+#include "exitBoundaryField.cpp"
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/generalBoundary/generalBoundary.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/generalBoundary/generalBoundary.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c8e3c2c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/generalBoundary/generalBoundary.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "generalBoundary.hpp"
+#include "pointStructure.hpp"
+
+pFlow::generalBoundary::generalBoundary
+(
+	const boundaryBase& boundary,
+	const pointStructure& pStruct,
+	const word&  dataType,
+	const word&  option
+)
+:
+	observer(&boundary, defaultMessage_),
+	boundary_(boundary),
+	pStruct_(pStruct),
+  isBoundaryMaster_(boundary.isBoundaryMaster())
+{}
+
+
+pFlow::Time const& pFlow::generalBoundary::time() const
+{
+    return pStruct_.time();
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/generalBoundary/generalBoundary.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/generalBoundary/generalBoundary.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8fef9628
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/generalBoundary/generalBoundary.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __generalBoundary_hpp__
+#define __generalBoundary_hpp__
+
+// from STL
+#include <any>
+
+// from phasicFlow
+#include "types.hpp"
+#include "observer.hpp"
+#include "boundaryBase.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+//- forward 
+class pointStructure; 
+class Time;
+
+class generalBoundary
+:
+    public observer 
+{
+private:
+
+    const boundaryBase&     boundary_;
+
+    const pointStructure&   pStruct_;
+
+    const bool              isBoundaryMaster_;
+
+	static inline
+	const message defaultMessage_{message::BNDR_RESET};
+
+public:
+
+	TypeInfo("generalBoundary");
+
+	generalBoundary(
+		const boundaryBase& boundary,
+        const pointStructure& pStruct,
+        const word&  dataType,
+        const word&  option);
+    
+    ~generalBoundary()override = default;
+	
+    inline
+    uint32 thisBoundaryIndex()const
+    {
+        return boundary_.thisBoundaryIndex();
+    }
+
+    inline
+    uint32 mirrorBoundaryindex()const
+    {
+        return boundary_.mirrorBoundaryIndex();
+    }
+
+	inline
+	auto size()const
+	{
+		return boundary_.size();
+	}
+
+    inline
+	auto capacity()const
+	{
+		return boundary_.capacity();
+	}
+
+    inline 
+    auto neighborProcSize()const
+    {
+        return boundary_.neighborProcSize();
+    }
+
+    inline 
+    int neighborProcessorNo()const
+    {
+        return boundary_.neighborProcessorNo();
+    }
+
+    inline
+    int thisProcessorNo()const
+    {
+        return boundary_.thisProcessorNo();
+    }
+
+    inline 
+    const auto& boundary()const
+    {
+        return boundary_;
+    }
+
+    inline
+    const auto& indexList()const
+	{
+		return boundary_.indexList();
+	}
+
+    inline
+    const auto& mirrorBoundary()const
+    {
+        return boundary_.mirrorBoundary();
+    }
+
+    inline
+    const word& boundaryName()const
+    {
+        return boundary_.name();
+    }
+
+    inline 
+    const word& type()const
+    {
+        return boundary_.type();
+    }
+
+    inline
+    const auto& pStruct()const
+    {
+        return pStruct_;
+    }
+
+    inline
+    bool isBoundaryMaster()const
+    {
+        return isBoundaryMaster_;
+    }
+
+    const Time& time()const;
+	
+};
+
+} // pFlow
+
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/periodicBoundaryField/periodicBoundaryField.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/periodicBoundaryField/periodicBoundaryField.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..28177b23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/periodicBoundaryField/periodicBoundaryField.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+    pFlow::periodicBoundaryField<T, MemorySpace>::periodicBoundaryField
+(
+	const boundaryBase& boundary, 
+	const pointStructure& pStruct,
+	InternalFieldType& internal
+)
+:
+	BoundaryFieldType(boundary, pStruct, internal)
+{
+	this->addEvent(message::BNDR_APPEND)
+		 .addEvent(message::BNDR_TRANSFER);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/periodicBoundaryField/periodicBoundaryField.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/periodicBoundaryField/periodicBoundaryField.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..712a5a07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/periodicBoundaryField/periodicBoundaryField.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __periodicBoundaryField_hpp__
+#define __periodicBoundaryField_hpp__
+
+#include "boundaryField.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+template< class T, class MemorySpace = void>
+class periodicBoundaryField
+:
+    public boundaryField<T, MemorySpace> 
+{
+public:
+	
+    using periodicBoundaryFieldType = periodicBoundaryField<T, MemorySpace>;
+
+	using BoundaryFieldType = boundaryField<T, MemorySpace>;
+
+	using InternalFieldType = typename BoundaryFieldType::InternalFieldType;
+
+	using memory_space 		= typename BoundaryFieldType::memory_space;
+
+	using execution_space 	= typename BoundaryFieldType::execution_space;
+
+   
+
+public:
+
+	TypeInfoTemplate211("boundaryField","periodic", T, memory_space::name());
+
+	periodicBoundaryField(
+		const boundaryBase& boundary, 
+		const pointStructure& pStruct,
+		InternalFieldType& internal);
+		
+
+	add_vCtor
+	(
+		BoundaryFieldType,
+		periodicBoundaryFieldType,
+		boundaryBase
+	);
+
+
+	bool hearChanges
+	(
+		real t,
+		real dt,
+		uint32 iter,
+		const message& msg, 
+    	const anyList& varList
+	) override
+    {
+		BoundaryFieldType::hearChanges(t,dt,iter, msg,varList);
+		
+		if(msg.equivalentTo(message::BNDR_APPEND))
+		{
+			// do nothing;
+		}
+		if(msg.equivalentTo(message::BNDR_TRANSFER))
+		{
+			//do nothing 
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+};
+
+}
+
+#include "periodicBoundaryField.cpp"
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/reflectiveBoundaryField/reflectiveBoundaryField.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/reflectiveBoundaryField/reflectiveBoundaryField.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..91bcc7b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/reflectiveBoundaryField/reflectiveBoundaryField.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+    pFlow::reflectiveBoundaryField<T, MemorySpace>::reflectiveBoundaryField
+(
+	const boundaryBase& boundary, 
+	const pointStructure& pStruct,
+	InternalFieldType& internal
+)
+:
+	BoundaryFieldType(boundary, pStruct, internal)
+{
+	//this->addEvent(message::BNDR_DELETE);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/reflectiveBoundaryField/reflectiveBoundaryField.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/reflectiveBoundaryField/reflectiveBoundaryField.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e79f4fe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/reflectiveBoundaryField/reflectiveBoundaryField.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __reflectiveBoundaryField_hpp__
+#define __reflectiveBoundaryField_hpp__
+
+#include "boundaryField.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+template< class T, class MemorySpace = void>
+class reflectiveBoundaryField
+:
+    public boundaryField<T, MemorySpace> 
+{
+public:
+	
+    using ReflectiveBoundaryFieldType = reflectiveBoundaryField<T, MemorySpace>;
+
+	using BoundaryFieldType = boundaryField<T, MemorySpace>;
+
+	using InternalFieldType = typename BoundaryFieldType::InternalFieldType;
+
+	using memory_space 		= typename BoundaryFieldType::memory_space;
+
+	using execution_space 	= typename BoundaryFieldType::execution_space;
+
+   
+
+public:
+
+	TypeInfoTemplate211("boundaryField","reflective", T, memory_space::name());
+
+	reflectiveBoundaryField(
+		const boundaryBase& boundary, 
+		const pointStructure& pStruct,
+		InternalFieldType& internal);
+		
+
+	add_vCtor
+	(
+		BoundaryFieldType,
+		ReflectiveBoundaryFieldType,
+		boundaryBase
+	);
+
+
+	bool hearChanges
+	(
+		real t,
+		real dt,
+		uint32 iter,
+		const message& msg, 
+    	const anyList& varList
+	) override
+    {
+		BoundaryFieldType::hearChanges(t,dt,iter, msg,varList);
+		
+		if(msg.equivalentTo(message::BNDR_DELETE))
+		{
+			// do nothing;
+		}
+		
+		return true;
+	}
+
+};
+
+}
+
+#include "reflectiveBoundaryField.cpp"
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/internalField/internalField.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/internalField/internalField.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4b7c01e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/internalField/internalField.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+bool pFlow::internalField<T, MemorySpace>::insert(const anyList& varList)
+{
+	const word eventName = message::eventName(message::ITEM_INSERT);
+
+	const auto& indices = varList.getObject<uint32IndexContainer>(
+		eventName);
+	bool success = false;
+	
+	if(varList.contains(name()))
+	{
+		// a single value is assigned
+		T val = varList.getObject<T>(name());
+		success = field_.insertSetElement(indices, val);
+		
+	}
+	else if(varList.contains(name()+"Vector"))
+	{
+		// a vector of values is going to be assigned
+		const auto& valVec = varList.getObject<Vector<T>>(name()+"Vector");
+		success = field_.insertSetElement(indices,valVec);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		success = field_.insertSetElement(indices, defaultValue_);
+	}
+
+	if(!success)
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+bool pFlow::internalField<T, MemorySpace>::rearrange(const anyList& varList)
+{
+	const word eventName = message::eventName(message::ITEM_REARRANGE);
+
+	const auto& indices = varList.getObject<uint32IndexContainer>(
+		eventName);
+	
+	field_.reserve( internalPoints_.capacity());
+	field_.resize(internalPoints_.size());
+	if(!field_.reorderItems(indices))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"cannot reorder items in field "<< name()<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+pFlow::internalField<T, MemorySpace>::internalField
+(
+	const word& name, 
+	const internalPoints& internal,
+	const T& defVal
+)
+:
+    observer
+    (
+		&internal, 
+		defaultMessage_
+    ),
+	field_
+	(
+		name,
+		"ineternalField",
+		internal.capacity(),
+		internal.size(),
+		RESERVE()
+	),
+	defaultValue_(defVal),
+	internalPoints_(internal)
+{}
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+pFlow::internalField<T, MemorySpace>::internalField
+(
+	const word &name, 
+	const internalPoints &internal, 
+	const T& defVal,
+	const T &val
+)
+:
+	observer
+    (
+		&internal, 
+		defaultMessage_
+    ),
+	field_
+	(
+		name,
+		"ineternalField",
+		internal.capacity(),
+		internal.size(),
+		RESERVE()
+	),
+	defaultValue_(defVal),
+	internalPoints_(internal)
+{
+	fillInternal(val);
+} 
+
+
+template <class T, class MemorySpace>
+typename pFlow::internalField<T, MemorySpace>::FieldTypeHost 
+	pFlow::internalField<T, MemorySpace>::activeValuesHost() const
+{
+	auto maskH = internalPoints_.activePointsMaskHost();
+    auto fieldH = field_.hostView();
+
+	FieldTypeHost aField
+	(
+		field_.name(), 
+		field_.fieldKey(),
+		maskH.numActive(),
+		maskH.numActive(),
+		RESERVE()
+	);
+
+    auto aRange = maskH.activeRange();
+
+	uint32 n = 0;
+    for(auto i=aRange.start(); i<aRange.end(); i++)
+    {
+        if( maskH.isActive(i) )
+        {
+            aField[n] = fieldH[i];
+            n++;
+        }
+    }
+    return aField;
+}
+
+template <class T, class MemorySpace>
+bool pFlow::internalField<T, MemorySpace>:: hearChanges
+(
+	real t,
+	real dt,
+	uint32 iter,
+	const message& msg, 
+	const anyList& varList
+)
+{
+	if(msg.equivalentTo(message::CAP_CHANGED))
+	{
+		auto newCap = varList.getObject<uint32>(
+			message::eventName(message::CAP_CHANGED));
+
+		field_.reserve(newCap);
+	}
+	if(msg.equivalentTo(message::SIZE_CHANGED))
+	{
+		auto newSize = varList.getObject<uint32>(
+			message::eventName(message::SIZE_CHANGED));
+		field_.resize(newSize);
+	}
+	if(msg.equivalentTo(message::ITEM_DELETE))
+	{
+		// do nothing
+	}
+	if(msg.equivalentTo(message::ITEM_INSERT))
+	{
+		return insert(varList);
+	}
+	if(msg.equivalentTo(message::ITEM_REARRANGE))
+	{
+		return rearrange(varList);
+
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+bool pFlow::internalField<T, MemorySpace>::write
+(
+	iOstream& os, 
+	const IOPattern& iop
+)const
+{
+	auto aField = activeValuesHost();
+	return aField.write(os, iop);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/internalField/internalField.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/internalField/internalField.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b6df04b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/internalField/internalField.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __internalField_hpp__
+#define __internalField_hpp__
+
+#include "internalPoints.hpp"
+#include "Field.hpp"
+#include "observer.hpp"
+#include "dataIO.hpp"
+#include "anyList.hpp"
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace=void>
+class internalField
+:
+    public observer
+{
+
+public:
+	
+	using InternalFieldType = internalField<T, MemorySpace>;
+
+	using FieldType         = Field<T, MemorySpace>;
+
+	using FieldTypeHost 	= Field<T, HostSpace>;
+  	
+	using VectorType  		= typename FieldType::VectorType;
+
+	using memory_space 		= typename FieldType::memory_space;
+
+	using execution_space 	= typename FieldType::execution_space;
+
+protected:
+
+	/// Field
+    FieldType           	field_;
+
+	/// @brief value when a new item is added to field
+	T 						defaultValue_;
+
+	/// const ref to internal points 
+    const internalPoints&   internalPoints_;
+
+	static inline
+	const message defaultMessage_ = 
+	(
+		message::CAP_CHANGED+
+		message::SIZE_CHANGED+
+		message::ITEM_INSERT+
+		message::ITEM_REARRANGE+
+		message::ITEM_DELETE
+	);
+
+	bool insert(const anyList& varList);
+
+	bool rearrange(const anyList& varList);
+
+public:
+
+	internalField(
+		const word& name, 
+		const internalPoints& internal,
+		const T& defVal);
+	
+	internalField(
+		const word& name, 
+		const internalPoints& internal,
+		const T& defVal,
+		const T& val);
+	
+	inline 
+	const auto& deviceViewAll()const
+	{
+		return field_.deviceViewAll();
+	}
+	inline
+	auto deviceView()const
+	{
+		return field_.deviceView();
+	}
+
+	inline
+	auto hostView()const
+	{
+		return field_.hostView();
+	}
+
+	inline
+	const FieldType& field()const
+	{
+		return field_;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	FieldType& field()
+	{
+		return field_;
+	}
+
+	const pFlagTypeDevice& activePointsMaskDevice()const
+	{
+		return internalPoints_.activePointsMaskDevice();
+	}
+	
+	const pFlagTypeHost& activePointsMaskHost()const
+	{
+		return internalPoints_.activePointsMaskHost();
+	}
+
+	FieldTypeHost activeValuesHost()const;
+
+	inline
+	auto size()const
+	{
+		return field_.size();
+	}
+
+	inline
+	auto capacity()const
+	{
+		return field_.capacity();
+	}
+
+	inline 
+	word name()const
+	{
+		return field_.name();
+	}
+
+	inline 
+	word fieldKey()const
+	{
+		return field_.fieldKey();
+	}
+
+	inline
+	const T& defaultValue()const
+	{
+		return defaultValue_;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	rangeU32 activeRange()const
+	{
+		return internalPoints_.activeRange();
+	}
+
+	inline
+	auto isAllActive()const
+	{
+		return internalPoints_.isAllActive();
+	}
+
+	inline 
+	void fillInternal(const T& val)
+	{
+		field_.fillField(activeRange(), val);
+	}
+
+	inline 
+	bool insertSetElement(uint32IndexContainer indices, const T& val)
+	{
+		return field_.insertSetElement(indices, val);
+	}
+
+	inline const Time& time()const
+	{
+		return internalPoints_.time();
+	}
+
+	bool hearChanges
+	(
+		real t,
+		real dt,
+		uint32 iter,
+		const message& msg, 
+		const anyList& varList
+	) override;
+	
+
+	//// - IO
+
+	bool write(iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop)const;
+
+};
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+inline
+iOstream& operator<<
+(
+	iOstream& os, 
+	const internalField<T,  MemorySpace>& ifeild
+)
+{
+	if( !ifeild.write(os, IOPattern::AllProcessorsDifferent) )
+	{
+		ioErrorInFile(os.name(), os.lineNumber());
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+	return os;
+}
+
+} // pFlow
+
+#include "internalField.cpp"
+#include "internalFieldAlgorithms.hpp"
+
+#endif // __internalField_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/internalField/internalFieldAlgorithms.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/internalField/internalFieldAlgorithms.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cb098ce3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/internalField/internalFieldAlgorithms.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __internalFieldAlgorithms_hpp__
+#define __internalFieldAlgorithms_hpp__
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+inline 
+T min(const internalField<T,MemorySpace>& iField)
+{   
+    using exeSpace = typename internalField<T,MemorySpace>::execution_space;
+
+    using policy = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
+			exeSpace,
+			Kokkos::IndexType<uint32> >;
+
+    if constexpr(isDeviceAccessible<exeSpace>())
+    {
+        // this is a device view 
+        auto maskD = iField.activePointsMaskDevice();
+        auto aRange = maskD.activeRange();
+        auto filed = iField.field().deviceViewAll();
+
+        T minElement;
+        
+        Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
+		"min(internalField)",
+		policy(aRange.start(), aRange.end() ),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i, T& minUpdate)
+        {
+			if( maskD(i) )
+                if(filed[i] < minUpdate) minUpdate = filed[i];
+		},
+		Kokkos::Min<T>(minElement));
+	    return minElement;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // this is a host view 
+        auto maskH = iField.activePointsMaskHost();
+        auto aRange = maskH.activeRange();
+        auto filed = iField.field().deviceViewAll();
+        T minElement;
+        Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
+            "min(internalField)",
+            policy(aRange.start(), aRange.end()),
+            LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i, T& minUpdate)
+            {
+                if( maskH(i) )
+                    if(filed[i] < minUpdate) minUpdate = filed[i];
+            },
+            Kokkos::Min<T>(minElement));
+
+	    return minElement;
+    }
+}
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+inline 
+T max(const internalField<T,MemorySpace>& iField)
+{   
+    using exeSpace = typename internalField<T,MemorySpace>::execution_space;
+
+    using policy = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
+			exeSpace,
+			Kokkos::IndexType<uint32> >;
+
+    if constexpr(isDeviceAccessible<exeSpace>())
+    {
+        // this is a device view 
+        auto maskD = iField.activePointsMaskDevice();
+        auto aRange = maskD.activeRange();
+        auto filed = iField.field().deviceViewAll();
+
+        T maxElement;
+        
+        Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
+		"max(internalField)",
+		policy(aRange.start(), aRange.end() ),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i, T& maxUpdate)
+        {
+			if( maskD(i) )
+                if( maxUpdate <filed[i]) maxUpdate = filed[i];
+		},
+		Kokkos::Max<T>(maxElement));
+	    return maxElement;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // this is a host view 
+        auto maskH = iField.activePointsMaskHost();
+        auto aRange = maskH.activeRange();
+        auto filed = iField.field().deviceViewAll();
+
+        T maxElement;
+        
+        Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
+		"max(internalField)",
+		policy(aRange.start(), aRange.end() ),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i, T& maxUpdate)
+        {
+			if( maskH(i) )
+                if( maxUpdate <filed[i]) maxUpdate = filed[i];
+		},
+		Kokkos::Max<T>(maxElement));
+	    return maxElement;
+    }
+}
+
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+inline 
+Pair<T,T> minMax(const internalField<T,MemorySpace>& iField)
+{   
+    using exeSpace = typename internalField<T,MemorySpace>::execution_space;
+
+    using policy = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
+			exeSpace,
+			Kokkos::IndexType<uint32> >;
+
+    if constexpr(isDeviceAccessible<exeSpace>())
+    {
+        // this is a device view 
+        auto maskD = iField.activePointsMaskDevice();
+        auto aRange = maskD.activeRange();
+        auto filed = iField.field().deviceViewAll();
+
+        T minElement;
+        T maxElement;
+        
+        Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
+		"minMax(internalField)",
+		policy(aRange.start(), aRange.end() ),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i, T& minUpdate, T& maxUpdate)
+        {
+			if( maskD(i) )
+            {
+                if(maxUpdate < filed[i]) maxUpdate = filed[i];
+                if(filed[i] < minUpdate) minUpdate = filed[i];
+            }
+                
+		},
+		Kokkos::Min<T>(minElement),
+        Kokkos::Max<T>(maxElement)
+        );
+	    return {minElement, maxElement};
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // this is a host view 
+        auto maskH = iField.activePointsMaskHost();
+        auto aRange = maskH.activeRange();
+        auto filed = iField.field().deviceViewAll();
+
+        T minElement;
+        T maxElement;
+        
+        Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
+		"minMax(internalField)",
+		policy(aRange.start(), aRange.end() ),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i, T& minUpdate, T& maxUpdate)
+        {
+			if( maskH(i) )
+            {
+                if(maxUpdate < filed[i]) maxUpdate = filed[i];
+                if(filed[i] < minUpdate) minUpdate = filed[i];
+            }
+                
+		},
+		Kokkos::Min<T>(minElement),
+        Kokkos::Max<T>(maxElement)
+        );
+	    return {minElement, maxElement};
+    }
+}
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+inline 
+void fillSequence(internalField<T,MemorySpace>& iField, const T& startVal)
+{
+    using exeSpace = typename internalField<T,MemorySpace>::execution_space;
+
+    using policy = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
+			exeSpace,
+			Kokkos::IndexType<uint32> >;
+
+    if constexpr(isDeviceAccessible<exeSpace>())
+    {               
+        auto maskD = iField.activePointsMaskDevice();
+        auto aRange = maskD.activeRange();
+        auto field = iField.field().deviceViewAll();
+        auto aPoints = maskD.getActivePoints();
+        exclusiveScan(aPoints,0, aRange.end(), aPoints,0);
+        
+        Kokkos::parallel_for(
+            "internalField::fillSequence",
+            policy(aRange.start(), aRange.end() ),
+            LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i)
+            {
+                if(maskD(i))
+                {
+                    field[i] = aPoints[i]+startVal;
+                }
+            });
+        Kokkos::fence();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // this is a host view 
+        auto maskH = iField.activePointsMaskHost();
+        auto aRange = maskH.activeRange();
+        auto field = iField.field().deviceViewAll();
+        auto aPoints = maskH.getActivePoints();
+        exclusiveScan(aPoints,0, aRange.end(), aPoints,0);
+        
+        Kokkos::parallel_for(
+            "internalField::fillSequence",
+            policy(aRange.start(), aRange.end() ),
+            LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i)
+            {
+                if(maskH(i))
+                {
+                    field[i] = aPoints[i]+startVal;
+                }
+            });
+        Kokkos::fence();
+    }
+}
+
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointField.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointField.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index bc0a62e0..00000000
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointField.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
-template<template<class, class> class VectorField, class T, class MemorySpace>
-bool pFlow::pointField<VectorField, T, MemorySpace>::readPointField
-(
-	iIstream& is
-)
-{
-	
-	return FieldType::readField(is, pStruct_.size(), false);
-}
-
-template<template<class, class> class VectorField, class T, class MemorySpace>
-bool pFlow::pointField<VectorField, T, MemorySpace>::writePointField
-(
-	iOstream& os
-)const
-{
-	return FieldType::write(os);
-}
-
-
-
-template<template<class, class> class VectorField, class T, class MemorySpace>
-pFlow::pointField<VectorField, T, MemorySpace>::pointField
-(
-	const pointStructure& pStruct,
-	const T& defVal,
-	bool subscribe
-)
-:
-	eventObserver(pStruct, subscribe),
-	FieldType(pStruct.capacity(), pStruct.size(), RESERVE()),
-	pStruct_(pStruct),
-	defaultValue_(defVal)
-{
-	// set value 
-	this->fill(defVal);
-}
-
-template<template<class, class> class VectorField, class T, class MemorySpace>
-pFlow::pointField<VectorField, T, MemorySpace>::pointField
-(
-	const pointStructure& pStruct,
-	const T& val,
-	const T& defVal,
-	bool subscribe
-)
-:
-	eventObserver(pStruct, subscribe),
-	FieldType(pStruct.capacity(), pStruct.size(), RESERVE()),
-	pStruct_(pStruct),
-	defaultValue_(defVal)
-{
-	this->fill(val);
-}
-
-template<template<class, class> class VectorField, class T, class MemorySpace>
-pFlow::pointField<VectorField, T, MemorySpace>::pointField
-(
-	const pointField& src,
-	bool subscribe
-)
-:
-	eventObserver(src.pStruct(), subscribe),
-	FieldType(src),
-	pStruct_(src.pStruct()),
-	defaultValue_(src.defaultValue_)
-{}
-
-template<template<class, class> class VectorField, class T, class MemorySpace>
-pFlow::pointField<VectorField, T, MemorySpace>::pointField(const pointField& src)
-:
-	pointField<VectorField, T, MemorySpace>(src, src.subscribed())
-{}
-
-
-template<template<class, class> class VectorField, class T, class MemorySpace>
-pFlow::pointField<VectorField, T, MemorySpace>& pFlow::pointField<VectorField, T, MemorySpace>::operator = 
-(
-	const pointField& rhs
-)
-{
-	if(this == &rhs) return *this;
-	
-	this->VectorField() = rhs.VectorField();
-	return *this;
-}
-
-
-template<template<class, class> class VectorField, class T, class MemorySpace>
-bool pFlow::pointField<VectorField, T, MemorySpace>::update(const eventMessage& msg)
-{
- 
-	if( msg.isDeleted() )
-	{
-		/*const auto& dp = pStruct_.markedDeletePoints();
-		return this->deleteElement(dp);
-		notImplementedFunction;*/
-	}
-	else if( msg.isInsert())
-	{
-		const auto newElems = pStruct().insertedPointIndex();
-		//Vector<T> vals( newElems.size(), defaultValue_);
-		return this->insertSetElement(newElems, defaultValue_);
-	}
-
-	if(msg.isRearranged())
-	{
-		auto sortedIndex = pStruct().mortonSortedIndex();
-		this->sortItems(sortedIndex);
-		return true;
-	}
-	
-	return true;
-}
-
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointField/pointField copy.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointField/pointField copy.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..791b5b32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointField/pointField copy.hpp	
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __internalField_hpp__
+#define __internalField_hpp__
+
+#include "pointStructure.hpp"
+#include "Field.hpp"
+#include "observer.hpp"
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+template<template<class, class> class VectorField, class T, class MemorySpace=void>
+class internalField
+:
+	public observer,
+	public Field<VectorField, T, MemorySpace>
+{
+public:
+	
+	using pointFieldType 	= pointField<VectorField, T, MemorySpace>;
+	
+	using FieldType         = Field<VectorField, T, MemorySpace>;
+
+    using boundaryFieldListType = boundaryFieldList<VectorField, T, MemorySpace>;
+  	
+  	using VectorType  		= typename FieldType::VectorType;
+
+	using iterator        	= typename FieldType::iterator;
+
+  	using const_iterator   	= typename FieldType::const_iterator;
+
+	using reference       	= typename FieldType::reference;
+  	
+  	using const_reference  	= typename FieldType::const_reference;
+
+	using value_type       	= typename FieldType::value_type;
+  	
+  	using pointer         	= typename FieldType::pointer;
+  	
+  	using const_pointer    	= typename FieldType::const_pointer;
+
+protected:
+
+    //// - data members 
+
+        /// @brief list of boundaries
+        boundaryFieldListType       boundaryFieldList_;
+        
+		/// @brief  refrence to point structure 
+		const pointStructure&       pStruct_;
+
+		/// @brief value when a new item is added to field
+		T 	defaultValue_;
+
+
+public:
+ 
+	// - type info
+	TypeInfoTemplateNV2("pointField", T, VectorType::memoerySpaceName());
+
+	
+	//// - Constructors
+
+		// - construct a field from pointStructure and set defaultValue_ and field value to defVal
+		pointField(
+			const objectFile& objf, 
+            pointStructure& pStruct, 
+            const T& defVal);
+
+		// - construct from iIOEntity, pointStructure and a value
+		/*pointField( const pointStructure& pStruct, const T& val, const T& defVal, bool subscribe = true);
+
+		// - construct from another pointField
+		//   subscribe to events if true
+		pointField( const pointField& src, bool subscribe);
+
+
+		// - copy construct 
+		pointField(const pointField& src);
+
+		// - no move construct
+		pointField(pointField&& src) = delete;
+
+
+		// assignment, only assign the VectorField and preserve other parts of this 
+		pointField& operator = (const pointField& rhs);
+
+		// no move assignment 
+		pointField& operator = (pointField&&) = delete;		
+
+
+		inline uniquePtr<pointFieldType> clone() const
+		{
+			return makeUnique<pointFieldType>(*this);
+		}
+
+		inline pointFieldType* clonePtr()const
+		{
+			return new pointFieldType(*this);
+		}
+
+	//// - Methods
+
+		// - reference to pointStructure
+		inline const pointStructure& pStruct()const {
+			return pStruct_;
+		}
+
+		// if all points are active 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		bool allActive()const {	
+			return pStruct_.allActive();
+		}
+		
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		bool isActive(label i)const {
+			return pStruct_.isActive(i);
+		}
+
+		const auto& pointFlag()const
+		{
+			return pStruct_.pointFlag();
+		}
+
+		range activeRange()const
+		{
+			return pStruct_.activeRange();
+		}
+
+		// - update the field if any changes occure in pStruct 
+		//   for now it checks for deleted points
+		bool update(const eventMessage& msg);
+
+
+	//// -  IO operations
+		bool readPointField(iIstream& is);
+
+		bool writePointField(iOstream& os)const;
+
+
+		bool read(iIstream& is)
+		{
+			return readPointField(is);
+		}
+
+		bool write(iOstream& os)const
+		{
+			return writePointField(os);
+		}*/
+};
+
+/*template<template<class, class> class VectorField, class T, class MemorySpace>
+iIstream& operator >> (iIstream & is, pointField<VectorField, T, MemorySpace> & pF )
+{
+	if( !pF.read(is))
+	{
+		ioErrorInFile( is.name(), is.lineNumber() ) <<
+		"error in reading pointField from file. \n";
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+	return is;
+}
+
+template<template<class, class> class VectorField, class T, class MemorySpace>
+iOstream& operator << (iOstream& os, const pointField<VectorField, T, MemorySpace>& pF )
+{
+	if(! pF.write(os) )
+	{
+		ioErrorInFile( os.name(), os.lineNumber() )<<
+		"error in writing pointField into file. \n";
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+	return os;
+}*/
+
+}
+
+#include "pointField.cpp"
+//#include "pointFieldAlgorithms.hpp"
+
+#endif //  __pointField_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointField/pointField.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointField/pointField.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5e969445
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointField/pointField.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+pFlow::pointField<T, MemorySpace>::pointField
+(
+    const objectFile& objf, 
+	pointStructure& pStruct, 
+	const T& defVal
+)
+:
+	IOobject
+	(
+		objf,
+		pStruct.ioPattern(),
+		pStruct.owner()
+	),
+	InternalFieldType
+	(
+		objf.name(),
+		pStruct,
+        defVal
+	),
+	boundaryFieldList_(pStruct.boundaries(), *this),
+	pStruct_(pStruct)
+{
+    
+    if(IOobject::implyRead())
+    {
+        REPORT(1)<< "Reading field "<< Green_Text(IOobject::name())<<
+        " from "<<IOobject::path()<<END_REPORT;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        REPORT(1)<< "Creating field "<< Green_Text(IOobject::name())<<END_REPORT;
+    }
+    if( !IOobject::readObject() )
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<<
+        "Error in reading from file "<<IOobject::path()<<endl;
+        fatalExit;
+    }    
+
+}
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+pFlow::pointField<T, MemorySpace>::pointField
+(
+    const objectFile& objf,
+    repository* owner,
+    pointStructure& pStruct,
+    const T& defVal
+)
+:
+	IOobject
+	(
+		objf,
+		pStruct.ioPattern(),
+		owner
+	),
+	InternalFieldType
+	(
+		objf.name(),
+		pStruct,
+        defVal
+	),
+	boundaryFieldList_(pStruct.boundaries(), *this),
+	pStruct_(pStruct)
+{
+    if(IOobject::implyRead())
+    {
+        REPORT(1)<< "Reading field "<< Green_Text(IOobject::name())<<
+        " from "<<IOobject::path()<<END_REPORT;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        REPORT(1)<< "Creating field "<< Green_Text(IOobject::name())<<END_REPORT;
+    }
+    if( !IOobject::readObject() )
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<<
+        "Error in reading from file "<<IOobject::path()<<endl;
+        fatalExit;
+    }
+}
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+pFlow::pointField<T, MemorySpace>::pointField
+(
+	const objectFile &objf, 
+	pointStructure &pStruct, 
+	const T& defVal,
+	const T& val
+)
+:
+	IOobject
+	(
+		objectFile
+		(
+			objf.name(),
+			objf.localPath(),
+			objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+			objf.wFlag()
+		),
+		pStruct.ioPattern(),
+		pStruct.owner()
+	),
+	InternalFieldType
+	(
+		objf.name(),
+		pStruct,
+        defVal,
+		val
+	),
+	boundaryFieldList_(pStruct.boundaries(), *this),
+	pStruct_(pStruct)
+{
+
+}
+
+
+ /*
+
+
+
+ template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+ pFlow::pointField<T, MemorySpace>::pointField
+ (
+     const pointStructure& pStruct,
+     const T& defVal,
+     bool subscribe
+ )
+ :
+     eventObserver(pStruct, subscribe),
+     FieldType(pStruct.capacity(), pStruct.size(), RESERVE()),
+     pStruct_(pStruct),
+     defaultValue_(defVal)
+ {
+     // set value
+     this->fill(defVal);
+ }
+
+ template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+ pFlow::pointField<T, MemorySpace>::pointField
+ (
+     const pointStructure& pStruct,
+     const T& val,
+     const T& defVal,
+     bool subscribe
+ )
+ :
+     eventObserver(pStruct, subscribe),
+     FieldType(pStruct.capacity(), pStruct.size(), RESERVE()),
+     pStruct_(pStruct),
+     defaultValue_(defVal)
+ {
+     this->fill(val);
+ }
+
+ template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+ pFlow::pointField<T, MemorySpace>::pointField
+ (
+     const pointField& src,
+     bool subscribe
+ )
+ :
+     eventObserver(src.pStruct(), subscribe),
+     FieldType(src),
+     pStruct_(src.pStruct()),
+     defaultValue_(src.defaultValue_)
+ {}
+
+ template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+ pFlow::pointField<T, MemorySpace>::pointField(const pointField& src)
+ :
+     pointField<T, MemorySpace>(src, src.subscribed())
+ {}
+
+
+ template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+ pFlow::pointField<T, MemorySpace>& pFlow::pointField<T, MemorySpace>::operator =
+ (
+     const pointField& rhs
+ )
+ {
+     if(this == &rhs) return *this;
+
+     this->VectorField() = rhs.VectorField();
+     return *this;
+ }
+
+
+ template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+ bool pFlow::pointField<T, MemorySpace>::update(const eventMessage& msg)
+ {
+
+     if( msg.isDeleted() )
+     {
+
+     }
+     else if( msg.isInsert())
+     {
+         const auto newElems = pStruct().insertedPointIndex();
+         //Vector<T> vals( newElems.size(), defaultValue_);
+         return this->insertSetElement(newElems, defaultValue_);
+     }
+
+     if(msg.isRearranged())
+     {
+         auto sortedIndex = pStruct().mortonSortedIndex();
+         this->sortItems(sortedIndex);
+         return true;
+     }
+
+     return true;
+ }*/
+
+template <class T, class MemorySpace>
+bool pFlow::pointField<T, MemorySpace>::readPointField
+(
+    iIstream &is,
+    const IOPattern &iop
+)
+{
+	typename InternalFieldType::FieldTypeHost fRead
+    (
+        InternalFieldType::name(),
+        InternalFieldType::fieldKey()
+    );
+    
+	if( !fRead.read(is, iop))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"Error in reading pointPosition from stream "<< is.name()<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	auto thisN = pStruct_.simDomain().initialNumberInThis();
+
+	typename InternalFieldType::FieldTypeHost internal
+    (
+        InternalFieldType::name(),
+        InternalFieldType::fieldKey(),
+        thisN, 
+        thisN, 
+        RESERVE()
+    );
+
+	auto pSpan  = fRead.getSpan(); 
+    auto iSpan  = internal.getSpan();
+    
+    if(!pStruct_.simDomain().initialTransferBlockData(pSpan, iSpan))
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<<
+        "Error in transfering the block data for field "<<
+		InternalFieldType::name()<<endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+	this->field_.assignFromHost(internal);
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+bool pFlow::pointField<T, MemorySpace>::writePointField
+(
+	iOstream& os,
+	const IOPattern& iop
+)const
+{
+    return InternalFieldType::write(os, iop);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointField/pointField.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointField/pointField.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..345dfdcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointField/pointField.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __pointField_hpp__
+#define __pointField_hpp__
+
+
+#include "pointStructure.hpp"
+#include "internalField.hpp"
+#include "boundaryFieldList.hpp"
+#include "Time.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace=void>
+class pointField
+:
+	public IOobject,
+	public internalField<T, MemorySpace>
+{
+public:
+	
+	using PointFieldType 	= pointField<T, MemorySpace>;
+
+	using InternalFieldType = internalField<T, MemorySpace>;
+
+	using boundaryFieldListType = boundaryFieldList<T, MemorySpace>;
+
+	using FieldType 		= typename InternalFieldType::FieldType;
+
+	using VectorType  		= typename InternalFieldType::VectorType;
+
+	using memory_space 		= typename InternalFieldType::memory_space;
+
+	using execution_space 	= typename InternalFieldType::execution_space;
+
+private:
+
+    //// - data members 
+
+        /// @brief list of boundaries
+        boundaryFieldListType       boundaryFieldList_;
+        
+		/// @brief  refrence to point structure 
+		const pointStructure&       pStruct_;
+
+
+public:
+	
+	
+	// - type info
+	TypeInfoTemplate111("pointField", T, VectorType::memoerySpaceName());
+
+	
+	//// - Constructors
+
+		// - construct a field from pointStructure and set defaultValue_ and field value to defVal
+		pointField(
+			const objectFile& objf, 
+            pointStructure& pStruct, 
+            const T& defVal);
+		
+		pointField(
+			const objectFile& objf,
+			repository* owner,
+			pointStructure& pStruct,
+			const T& defVal);
+		
+		pointField(
+			const objectFile& objf,
+			pointStructure& pStruct,
+			const T& defVal,
+			const T& val);
+		
+		
+
+	//// - Methods
+
+		const word& name() const final
+		{
+			return  IOobject::name();
+		}
+	
+		const auto& internal()const
+		{
+			return static_cast<const InternalFieldType&>(*this);
+		}
+
+		void updateBoundaries(DataDirection direction)const
+		{
+			uint32 iter =  this->time().currentIter();
+			auto& bList = const_cast<boundaryFieldListType&>(boundaryFieldList_);
+			bList.updateBoundaries(iter, direction);
+		}
+
+		/// @brief update boundaries if it is requested previousely (slave to master). 
+		/// It only checks for SlaveToMaster direction.
+		void updateBoundariesSlaveToMasterIfRequested()
+		{
+			if(boundaryFieldList_.slaveToMasterUpdateRequested())
+			{
+				updateBoundaries(DataDirection::SlaveToMaster);
+			}
+		}
+
+		const auto& boundaryFields()const
+		{
+			return boundaryFieldList_;
+		}
+
+		const auto& BoundaryField(uint32 i)const
+		{
+			return boundaryFieldList_[i];
+		}
+
+		// - reference to pointStructure
+		inline const pointStructure& pStruct()const {
+			return pStruct_;
+		}
+
+		void fill(const T& val)
+		{
+			InternalFieldType::fillInternal(val);
+			boundaryFieldList_.fill(val);
+		}
+
+	//// -  IO operations
+		bool readPointField(iIstream& is, const IOPattern& iop);
+
+		bool writePointField(iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop)const;
+
+
+		bool read(iIstream& is, const IOPattern& iop)override
+		{
+			return readPointField(is, iop);
+		}
+
+		bool write(iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop)const override
+		{
+			return writePointField(os, iop);
+		}
+};
+
+/*template<template<class, class> class VectorField, class T, class MemorySpace>
+iIstream& operator >> (iIstream & is, pointField<VectorField, T, MemorySpace> & pF )
+{
+	if( !pF.read(is))
+	{
+		ioErrorInFile( is.name(), is.lineNumber() ) <<
+		"error in reading pointField from file. \n";
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+	return is;
+}*/
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+iOstream& operator << (iOstream& os, const pointField<T, MemorySpace>& pF )
+{
+	if(! pF.write(os, IOPattern::AllProcessorsDifferent) )
+	{
+		ioErrorInFile( os.name(), os.lineNumber() )<<
+		"error in writing pointField into file. \n";
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+	return os;
+}
+
+}
+
+#include "pointField.cpp"
+//#include "pointFieldAlgorithms.hpp"
+
+#endif //  __pointField_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointFieldAlgorithms.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointField/pointFieldAlgorithms.hpp
similarity index 93%
rename from src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointFieldAlgorithms.hpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointField/pointFieldAlgorithms.hpp
index 022e35f1..061025aa 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointFieldAlgorithms.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointField/pointFieldAlgorithms.hpp
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ Licence:
   phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 
@@ -109,15 +108,15 @@ T maxActive(const pointField<VectorSingle, T, MemorySpace>& pField)
 	{
 		if(len < sizeToSerial__ ) // serial execution instead of lunching parallel execution 
 			return maxActive_serial(
-				pField.deviceVectorAll(),
-				pField.pointFlag().hostVectorAll(),
+				pField.deviceViewAll(),
+				pField.pointFlag().hostViewAll(),
 				static_cast<size_t>(0),
 				len
 				);
 		else
 			return maxActiveH(
-				pField.deviceVectorAll(),
-				pField.pointFlag().hostVectorAll(),
+				pField.deviceViewAll(),
+				pField.pointFlag().hostViewAll(),
 				static_cast<size_t>(0),
 				len
 				);
@@ -125,8 +124,8 @@ T maxActive(const pointField<VectorSingle, T, MemorySpace>& pField)
 	else
 	{
 		return maxActiveD(
-			pField.deviceVectorAll(),
-			pField.pointFlag().deviceVectorAll(),
+			pField.deviceViewAll(),
+			pField.pointFlag().deviceViewAll(),
 			static_cast<size_t>(0),
 			len
 			);
@@ -148,23 +147,23 @@ T maxActive(const pointField<VectorDual, T, MemorySpace>& pField)
 	{
 		if( len < sizeToSerial__)
 			return maxActive_serial(
-				pField.hostVectorAll(),
-				pField.pointFlag().hostVectorAll(),
+				pField.hostViewAll(),
+				pField.pointFlag().hostViewAll(),
 				static_cast<size_t>(0),
 				len
 				);
 		else
 			return maxActiveH(
-				pField.hostVectorAll(),
-				pField.pointFlag().hostVectorAll(),
+				pField.hostViewAll(),
+				pField.pointFlag().hostViewAll(),
 				static_cast<size_t>(0),
 				len
 				);
 	}else
 	{
 		return maxActiveD(
-				pField.deviceVectorAll(),
-				pField.pointFlag().deviceVectorAll(),
+				pField.deviceViewAll(),
+				pField.pointFlag().deviceViewAll(),
 				static_cast<size_t>(0),
 				len
 				);
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointField.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointField/pointField_old.hpp
similarity index 100%
rename from src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointField.hpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointField/pointField_old.hpp
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointField/pointFields.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointField/pointFields.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..032f6b2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointField/pointFields.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "pointFields.hpp"
+#include "createBoundaryFields.hpp"
+
+
+#define createPointFields(DataType) 							\
+  template class pFlow::pointField<DataType, pFlow::HostSpace>; \
+  createBoundaryFields(DataType, pFlow::HostSpace); 			\
+              													\
+  template class pFlow::pointField<DataType>;   				\
+  createBoundaryFields(DataType, void);
+
+// uint8
+createPointFields(pFlow::uint8);
+
+/// uint32
+createPointFields(pFlow::uint32);
+
+/// uint64
+createPointFields(pFlow::uint64);
+
+/// real 
+createPointFields(pFlow::real);
+
+/// realx3
+createPointFields(pFlow::realx3);
+
+
+/// realx4
+createPointFields(pFlow::realx4);
+
+
+/// word, only on host
+template class pFlow::pointField<pFlow::word, pFlow::HostSpace>; 
+createBoundaryFields(pFlow::word, pFlow::HostSpace);
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/bitTransfer.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointField/pointFields.hpp
similarity index 54%
rename from src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/bitTransfer.hpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointField/pointFields.hpp
index 720a2eb3..3b1e41fc 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/bitTransfer.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointField/pointFields.hpp
@@ -19,51 +19,43 @@ Licence:
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 
-#ifndef __bitTransfer_hpp__
-#define __bitTransfer_hpp__
-
+#ifndef __pointFields_hpp__
+#define __pointFields_hpp__
 
+#include "VectorSingle.hpp"
+#include "pointField.hpp"
 #include "types.hpp"
-#include "Vectors.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-// a simple functor that transfers 3 integers into a long variable and 
-// transfer the long to 3 integers
+template<typename T>
+  using pointField_H = pointField<T, HostSpace>;
 
-class bitTransfer
-{
-protected:
+template<typename T>
+  using pointField_D = pointField<T>;
 
-	static const int numBits_ = 21;
-	static const int numBits2_ = 2 * numBits_;
-	static const unsigned long mask1_ = 0x000000000001FFFFF;
-	static const unsigned long mask2_ = 0x0000003FFFFE00000;
-	static const unsigned long mask3_ = 0x07FFFFC0000000000;
 
-public:
 
-	bitTransfer(){}
+using uint8PointField_D 		= pointField_D<uint8>;
+using uint8PointField_H 		= pointField_H<uint8>;
 
-	inline unsigned long operator()(const unit3& int3 )
-	{
-		return 
-			static_cast<long>(int3.x()) |
-			static_cast<long>(int3.y()) << numBits_ |
-			static_cast<long>(int3.z()) << numBits2_;
-	}
+using uint32PointField_D 		= pointField_D<uint32>;
+using uint32PointField_H 		= pointField_H<uint32>;
 
-	inline unit3 operator() (const unsigned long& ul )
-	{
-		return unit3
-			(
-				 ul & mask1_,
-				(ul & mask2_)>> numBits_,
-				(ul & mask3_)>> numBits2_
-			);
-	}
-};
+using uint64PointField_D 		= pointField_D<uint64>;
+using uint64PointField_H 		= pointField_H<uint64>;
+
+using realPointField_D 		= pointField_D<real>;
+using realPointField_H 		= pointField_H<real>;
+
+using realx3PointField_D 		= pointField_D<realx3>;
+using realx3PointField_H 		= pointField_H<realx3>;
+
+using realx4PointField_D 		= pointField_D<realx4>;
+using realx4PointField_H 		= pointField_H<realx4>;
+
+using wordPointField_H      = pointField_H<word>;
 
 }
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointFields.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointFields.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index da0084b7..00000000
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointFields.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
-#include "pointFields.hpp"
-
-
-template class pFlow::pointField<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::int8>; 
-
-template class pFlow::pointField<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::int8, pFlow::HostSpace>; 
-
-template class pFlow::pointField<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::int16>; 
-
-template class pFlow::pointField<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::int16, pFlow::HostSpace>; 
-
-template class pFlow::pointField<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::int32>; 
-
-template class pFlow::pointField<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::int32, pFlow::HostSpace>; 
-
-template class pFlow::pointField<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::int64>; 
-
-template class pFlow::pointField<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::int64, pFlow::HostSpace>; 
-
-template class pFlow::pointField<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::uint32>; 
-
-template class pFlow::pointField<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::uint32, pFlow::HostSpace>;
-
-template class pFlow::pointField<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::label>; 
-
-template class pFlow::pointField<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::label, pFlow::HostSpace>;
-
-template class pFlow::pointField<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::real>; 
-
-template class pFlow::pointField<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::real, pFlow::HostSpace>;
-
-template class pFlow::pointField<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::realx3>; 
-
-template class pFlow::pointField<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::realx3, pFlow::HostSpace>;
-
-
-
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointFields.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointFields.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index a3183143..00000000
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/pointFields.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
-#ifndef __pointFields_hpp__
-#define __pointFields_hpp__
-
-#include "VectorSingle.hpp"
-#include "pointField.hpp"
-#include "types.hpp"
-
-namespace pFlow
-{
-
-template<typename T>
-  using pointField_H = pointField<VectorSingle, T, HostSpace>;
-
-template<typename T>
-  using pointField_D = pointField<VectorSingle, T>;
-
-template<typename T>
-  using pointField_HD = pointField<VectorDual, T>;
-
-
-using int8PointField_D 		= pointField<VectorSingle, int8>;
-
-using int8PointField_H 		= pointField<VectorSingle, int8, HostSpace>;
-
-using int16PointField_D 	= pointField<VectorSingle, int16>;
-
-using int16PointField_H 	= pointField<VectorSingle, int16, HostSpace>;
-
-using int32PointField_D 	= pointField<VectorSingle, int32>;
-
-using int32PointField_H 	= pointField<VectorSingle, int32, HostSpace>;
-
-using int64PointField_D 	= pointField<VectorSingle, int64>;
-
-using int64PointField_H 	= pointField<VectorSingle, int64, HostSpace>;
-
-using uint32PointField_D 	= pointField<VectorSingle, uint32>;
-
-using uint32PointField_H 	= pointField<VectorSingle, uint32, HostSpace>;
-
-using labelPointField_D 	= pointField<VectorSingle, label>;
-
-using labelPointField_H  	= pointField<VectorSingle, label, HostSpace>;
-
-using realPointField_D 		= pointField<VectorSingle, real>;
-
-using realPointField_H 		= pointField<VectorSingle, real, HostSpace>;
-
-using realx3PointField_D 	= pointField<VectorSingle, realx3> ;
-
-using realx3PointField_H 	= pointField<VectorSingle, realx3, HostSpace>;
-
-using wordPointField_H 		= pointField<VectorSingle, word, HostSpace>;
-
-using int8PointField_HD 	= pointField<VectorDual, int8>;
-
-using int16PointField_HD 	= pointField<VectorDual, int16>;
-
-using int32PointField_HD 	= pointField<VectorDual, int32>;
-
-using int64PointField_HD 	= pointField<VectorDual, int64>;
-
-using uint32PointField_HD 	= pointField<VectorDual, uint32>;
-
-using labelPointField_HD 	= pointField<VectorDual, label>;
-
-using realPointField_HD 	= pointField<VectorDual, real>;
-
-using realx3PointField_HD 	= pointField<VectorDual, realx3>;
-
-using wordPointField 		= pointField<Vector, word, vecAllocator<word>>;
-
-}
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/span/span.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/span/span.hpp
index 63c89190..91deb71f 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/span/span.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/span/span.hpp
@@ -51,11 +51,11 @@ protected:
 
     T* data_ 		= nullptr;
 
-    label 	size_ 	= 0;
+    uint32 	size_ 	= 0;
 
 public:
     
-    TypeInfoTemplateNV("span", T);
+    TypeInfoTemplateNV11("span", T);
 
     /// Constructor
     INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public:
 
 
     INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-    span(T* data, label size)
+    span(T* data, uint32 size)
         : data_(data), size_(size)
     {}
 
@@ -77,11 +77,11 @@ public:
 
     /// move
     INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-    span(span&&) = delete;
+    span(span&&) = default;
 
     /// assignment
     INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-    span& operator=(span&) = delete;
+    span& operator=(span&) = default;
 
     
     INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ public:
 
     /// Returns the number of elements in the span
     INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-    label size() const
+    uint32 size() const
     {
         return size_;
     }
@@ -131,6 +131,18 @@ public:
         return data_ + size_;
     }
 
+    INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+    T& operator[](uint32 i)
+    {
+    	return data_[i];
+    }
+
+    INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+    const T& operator[](uint32 i)const
+    {
+    	return data_[i];
+    }
+
     INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
     T& operator[](int32 i)
     {
@@ -143,37 +155,62 @@ public:
     	return data_[i];
     }
 
-    INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-    T& operator[](label i)
-    {
-    	return data_[i];
-    }
-
-    INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-    const T& operator[](label i)const
-    {
-    	return data_[i];
-    }
-
 };
 
-template<typename T>
-inline 
-iOstream& operator<<(iOstream& os, const span<T>& s)
+/*template<typename T, typename... properties, template<class, class...> class Container>
+size_t makeSpan(Container<T, properties...>& container)
 {
-    os << token::BEGIN_LIST;
-    for(size_t i=0; i<s.size(); i++)
-    {
-        os << s[i]<<token::NL;
-    }
-    
-    os << token::END_LIST;
-
-    os.check(FUNCTION_NAME);
-
-    return os;
+    return span<T>(container.data(), container.size());
 }
 
+template<typename T, typename... properties, template<class, class...> class Container>
+size_t makeSpan(const Container<T, properties...>& container)
+{
+    return span<T>(
+        const_cast<T*>(container.data()), 
+        container.size());
+}*/
+
+
+template<typename T>
+inline
+span<char> charSpan(span<T> s)
+{
+    auto el = sizeof(T);
+    return span<char>(
+        reinterpret_cast<char*>(s.data()),
+        s.size()*el);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline
+span<const char> charSpan(span<const T> s)
+{
+    auto el = sizeof(T);
+    return span<const char>(
+        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(s.data()),
+        s.size()*el);
+}
+
+/*template<typename T, template<class> class Container>
+span<T> makeSpan(Container<T>& container)
+{
+    return span<T>(container.data(), container.size());
+}
+
+template<typename T, template<class> class Container>
+span<T> makeSpan(const Container<T>& container)
+{
+    return span<T>(
+        const_cast<T*>(container.data()), 
+        container.size());
+}*/
+
+
+
+
+
+
 } // pFlow
 
 #endif //__span_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/symArrayHD/symArrayHD.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/symArrayHD/symArrayHD.hpp
index d1d0ddd7..9c7d1a67 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/symArrayHD/symArrayHD.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/symArrayHD/symArrayHD.hpp
@@ -23,22 +23,11 @@ Licence:
 
 #include "KokkosTypes.hpp"
 
-
 #include "types.hpp"
 #include "typeInfo.hpp"
 #include "Vector.hpp"
 
 
-/*
-stores the elemnt of a symetric array in the following order in a 1D vector
-
- 0  1  2  3
-    4  5  6
-       7  8  
-          9
-
-*/
-
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
@@ -52,6 +41,15 @@ void SWAP(Type &x, Type& y)
 	x = temp;
 }
 
+/*
+stores the elemnt of a symetric array in the following order in a 1D vector
+
+ 0  1  2  3
+    4  5  6
+       7  8  
+          9
+
+*/
 template<typename T, typename MemorySpace=void>
 class symArray
 {
@@ -82,14 +80,14 @@ class symArray
   	using execution_space 	= typename ViewType::execution_space;
 
   	
-protected:
+private:
 
-	uint32 			n_=0;
+	uint32 			n_= 0;
 
 	ViewType 		view_;
 
 
-	constexpr static inline const char* memoerySpaceName()
+	constexpr static const char* memoerySpaceName()
   	{
   		return memory_space::name();
   	}
@@ -97,14 +95,14 @@ protected:
 public:
 
 	// - type info
-	TypeInfoTemplateNV2("symArray", T, memoerySpaceName());
+	TypeInfoTemplateNV111("symArray", T, memoerySpaceName());
 
 	//// constructors 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
 	symArray();
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	symArray(uint32 n)
+	explicit symArray(uint32 n)
 	:
 		symArray("symArray",n)
 	{}
@@ -125,7 +123,7 @@ public:
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	symArray(word name, Vector<T> src)
+	symArray(word name, const Vector<T>& src)
 	:
 		view_(name)
 	{
@@ -137,19 +135,19 @@ public:
 		}
 	}
 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	symArray(const symArray&) = default;
 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	symArray& operator=(const symArray&) = default;
 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	symArray(symArray&&) = delete;
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	symArray(symArray&&) = default;
 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	symArray& operator=(symArray&&) = delete;
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	symArray& operator=(symArray&&) = default;
 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	~symArray()=default;
 
 	
@@ -219,10 +217,10 @@ public:
 		bool write(iOstream& os)const
 		{
 			
-			int32 s = numElem(n_);
-			Vector<T, noConstructAllocator<T>> vecToFile(s);
+			uint32 s = numElem(n_);
+			Vector<T> vecToFile(view_.label(),s);
 			
-			const auto dVec = Kokkos::subview(view_, kPair<int32,int32>(0, s));
+			const auto dVec = Kokkos::subview(view_, Pair<uint32,uint32>(0, s));
 			hostViewType1D<T> mirror(vecToFile.data(), vecToFile.size());
 			Kokkos::deep_copy(mirror,dVec);
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/triSurfaceField/triSurfaceField.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/triSurfaceField/triSurfaceField.cpp
index 26830089..8ba0abf4 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/triSurfaceField/triSurfaceField.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/triSurfaceField/triSurfaceField.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include "triSurfaceField.hpp"
 /*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
@@ -18,7 +19,153 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-template<template<class, class> class VectorField, class T, class MemorySpace>
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+pFlow::triSurfaceField<T,MemorySpace>::triSurfaceField
+( 
+	const objectFile& objf,
+	multiTriSurface& surface, 
+	const T& defVal
+)
+:
+	triSurfaceField
+	(
+		objf,
+		surface.owner(),
+		surface,
+		defVal
+	)
+{
+
+}
+
+template<class T, class MemorySpace>
+pFlow::triSurfaceField<T,MemorySpace>::triSurfaceField
+( 
+	const objectFile& objf,
+	repository* owner,
+	multiTriSurface& surface, 
+	const T& defVal
+)
+:
+	IOobject
+	(
+		objf,
+		IOPattern::AllProcessorsSimilar,
+		owner
+	),
+	observer
+	(
+		&surface,
+		message::Default()
+	),
+	field_
+	(
+		objf.name(),
+		"value",
+		surface.capacity(),
+		surface.size(),
+		RESERVE()
+	),
+	surface_(surface),
+	defaultValue_(defVal)
+{
+	if(IOobject::implyRead())
+    {
+        REPORT(1)<< "Reading triSurfaceField "<< Green_Text(IOobject::name())<<
+        " from "<<IOobject::path()<<END_REPORT;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        REPORT(1)<< "Creating triSurfaceField "<< Green_Text(IOobject::name())<<END_REPORT;
+    }
+    if( !IOobject::readObject() )
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<<
+        "Error in reading from file "<<IOobject::path()<<endl;
+        fatalExit;
+    }
+} 
+
+template <class T, class MemorySpace>
+pFlow::triSurfaceField<T, MemorySpace>::triSurfaceField
+(
+	const objectFile &objf, 
+	multiTriSurface &surface, 
+	const T &val, 
+	const T &defVal
+)
+:
+	triSurfaceField
+	(
+		objf,
+		surface.owner(),
+		surface,
+		val, 
+		defVal
+	)	
+{}
+
+template <class T, class MemorySpace>
+pFlow::triSurfaceField<T, MemorySpace>::triSurfaceField
+(
+	const objectFile &objf, 
+	repository *owner, 
+	multiTriSurface &surface, 
+	const T &val, 
+	const T &defVal
+)
+:
+	IOobject
+	(
+		objectFile
+		(
+			objf.name(),
+			objf.localPath(),
+			objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+			objf.wFlag()
+		),
+		IOPattern::AllProcessorsSimilar,
+		owner
+	),
+	observer
+	(
+		&surface,
+		message::Default()
+	),
+	field_
+	(
+		objf.name(),
+		"value",
+		surface.capacity(),
+		surface.size(),
+		val
+	),
+	surface_(surface),
+	defaultValue_(defVal)
+{
+}
+
+template <class T, class MemorySpace>
+bool pFlow::triSurfaceField<T, MemorySpace>::write
+(
+	iOstream &is, 
+	const IOPattern &iop
+) const
+{
+	return field_.write(is, iop);
+}
+
+template <class T, class MemorySpace>
+bool pFlow::triSurfaceField<T, MemorySpace>::read
+(
+	iIstream &is, 
+	const IOPattern &iop
+)
+{
+    return field_.read(is, iop);
+}
+
+/*template<template<class, class> class VectorField, class T, class MemorySpace>
 pFlow::triSurfaceField<VectorField, T, MemorySpace>::triSurfaceField
 (
 	const triSurface& surface,
@@ -116,4 +263,4 @@ bool pFlow::triSurfaceField<VectorField, T, MemorySpace>::writeTriSurfaceField
 )const
 {
 	return FieldType::write(os);
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}*/
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/triSurfaceField/triSurfaceField.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/triSurfaceField/triSurfaceField.hpp
index 8dc2899b..54c4c0db 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/triSurfaceField/triSurfaceField.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/triSurfaceField/triSurfaceField.hpp
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ Licence:
 #define __trieSurfaceField_hpp__
 
 #include "Field.hpp"
-#include "triSurface.hpp"
+#include "multiTriSurface.hpp"
+#include "observer.hpp"
 #include "error.hpp"
 
 
@@ -30,119 +31,160 @@ namespace pFlow
 {
 
 
-template<template<class, class> class VectorField, class T, class MemorySpace=void>
+template<class T, class MemorySpace=void>
 class triSurfaceField
 :
-	public eventObserver,	
-	public Field<VectorField, T, MemorySpace>
+	public IOobject,
+	public observer
 {
 public:
 	
-	using triSurfaceFieldType 	= triSurfaceField<VectorField, T, MemorySpace>;
+	using triSurfaceFieldType 	= triSurfaceField<T, MemorySpace>;
 	
-	using FieldType         	= Field<VectorField, T, MemorySpace>;
+	using FieldType         	= Field<T, MemorySpace>;
   	
   	using VectorType  			= typename FieldType::VectorType;
 
-	using iterator        = typename FieldType::iterator;
+	using memory_space 			= typename FieldType::memory_space;
 
-  	using constIterator   = typename FieldType::constIterator;
+	using execution_space 		= typename FieldType::execution_space;
 
-	using reference       = typename FieldType::reference;
-  	
-  	using constReference  = typename FieldType::constReference;
-
-	using valueType       = typename FieldType::valueType;
-  	
-  	using pointer         = typename FieldType::pointer;
-  	
-  	using constPointer    = typename FieldType::constPointer;
-
-protected:
+private:
 
 	////- data members
-		const triSurface& surface_;
+
+		FieldType 				field_;
+
+		const multiTriSurface& 	surface_;
 
 		// - value when a new item is added to field
-		T 	defaultValue_;
+		T 						defaultValue_;
 
 
 public:
 	
 	// - type info
-	TypeInfoTemplateNV2("triSurfaceField", T, VectorType::memoerySpaceName());
+	TypeInfoTemplate111("triSurfaceField", T, VectorType::memoerySpaceName());
 
 	
 	//// CONSTRUCTORS
 
 		// - construct a field from tirSurface and set defaultValue_ and field value to defVal
-		triSurfaceField( const triSurface& surface, const T& defVal, bool subscribe = true);
+		triSurfaceField( 
+			const objectFile& objf,
+			multiTriSurface& surface, 
+			const T& defVal);
+
+		triSurfaceField( 
+			const objectFile& objf,
+			repository* owner,
+			multiTriSurface& surface, 
+			const T& defVal);
 
 		// - construct from iIOEntity, tirSurface and a value
-		triSurfaceField( const triSurface& surface, const T& val, const T& defVal, bool subscribe = true);
+		triSurfaceField( 
+			const objectFile& objf,
+			multiTriSurface& surface, 
+			const T& val, 
+			const T& defVal);
 
-		// - construct from another triSurfaceField
-		//   subscribe to events if true
-		triSurfaceField( const triSurfaceField& src, bool subscribe);
+		triSurfaceField( 
+			const objectFile& objf,
+			repository* owner,
+			multiTriSurface& surface, 
+			const T& val, 
+			const T& defVal);
 
+		~triSurfaceField()override = default;
 
-		// - copy construct 
-		triSurfaceField(const triSurfaceField& src);
-
-		// - no move construct
-		triSurfaceField(triSurfaceField&& src) = delete;
-
-
-		// assignment, only assign the VectorField and preserve other parts of this 
-		triSurfaceField& operator = (const triSurfaceField& rhs);
-
-		// no move assignment 
-		triSurfaceField& operator = (triSurfaceField&&) = delete;		
-
-
-		inline uniquePtr<triSurfaceFieldType> clone() const
-		{
-			return makeUnique<triSurfaceFieldType>(*this);
-		}
-
-		inline triSurfaceFieldType* clonePtr()const
-		{
-			return new triSurfaceFieldType(*this);
-		}
+			
 
 	//// - Methods
 
-		inline const triSurface& surface()const {
+		inline 
+		const auto& surface()const 
+		{
 			return surface_;
 		}
 
-		auto getTriangleAccessor()const
+		inline 
+		auto size()const
 		{
-			return surface_.getTriangleAccessor();
+			return field_.size();
 		}
 
-		bool update(const eventMessage& msg);
+		inline
+		auto capacity()const
+		{
+			return field_.capacity();
+		}
 
+		inline 
+		void assign(const std::vector<T>& vals)
+		{
+			if(vals.size() != surface_.size())
+			{
+				fatalErrorInFunction;
+				fatalExit;	
+			}
+			field_.assign(vals, surface_.capacity());
+		}
+		
+		inline 
+		const auto& deviceViewAll()const
+		{
+			return field_.deviceViewAll();
+		}
+		inline
+		auto deviceView()const
+		{
+			return field_.deviceView();
+		}
+
+		inline
+		auto hostView()const
+		{
+			return field_.hostView();
+		}
+
+		inline
+		const FieldType& field()const
+		{
+			return field_;
+		}
+
+		inline
+		FieldType& field()
+		{
+			return field_;
+		}
+
+		inline 
+		void fill(const T& val)
+		{
+			field_.fillField(val);
+		}
+
+		bool hearChanges(
+		real t,
+		real dt,
+		uint32 iter,
+		const message& msg, 
+		const anyList& varList) override
+		{
+			notImplementedFunction;
+			return false;
+		}
 
 	//// -  IO operations
-		bool readTriSurfacceField(iIstream& is);
+		bool write(iOstream& is, const IOPattern& iop)const override;
 
-		bool writeTriSurfaceField(iOstream& os)const;
-
-
-		bool read(iIstream& is)
-		{
-			return readTriSurfacceField(is);
-		}
-
-		bool write(iOstream& os)const
-		{
-			return writeTriSurfaceField(os);
-		}
+    
+        bool read(iIstream& is, const IOPattern& iop) override;
 
 };
 
-template<template<class, class> class VectorField, class T, class MemorySpace>
+/*template<template<class, class> class VectorField, class T, class MemorySpace>
 iIstream& operator >> (iIstream & is, triSurfaceField<VectorField, T, MemorySpace> & tsF )
 {
 	if( !tsF.read(is))
@@ -168,7 +210,7 @@ iOstream& operator << (iOstream& os, const triSurfaceField<VectorField, T, Memor
 	}
 
 	return os;
-}
+}*/
 
 }
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/triSurfaceField/triSurfaceFields.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/triSurfaceField/triSurfaceFields.cpp
index 742b7aaa..88850464 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/triSurfaceField/triSurfaceFields.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/triSurfaceField/triSurfaceFields.cpp
@@ -21,14 +21,5 @@ Licence:
 #include "triSurfaceFields.hpp"
 
 
-template class pFlow::triSurfaceField<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::real>;
+template class pFlow::triSurfaceField<pFlow::realx3>;
 
-template class pFlow::triSurfaceField<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::real, pFlow::HostSpace>;
-
-template class pFlow::triSurfaceField<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::realx3>;
-
-template class pFlow::triSurfaceField<pFlow::VectorSingle, pFlow::realx3, pFlow::HostSpace>;
-
-template class pFlow::triSurfaceField<pFlow::VectorDual, pFlow::real>;
-
-template class pFlow::triSurfaceField<pFlow::VectorDual, pFlow::realx3>;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/triSurfaceField/triSurfaceFields.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/triSurfaceField/triSurfaceFields.hpp
index c3cd6bd9..15311602 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/triSurfaceField/triSurfaceFields.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/triSurfaceField/triSurfaceFields.hpp
@@ -21,37 +21,26 @@ Licence:
 #ifndef __triSurfaceFields_hpp__ 
 #define __triSurfaceFields_hpp__
 
-#include "VectorSingle.hpp"
-#include "VectorDual.hpp"
-#include "triSurfaceField.hpp"
 #include "types.hpp"
+#include "VectorSingle.hpp"
+#include "triSurfaceField.hpp"
+
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-using realTriSurfaceField_D 	= triSurfaceField<VectorSingle, real> ;
+using uint32TriSurfaceField_D 	= triSurfaceField<uint32> ;
 
-using realTriSurfaceField_H 	= triSurfaceField<VectorSingle, real, HostSpace> ;
+using uint32TriSurfaceField_H 	= triSurfaceField<uint32, HostSpace> ;
 
-using realx3TriSurfaceField_D 	= triSurfaceField<VectorSingle, realx3> ;
+using realTriSurfaceField_D 	= triSurfaceField<real> ;
 
-using realx3TriSurfaceField_H 	= triSurfaceField<VectorSingle, realx3, HostSpace> ;
+using realTriSurfaceField_H 	= triSurfaceField<real, HostSpace> ;
 
-using realTriSurfaceField_HD 	= triSurfaceField<VectorDual, real> ;
+using realx3TriSurfaceField_D 	= triSurfaceField<realx3> ;
 
-using realx3TriSurfaceField_HD 	= triSurfaceField<VectorDual, realx3> ;
+using realx3TriSurfaceField_H 	= triSurfaceField<realx3, HostSpace> ;
 
-using realTriSurfaceField 		= triSurfaceField<Vector, real, vecAllocator<real>> ;
-
-using realx3TriSurfaceField 	= triSurfaceField<Vector, realx3, vecAllocator<realx3>> ;
-
-using int8TriSurfaceField_D 	= triSurfaceField<VectorSingle, int8> ;
-
-using int8TriSurfaceField_H 	= triSurfaceField<VectorSingle, int8, HostSpace> ;
-
-using int8TriSurfaceField_HD 	= triSurfaceField<VectorDual, int8> ;
-
-using int8TriSurfaceField 		= triSurfaceField<Vector, int8, vecAllocator<real>> ;
 
 
 }
diff --git a/src/Interaction/interaction/demInteraction.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/demComponent/demComponent.cpp
similarity index 65%
rename from src/Interaction/interaction/demInteraction.hpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/demComponent/demComponent.cpp
index 8c74639c..7c4d020b 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/interaction/demInteraction.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/demComponent/demComponent.cpp
@@ -18,42 +18,34 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-#ifndef __demInteraction_hpp__
-#define __demInteraction_hpp__
-
-#include "property.hpp"
 #include "demComponent.hpp"
-#include "pointFields.hpp"
-#include "triSurfaceFields.hpp"
+#include "systemControl.hpp"
+#include "Time.hpp"
 
-namespace pFlow
-{
-
-class demInteraction
+pFlow::demComponent::demComponent(const word& name, systemControl& control)
 :
-	public property,
-	public demComponent
+	control_(control),
+	time_(control.time()),
+	timers_(name, &control.timers()),
+  componentName_(name)
+{}
+
+pFlow::real pFlow::demComponent::dt()const
 {
-protected:
-
-public:
-	demInteraction(systemControl& control)
-	:
-		property(),
-		demComponent("interaction", control)
-	{}
-
-	demInteraction(systemControl& control, const fileSystem& file)
-	:
-		property(file),
-		demComponent("interaction", control)
-	{}
-
-
-
-};
-
-
+	return time_.dt();
 }
 
-#endif //__interaction_hpp__ 
+pFlow::real pFlow::demComponent::currentTime()const
+{
+   return time_.currentTime();
+}
+
+pFlow::uint32 pFlow::demComponent::currentIter() const
+{
+  return time_.currentIter();
+}
+
+pFlow::timeInfo pFlow::demComponent::TimeInfo() const
+{
+    return time_.TimeInfo();
+}
diff --git a/src/demComponent/demComponent.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/demComponent/demComponent.hpp
similarity index 84%
rename from src/demComponent/demComponent.hpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/demComponent/demComponent.hpp
index d5ad1635..1a67fbd0 100644
--- a/src/demComponent/demComponent.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/demComponent/demComponent.hpp
@@ -21,13 +21,16 @@ Licence:
 #ifndef __demComponent_hpp__ 
 #define __demComponent_hpp__
 
-#include "systemControl.hpp"
-
-
+#include "types.hpp"
+#include "typeInfo.hpp"
+#include "timeInfo.hpp"
+#include "Timers.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
+class systemControl;
+class Time;
 /**
  * A base class for every main component of DEM system.
  * 
@@ -38,19 +41,20 @@ namespace pFlow
  */
 class demComponent
 {
-protected:
-
-	// - Protected data members 
-
-		/// Name of the DEM component 
-		word 	componentName_;
-
+private:
+	// - Protected data members 		
+		
 		/// Reference to systemControl 
-		systemControl& control_;
+		systemControl& 	control_;
+
+		Time& 			time_;
 
 		/// All timers (if any) of this component
 		Timers 	timers_;
 
+		/// Name of the DEM component 
+		word 	componentName_;
+
 public:
 
 	/// Type info
@@ -59,13 +63,8 @@ public:
 	// - Constructors
 	
 		/// construct from components
-		demComponent(const word& name, systemControl& control)
-		:
-			componentName_(name),
-			control_(control),
-			timers_(name, &control.timers())
-		{}
-
+		demComponent(const word& name, systemControl& control);
+		
 		/// No copy constructor
 		demComponent(const demComponent&) = delete;
 
@@ -99,19 +98,30 @@ public:
 		}
 
 		/// Time step of integration
+		real dt()const;
+		
+		/// Current simulation time 
+		real currentTime()const;
+
+		/// @brief return current iteration number 
+		uint32 currentIter()const;
+
+		/// return time info of the simulaiton 
+		timeInfo TimeInfo()const;
+		
 		inline
-		real dt()const
+		const auto& time()const
 		{
-			return control_.time().dt();
+			return time_;
 		}
 
-		/// Current simulation time 
-		inline
-		real currentTime()const
+		inline 
+		auto& time()
 		{
-			return control_.time().currentTime();
+			return time_;
 		}
 
+
 		/// Const ref to timers
 		inline
 		const auto& timers() const
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/dictionary.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/dictionary.cpp
index 4d9f5464..58a76958 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/dictionary.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/dictionary.cpp
@@ -299,6 +299,13 @@ pFlow::dictionary::dictionary
 
 }
 
+pFlow::dictionary::dictionary(const dictionary &src, bool global)
+:
+	dictionary(src)
+{
+	isGlobal_ = global;
+}
+
 pFlow::dictionary& pFlow::dictionary::operator=
 (
 	const dictionary& rhs
@@ -378,7 +385,8 @@ bool pFlow::dictionary::isFileDict()const
 bool  pFlow::dictionary::addPtr
 (
 	const word& keyword,
-	uniquePtr<iEntry>& entry
+	uniquePtr<iEntry>& entry,
+	bool warning
 )
 {
 
@@ -390,9 +398,13 @@ bool  pFlow::dictionary::addPtr
 	// search all entries for repeated keyword
 	if(auto [ptr, exist] = entries_.find(keyword); exist )
 	{
-		warningInFunction <<
-		"keyword " << keyword << " already exists in the dicrionary " <<
-		this->globalName() << ". The old entry will be replaced by the new one. \n";
+		if(warning)
+		{
+			warningInFunction <<
+			"keyword " << keyword << " already exists in the dicrionary " <<
+			this->globalName() << ". The old entry will be replaced by the new one. \n";
+		}
+		
 		// store the old pointer to entry
 		oldEntryPtr = ptr;
 	}
@@ -400,6 +412,7 @@ bool  pFlow::dictionary::addPtr
 	
 	if( entries_.insertReplace(keyword, entry) )
 	{
+	
 		if(oldEntryPtr)
 		{
 			// this should be replaced 
@@ -468,15 +481,6 @@ bool pFlow::dictionary::add
 	return addPtr(keyword, ptr);
 }
 
-bool pFlow::dictionary::add
-(
-	const word& keyword,
-	const int16& v
-)
-{
-	uniquePtr<iEntry> ptr = makeUnique<dataEntry>(keyword, *this, token(v));
-	return addPtr(keyword, ptr);
-}
 
 bool pFlow::dictionary::add
 (
@@ -491,7 +495,7 @@ bool pFlow::dictionary::add
 bool pFlow::dictionary::add
 (
 	const word& keyword,
-	const label& v
+	const uint64& v
 )
 {
 	uniquePtr<iEntry> ptr = makeUnique<dataEntry>(keyword, *this, token(v));
@@ -508,6 +512,15 @@ bool pFlow::dictionary::add
 	return addPtr(keyword, ptr);
 }
 
+bool pFlow::dictionary::add
+(
+	const word& keyword,
+	const uint8& v
+)
+{
+	uniquePtr<iEntry> ptr = makeUnique<dataEntry>(keyword, *this, token(v));
+	return addPtr(keyword, ptr);
+}
 
 bool pFlow::dictionary::addDict
 (
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/dictionary.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/dictionary.hpp
index 3ad26c06..e64dfec1 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/dictionary.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/dictionary.hpp
@@ -34,7 +34,36 @@ Licence:
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-
+/**
+ *  Dictionary holds a set of data entries or sub-dictionaries that are enclosed 
+ * 	in a curely braces or are in a file. 
+ *  
+ *  data entry format is: 
+ *  ```
+ *  entryName 	value;
+ *  ```
+ *  and a dictionary in a file can be: 
+ * ```
+ * entryName2  value2;
+ * 
+ * entryName3  value3;
+ * 
+ * subDict1
+ * {
+ *    entryName4 value4;
+ *   
+ *    ....
+ *   
+ * }
+ * 
+ * subDict2
+ * {
+ 	* ...
+ * }
+ * 
+ * ```
+ * 
+ */
 class dictionary
 :
 	public iEntry
@@ -43,40 +72,42 @@ protected:
 
 	//// - Data members
 
-		// global name of dictionary, separated with dots
+		/// global name of dictionary, separated with dots
 		word name_;
 
-		// all the entries (data and dictionary) of the current dictionary
+		/// all the entries (data and dictionary) of the current dictionary
 		wordOrderedMapPtr<iEntry> entries_;
 
-		// entries in order of insertion
+		/// entries in order of insertion
 		List<iEntry*> orderedEntries_;
 
-		// - ref to parrent dictionary
+		/// ref to parrent dictionary
 		const dictionary& parDict_;
 
-		bool isGlobal_;
+		bool isGlobal_ = false;
 
 
-	//// - protected methods 
+	///// protected methods 
 
-		// - find an entry based on keyword
-		//   return nullptr if not found
+		/// find an entry based on keyword
+		///   return nullptr if not found
 		iEntry* findEntry(const word& keyword);
 
-		// - find and entry based on keyword
-		//   return nullptr if not found
+		/// find and entry based on keyword
+		///   return nullptr if not found
 		iEntry* findEntry(const word& keyword)const;
 
-		// - reads a dataEntry with keyword from dictionary
+		/// reads a dataEntry with keyword from dictionary
 		template<typename T>
 		bool readDataEntry( const word& keyword, T& val)const;
 
-		// - read dictionary from stream - without keyword
+		/// read dictionary from stream - without keyword
 		bool readDictionary(iIstream & is);
 
-		// - write dictionary to stream - with keyword
+		/// write dictionary to stream - with keyword
 		bool writeDictionary(iOstream& os, bool withBlock = true)const;
+
+        
 	
 
 public:
@@ -87,186 +118,212 @@ public:
 	TypeInfo("dictionary");
 
 	//// - Constructors
-
-		// - cunstructs a null dictionary
-		dictionary();
-
-		// - construct an empty dictionary with keyword
-		dictionary(const word& keyword);
-
-		// - construct an empty dictionary with keyword and make it global/fileDictionary (if true)
+		/// construct an empty dictionary with keyword and make it global/fileDictionary (if true)
 		dictionary(const word& keyword, bool global);
 
-		// - construct a dictionary with name and read it from file 
+		/// construct a dictionary with name and read it from file 
 		dictionary(const word& keyword, const fileSystem& file);
+		
+		/// cunstructs a null dictionary
+		dictionary();
 
-		// - cunstruct an empty dictionary with keyword and parDict
+		/// construct an empty dictionary with keyword
+		dictionary(const word& keyword);
+
+		/// cunstruct an empty dictionary with keyword and parDict
 		dictionary(const word& keyword, const dictionary& parDict);
 
-		// - cunstruct a dictionary with keyword and parDict and from stream
+		/// cunstruct a dictionary with keyword and parDict and from stream
 		dictionary( const word& keyword, const dictionary& parDict, iIstream& is);
 
-		// - copy construct with keyword and new parrent dict
-		//   discard the keyword and parDict of dict
+		/// copy construct with keyword and new parrent dict
+		/// discard the keyword and parDict of dict
 		dictionary(const word& keyword, const dictionary& parDict, const dictionary& dict);
 
-		// - copy construct as default behavior
-		// 	 entries_ are copied smoothly. set parrent dict to nullDict
+		/// copy construct as default behavior
+		/// entries_ are copied smoothly. set parrent dict to nullDict
 		dictionary(const dictionary& );
 
+		dictionary(const dictionary& src, bool global);
 
-		// - assignment preserve name of this dictionary 
-		// - only entries are transfered with ownership
+
+		/// assignment preserve name of this dictionary 
+		/// only entries are transfered with ownership
 		dictionary& operator=(const dictionary& rhs);
 
 
 	//// - Methods
 
-		// - pointer to this dictionary
+		/// pointer to this dictionary
 		virtual dictionary* dictPtr();
 		
-		// - pointer to this dictionary
+		/// pointer to this dictionary
 		virtual const dictionary* dictPtr() const;
 		
-		// - if this is a dictionary
+		/// if this is a dictionary
 		virtual bool isDictionary() const;
 
-		// - global name of entry, separated with dots
+		/// global name of entry, separated with dots
 		virtual word globalName()const;
 
-		// - const ref to parrent dictionary 
+		/// const ref to parrent dictionary 
 		virtual const dictionary& parrentDict() const;
 
-		// - ref to this dictionary, if it is a dictionary
+		/// ref to this dictionary, if it is a dictionary
 		virtual dictionary& dict();
 
-		// - const ref to this dictionary, if it is a dictionary
+		/// const ref to this dictionary, if it is a dictionary
 		virtual const dictionary& dict() const;
 
-		// - if dictionary is file dictionary, return false
+		/// if dictionary is file dictionary, return false
 		virtual bool isFileDict()const;
 
-		// - add a pointer entry (dictionary/dataEntry)
-		//   replaces this entry with existing one
-		bool addPtr(const word& keyword, uniquePtr<iEntry>& etry );
+		/// @brief add a pointer entry (dictionary/dataEntry)
+		///   replaces this entry with existing one and issue a warning
+		bool addPtr(const word& keyword, uniquePtr<iEntry>& etry, bool warning = true );
 
-		// - add a float dataEntry 
+
+		/// add a float dataEntry 
 		bool add(const word& keyword, const float& v);
 
-		// - add a double dataEntry
+		/// add a double dataEntry
 		bool add(const word& keyword, const double& v);
 
-		// - add a word dataEntry
+		/// add a word dataEntry
 		bool add(const word& keyword, const word& v);
 
-		// - add a int64 dataEntry
+		/// add a int64 dataEntry
 		bool add(const word& keyword, const int64& v);
 
-		// - add a int32 dataEntry
+		/// add a int32 dataEntry
 		bool add(const word& keyword, const int32& v);
 
-		// - add a int16 dataEntry
-		bool add(const word& keyword, const int16& v);
-
-		// - add a int8 dataEntry
+		/// add a int8 dataEntry
 		bool add(const word& keyword, const int8& v);
 
-		// - add a label dataEntry
-		bool add(const word& keyword, const label& v);
+		/// add a uint64 dataEntry
+		bool add(const word& keyword, const uint64& v);
 
-		// - add a uint32 dataEntry
+		/// add a uint32 dataEntry
 		bool add(const word& keyword, const uint32& v);
 
-		// add a dictionary with the specifiedd keyword
+		/// add a uint8 dataEntry
+		bool add(const word& keyword, const uint8& v);
+
+		/// @brief add a dictionary with the specifiedd keyword, if 
+		/// it exists, replace it.
 		bool addDict(const word& keyword, const dictionary& dict);
 
-		// - add a dataEntry of type T
+		/// add a dataEntry of type T
 		template<typename T>
 		bool add(const word& keyword, const T& v );
 
+		template<typename T>
+		bool addOrKeep(const word& keyword, const T& v);
+
+        template<typename T>
+        bool addOrReplace(const word& keyword, const T& v);
 
 		void clear();
 
-		// - pointer to a subdictionary 
-		//   fatalExit if not found
+		/// pointer to a subdictionary 
+		///  fatalExit if not found
 		dictionary* subDictPtr(const word& keyword);
 
-		// - ref to a subdictioanry 
-		//   fatalExit if not found 
+		/// ref to a subdictioanry 
+		///  fatalExit if not found 
 		dictionary& subDict(const word& keyword);
 
-		// - const ref to a subdictioanry 
-		//   fatalExit if not found 
+		/// const ref to a subdictioanry 
+		///  fatalExit if not found 
 		const dictionary& subDict(const word& keyword) const;
 
-		// - pointer to a dataEntry 
-		//   fatalExit if not found/not a dataEntry
+		/// pointer to a dataEntry 
+		///  fatalExit if not found/not a dataEntry
 		dataEntry* dataEntryPtr(const word& keyword);
 
-		// - ref to a subdictioanry 
-		//   fatalExit if not found/not a dataEntry 
+		/// ref to a subdictioanry 
+		///  fatalExit if not found/not a dataEntry 
 		dataEntry& dataEntryRef(const word& keyword);
 
-		// - const ref to a subdictioanry 
-		//   fatalExit if not found/not a dataEntry 
+		/// const ref to a subdictioanry 
+		///  fatalExit if not found/not a dataEntry 
 		const dataEntry& dataEntryRef(const word& keyword)const;
 
-		// - search for a sub-dict with keyword
-		//   create a new sub-dict if not found and return a ref to it
-		//   fatalExit if fails
+		/// search for a sub-dict with keyword
+		/// create a new sub-dict if not found and return a ref to it
+		/// fatalExit if fails
 		dictionary& subDictOrCreate(const word& keyword);
 		
-		// - get the value of data entry 
+		/// get the value of data entry 
 		template<typename T>
 		T getVal(const word& keyword) const;
 
-		// - get the value of data entry or 
-		//   if not found, set the value to setVal
+		/// get the value of data entry and return max(value, maxVal)
+		template<typename T>
+		T getValMax(const word& keyword, const T& maxVal)const;
+
+		/// get the value of data entry and return min(value, minVal)
+		template<typename T>
+		T getValMin(const word& keyword, const T& minVal)const;
+
+		/// get the value of data entry or 
+		/// if not found, set the value to setVal
 		template<typename T>
 		T getValOrSet(const word& keyword, const T& setVal)const;
 
-		// return number of entris in this dictionary
+		/// get the value of data entry anf return max(setMaxVal, value)
+		/// if not found, set the value to setMaxVal 
+		template<typename T>
+		T getValOrSetMax(const word& keyword, const T& setMaxVal)const;
+
+		/// get the value of data entry anf return max(setMinVal, value)
+		/// if not found, set the value to setMinVal 
+		template<typename T>
+		T getValOrSetMin(const word& keyword, const T& setMinVal)const;
+
+		/// return number of entris in this dictionary
 		size_t numEntries()const;
 		
-		// return number of non-nullptr dataEntries
+		/// return number of non-nullptr dataEntries
 		size_t numDataEntries()const;
 
-		// return number of non-nullptr dictionaries
+		/// return number of non-nullptr dictionaries
 		size_t numDictionaries()const;
 
-		// return all keywords (non-nullptr) in this dictionary
+		/// return all keywords (non-nullptr) in this dictionary
 		wordList allKeywords()const;
 
-		// return a list of all dataEntries (non-nullptr) keywords
+		/// return a list of all dataEntries (non-nullptr) keywords
 		wordList dataEntryKeywords()const;
 
-		// return a list of all dictionary (non-null) keywords
+		/// return a list of all dictionary (non-null) keywords
 		wordList dictionaryKeywords()const;
 
-		// check if a sub-dictionary exists
+		/// check if a sub-dictionary exists
 		bool containsDictionay(const word& name)const;
 		
-		// check if a data entry exist
+		/// check if a data entry exist
 		bool containsDataEntry(const word& name)const;
 
-		// clone polymorphic object (here dictionary)
+		/// clone polymorphic object (here dictionary)
 		virtual uniquePtr<iEntry> clone() const;
 
 		virtual iEntry* clonePtr() const;
 
-		// - clone the polymorhpic object with parDict as the new parrent dictionary
+		/// clone the polymorhpic object with parDict as the new parrent dictionary
 		virtual uniquePtr<iEntry> clone(const dictionary& parDict)const;
 
 		virtual iEntry* clonePtr(const dictionary& parDict) const;
 
 
-	//// IO operations 
+	//// - IO operations 
 
-		// - read from stream
-		virtual bool read(iIstream& is);
+		/// read from stream
+		bool read(iIstream& is) override;
 
-		// - write to stream
-		virtual bool write(iOstream& os) const;
+		/// write to stream
+		bool write(iOstream& os) const override;
 
 };
 
@@ -282,6 +339,19 @@ bool dictionary::add(const word& keyword, const T& v )
 }
 
 
+template<typename T>
+bool dictionary::addOrKeep(const word& keyword, const T& v )
+{
+	if(!containsDataEntry(keyword))
+	{
+		uniquePtr<iEntry> ptr = makeUnique<dataEntry>(keyword, *this ,v);
+		return addPtr(keyword, ptr);
+	}
+	
+	return true;
+}
+
+
 template<typename T>
 bool dictionary::readDataEntry
 (
@@ -320,6 +390,26 @@ T dictionary::getVal
 	return val;
 }
 
+template<typename T>
+T dictionary::getValMax
+(
+	const word& keyword,
+	const T& maxVal
+)const 
+{
+	return max(getVal<T>(keyword), maxVal);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+T dictionary::getValMin
+(
+	const word& keyword, 
+	const T& minVal
+)const
+{
+	return min(getVal<T>(keyword), minVal);
+}
+
 template<typename T>
 T dictionary::getValOrSet
 (
@@ -338,7 +428,30 @@ T dictionary::getValOrSet
 	}
 }
 
+template<typename T>
+T dictionary::getValOrSetMax(const word& keyword, const T& setMaxVal)const
+{
+	return max(getValOrSet(keyword, setMaxVal), setMaxVal);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+T dictionary::getValOrSetMin(const word& keyword, const T& setMinVal)const
+{
+	return min(getValOrSet(keyword, setMinVal), setMinVal);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline bool dictionary::addOrReplace
+(
+    const word &keyword, 
+    const T &v
+)
+{
+    uniquePtr<iEntry> ptr = makeUnique<dataEntry>(keyword, *this ,v);
+    return addPtr(keyword, ptr, false);
 }
 
 
+} // pFlow
+
 #endif // __dictionary_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/entry/dataEntry.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/entry/dataEntry.cpp
index 8eb33525..ab7131ea 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/entry/dataEntry.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/entry/dataEntry.cpp
@@ -121,6 +121,9 @@ bool pFlow::dataEntry::writeDataEntry
 			}
 			else
 			{
+				
+				if(tok != tokens.cbegin())os<<spaceToken();
+
 				os << *tok;	
 			}
 			lastPuncBegin = true;
@@ -141,6 +144,7 @@ bool pFlow::dataEntry::writeDataEntry
 		}
 		else
 		{
+			
 			if(!lastPuncBegin&&applySpace) os<<spaceToken();
 			os << *tok;
 			lastPuncEnd = false;
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/entry/dataEntry.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/entry/dataEntry.hpp
index 76a6d793..d7c29447 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/entry/dataEntry.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/entry/dataEntry.hpp
@@ -36,7 +36,15 @@ namespace pFlow
 
 class dictionary;
 
-
+/**
+ * Data entry to be used in dictionries. Its format is:
+ * 
+ * ```
+ * entryName   value;
+ * 
+ * entryName2  (list of values);
+ * ```
+ */
 class dataEntry
 :
 	public iEntry
@@ -46,19 +54,19 @@ protected:
 
 	//// - data memebers
 
-		// - ref to parrent dictionary
+		/// ref to parrent dictionary
 		const dictionary& parDict_;
 
-		// - list the tokens as input token stream
+		/// list the tokens as input token stream
 		iTstream tokenStream_;
 
 
 	//// - protected member functions
 
-		// - read dataEntry from stream
+		/// read dataEntry from stream
 		bool readDataEntry(iIstream& is);
 
-		// - write dataEntry to stream
+		/// write dataEntry to stream
 		bool writeDataEntry(iOstream& os) const;
 
 public:
@@ -67,57 +75,57 @@ public:
 
 	//// - constructors
 
-		// - construct null dataEntry
+		/// construct null dataEntry
 		dataEntry();
 
-		// - construct from keyword and parDict, empty dataEntry
+		/// construct from keyword and parDict, empty dataEntry
 		dataEntry(const word& keyword, const dictionary& parDict);
 
-		// - construct from keyword, parDict and input token stream
+		/// construct from keyword, parDict and input token stream
 		dataEntry(const word& keyWord, const dictionary& parDict, const iTstream& is);
 
 		//- construct from keyword, parDict and input stream
 		dataEntry(const word& keyWord, const dictionary& parDict, iIstream& is);
 		
-		// - construct from keyword, parDict and a single token
+		/// construct from keyword, parDict and a single token
 		dataEntry(const word& keyword, const dictionary& parDict, const token& tok);
 
-		// - construct from keyword, parDict, and data of type T
+		/// construct from keyword, parDict, and data of type T
 		template<typename T>
 		dataEntry(const word& keyword, const dictionary& parDict, const T& v);
 
-		// - copy construct with new keyword and parDict
+		/// copy construct with new keyword and parDict
 		dataEntry(const word& keyword, const dictionary& parDict, const dataEntry& entry );
 		
-		// - copy construct
+		/// copy construct
 		dataEntry(const dataEntry& src )= default;
 
 
 	//// - Methods
 	
-		// - global name of entry, separated with dots
+		/// global name of entry, separated with dots
 		virtual word globalName()const;
 
 		
-		// - access to token stream
+		/// access to token stream
 		virtual iTstream& stream();
 
-		// - not permited to be called
+		/// not permited to be called
 		virtual dictionary* dictPtr();
 		
-		// - not permited to be called
+		/// not permited to be called
 		virtual const dictionary* dictPtr() const;
 		
-		// - should returen false;
+		/// should returen false;
 		virtual bool isDictionary()const;
 		
-		// - const ref to parrent dictionary 
+		/// const ref to parrent dictionary 
 		virtual const dictionary& parrentDict() const;
 
-		// - not permited to be called
+		/// not permited to be called
 		virtual dictionary& dict();
 
-		// - not permited to be called
+		/// not permited to be called
 		virtual const dictionary& dict() const;
 
 		// clone the object
@@ -132,10 +140,10 @@ public:
 
 	//// - IO operations 
 
-		// - read from stream
+		/// read from stream
 		virtual bool read(iIstream& is);
 
-		// - write to stream
+		/// write to stream
 		virtual bool write(iOstream& os) const;
 
 };
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/entry/iEntry.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/entry/iEntry.hpp
index c2e3bfa4..359131d4 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/entry/iEntry.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/entry/iEntry.hpp
@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@ namespace pFlow
 
 class dictionary;
 
+/**
+ *  Interface calss for data entry and dictionary  
+ * 
+ */
 class iEntry
 {
 
@@ -42,10 +46,10 @@ public:
 	
 	//// - public static methods
 
-		// - read a keyword from stream 
+		/// read a keyword from stream 
 		static bool readKeyword(iIstream &is, word& keyword, token& tok );
 
-		// - create an entry (dataEntry or dictionary) from stream 
+		/// create an entry (dataEntry or dictionary) from stream 
 		static bool createEntry(dictionary& parDict, iIstream& is, bool hasBlockToken = false);
 
 protected:
@@ -57,41 +61,42 @@ protected:
 
 public:
 	
-
+	/// Type info
 	TypeInfo("iEntry");
 
 	//// - Constructors
 
-		// - empty constructor
+		/// empty constructor
 		iEntry()
 		{}
 
-		// - construct with a keyword
+		/// construct with a keyword
 		iEntry(const word& key)
 		{
 			// this moved here due to a very strange core dumped error!
 			keyword_ = key;
 		}
 
-		// - destructor
+		/// destructor
 		virtual ~iEntry()
 		{}
 
 
 	//// - Methods
 
-		// - return keyword
+		/// return keyword
 		virtual const word& keyword() const
 		{
 			return keyword_;
 		}
 
-		// - return keyword
+		/// return keyword
 		virtual word& keyword()
 		{
 			return keyword_;
 		}
 
+		/// name/keyword of entry 
 		virtual word name()const
 		{
 			return keyword();
@@ -100,49 +105,50 @@ public:
 		// global name of entry, separated with dots
 		virtual word globalName()const = 0;
 
-		// - pointer to this dictionary
+		/// pointer to this dictionary
 		virtual dictionary* dictPtr()
 		{
 			return nullptr;
 		}
 
-		// - const pointer to this dictionary
+		/// const pointer to this dictionary
 		virtual const dictionary* dictPtr() const
 		{
 			return nullptr;
 		}
 
-		// - if this is a dictionary
+		/// if this is a dictionary
 		virtual bool isDictionary() const
 		{
 			return false;
 		}
 
-		// - const ref to parrent dictionary 
+		/// const ref to parrent dictionary 
 		virtual const dictionary& parrentDict() const = 0;
 		
-		// - ref to this dictionary, if it is a dictionary
+		/// ref to this dictionary, if it is a dictionary
 		virtual dictionary& dict() = 0;
 
-		// - const ref to this dictionary, if it is a dicrionary
+		/// const ref to this dictionary, if it is a dicrionary
 		virtual const dictionary& dict() const = 0;
 
-		// clone the object
+		/// clone the object
 		virtual iEntry* clonePtr() const = 0;
 
 		virtual uniquePtr<iEntry> clone() const = 0;
 
-		// clone the object and change its ownership to parDict 
+		/// clone the object and change its ownership to parDict 
 		virtual iEntry* clonePtr(const dictionary& parDict) const = 0;
 
+		/// clone the object and change its ownership to parDict 
 		virtual uniquePtr<iEntry> clone(const dictionary& parDict)const = 0;
 
 	//// - IO operatoins
 
-		// read from stream
+		/// read from stream
 		virtual bool read(iIstream& is) = 0;
 
-		// write to stream
+		/// write to stream
 		virtual bool write(iOstream& os) const =0;
 
 };
@@ -150,11 +156,10 @@ public:
 
 iOstream& operator << (iOstream& os, const iEntry& e);
 
-
 iIstream& operator >> (iIstream& is, iEntry& e);
 
 
-}
+} // pFlow
 
 
 #endif //__iEntry_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/fileDictionary.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/fileDictionary.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0b4eb37c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/fileDictionary.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#include "fileDictionary.hpp"
+
+
+pFlow::fileDictionary::fileDictionary
+(
+    const objectFile & of, 
+    repository* owner
+)
+:
+    IOobject
+    (
+        of, 
+        IOPattern::AllProcessorsSimilar, 
+        owner
+    ),
+    dictionary
+    (
+        of.name(), 
+        true
+    )
+{
+    dictionary::name_ = IOobject::path().wordPath();
+    if(!IOobject::readObject())
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<<
+        "Error in reading from dictionary "<< globalName()<<endl;
+        fatalExit;
+    }
+}
+
+pFlow::fileDictionary::fileDictionary(const word &keyword, const fileSystem &file)
+:
+    fileDictionary
+    (
+        objectFile
+        (
+            keyword,
+            file,
+            objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
+            objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
+        ),
+        nullptr
+    )
+{}
+
+pFlow::fileDictionary::fileDictionary
+(
+    const objectFile &objf, 
+    const dictionary &dict, 
+    repository *owner
+)
+:
+    IOobject
+    (
+        objectFile
+        (
+            objf.name(),
+            objf.localPath(),
+            objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+            objf.wFlag()
+        ), 
+        IOPattern::AllProcessorsSimilar, 
+        owner
+    ),
+    dictionary(dict, true)
+{
+    dictionary::name_ = IOobject::path().wordPath();
+}
+
+bool pFlow::fileDictionary::read(iIstream &is, const IOPattern &iop)
+{
+    return dictionary::read(is);
+}
+
+bool pFlow::fileDictionary::write(iOstream &os, const IOPattern &iop) const
+{
+    return dictionary::write(os);
+}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/fileDictionary.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/fileDictionary.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a74c989e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/fileDictionary.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __fileDictionary_hpp__
+#define __fileDictionary_hpp__
+
+#include "dictionary.hpp"
+#include "IOobject.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class fileDictionary
+:
+    public IOobject,
+    public dictionary
+{
+public:
+
+    TypeInfo("fileDictionary");
+
+    /// construct an empty dictionary with keyword and make it global/fileDictionary
+	fileDictionary(const objectFile & of, repository* owner = nullptr);
+
+	/// construct a dictionary with name and read it from file 
+	fileDictionary(const word& keyword, const fileSystem& file);
+
+  fileDictionary(
+    const objectFile& objf, 
+    const dictionary& dict, 
+    repository* owner=nullptr);
+
+    using dictionary::read;
+    using dictionary::write;
+
+    /// read from stream 
+    bool read(iIstream& is, const IOPattern& iop) override;
+
+	/// write to stream
+	
+    bool write(iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop) const override;
+
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif //__fileDictionary_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/eventManagement/eventManagement.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/eventManagement/eventManagement.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3b07b2be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/eventManagement/eventManagement.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#ifndef __eventManagement_hpp__
+#define __eventManagement_hpp__
+
+#include "subscriber.hpp"
+#include "observer.hpp"
+#include "pointMessage.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+using pointSubcriber = subscriber<pointMessage>
+
+}
+
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/eventManagement/message.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/eventManagement/message.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0593221a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/eventManagement/message.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __message_hpp__
+#define __message_hpp__
+
+#include <bitset>
+#include <array>
+
+#include "types.hpp"
+#include "iOstream.hpp"
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class message
+{
+public:
+	enum EVENT : size_t
+	{
+		DEFAULT 		= 0,
+		CAP_CHANGED 	= 1,  // internal points capacity changed 
+		SIZE_CHANGED 	= 2,  // internal points size changed
+		ITEM_DELETE	 	= 3,  // internal points item deleted 
+		ITEM_INSERT  	= 4,  // internal points item inserted 
+		RANGE_CHANGED   = 5,  // internal points range changed 
+		ITEM_REARRANGE  = 6,  // internal points item rearrange
+		ITEM_FLAGCHANGED= 7,  // internal points item flag changed, this occurs when transfer occurs
+		BNDR_REARRANGE 	= 8,  // boundary indices rearrange 
+		BNDR_TRANSFER   = 9,  // boundary indices transfered
+		BNDR_RESET		= 10,  // boundary indices reset entirely  
+		BNDR_DELETE 	= 11,  // boundary indices deleted
+		BNDR_APPEND		= 12,  // 
+		BNDR_PROCTRANSFER_SEND = 13,    // transfer of data between processors step 1 
+		BNDR_PROCTRANSFER_RECIEVE = 14,  // transfer of data between processors step 2
+		BNDR_PROCTRANSFER_WAITFILL = 15,  // wait for data and fill the field 
+		BNDR_PROC_SIZE_CHANGED = 16
+	};
+
+	
+private:
+
+	static constexpr size_t numberOfEvents_ = 17;
+
+	std::bitset<numberOfEvents_> events_{0x0000};
+	
+	static
+	inline const std::array<word,numberOfEvents_> eventNames_
+	{
+		"",
+		"capacity",
+		"size",
+		"deletedIndices",
+		"insertedIndices",
+		"range",
+		"rearrangedIndices",
+		"transferredIndices",
+		"rearrangedIndices",
+		"transferredIndices",
+		"",
+		"deletedIndices",
+		"appendedIndices",
+		"transferredIndices",
+		"numToRecieve",
+		"insertedIndices",
+		"size"
+	};
+
+public:
+
+	message()=default;
+
+	message(EVENT evnt)
+	{
+		add(evnt);
+	}
+
+	message(size_t i )
+	{
+		if(i<numberOfEvents_)
+		{
+			events_.set(i);
+		}
+	}
+
+	message(const message&) = default;
+
+	message(message&&) = default;
+
+	message& operator=(const message&) = default;
+
+	message& operator=(message&&) = default;
+
+	~message()=default;
+
+	inline message& add( EVENT evnt)
+	{
+		events_.set(static_cast<size_t>(evnt));
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	inline const word& addAndName(EVENT evnt)
+	{
+		add(evnt);
+		return eventName(static_cast<size_t>(evnt));
+	}
+
+	inline message& remove(EVENT evnt)
+	{
+		events_.set(static_cast<size_t>(evnt), false);
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	inline bool equivalentTo( EVENT evnt )const
+	{
+		return equivalentTo(static_cast<size_t>(evnt));
+	}
+
+	inline bool equivalentTo(size_t i)const
+	{
+		return events_.test(i);
+	}
+
+	inline bool isNull()const
+	{
+		return events_.none();
+	}
+
+	inline auto size()const
+	{
+		return events_.size();
+	}
+
+	inline
+	message& operator+(EVENT evnt)
+	{
+		return add(evnt);
+	}
+
+	inline
+	message& operator-(EVENT evnt)
+	{
+		return remove(evnt);
+	}
+
+	inline 
+	message& operator+(const message& msg)
+	{
+		for(size_t i=0uL; i< events_.size(); i++)
+		{
+			if(msg.equivalentTo(i))
+			{
+				events_.set(i);
+			}
+		}
+		return *this;
+	}
+	
+	static
+	auto constexpr numEvents()
+	{
+		return numberOfEvents_;
+	}
+	static 
+	message Default()
+	{
+		message msg;
+		return msg+DEFAULT;
+	}
+
+	static 
+	message Empty()	
+	{
+		message msg;
+		return msg;
+	}
+
+	static
+	const word& eventName(size_t event)
+	{
+		return eventNames_[event];
+	}
+	
+};
+
+inline
+iOstream& operator<<(iOstream& os, const message& msg)
+{
+	for(size_t i=msg.size(); i>0; i--)
+	{
+		os<< msg.equivalentTo(i-1)? '1':0;
+	}
+	os<<endl;
+
+	return os;
+}
+
+inline
+message operator + (message::EVENT evnt1, message::EVENT evnt2)
+{
+	message msg = message::Empty().add(evnt1).add(evnt2);
+	return msg;
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif // __eventMessage_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/eventManagement/observer.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/eventManagement/observer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d7bf299a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/eventManagement/observer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "observer.hpp"
+#include "subscriber.hpp"
+
+const pFlow::subscriber *pFlow::observer::changeSubscriber(const subscriber *newSub)
+{
+	const subscriber* old = subscriber_;
+	subscriber_ = newSub;
+    return old;
+}
+
+pFlow::observer::observer(message msg) : subscriber_(nullptr),
+                                         message_(msg)
+{}
+
+pFlow::observer::observer
+(
+	const subscriber* subscrbr,
+	message msg
+)
+{
+	addToSubscriber(subscrbr, msg);
+}
+
+pFlow::observer::~observer()
+{
+	if(subscriber_)
+		subscriber_->unsubscribe(this);
+	invalidateSubscriber();
+}
+
+pFlow::observer &pFlow::observer::addEvent(message::EVENT event)
+{
+    if( !message_.equivalentTo(event) )
+	{
+		message_.add(event);
+		if(!subscriber_->subscribe(message(event),this))
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"error when subcribing event from observer "<<endl;
+			fatalExit;
+		}
+	}
+	return *this;
+}
+
+void pFlow::observer::addToSubscriber
+(
+	const subscriber* subscrbr, 
+	message msg
+)
+{
+	if(subscriber_)
+		subscriber_->unsubscribe(this);
+	invalidateSubscriber();
+
+	subscriber_ = subscrbr;
+	message_ = msg;
+
+	if(subscriber_)
+	{
+		if(!subscriber_->subscribe(message_, this))
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"error in subscribing an observer"<<endl;
+			fatalExit;
+		}
+	}	
+}
+
+bool pFlow::observer::addToSubscriber(const subscriber& subscrbr)
+{
+	if(subscriber_)
+		subscriber_->unsubscribe(this);
+	invalidateSubscriber();
+
+	subscriber_ = &subscrbr;
+	return subscriber_->subscribe(message_, this);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/eventManagement/observer.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/eventManagement/observer.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0c193f4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/eventManagement/observer.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+
+#ifndef __observer_hpp__
+#define __observer_hpp__
+
+#include "message.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class subscriber;
+class anyList;
+
+class observer
+{
+private:
+	
+
+	/// pointer to subscriber 
+	const subscriber* 	subscriber_ = nullptr;
+	
+	/// list of events in the message 
+	message 			message_;
+
+	friend subscriber;
+	
+	const subscriber* changeSubscriber(const subscriber* newSub);
+
+	inline void invalidateSubscriber()
+	{
+		subscriber_ = nullptr;
+	}
+
+public:
+
+	observer(message msg);
+
+	observer(
+		const subscriber* subscrbr, 
+		message msg);
+
+	virtual 
+	~observer();
+
+	void subscribe(
+		const subscriber* subscrbr, 
+		message msg);
+	
+	observer& addEvent(message::EVENT event);
+
+	inline 
+	bool subscribed()const 
+	{
+		return subscriber_!=nullptr;
+	}
+
+	void addToSubscriber(
+		const subscriber* subscrbr, 
+		message msg);
+
+	bool addToSubscriber(const subscriber& subscriber);
+	
+	
+
+	static
+	constexpr auto numEvents()
+	{
+		return message::numEvents();
+	} 
+
+	virtual bool hearChanges(
+		real t,
+		real dt,
+		uint32 iter,
+		const message& msg, 
+		const anyList& varList)=0;
+};
+
+} // pFlow
+
+
+#endif // __observer_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/eventManagement/subscriber.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/eventManagement/subscriber.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..75ec485c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/eventManagement/subscriber.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+
+#include "subscriber.hpp"
+#include "anyList.hpp"
+#include "observer.hpp"
+#include "message.hpp"
+
+pFlow::subscriber::subscriber(const subscriber & src)
+:
+	subName_(src.subName_)
+{
+}
+
+pFlow::subscriber::subscriber(subscriber && src)
+:
+	observerList_(std::move(src.observerList_)),
+	subName_(std::move(src.subName_))
+{
+	
+	for(size_t i=0; i<observerList_.size(); i++)
+	{
+		for( auto obsvr: observerList_[i] )
+		{
+			if(obsvr) obsvr->changeSubscriber(this);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+pFlow::subscriber &pFlow::subscriber::operator=(const subscriber & rhs)
+{
+    this->subName_ = rhs.subName_;
+	return *this;
+}
+
+pFlow::subscriber &pFlow::subscriber::operator=(subscriber && rhs)
+{
+    this->subName_ = std::move(rhs.subName_);
+	this->observerList_ = std::move(rhs.observerList_);
+
+	for(size_t i=0; i<observerList_.size(); i++)
+	{
+		for( auto obsvr: observerList_[i] )
+		{
+			if(obsvr) obsvr->changeSubscriber(this);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return *this;
+}	
+
+pFlow::subscriber::~subscriber()
+{
+	for(size_t i=0; i<observerList_.size(); i++)
+	{
+		for( auto obsvr: observerList_[i] )
+		{
+			if(obsvr)
+			{
+				obsvr->invalidateSubscriber();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+bool pFlow::subscriber::subscribe
+(
+	message 	msg,
+	observer* 	obsevr
+)const
+{
+	// do not subscribe nullptr 
+	if(!obsevr)return false;
+
+	for(size_t i=0; i<msg.size(); i++)
+	{
+		if(msg.equivalentTo(i))
+		{
+			if(!observerList_[i].search(obsevr))
+			{
+				observerList_[i].push_back(obsevr);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::subscriber::unsubscribe
+(
+	observer* obsrvr
+)const
+{
+	if(obsrvr)
+	{
+		for(size_t i=0; i<observerList_.size(); i++)
+		{
+			if( auto iter = observerList_[i].find(obsrvr); iter!= observerList_[i].end())
+			{
+				(*iter)->invalidateSubscriber();
+				observerList_[i].erase(iter);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::subscriber::notify
+(
+	uint32 iter,
+	real t,
+	real dt,
+	const message msg, 
+	const anyList& varList
+)
+{
+	
+	for(size_t i=0; i<msg.size(); i++)
+	{
+		if(msg.equivalentTo(i))
+		{
+			for( auto obsvr: observerList_[i] )
+			{
+				obsvr->hearChanges
+				(
+					t,
+					dt,
+					iter,
+					message(i),
+					varList
+				);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::subscriber::notify(const timeInfo &ti, const message msg, const anyList &varList)
+{
+    return notify(ti.iter(), ti.t(), ti.dt(), msg, varList);
+}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/eventManagement/subscriber.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/eventManagement/subscriber.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..82b368fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/eventManagement/subscriber.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __subscriber_hpp__
+#define __subscriber_hpp__
+
+
+
+#include <array>
+
+#include "List.hpp"
+#include "message.hpp"
+#include "timeInfo.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class observer;
+class anyList;
+
+class subscriber
+{
+private:
+
+	// - list of subsribed objectd that recieve updage messages 
+	mutable std::array<List<observer*>,message::numEvents()> observerList_;
+
+	word subName_;
+
+public:
+
+	subscriber(const word& name)
+	:
+		subName_(name)
+	{}
+
+	/// Copy constructor, only copies the name, not the list 
+	subscriber(const subscriber&);
+
+	/// @brief Move constructor, moves the name and the list,
+	/// also change the subriber of the object in the list 
+	subscriber(subscriber&&);
+
+	/// Copy assignemnt, only assign the name, do not assign the list 
+	subscriber& operator = (const subscriber&);
+
+	/// @brief Move assignment, move assign name and list,
+	/// also change the subcriber of the object in the list 
+	subscriber& operator = (subscriber&&);
+
+	virtual ~subscriber();
+
+	virtual bool subscribe(message msg, observer* obsevr)const;
+
+	virtual bool unsubscribe(observer* obsevr)const;
+
+	bool notify(
+		uint32 iter,
+		real t,
+		real dt,
+		const message msg, 
+		const anyList& varList);
+	
+	bool notify(
+		const timeInfo& ti,
+		const message msg, 
+		const anyList& varList);
+	
+	const word& subscriberName()const
+	{
+		return subName_;
+	}
+
+};
+
+} // pFlow
+
+
+
+#endif // __eventSubscriber_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/eventSubscriber/eventMessage.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/eventSubscriber/eventMessage.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index cfd57ab6..00000000
--- a/src/phasicFlow/eventSubscriber/eventMessage.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
-#ifndef __eventMessage_hpp__
-#define __eventMessage_hpp__
-
-
-namespace pFlow
-{
-
-class eventMessage
-{
-public:
-	enum event : unsigned int
-	{
-		DELETE	 		= 1,
-		INSERT  		= 2,
-		REARRANGE  		= 4,
-		SIZE_CHANGED 	= 8,
-		CAP_CHANGED 	= 16,
-		RANGE_CHANGED   = 32
-	};
-
-protected:
-
-	 unsigned int message_;
-
-public:
-
-	eventMessage()
-	:
-		message_(0)
-	{}
-
-	eventMessage(unsigned int msg)
-	:
-		message_(msg)
-	{}
-
-	inline unsigned int get()const
-	{
-		return message_;
-	}
-
-	inline void set(unsigned int msg)
-	{
-		message_= msg;
-	}
-
-	inline void add(unsigned int msg)
-	{
-		message_ = message_+ msg;
-	}
-
-	inline bool equivalentTo( const event& evt )const
-	{
-		return (message_ & evt) == evt;
-	}
-
-	inline bool isNull()const
-	{
-		return message_ == 0u;
-	}	
-	inline bool isDeleted()const
-	{
-		return equivalentTo(event::DELETE);
-	}
-
-	inline bool isInsert()const
-	{
-		return equivalentTo(event::INSERT);
-	}
-
-	inline bool isRearranged()const
-	{
-		return equivalentTo(event::REARRANGE);
-	}
-
-	inline bool isSizeChanged()const
-	{
-		return equivalentTo(event::SIZE_CHANGED);
-	}
-
-	inline bool isCapacityChanged()const
-	{
-		return equivalentTo(event::CAP_CHANGED);
-	}
-
-	inline bool isRangeChanged()const
-	{
-		return equivalentTo(event::RANGE_CHANGED);
-	}
-
-};
-
-}
-
-#endif // __eventMessage_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/eventSubscriber/eventSubscriber.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/eventSubscriber/eventSubscriber.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 2b187cde..00000000
--- a/src/phasicFlow/eventSubscriber/eventSubscriber.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
-#include "eventSubscriber.hpp"
-#include "Set.hpp"
-
-pFlow::eventSubscriber::~eventSubscriber()
-{
-	for(auto& observer:observerList_)
-	{
-		observer->invalidateSubscriber();
-	}
-}
-
-bool pFlow::eventSubscriber::subscribe
-(
-	eventObserver* observer
-)const
-{
-	if(observer)
-	{
-		observerList_.push_back(observer);
-		return true;
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		return false;
-	}
-}
-
-bool pFlow::eventSubscriber::unsubscribe
-(
-	eventObserver* observer
-)const
-{
-	if(observer)
-	{
-		observerList_.remove(observer);
-	}
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool pFlow::eventSubscriber::notify
-(
-	const eventMessage &msg
-)
-{
-	for ( auto& observer:observerList_ )
-	{
-		if(observer)
-			if( !observer->update(msg) ) return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool pFlow::eventSubscriber::notify
-(
-	const eventMessage& msg,
-	const List<eventObserver*>& exclutionList
-)
-{
-	Set<eventObserver*> sortedExcList(exclutionList.begin(),exclutionList.end());
-
-	for(auto& observer:observerList_)
-	{
-		if( observer && sortedExcList.count(observer) == 0 )
-		{
-			if(!observer->update(msg)) return false;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/fileSystem/fileSystem.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/fileSystem/fileSystem.cpp
index 0e82fe80..8cccf447 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/fileSystem/fileSystem.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/fileSystem/fileSystem.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Licence:
 
 #include "fileSystem.hpp"
 #include "error.hpp"
-#include "iOstream.hpp"
+#include "streams.hpp"
 
 
 bool pFlow::fileSystem::checkFileName(const word& name)
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ bool pFlow::fileSystem::checkFileName(const word& name)
 		"Invalid file name supplied " << name <<
 		"the following characters are not allowd: " <<
 		notPermittedCharsFile << endl;
-		fatalExit;
 		return false;
 	}
 
@@ -41,14 +40,25 @@ bool pFlow::fileSystem::checkFileName(const word& name)
 }
 
 
+/// From full path 
+pFlow::fileSystem::fileSystem(const word & wPath)
+:
+	path_(wPath),
+	isDir_(std::filesystem::is_directory(path_))
+{
+	if( !isDir_ && !checkFileName(fileName()))
+	{
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+}
 
 pFlow::fileSystem::fileSystem( const word& dir, const word& file)
 {
 	isDir_ = file.empty();
 
-	if( !isDir_) 
+	if( !isDir_ && !checkFileName(file)) 
 	{
-		checkFileName(file);
+		fatalExit;
 	}
 
 	try
@@ -74,10 +84,9 @@ pFlow::fileSystem::fileSystem( const char* dir, const char* file)
 
 pFlow::fileSystem::fileSystem( const pathType& path )
 :
-	path_(path)
-{
-	isDir_ = isDirectory(*this);
-}
+	path_(path),
+	isDir_(std::filesystem::is_directory(path_))
+{}
 
 pFlow::fileSystem pFlow::fileSystem::dirPath() const
 {
@@ -158,6 +167,11 @@ pFlow::fileSystem pFlow::fileSystem::canonical
 	return res;
 }
 
+pFlow::fileSystem pFlow::fileSystem::relative(const fileSystem &base)const
+{
+    return fileSystem( std::filesystem::relative(path_, base.path_));
+}
+
 bool pFlow::fileSystem::dirExist
 (
 ) const
@@ -175,9 +189,7 @@ bool pFlow::fileSystem::dirExist
 	
 }
 
-bool pFlow::fileSystem::exist
-(
-)const
+bool pFlow::fileSystem::exist()const
 {
 	try
 	{
@@ -232,7 +244,10 @@ pFlow::fileSystem pFlow::fileSystem::operator()
 
 void pFlow::fileSystem::operator += (const word& fileName)
 {
-	checkFileName(fileName);
+	if(!checkFileName(fileName))
+	{
+		fatalExit;
+	}
 
 	if( isDir())
 	{
@@ -267,12 +282,21 @@ pFlow::fileSystem pFlow::operator /
 	const fileSystem& fs2 
 )
 {
-	fileSystem::pathType cmbPath(fs1.dirPath().path_ / fs2.dirPath().path_);
+	fileSystem::pathType cmbPath(fs1.dirPath().path_ / fs2.path_);
 
 	return fileSystem( cmbPath.c_str() );
 
 }
 
+pFlow::fileSystem pFlow::operator /
+(
+	const fileSystem& fs1,
+	const word& dir2 
+)
+{
+	return fs1/fileSystem(dir2, "");
+}
+
 pFlow::fileSystem pFlow::operator +
 (
 	const fileSystem& fs1,
@@ -284,13 +308,13 @@ pFlow::fileSystem pFlow::operator +
 	return path;
 }
 
-pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::operator << (iOstream& os, fileSystem fs)
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::operator << (iOstream& os, const fileSystem& fs)
 {
 	os << fs.path_.c_str();
 	return os;
 }
 
-std::ostream& pFlow::operator << (std::ostream& os, fileSystem fs)
+std::ostream& pFlow::operator << (std::ostream& os, const fileSystem& fs)
 {
 	os << fs.path_.c_str();
 	return os;
@@ -321,7 +345,7 @@ pFlow::fileSystemList pFlow::subDirectories
 		auto dOps = std::filesystem::directory_options::skip_permission_denied;
 		for( auto& subPath: std::filesystem::directory_iterator(path.path(), dOps) )
 		{
-			if(isDirectory( subPath.path() ) )
+			if(isDirectory( fileSystem(subPath.path()) ) )
 			{
 				dirs.emplace_back(subPath.path());
 			}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/fileSystem/fileSystem.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/fileSystem/fileSystem.hpp
index 655bc0e8..61b97ca1 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/fileSystem/fileSystem.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/fileSystem/fileSystem.hpp
@@ -29,21 +29,20 @@ Licence:
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-
+// - Forward 
 class iOstream;
-class ostream;
 class fileSystem;
 
 iOstream& operator <<
 (
 	iOstream& os,
-	fileSystem fs
+	const fileSystem& fs
 );
 
 std::ostream& operator <<
 (
 	std::ostream& os,
-	fileSystem fs
+	const fileSystem& fs
 );
 
 
@@ -51,7 +50,13 @@ fileSystem operator /
 (
 	const fileSystem& fs1,
     const fileSystem& fs2
- );
+);
+
+fileSystem operator /
+(
+	const fileSystem& fs1,
+    const word& dir2
+);
 
 fileSystem operator +
 (
@@ -59,29 +64,40 @@ fileSystem operator +
 	const word fName
 );
 
-// a class to manage file/directory names 
+/**
+ * Manages file pathes, manupulate and combines them. 
+ * 
+ */
 class fileSystem
 {
+public:
+	
+	using 	pathType = std::filesystem::path;
+
 protected:
 	
-	std::filesystem::path path_;
-	bool isDir_;
-
-
-	// protected static variables
-	inline static word notPermittedCharsFile = word(" ") + word("\t\n\0;:?*/<>\"?\'");
+	/// File path 
+	pathType 	path_;
 	
-	// protected methods 
+	/// Is this a directory path?
+	bool 		isDir_;
 
+
+	/// Not premitted chars in file name 	
+	inline static word notPermittedCharsFile = word(" ") + word("&\t\n;:?*/<>\"?\'");
+	
+	/// Is name is valid for a file? 
 	bool static validFileName(const word& name)
 	{
-		return name.find_first_of(notPermittedCharsFile);
+		return name.find_first_of(notPermittedCharsFile)==word::npos;
 	}
 
+	/// Is a valid file name?
 	bool static checkFileName(const word& name);
 
 public:
 
+	/// return current working directory 
 	inline static fileSystem CWD() 
 	{
 		return fileSystem(std::filesystem::current_path().c_str());
@@ -89,92 +105,111 @@ public:
 	
 public:
 
+	//// - Constructors 
 
-	typedef std::filesystem::path 	pathType;
+		/// Default
+		fileSystem():
+			path_(),
+			isDir_(true)
+		{}
 
+		/// From full path 
+		explicit
+		fileSystem(const word & wPath);
 
-	fileSystem():
-		path_(),
-		isDir_(true)
-	{}
-	// Constructors
-	fileSystem( const word& dir, const word& file = "");
-	fileSystem( const char* dir, const char* file = "");
-	fileSystem( const pathType& path );
+		/// From dir and file name 
+		fileSystem( const word& dir, const word& file);
+		
+		/// From dir and file name 
+		fileSystem( const char* dir, const char* file="");
 
-	fileSystem(const fileSystem&) = default;
+		/// Copy
+		explicit
+		fileSystem( const pathType& path );
+
+		/// Copy 
+		fileSystem(const fileSystem&) = default;
+		
+		/// Move 
+		fileSystem(fileSystem&&) = default;
+
+		/// Copy assignment 
+		fileSystem& operator = (const fileSystem&) = default;
+
+		/// Move assignment 
+		fileSystem& operator = (fileSystem&&) = default;
+
+		/// Destructor 
+		~fileSystem() = default;
 	
-	fileSystem(fileSystem&&) = default;
+	//// - Methods
+		
+		/// Is directory?
+		bool isDir() const
+		{
+			return isDir_;
+		}
+		
+		/// Const access to path
+		const pathType& path()const
+		{
+			return path_;
+		}
 
-	fileSystem& operator = (const fileSystem&) = default;
+		/// Path in word type 
+		word wordPath()const
+		{
+			return word(path_.c_str());
+		}
 
-	fileSystem& operator = (fileSystem&&) = default;
+		/// Dir part of the path 
+		fileSystem dirPath() const;
 
-	~fileSystem() = default;
+		/// File name part of the path (if any)
+		word fileName() const;
+
+		/// Absolute path of this
+		fileSystem absolute()const;
+
+
+		/// Canonical path of this (it should exist)
+		fileSystem canonical()const;
+
+		/// relative path of this this with respect to base
+		fileSystem relative(const fileSystem& base)const;
+
+		/// Only operate on dir path
+		/// Check if the dir path exists
+		bool dirExist()const;	
+
+		/// Check if the path exists
+		bool exist()const;
+
+		/// Operate on dir path only
+		/// Create dir based on the path and returns the canonical path
+		fileSystem createDirs()const;
+
+
+		/// If this is dir path, add the filename to dir path
+		/// if it is file path, replace the file name 
+		void operator += (const word& fileName);
+
+		/// It operates on dir path only
+		/// Add the dir path of fs to this 
+		void operator /=(const fileSystem& fs );
+
+		/// Create a dir path from dir path of fs1 and fas2 in the 
+		/// form of fs1/fs2 
+		friend fileSystem operator /(const fileSystem& fs1, const fileSystem& fs2 );
+
+
+		/// Return the dir path of this
+		fileSystem operator()(bool retDir = true) const;
 	
-	// Methods
-	bool isDir() const
-	{
-		return isDir_;
-	}
-	
-	const pathType& path()const
-	{
-		return path_;
-	}
+	//// - IO
+	friend iOstream& operator << (iOstream& os, const fileSystem& fs);
 
-	word wordPath()const
-	{
-		return word(path_.c_str());
-	}
-
-	// dir path of this
-	fileSystem dirPath() const;
-
-	// file name of this (if any)
-	word fileName() const;
-
-	// absolute path of this
-	fileSystem absolute()const;
-
-
-	//fileSystem relative()const;
-
-	// canonical path of this (it should exist)
-	fileSystem canonical()const;
-
-	// only operate on dir path
-	// check if the dir path exists
-	bool dirExist()const;	
-
-	// check if the path exists
-	bool exist()const;
-
-	// operate on dir path only
-	// create dir based on the path and returns the canonical path
-	fileSystem createDirs()const;
-
-
-	// if this is dir path, add the filename to dir path
-	// if it is file path, replace the file name 
-	void operator += (const word& fileName);
-
-	// it operates on dir path only
-	// it adds the dir path of fs to this 
-	void operator /=(const fileSystem& fs );
-
-	// Create a dir path from dir path of fs1 and fas2 in the 
-	// form of fs1/fs2 
-	friend fileSystem operator /(const fileSystem& fs1, const fileSystem& fs2 );
-
-
-	// return the dir path of this
-	fileSystem operator()(bool retDir = true) const;
-	
-
-	friend iOstream& operator << (iOstream& os, fileSystem fs);
-
-	friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& os, fileSystem fs);
+	friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& os, const fileSystem& fs);
 	
 };
 
@@ -182,18 +217,22 @@ public:
 using fileSystemList = List<fileSystem>;
 
 
-
+/// Free function to reture current working directory 
 inline fileSystem CWD()
 {
 	return fileSystem::CWD();
 }
 
+/// Free function to check if the path is dir path
 bool isDirectory(const fileSystem& path);
 
+/// free function to check if the path is regular file 
 bool isRegularFile(const fileSystem& path);
 
+/// A list of sub-directories that exist in path. 
 fileSystemList subDirectories(const fileSystem& path);
 
+/// A list of file paths that exist in the path.
 fileSystemList containingFiles(const fileSystem& path);
 
 } // pFlow
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/globals/boundaryConfigs.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/globals/boundaryConfigs.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..11574957
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/globals/boundaryConfigs.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#ifndef __boundaryConfigs_hpp__
+#define __boundaryConfigs_hpp__
+
+
+#ifndef BoundaryModel1
+//#define BoundaryModel1
+#endif
+
+
+#endif //__boundaryConfigs_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/globals/error.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/globals/error.cpp
index 0f9cde3d..9135c69b 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/globals/error.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/globals/error.cpp
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
@@ -21,76 +21,106 @@ Licence:
 #include <iostream>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
+#include <Kokkos_Core.hpp>
+
 #include "error.hpp"
+#include "processors.hpp"
 #include "streams.hpp"
 
+// static pFlow::Ostream& errorStream   = pFlow::errReport;
 
-static pFlow::Ostream& errorStream   = pFlow::errReport;
+static pFlow::Ostream& errorStream = pFlow::pOutput;
 
-
-pFlow::iOstream& fatalErrorMessage(const char* fileName, int linNumber )
-{	
-	
-	errorStream<<"\n>>> Fatal error in phasicFlow\n" <<
-				 "Error occured in source file "<< redText(fileName) <<
-				 " at line "<<redText(linNumber)<<'\n';
-	return errorStream;
-
-}
-
-pFlow::iOstream& fatalErrorInMessage(const char* fnName, const char* fileName, int linNumber )
-{	
-
-	errorStream<<"\n>>> Fatal error in phasicFlow\n" <<
-	 			 " Error is issued in function " << redText(fnName)<<
-	 			 ", located in file "<< redText(fileName) <<
-	             " at line "<< redText(linNumber) << '\n';
-	return errorStream;
-}
-
-pFlow::iOstream& notImplementedErrorMessage(const char*fnName, const char* fileName, int lineNumber)
+pFlow::iOstream&
+fatalErrorMessage(const char* fileName, int linNumber)
 {
-
-	errorStream<<"\n>>> Fatal error in phasicFlow\n";
-	errorStream<<" Function "<< redText(fnName) << " has not implmented yet!\n" <<
-				 " Function definition is in source file "<< redText(fileName) << 
-	             " at line "<< redText(lineNumber) <<'\n';
+	errorStream << "\n>>> Fatal error in phasicFlow\n"
+	            << "Error occured in source file " << Red_Text(fileName)
+	            << " at line " << Red_Text(linNumber) << '\n';
 	return errorStream;
 }
 
-
-pFlow::iOstream& ioErrorMessage(const char* fileName, int fileLineNumber, const char* fnName, const char* fName, int lNumber)
+pFlow::iOstream&
+fatalErrorInMessage(const char* fnName, const char* fileName, int linNumber)
 {
-	
-	errorStream<<"\n>>> Fatal IO file error\n"<<
-				 " IO error at number "<<redText(fileLineNumber)<<
-				 " of file " << redText(fileName)<<'\n';
-	errorStream<<" IO operation is peformed from function "<<redText(fnName) <<
-	             " in file "<< redText(fName)<< " at line "<< redText(lNumber) <<'\n';
+	errorStream << "\n>>> Fatal error in phasicFlow\n"
+	            << " Error is issued in function " << Red_Text(fnName)
+	            << ", located in file " << Red_Text(fileName) << " at line "
+	            << Red_Text(linNumber) << '\n';
 	return errorStream;
 }
 
-pFlow::iOstream& ioErrorMessage(const pFlow::word& fileName, int fileLineNumber, const char* fnName, const char* fName, int lNumber)
+pFlow::iOstream&
+notImplementedErrorMessage(
+  const char* fnName,
+  const char* fileName,
+  int         lineNumber
+)
 {
-	return ioErrorMessage( fileName.c_str(), fileLineNumber, fnName, fName, lNumber);
-}
-
-
-pFlow::iOstream& warningMessage(const char* fnName, const char* fileName, int linNumber )
-{
-	
-	errorStream<<"\n>>> Warning in phasicFlow\n"<<
-				 " Warning is issued in function " << yellowText(fnName)<<
-	             " in source file "<< yellowText(fileName) <<
-	             " at line "<< yellowText(linNumber) <<'\n';
+	errorStream << "\n>>> Fatal error in phasicFlow\n";
+	errorStream << " Function " << Red_Text(fnName)
+	            << " has not been implemented yet!\n"
+	            << " File " << Yellow_Text(fileName) << " at line "
+	            << Yellow_Text(lineNumber) << '\n';
 	return errorStream;
 }
 
-pFlow::iOstream& reportAndExit()
+pFlow::iOstream&
+ioErrorMessage(
+  const char* fileName,
+  int         fileLineNumber,
+  const char* fnName,
+  const char* fName,
+  int         lNumber
+)
 {
-	errorStream<<"\n>>> phasicFlow is exiting . . ." << pFlow::endl;
-	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	errorStream << "\n>>> Fatal IO file error\n"
+	            << " IO error at number " << Red_Text(fileLineNumber)
+	            << " of file " << Red_Text(fileName) << '\n';
+	errorStream << " IO operation is peformed from function "
+	            << Red_Text(fnName) << " in file " << Red_Text(fName)
+	            << " at line " << Red_Text(lNumber) << '\n';
 	return errorStream;
 }
 
+pFlow::iOstream&
+ioErrorMessage(
+  const pFlow::word& fileName,
+  int                fileLineNumber,
+  const char*        fnName,
+  const char*        fName,
+  int                lNumber
+)
+{
+	return ioErrorMessage(
+	  fileName.c_str(), fileLineNumber, fnName, fName, lNumber
+	);
+}
 
+pFlow::iOstream&
+warningMessage(const char* fnName, const char* fileName, int linNumber)
+{
+	errorStream << "\n>>> Warning in phasicFlow\n"
+	            << " Warning is issued in function " << Yellow_Text(fnName)
+	            << " in source file " << Yellow_Text(fileName) << " at line "
+	            << Yellow_Text(linNumber) << '\n';
+	return errorStream;
+}
+
+pFlow::iOstream&
+reportAndExit(int errorCode)
+{
+	errorStream << "\n>>> phasicFlow is exiting . . ." << pFlow::endl;
+	fatalExitPhasicFlow(errorCode);
+	return errorStream;
+}
+
+int
+fatalExitPhasicFlow(int errorCode)
+{
+	// Kokkos should be finalized first
+	Kokkos::finalize();
+
+	pFlow::processors::abort(errorCode);
+	return errorCode;
+}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/globals/error.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/globals/error.hpp
index 52f56157..7e16d379 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/globals/error.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/globals/error.hpp
@@ -2,67 +2,99 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
 #ifndef __error_hpp__
 #define __error_hpp__
 
-
 #include "builtinTypes.hpp"
 
-
+//- Forward decleartions
 namespace pFlow
 {
-	class iOstream;	
+class iOstream;
 }
 
+//- Decleartions
 
-// reports a fatal error and exit the applicaiton 
-#define fatalError \
-	fatalErrorMessage(__FILE__, __LINE__)
+/// Take actions to fatal exit phasicFlow
+int
+fatalExitPhasicFlow(int errorCode = EXIT_FAILURE);
 
-#define fatalErrorIn( functionName ) \
-	fatalErrorInMessage((functionName), __FILE__, __LINE__ )
+pFlow::iOstream&
+fatalErrorMessage(const char* fileName, int linNumber);
+pFlow::iOstream&
+fatalErrorInMessage(const char* fnName, const char* fileName, int linNumber);
+pFlow::iOstream&
+notImplementedErrorMessage(
+  const char* fnName,
+  const char* fileName,
+  int         lineNumber
+);
+pFlow::iOstream&
+ioErrorMessage(
+  const pFlow::word& fileName,
+  int                fileLineNumber,
+  const char*        fnName,
+  const char*        fName,
+  int                lNumber
+);
+pFlow::iOstream&
+ioErrorMessage(
+  const char* fileName,
+  int         fileLineNumber,
+  const char* fnName,
+  const char* fName,
+  int         lNumber
+);
+pFlow::iOstream&
+warningMessage(const char* fnName, const char* fileName, int linNumber);
+pFlow::iOstream&
+reportAndExit(int errorCode = EXIT_FAILURE);
 
+/// Report a fatal error and exit the applicaiton
+#define fatalError fatalErrorMessage(__FILE__, __LINE__)
+
+/// Report a fatal error and supplied function name and exit the application
+#define fatalErrorIn(functionName)                                             \
+	fatalErrorInMessage((functionName), __FILE__, __LINE__)
+
+/// Report a fatal error and function name and exit the application
 #define fatalErrorInFunction fatalErrorIn(FUNCTION_NAME)
 
-#define Not_Implemented(functionName) \
-    notImplementedErrorMessage ((functionName), __FILE__, __LINE__ )
-        
-#define notImplementedFunction Not_Implemented(FUNCTION_NAME);
+/// Report that a function is yet not implemented with supplied function name.
+#define Not_Implemented(functionName)                                          \
+	notImplementedErrorMessage((functionName), __FILE__, __LINE__)
 
-#define ioErrorInFile( fileName, lineNumber) \
-	ioErrorMessage( fileName, lineNumber, FUNCTION_NAME, __FILE__, __LINE__ )
+/// Report that a function is yet not implemented.
+#define notImplementedFunction Not_Implemented(FUNCTION_NAME)
 
-#define warningIn( functionName ) \
-	warningMessage((functionName), __FILE__, __LINE__ )
+/// Report an error in file operation with supplied fileName and lineNumber.
+#define ioErrorInFile(fileName, lineNumber)                                    \
+	ioErrorMessage(fileName, lineNumber, FUNCTION_NAME, __FILE__, __LINE__)
 
+/// Report a warning with supplied function name
+#define warningIn(functionName)                                                \
+	warningMessage((functionName), __FILE__, __LINE__)
+
+/// Report a warning
 #define warningInFunction warningIn(FUNCTION_NAME)
 
-#define fatalExit \
-	reportAndExit()
-
-pFlow::iOstream& fatalErrorMessage(const char* fileName, int linNumber );
-pFlow::iOstream& fatalErrorInMessage(const char* fnName, const char* fileName, int linNumber );
-pFlow::iOstream& notImplementedErrorMessage(const char*fnName, const char* fileName, int lineNumber);
-pFlow::iOstream& ioErrorMessage(const pFlow::word& fileName, int fileLineNumber, const char* fnName, const char* fName, int lNumber);
-pFlow::iOstream& ioErrorMessage(const char* fileName, int fileLineNumber, const char* fnName, const char* fName, int lNumber);
-pFlow::iOstream& warningMessage(const char* fnName, const char* fileName, int linNumber );
-pFlow::iOstream& reportAndExit();
+/// Fatal exit
+#define fatalExit reportAndExit()
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/globals/globalSettings.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/globals/globalSettings.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ced0f76a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/globals/globalSettings.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "globalSettings.hpp"
+
+
+
+const double pFlow::gSettings::vectorGrowthFactor__ = 1.1;
+
+void pFlow::gSettings::sleepMiliSeconds(int miliSeconds)
+{
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(miliSeconds));
+}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/globals/globalSettings.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/globals/globalSettings.hpp
index 64a17455..21dead3f 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/globals/globalSettings.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/globals/globalSettings.hpp
@@ -23,11 +23,12 @@ Licence:
 
 
 
-namespace pFlow
+namespace pFlow::gSettings
 {
 
-const inline double vectorGrowthFactor__ = 1.1;
+extern const double vectorGrowthFactor__;
 
+void sleepMiliSeconds(int miliSeconds);
 
 }
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/globals/pFlowMacros.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/globals/pFlowMacros.hpp
index fd3a5bf6..912cf4ff 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/globals/pFlowMacros.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/globals/pFlowMacros.hpp
@@ -37,6 +37,10 @@ Licence:
 
 #define CONSUME_PARAM(x) (void)(x);
 
+/*#if defined(pFlow_Build_Cuda) && !defined(__CUDACC__)
+#define __CUDACC__
+#endif*/
+
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
     #define INLINE_FUNCTION_HD inline __host__ __device__
     #define INLINE_FUNCTION_D  inline __device__
@@ -70,7 +74,7 @@ Licence:
 
 #define ForAll(i, container) for(auto i=0; i < container.size(); ++i)
 
-#ifdef USE_STD_PARALLEL_ALG
+#ifdef pFlow_STD_Parallel_Alg
 static inline const bool useStdParallel__ = true;
 #else
 static inline const bool useStdParallel__ = false;
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/globals/vocabs.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/globals/vocabs.hpp
index 8ac68538..9cb2c5bd 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/globals/vocabs.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/globals/vocabs.hpp
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
@@ -21,39 +21,36 @@ Licence:
 #ifndef __vocabs_hpp__
 #define __vocabs_hpp__
 
-
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-	// folders / repositories
-const inline char* settingsFolder__ 		= "settings";
-const inline char* settingsRepository__		= "settings";
-const inline char* caseSetupFolder__ 		= "caseSetup";
-const inline char* caseSetupRepository__	= "caseSetup";
-const inline char* geometryFolder__ 		= "geometry";
-const inline char* geometryRepository_      = "geometry";
-const inline char* integrationRepository__  = "integration";
-const inline char* integrationFolder__  	= "integration";
+// folders / repositories
+const inline char* const settingsFolder__        = "settings";
+const inline char* const settingsRepository__    = "settings";
+const inline char* const caseSetupFolder__       = "caseSetup";
+const inline char* const caseSetupRepository__   = "caseSetup";
+const inline char* const geometryFolder__        = "geometry";
+const inline char* const geometryRepository_     = "geometry";
+const inline char* const integrationRepository__ = "integration";
+const inline char* const integrationFolder__     = "integration";
 
 // file names
-const inline char* settingsFile__			= "settingsDict";
-const inline char* insertionFile__ 			= "particleInsertion";
-const inline char* sphereShapeFile__  		= "sphereShape";
-const inline char* pointStructureFile__ 	= "pStructure";
-const inline char* triSurfaceFile__ 		= "triSurface";
-const inline char* createParticles__		= "createParticles";
-const inline char* motionModelFile__        = "motionModel";
-const inline char* contactSearchFile__		= "contactSearch";
-const inline char* propertyFile__ 			= "interaction";
-const inline char* interactionFile__		= "interaction";
-const inline char* postprocessFile__    = "postprocessDict";
-
-
-const inline char* uniform__ 		= "uniform";
-const inline char* nonUniform__		= "nonUniform";
+const inline char* const settingsFile__       = "settingsDict";
+const inline char* const domainFile__         = "domainDict";
+const inline char* const insertionFile__      = "particleInsertion";
+const inline char* const shapeFile__          = "shapes";
+const inline char* const pointStructureFile__ = "pStructure";
+const inline char* const triSurfaceFile__     = "triSurface";
+const inline char* const createParticles__    = "createParticles";
+const inline char* const motionModelFile__    = "motionModel";
+const inline char* const contactSearchFile__  = "contactSearch";
+const inline char* const propertyFile__       = "interaction";
+const inline char* const interactionFile__    = "interaction";
+const inline char* const postprocessFile__    = "postprocessDict";
 
+const inline char* const uniform__    = "uniform";
+const inline char* const nonUniform__ = "nonUniform";
 
 }
 
-
 #endif // __vocabs_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/processors/MPITimer.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/processors/MPITimer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cfa55631
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/processors/MPITimer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#include "MPITimer.hpp"
+
+#ifdef pFlow_Build_MPI
+    #include "pFlowProcessors.hpp"
+    #include "procCommunication.hpp"
+#endif
+
+pFlow::real pFlow::MPITimer::totalTimeMax() const
+{
+    return accTimersTotalMax();
+}
+
+std::vector<pFlow::real> pFlow::MPITimer::totalTimeAllToAll() const
+{
+#ifdef pFlow_Build_MPI
+    MPI::procCommunication comm(pFlowProcessors());
+    auto [totTime, succs] = comm.collectAllToAll(totalTime());
+    return totTime;
+#else
+    return std::vector<real>(1, totalTime());
+#endif
+}
+
+std::vector<pFlow::real> pFlow::MPITimer::totalTimeAllToMaster() const
+{
+#ifdef pFlow_Build_MPI
+	MPI::procCommunication comm(pFlowProcessors());
+	auto [totTime, succs] = comm.collectAllToMaster(totalTime());
+	return totTime;
+#else
+		return std::vector<real>(1, totalTime());
+#endif
+}
+
+pFlow::real pFlow::MPITimer::averageTimeMax() const
+{
+    return Timer::averageTimeMax();
+}
+
+std::vector<pFlow::real> pFlow::MPITimer::averageTimeAllToAll() const
+{
+#ifdef pFlow_Build_MPI
+    MPI::procCommunication comm(pFlowProcessors());
+    auto [totTime, succs] = comm.collectAllToAll(averageTime());
+    return totTime;
+#else
+    return std::vector<real>(1, averageTime());
+#endif
+}
+
+std::vector<pFlow::real> pFlow::MPITimer::averageTimeAllAtoMaster() const
+{
+#ifdef pFlow_Build_MPI
+	MPI::procCommunication comm(pFlowProcessors());
+	auto [totTime, succs] = comm.collectAllToMaster(averageTime());
+	return totTime;
+#else
+		return std::vector<real>(1, averageTime());
+#endif
+}
+
+bool pFlow::MPITimer::write(iOstream &os) const
+{
+	const auto ts = totalTimeAllToAll();
+	auto maxloc = std::distance(ts.begin(), std::max_element(ts.begin(), ts.end()));
+	os<<'(';
+	for(auto i=0; i<ts.size(); i++)
+	{
+		if(maxloc == i)
+			os<<Red_Text(ts[i]);
+		else
+			os<<ts[i];
+		
+		if(i != ts.size()-1)
+			os<<' ';
+		else
+			os<<')'<<endl;
+	}
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static pFlow::MPITimer ComputationTimer__{"ComputationTimer"};
+
+pFlow::MPITimer &pFlow::ComputationTimer()
+{
+    return ComputationTimer__;
+}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/processors/MPITimer.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/processors/MPITimer.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a3d1f306
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/processors/MPITimer.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+
+
+#ifndef __MPITimer_hpp__
+#define __MPITimer_hpp__
+
+#include "Timer.hpp"
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class MPITimer
+:
+    public Timer
+{
+private:
+
+    // hiding methods
+    using Timer::accTimersTotal;
+    using Timer::averageTime;
+
+public:
+
+    TypeInfo("MPITimer");
+
+    explicit MPITimer(const word& name)
+	: 
+    Timer(name)
+	{}
+
+	
+    real totalTimeMax()const;
+
+    std::vector<real> totalTimeAllToAll()const;
+
+    std::vector<real> totalTimeAllToMaster()const;
+
+    real averageTimeMax()const;
+
+    std::vector<real> averageTimeAllToAll()const;
+
+    std::vector<real> averageTimeAllAtoMaster()const;
+
+    // call this from all processors in pFlowProcessors
+    bool write(iOstream& os)const;
+
+};
+
+MPITimer& ComputationTimer();
+
+}
+
+
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/processors/localProcessors.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/processors/localProcessors.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7b1067c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/processors/localProcessors.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+    O        C enter of
+   O O       E ngineering and
+  O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+ OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#include "localProcessors.hpp"
+
+pFlow::localProcessors::localProcessors(const word &name)
+:
+    processors(),
+    localSize_(processors::globalSize()),
+    localRank_(processors::globalRank()),
+    name_(name)
+{
+#ifdef pFlow_Build_MPI
+    parrentCommunicator_ = MPI_COMM_WORLD;
+    localCommunicator_ = MPI_COMM_WORLD;
+#endif
+
+}
+
+pFlow::localProcessors::localProcessors
+(
+    const word &name, 
+    const std::vector<int> &ranks
+)
+:
+    processors(),
+    name_(name)
+{
+#ifdef pFlow_Build_MPI
+    parrentCommunicator_ = MPI_COMM_WORLD;
+    
+    if(ranks.size()> this->globalSize() )
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<<
+        "the size of ranks is larger than parrent communicator size "<<endl;
+        fatalExit;
+    }
+
+    MPI_Group globalGroup;
+    MPI_Comm_group(parrentCommunicator_, &globalGroup);
+
+    MPI_Group localGroup;
+    MPI_Group_incl(globalGroup, ranks.size(), ranks.data(), &localGroup);
+ 
+    // Create the new communicator from that group of processes.
+    
+    CheckMPI( MPI_Comm_create(parrentCommunicator_, localGroup, &localCommunicator_), true);
+    
+    isPartOfLocal_ = localCommunicator_ != MPI_COMM_NULL;
+    
+    if(isPartOfLocal_)
+    {
+        MPI_Comm_set_name(localCommunicator_, name.c_str());
+
+        MPI_Comm_size(localCommunicator_, &localSize_);
+        MPI_Comm_rank(localCommunicator_, &localRank_);
+    }
+
+#else
+
+    if(ranks.size()> 1 )
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<< 
+        "rank size for processors should not be greater than 1.";
+        fatalExit;
+    }
+    localSize_ = processors::globalSize();
+    localRank_ = processors::globalRank();
+
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef pFlow_Build_MPI
+
+pFlow::localProcessors::localProcessors
+(
+    MPI_Comm parrentComm, 
+    const word &name, 
+    const std::vector<int> &ranks
+)
+:
+    processors(),
+    name_(name)
+{
+    parrentCommunicator_ = parrentComm;
+    
+    int parSize;
+
+    MPI_Comm_size(parrentCommunicator_, &parSize);
+
+    if(ranks.size()> parSize )
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<<
+        "the size of ranks is larger than parrent communicator size "<<endl;
+        fatalExit;
+    }
+
+    MPI_Group parGroup;
+    MPI_Comm_group(parrentCommunicator_, &parGroup);
+
+    MPI_Group localGroup;
+    MPI_Group_incl(parGroup, ranks.size(), ranks.data(), &localGroup);
+ 
+    // Create the new communicator from that group of processes.
+    
+    CheckMPI( MPI_Comm_create(parrentCommunicator_, localGroup, &localCommunicator_), true);
+    
+    isPartOfLocal_ = localCommunicator_ != MPI_COMM_NULL;
+    
+    if(isPartOfLocal_)
+    {
+        MPI_Comm_set_name(localCommunicator_, name.c_str());
+
+        MPI_Comm_size(localCommunicator_, &localSize_);
+        MPI_Comm_rank(localCommunicator_, &localRank_);
+    }
+
+}
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/processors/localProcessors.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/processors/localProcessors.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1e1d6d3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/processors/localProcessors.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __pFlowProcessors_hpp__
+#define __pFlowProcessors_hpp__
+
+
+#include "processors.hpp"
+#include "types.hpp"
+
+#ifdef pFlow_Build_MPI
+    #include "mpi.h"
+#endif
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class localProcessors
+:
+    public processors
+{
+private:
+
+#ifdef pFlow_Build_MPI
+    MPI_Comm    parrentCommunicator_;
+
+    MPI_Comm    localCommunicator_;
+#endif
+
+    int localSize_ = 1 ;
+
+    int localRank_ = 0;
+
+    bool isPartOfLocal_ = true;
+
+    word name_;
+
+public:
+
+        /// @brief Construct a local processor communication similar 
+        /// to global with specified name
+        /// @param name a given name to the local communicator 
+        localProcessors(const word& name);
+
+        
+        /// @brief Construct a local processor communication from global
+        /// communicator using a name and ranks 
+        /// @param name a given name to the local communicator 
+        /// @param ranks ranks to be included in the new communicator 
+        localProcessors(
+            const word& name, 
+            const std::vector<int>& ranks);
+
+    #ifdef pFlow_Build_MPI
+        localProcessors(
+            MPI_Comm parrentComm, 
+            const word& name, 
+            const std::vector<int>& ranks);
+    #endif
+
+    // - Access 
+
+        /// @brief return name of the local communicator 
+        inline 
+        const auto& name()const
+        {
+            return name_;
+        }
+
+        inline
+        auto localRank()const
+        {
+            return localRank_;
+        }
+
+        inline 
+        auto localSize()const
+        {
+            return localSize_;
+        }
+
+    // - Methods 
+
+        inline
+        bool localMaster()const
+        {
+            return localRank_ == localMasterNo();
+        }
+
+        inline 
+        int localMasterNo()const
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        inline 
+        bool localParallel()const
+        {
+            return localSize_>1;
+        }
+
+        inline
+        const char* localRunTypeName()
+        {
+            if(localParallel())
+                return "MPI";
+            else
+                return "regular";
+        }
+
+        inline
+        bool isThisActive()const
+        {
+            return isPartOfLocal_;
+        }
+
+    #ifdef pFlow_Build_MPI
+        inline 
+        auto parrentCommunicator()const
+        {
+            return parrentCommunicator_;
+        }
+
+        inline 
+        auto localCommunicator()const
+        {
+            return localCommunicator_;
+        }
+    #endif
+
+    static
+    bool builtForMPI()
+    {
+        #ifdef pFlow_Build_MPI
+            return true;
+        #else
+            return false;
+        #endif
+    }
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/processors/pFlowProcessors.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/processors/pFlowProcessors.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..73201b50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/processors/pFlowProcessors.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include "pFlowProcessors.hpp"
+
+static pFlow::localProcessors pFlowProcessors__{"pFlowProcessors"};
+
+pFlow::localProcessors& pFlow::pFlowProcessors()
+{
+    return pFlowProcessors__;
+}
+
+void pFlow::initialize_pFlowProcessors()
+{
+    pFlowProcessors__ = localProcessors("pFlowProcessors");
+}
+
+void pFlow::initialize_pFlowProcessors(const std::vector<int>& ranks)
+{
+    pFlowProcessors__ = localProcessors("pFlowProcessors", ranks);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/processors/pFlowProcessors.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/processors/pFlowProcessors.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..12ae1942
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/processors/pFlowProcessors.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+
+#include "localProcessors.hpp"
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+localProcessors& pFlowProcessors();
+
+void initialize_pFlowProcessors();
+
+void initialize_pFlowProcessors(const std::vector<int>& ranks);
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/processors/processors.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/processors/processors.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8edb3b3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/processors/processors.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "phasicFlowConfig.H"
+
+#ifdef pFlow_Build_MPI
+	#include "mpiCommunication.hpp"
+#endif
+
+// from PhasicFlow
+#include "error.hpp"
+#include "processors.hpp"
+#include "streams.hpp"
+
+
+#ifdef pFlow_Build_MPI
+
+    pFlow::MPI::DataType pFlow::MPI::realx3Type__;
+    pFlow::MPI::DataType pFlow::MPI::realx4Type__;
+    pFlow::MPI::DataType pFlow::MPI::int32x3Type__;
+	pFlow::MPI::DataType pFlow::MPI::uint32x3Type__;
+    
+#endif
+
+void pFlow::processors::initProcessors(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+
+#ifdef pFlow_Build_MPI
+	if(!processors::isInitialized())
+	{
+		CheckMPI(MPI_Init(&argc, &argv), true);
+		initProcessorsCelled_ = true;
+
+        argc_ = argc;
+        argv_ = argv;
+
+		MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &processors::globalRank_);
+        MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &processors::globalSize_);
+        
+		
+		if(processors::globalParallel())
+		{
+			pFlow::pOutput.activatePrefix();
+			pFlow::pOutput.setPrefixNum(processors::globalRank_);
+			pFlow::errReport.activatePrefix();
+			pFlow::errReport.setPrefixNum(processors::globalRank_);
+		}
+		
+		pFlow::mOutput.setMasterSlave(processors::globalMaster());
+		
+
+        MPI_Type_contiguous(3, pFlow::MPI::Type<real>(), &pFlow::MPI::realx3Type__);
+		MPI_Type_commit(&pFlow::MPI::realx3Type__);
+
+        MPI_Type_contiguous(4, pFlow::MPI::Type<real>(), &pFlow::MPI::realx4Type__);
+		MPI_Type_commit(&pFlow::MPI::realx3Type__);
+
+		MPI_Type_contiguous(3, pFlow::MPI::Type<int32>(), &pFlow::MPI::int32x3Type__);
+		MPI_Type_commit(&pFlow::MPI::int32x3Type__);
+
+		MPI_Type_contiguous(3, pFlow::MPI::Type<uint32>(), &pFlow::MPI::uint32x3Type__);
+		MPI_Type_commit(&pFlow::MPI::uint32x3Type__);
+
+	}
+#else
+
+#endif
+
+}
+
+void pFlow::processors::finalizeProcessors()
+{
+
+#ifdef pFlow_Build_MPI
+	if(initProcessorsCelled_ && !isFinalized())
+	{
+        MPI::TypeFree(&pFlow::MPI::realx3Type__);
+        MPI::TypeFree(&pFlow::MPI::realx4Type__);
+		MPI::TypeFree(&pFlow::MPI::int32x3Type__);
+		MPI::TypeFree(&pFlow::MPI::uint32x3Type__);
+		CheckMPI(MPI_Finalize(), true);
+	}
+#else
+
+#endif
+}
+
+pFlow::processors::processors()
+{
+
+#ifdef pFlow_Build_MPI	
+	if(globalParallel() && !isInitialized())
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"MPI communication is not initialized yet!"<<endl;
+		processors::abort(MPI_ERR_OP);
+	}
+#endif
+	
+}
+
+pFlow::processors::~processors()
+{}
+
+
+bool pFlow::processors::isInitialized()
+{
+	
+#ifdef pFlow_Build_MPI
+	int res;
+	MPI_Initialized(&res);
+	return res;
+#endif
+	return false;
+
+}
+
+bool pFlow::processors::isFinalized()
+{
+
+#ifdef pFlow_Build_MPI
+	int res;
+	MPI_Finalized(&res);
+	return res;
+#endif
+	return false;
+
+}
+
+void pFlow::processors::abort(int error)
+{
+
+#ifdef pFlow_Build_MPI
+	int flag=0;
+	MPI_Initialized(&flag);
+	if(flag == 1)
+	{
+		MPI_Abort(MPI_COMM_WORLD, error);
+		MPI_Finalize();
+  }
+    exit(error);
+#else
+    exit(error);
+#endif
+
+}
+
+bool pFlow::checkMPI(const char* funcName, int error, bool forceAbort, const char* fileName, int lineNumebr)
+{
+
+#ifdef pFlow_Build_MPI
+	
+	if(error == MPI_SUCCESS) return true;
+	fatalErrorInMessage(funcName, fileName, lineNumebr);
+	
+	if(!forceAbort) return false;
+	reportAndExit(error);
+	
+	return false;
+
+#else
+
+	return true;
+
+#endif
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/processors/processors.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/processors/processors.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..60ae64a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/processors/processors.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __processors_H__
+#define __processors_H__ 
+
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+	// - Forward
+	bool checkMPI
+	(
+		const char* funcName,
+		int 				error, 
+		bool 				forceAbort, 
+		const char* fileName, 
+		int 				lineNumebr
+	);
+}
+
+// - Macro for automating line and file logs
+#define CheckMPI(caller, fAbort)\
+   pFlow::checkMPI(#caller, (caller), fAbort, __FILE__, __LINE__);
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+/**
+ * This class holds the information about the global execution 
+ * world and number of processors in communication.
+ * 
+ */
+class processors
+{
+private:
+
+	/// Is the static member initProcessors is called
+	static inline 
+	bool initProcessorsCelled_ = false;
+
+	/// Global rank of the current processor
+	static inline
+	int globalRank_ = 0;
+
+	/// The global size of all processors 
+	static inline
+	int globalSize_ = 1;
+
+    static inline
+    int argc_ = 0;
+
+    static inline 
+    char** argv_ = nullptr;
+
+public:
+
+	/// Initialize MPI processors
+	static 
+	void initProcessors(int argc, char *argv[]);
+
+	/// Finalize MPI processors 
+	static
+	void finalizeProcessors();
+
+	/// Constructor 
+	processors();
+	
+	/// Destructor 
+	~processors();
+	
+	/// Master processors number (globaly in MPI).
+	static inline
+	int globalMasterNo()
+	{
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/// Is this a parallel MPI run.
+	static inline
+	bool globalParallel()
+	{
+		return processors::globalSize()>1;
+	}
+	
+	static inline
+	const char* globalRunTypeName()
+	{
+		if(globalParallel())
+		{
+			return "MPI";
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			return "regular";
+		}
+	}
+	/// Is MPI initialized?
+	static
+	bool isInitialized();
+	
+	/// Is MPI finalized?
+	static
+	bool isFinalized();
+	
+	/// Is this processor the master processor?
+	static inline
+	bool globalMaster()
+	{
+		return processors::globalRank() == processors::globalMasterNo();
+	}
+	
+	/// Global size of processors
+	static inline
+	int globalSize()
+	{
+		return globalSize_;
+	}
+	
+	/// Rank of the processor in the global MPI
+	static inline
+	int globalRank()
+	{
+		return globalRank_;
+	}
+
+    static inline
+    int argc()
+    {
+        return argc_;
+    }
+
+    static inline 
+    char** argv()
+    {
+        return argv_;
+    }
+
+	/// Abort MPI run or regular run
+	static
+	void abort(int error);
+
+/*#ifdef pFlow_Build_MPI
+    static inline 
+    auto worldCommunicator()
+    {
+      return pFlow::MPI::CommWorld;  
+    }
+#endif*/
+
+}; //processors
+
+
+} // pFlow
+
+#endif //__processors_H__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/random/randomInt32/uniformRandomInt32.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/random/randomInt32/uniformRandomUint32.hpp
similarity index 77%
rename from src/phasicFlow/random/randomInt32/uniformRandomInt32.hpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/random/randomInt32/uniformRandomUint32.hpp
index 86408dcf..86564d93 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/random/randomInt32/uniformRandomInt32.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/random/randomInt32/uniformRandomUint32.hpp
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-#ifndef __uniformRandomInt32_hpp__
-#define __uniformRandomInt32_hpp__
+#ifndef __uniformRandomUint32_hpp__
+#define __uniformRandomUint32_hpp__
 
 #include <random>
 
@@ -29,35 +29,35 @@ Licence:
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-class uniformRandomInt32
+class uniformRandomUint32
 {
 protected:
 
  	std::mt19937_64 engineGen_;
 
- 	std::uniform_int_distribution<int32> distrbution_;
+ 	std::uniform_int_distribution<uint32> distrbution_;
 
 public:
 
 	// type info
 	TypeInfoNV("uniform");
 
-	explicit uniformRandomInt32(int32 min, int32 max)
+	explicit uniformRandomUint32(uint32 min, uint32 max)
 	:
 		engineGen_(std::random_device()()),
 		distrbution_(min, max)
 	{}
 
-	~uniformRandomInt32()= default;
+	~uniformRandomUint32()= default;
 
-	inline real  randomNumber() 
+	inline uint32  randomNumber() 
 	{
 		return  distrbution_(engineGen_);
 	}
 	
-	inline int32x3 randomNumber3()
+	inline triple<uint32> randomNumber3()
 	{
-		return int32x3
+		return triple<uint32>
 		(
 			randomNumber(),
 			randomNumber(),
@@ -65,9 +65,9 @@ public:
 		);
 	}	
 
-	inline realx3 operator()()
+	inline triple<uint32> operator()()
 	{
-		return randomNumber();
+		return randomNumber3();
 	}
 
 	
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/ranges/intervalRange.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/ranges/intervalRange.hpp
index ca40826f..0108713d 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/ranges/intervalRange.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/ranges/intervalRange.hpp
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ protected:
 	static inline const T minVal = largestNegative<T>();
 public:
 
-	TypeInfoTemplateNV("intervalRange",T);
+	TypeInfoTemplateNV11("intervalRange",T);
 
 	intervalRange(T begin, T end)
 	:
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/ranges/stridedRange.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/ranges/stridedRange.hpp
index 5ecf7367..02df31d2 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/ranges/stridedRange.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/ranges/stridedRange.hpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ Licence:
 #include "typeInfo.hpp"
 #include "dictionary.hpp"
 
+#include "streams.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
@@ -35,18 +36,20 @@ stridedRange
 {
 protected:
 
-	T 		begin_;
+	T 		begin_ = 0;
 
-	T 		end_;
+	T 		end_ = 1;
 
-	T 		stride_;
+	T 		stride_ = 1;
 
 	static inline const T maxVal = largestPositive<T>();
 	static inline const T minVal = largestNegative<T>();
 
 public:
 
-	TypeInfoTemplateNV("stridedRange",T);
+	TypeInfoTemplateNV11("stridedRange",T);
+
+	stridedRange()=default;
 
 	stridedRange(T begin, T end, T stride)
 	:
@@ -76,9 +79,9 @@ public:
 
 	stridedRange(const dictionary& dict)
 	:
-		begin_(dict.getVal<label>("begin")),
-		end_(dict.getVal<label>("end")),
-		stride_(dict.getVal<label>("stride"))
+		begin_(dict.getVal<T>("begin")),
+		end_(dict.getVal<T>("end")),
+		stride_(dict.getVal<T>("stride"))
 	{}
 		
 	inline 
@@ -96,12 +99,21 @@ public:
 	{
 		return stride_;
 	}
+	
+	inline
+	bool isInRange(T val)const
+	{
+		return val>= begin_ && val<= end_;
+	}
+
 	inline
 	bool isMember(T val, T epsilon = 0)const
 	{
+		
+		if(!isInRange(val)) return false;
+		if(T dist = val-begin_; abs(dist%stride_)<= epsilon) return true;
 		if(equal(val,begin_))return true;
 		if(equal(val,end_))return true;
-		if(abs(mod(val-begin_,stride_))<= epsilon) return true;
 		return false;
 	}
 
@@ -137,6 +149,22 @@ public:
 	}
 };
 
+template<>
+inline
+bool stridedRange<real>::isMember(real val, real epsilon)const
+	{
+
+	if(!isInRange(val)) return false;
+	real dist = val-begin_;
+	if(abs(
+		(dist-(static_cast<uint64>((dist+0.01*epsilon)/stride_)*stride_))
+		)<= epsilon) return true;
+	if(equal(val,begin_))return true;
+	if(equal(val,end_))return true;
+	return false;
+}
+
+
 }
 
 #endif  //__stridedRange_hpp__ 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/triangleFunctions.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOPattern.cpp
similarity index 73%
rename from src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/triangleFunctions.hpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOPattern.cpp
index a78e555c..bc240534 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/triangleFunctions.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOPattern.cpp
@@ -17,23 +17,19 @@ Licence:
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#include "processors.hpp"
+#include "IOPattern.hpp"
 
-#ifndef __triangleFunctions_hpp__
-#define __triangleFunctions_hpp__
+pFlow::IOPattern::IOPattern( IOType iotype)
+:
+	ioType_(iotype),
+	globalSize_(processors::globalSize()),
+	globalRank_(processors::globalRank()),
+	isMaster_(processors::globalMaster()),
+	isParallel_(processors::globalParallel())
+{}
 
-#include "types.hpp"
-
-namespace pFlow::triangleFunctions
+pFlow::word pFlow::IOPattern::exeMode()
 {
-
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-real triangleSurface( const realx3& p1, const realx3& p2, const realx3& p3)
-{
-	realx3 V1 = p2 - p1;
-	realx3 V2 = p3 - p1;
-	return abs((cross(V1,V2)).length() / static_cast<real>(2.0));	
-}
-
-}
-
-#endif 
+    return processors::globalRunTypeName();
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOPattern.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOPattern.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9c1e3a13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOPattern.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __IOPattern_hpp__
+#define __IOPattern_hpp__
+
+
+
+#include "types.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+
+class IOPattern
+{
+public:
+
+	/**
+	 * Type of input/output
+	 * 
+	 * MasterProcessorOnly: Read or write is done on master processor
+	 *    and the data on master processor is affected.
+	 * 
+	 * MasterProcessorDistribute: Read is done on master processor, but 
+	 * the data should be distributed between processors based on an externally 
+	 * specified pattern. Write is done on master processor and the data is 
+	 * collected from all processors (collection is done based on the externally 
+	 * specified pattern). 
+	 * 
+	 * AllProcessorsSimilar: Read is done on all processors and processors 
+	 *    read the same data. Write is done on master processor, since 
+	 *    all processors have the same copy of data. 
+	 */
+	enum IOType : int
+	{
+		MasterProcessorOnly			= 0,
+		AllProcessorsSimilar 		= 1,
+		MasterProcessorDistribute	= 4,
+		AllProcessorsDifferent      = 8 // this is used for << and >> operators for 
+									// standard input and output streams 
+	};
+
+private:
+
+	IOType 		    ioType_;
+
+	int  			globalSize_ = 1;
+
+	int 			globalRank_ = 0;
+
+	bool 			isMaster_ = true;
+
+	bool 			isParallel_ = false;
+
+public:
+
+	IOPattern( IOPattern::IOType iotype);
+	
+	IOPattern(const IOPattern&)=default;
+
+	IOPattern(IOPattern&&) = default;
+
+	IOPattern& operator=(const IOPattern&)=default;
+
+	IOPattern& operator=(IOPattern&&)=default;
+
+	~IOPattern() = default;
+
+	inline
+	bool isMasterProcessorOnly()const
+	{
+		return ioType_ == MasterProcessorOnly;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	bool isAllProcessorSimilar()const
+	{
+		return ioType_ == AllProcessorsSimilar;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	bool isMasterProcessorDistribute()const
+	{
+		return ioType_ == MasterProcessorDistribute;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	bool isAllProcessorsDifferent()const
+	{
+		return ioType_ == AllProcessorsDifferent;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	bool isMaster()const
+	{
+		return isMaster_;
+	}
+
+	inline 
+	bool isParallel()const
+	{
+		return isParallel_;
+	}
+
+    inline
+    bool thisCallRead()const
+    {
+        if(isMasterProcessorOnly() && !isMaster())return false;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+	inline 
+	bool thisCallWrite()const
+	{
+		if(isMasterProcessorOnly()&& !isMaster())return false;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	bool thisProcReadData()const
+	{
+		if(isMasterProcessorOnly() && !isMaster())return false;
+        if(isMasterProcessorDistribute()&& !isMaster())return false; 
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	bool thisProcWriteData()const
+	{
+		if(isAllProcessorsDifferent()) return true;
+		return isMaster();
+	}
+
+	inline 
+	bool thisProcReadHeader()const
+	{
+		return thisProcReadData();
+	}
+
+	inline
+	bool thisProcWriteHeader()const
+	{
+		return isMaster();
+	}
+
+	inline 
+	auto globalSize()const
+	{
+		return globalSize_;
+	}
+
+	inline 
+	auto globalRank()const
+	{
+		return globalRank_;
+	}
+
+	static 
+	word exeMode();
+
+
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif //__IOPattern_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOfileHeader.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOfileHeader.cpp
index 2aae5642..f67eec28 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOfileHeader.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOfileHeader.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Licence:
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
   the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
  
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  phasicFlow is distribute+d to help others in their research in the field of 
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
@@ -31,49 +31,55 @@ pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::iFstream> pFlow::IOfileHeader::inStream()const
 
 pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::oFstream> pFlow::IOfileHeader::outStream()const
 {
-
-	
 	auto osPtr = makeUnique<oFstream>(path(), outFileBinary());
 	
-	if(osPtr && owner_)
+	if(osPtr && owner())
 	{
-	 	auto outPrecision = owner_->outFilePrecision();
-	 	osPtr->precision(outPrecision);
+	 	auto outPrecision = owner()->outFilePrecision();
+	 	osPtr->precision(static_cast<int>(outPrecision));
 	}
 
 	return osPtr;
 }
 
-pFlow::IOfileHeader::IOfileHeader
-(
-	const objectFile& objf,
-	const repository* owner
-)
-:
-	objectFile(objf),
-	owner_(owner)
+pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::oFstream> pFlow::IOfileHeader::dummyOutStream() const
+{
+    auto osPtr = makeUnique<oFstream>( CWD()+word("dummyFile") , outFileBinary());
+    
+    if(osPtr && owner())
+	{
+	 	auto outPrecision = owner()->outFilePrecision();
+	 	osPtr->precision(static_cast<int>(outPrecision));
+	}
+
+	return osPtr;
+}
+
+pFlow::IOfileHeader::IOfileHeader(
+    const objectFile &objf)
+    : objectFile(objf)
 {}
 
 pFlow::fileSystem pFlow::IOfileHeader::path() const
 {
 	fileSystem f;
 
-	if( owner_ )
+	if( owner() )
 	{
-		f = owner_->path()/localPath();	
+		f = owner()->path()/localPath();	
 
 	}else
 	{
 		f = localPath();
 	}
-	f += name_;
+	f += name();
 	return f;
 }
 
 bool pFlow::IOfileHeader::outFileBinary()const
 {
-	if(owner_)
-		return owner_->outFileBinary();
+	if(owner())
+		return owner()->outFileBinary();
 	else
 		return false;
 }
@@ -120,6 +126,8 @@ bool pFlow::IOfileHeader::implyRead() const
 
 bool pFlow::IOfileHeader::implyWrite() const
 {
+	if( isExcluded( name() ) ) return false;
+	if( isIncluded( name() ) ) return true;
 	return isWriteAlways();
 }
 
@@ -133,10 +141,25 @@ bool pFlow::IOfileHeader::readIfPresent()const
 	return fileExist() && isReadIfPresent();
 }
 
-
-bool pFlow::IOfileHeader::writeHeader(iOstream& os, const word& typeName) const
+bool pFlow::IOfileHeader::writeHeader()const
 {
 
+	if( !this->readWriteHeader() ) return false;
+	if( !implyWrite() ) return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::IOfileHeader::writeHeader
+(
+	iOstream& os, 
+	const word& typeName, 
+	bool forceWrite
+) const
+{
+
+	if(!forceWrite && !writeHeader()) return true;
+	
 	writeBanner(os);
 
 	os.writeWordEntry("objectType", typeName );
@@ -158,14 +181,23 @@ bool pFlow::IOfileHeader::writeHeader(iOstream& os, const word& typeName) const
 	return true;
 }
 
-bool pFlow::IOfileHeader::writeHeader(iOstream& os) const
+bool pFlow::IOfileHeader::writeHeader(iOstream& os, bool forceWrite) const
 {
-	return writeHeader(os, objectType_);
+	return writeHeader(os, objectType_, forceWrite);
+}
+
+bool pFlow::IOfileHeader::readHeader()const
+{
+	if( !implyRead())return false;
+	if( !this->readWriteHeader() ) return false;
+    return true;
 }
 
 bool pFlow::IOfileHeader::readHeader(iIstream& is, bool silent)
 {
-	
+
+	if(!readHeader()) return true;
+    
 	if( !is.findTokenAndNextSilent("objectName", objectName_) )
 	{
 		if(!silent)
@@ -201,7 +233,7 @@ bool pFlow::IOfileHeader::readHeader(iIstream& is, bool silent)
 	}
 
 	return true;
-}
+} 
 
 bool pFlow::IOfileHeader::writeBanner(iOstream& os)const
 {
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOfileHeader.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOfileHeader.hpp
index fea5cb66..d4549c01 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOfileHeader.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOfileHeader.hpp
@@ -40,9 +40,7 @@ protected:
 	
 
 	//// - data members 
-		// owner repository
-		const repository* 	owner_ = nullptr;
-		
+
 		// object name read from file 
 		word objectName_;
 
@@ -60,10 +58,12 @@ protected:
 		// - ouput file stream
 		uniquePtr<oFstream> outStream()const;
 
+        uniquePtr<oFstream> dummyOutStream()const;
+
 public:
 
 	// with owner 
-	IOfileHeader(const objectFile& objf, const repository* owner = nullptr);
+	IOfileHeader(const objectFile& objf);
 
 	// - object name
 	const word& objectName()const
@@ -78,11 +78,24 @@ public:
 	}
 
 	// - pointer to owner repository 
-	const repository* owner()const 
+	virtual 
+    const repository* owner()const
+    {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+	virtual
+	bool isIncluded(const word& objName)const
 	{
-		return owner_;
+		return false;
 	}
 
+	virtual
+	bool isExcluded(const word& objName)const
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+	
 	// - path to file name 
 	fileSystem path() const;
 
@@ -95,31 +108,41 @@ public:
 	//   read the header of the file to check if it is ok
 	bool headerOk(bool silent = false);
 	
-	// - imply read 
+	/// Imply read 
 	bool implyRead() const;
 
-	// - imply write 
+	/// Imply write 
 	bool implyWrite() const;
 	
-	// - check if file exists
+	/// Check if file exists
 	bool fileExist() const;
 	
-	// - check read if present 
+	/// Check read if present 
 	bool readIfPresent()const;
 
-	// - write the header in the  file , typeName comes from caller
-	bool writeHeader(iOstream& os, const word& typeName) const;
+	/// Check if the header should be written to file
+	/// True: on master + implyWrite + readWriteHeader = true
+	/// False: otherwise
+	bool writeHeader()const;
 
-	// - write the header in the  file, typeName comes from the one read from file 
-	bool writeHeader(iOstream& os) const;
-	
-	// - read the header in the file 
+	/// Write the header to the file , typeName comes from caller
+	bool writeHeader(iOstream& os, const word& typeName, bool forceWrite = false ) const;
+
+	/// Write the header to the file, typeName comes from the one read from file 
+	bool writeHeader(iOstream& os, bool forceWrite = false) const;
+
+	/// Check if header should be read from file
+	bool readHeader()const;
+
+	/// Read the header in the file
 	bool readHeader(iIstream& is, bool silent=false);
+
 	
-	// - write the banner 
+	
+	/// write the banner 
 	bool writeBanner(iOstream& os)const;
 
-	// - wirte a separator line 
+	/// wirte a separator line 
 	bool writeSeparator(iOstream& os)const;
 
 };
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOobject.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOobject.cpp
index e49d757c..6fae2f0a 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOobject.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOobject.cpp
@@ -24,113 +24,168 @@ Licence:
 
 pFlow::IOobject::IOobject
 (
-	const objectFile& objf,
-	const repository* owner,
-	uniquePtr<iObject>&& obj
+    const objectFile&   objf, 
+    const IOPattern&    iop, 
+    repository*   owner
 )
 :
-	IOfileHeader(objf, owner),
-	object_(obj.release())
+	IOfileHeader(objf),
+	ioPattern_(iop),
+    owner_(owner)
 {
-
-	if(!read(this->readWriteHeader()))
-	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"error in reading " << name() << " from path " << path()<<endl;
-		fatalExit;
-	}
+    
+    if(owner_&& !owner->addToRepository(this))
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<<
+        "failed to add object "<< objf.name()<< 
+        " to repository "<< owner->name()<<endl;
+        fatalExit;
+    }
 }
 
+pFlow::IOobject::~IOobject()
+{
+    if(owner_)
+    {
+        owner_->removeFromRepository(this);
+    }
+}
 
-pFlow::IOobject::IOobject
+pFlow::repository* pFlow::IOobject::releaseOwner
 (
-	const objectFile& objf,
-	const repository* owner,
-	uniquePtr<IOobject>&& obj
+    bool fromOwner
 )
-:
-	IOfileHeader(objf, owner),
-	object_( obj->object_.release())
+{   
+    auto* old = owner_;
+    if(old && !fromOwner)
+    {
+        old->removeFromRepository(this);
+    }
+    owner_ = nullptr;
+    return old;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::IOobject::isIncluded(const word& objName)const 
 {
+    if(owner_)
+        return owner_->isIncluded(objName);
+    return false;
 }
 
 
-bool pFlow::IOobject::isObjectValid()const
+bool pFlow::IOobject::isExcluded(const word& objName)const 
 {
-	return object_.get() != nullptr;
+    if(owner_)
+        return owner_->isExcluded(objName);
+    return false;
 }
 
-bool pFlow::IOobject::read(bool rdHdr)
+bool pFlow::IOobject::readObject(bool rdHdr)
 {
-
-	if( implyRead() )
-	{
-		if( rdHdr )
-		{	
-			if( auto ptrIS = inStream(); ptrIS )
-			{
-				if(!readHeader(ptrIS()))return false;
-				ptrIS.reset(nullptr);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				warningInFunction<<
-				"could not open file " << path() <<endl;
-				return false;
-			}
-		}
-
-		if( auto ptrIS = inStream(); ptrIS )
-		{
-			if(!read(ptrIS(), rdHdr))return false;
-			
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			warningInFunction<<
-			"could not open file " << path() <<endl;
-			return false;
-		}
-	}	
+    if(!implyRead())return true;
 	
+    if( rdHdr && ioPattern().thisCallRead())
+    {	
+        if( auto ptrIS = inStream(); ptrIS )
+        {
+            if(!readHeader(ptrIS()))return false;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            warningInFunction<<
+            "could not open file " << path() <<endl;
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(ioPattern().thisCallRead())
+    {
+        if( auto ptrIS = inStream(); ptrIS )
+        {
+            if(!readObject(ptrIS(), rdHdr))return false;              
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            warningInFunction<<
+            "could not open file " << path() <<endl;
+            return false;
+        }    
+    }
+		
 	return true;
 }
 
 
-bool pFlow::IOobject::write() const
+bool pFlow::IOobject::writeObject() const
 {
-	if(implyWrite())
+    if(!implyWrite()) return true;
+
+	if(ioPattern().thisCallWrite())
 	{
-		if(auto ptrOS = outStream(); ptrOS )
-		{
-			return write(ptrOS());
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			warningInFunction<< 
-			"error in opening file "<< path() <<endl;
-			return false;
-		}
+		if( ioPattern().thisProcWriteData())
+        {
+            if(auto ptrOS = outStream(); ptrOS )
+            {
+                return writeObject(ptrOS());
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                warningInFunction<< 
+                "error in opening file "<< path() <<endl;
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            
+            if(auto ptrOS = dummyOutStream(); ptrOS )
+            {
+                return writeObject(ptrOS());
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                warningInFunction<< 
+                "error in opening file "<< path() <<endl;
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        
+        
 	}
 
 	return true;
 }
 
 
-bool pFlow::IOobject::read(iIstream& is, bool rdHdr)
+bool pFlow::IOobject::readObject(iIstream& is, bool rdHdr)
 {
-	if(rdHdr)
-	{
-		if(!readHeader(is))return false;
-	}
-	return object_->read_object_t(is);
+	if(rdHdr && 
+        ioPattern().thisCallRead() && 
+        !readHeader(is)) return false;
+	
+    if(ioPattern().thisCallRead())
+    {
+        return read(is, ioPattern());
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+	
 }
 
 
-bool pFlow::IOobject::write(iOstream& os) const
+bool pFlow::IOobject::writeObject(iOstream& os) const
 {
-	if(this->readWriteHeader())
-		writeHeader(os, typeName());
-	
-	return (object_->write_object_t(os) && writeSeparator(os));
+	if(this->writeHeader() && ioPattern().thisProcWriteHeader())
+	{
+        writeHeader(os, typeName());
+    }
+    
+    if(ioPattern().thisCallWrite())
+	 {   
+        return write(os, ioPattern() );
+     }
+    else
+        return true;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOobject.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOobject.hpp
index 7b2ab200..36508be1 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOobject.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOobject.hpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Licence:
 
 
 #include "IOfileHeader.hpp"
-
+#include "IOPattern.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
@@ -36,144 +36,80 @@ class IOobject
 :
 	public	IOfileHeader
 {
-
 private:
 
-	class iObject
-	{
-	public:
-
-		virtual ~iObject()=default;
-
-		// - clone 
-		virtual uniquePtr<iObject> clone() const = 0;
-
-		virtual word typeName()const = 0;
-
-		virtual bool read_object_t(iIstream& is) = 0;
-
-		virtual bool write_object_t(iOstream& os)const = 0;
-
-	};
-
-	template<typename dataType>
-	class object_t
-	:
-		public iObject
-	{
-	public:
-		dataType 	data_;
-
-	public:
-
-		template<typename... Args,
-          		typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_constructible<object_t, Args&&...>::value>>
-		object_t(Args&&... args)
-		:
-			data_(std::forward<Args>(args)...)
-		{}
-
-		// cunstruct by copying data
-		object_t(const dataType& data): data_(data){}
-
-		// construct by moving data
-		//object_t(dataType&& data): data_(std::move(data)){}
-
-		
-		virtual uniquePtr<iObject> clone() const
-		{
-			return makeUnique<object_t>(*this);
-		}
-
-		virtual word typeName()const
-		{
-			return data_.typeName();
-		}
-
-		virtual bool read_object_t(iIstream& is)
-		{
-			return data_.read(is);
-		}
-
-		virtual bool write_object_t(iOstream& os)const
-		{
-			return data_.write(os);
-		}
-
-	};
-
-protected:
-
-	//// - data members
-
-		// underlaying data object 
-		uniquePtr<iObject> object_;
+    IOPattern       ioPattern_;
 
+    mutable repository* owner_;	
 
 public:
 
 	// - typeinfo
-	word typeName()const
-	{
-		return object_->typeName();
-	}
+	virtual 
+    word typeName() const = 0;
 
 	//// - Constructors
 
 		// - construct from components, transfer the ownership of iObject (object_t) to the 
 		//   onwner and read the object from file 
-		IOobject(const objectFile& objf, const repository* owner, uniquePtr<iObject>&& obj );
+		IOobject(
+            const objectFile&   objf, 
+            const IOPattern&    iop, 
+            repository*   owner);
+        
+        ~IOobject() override;
 
-		// - construct from components, transfer the ownership of IOobject to the owner (no read happens)
-		IOobject(const objectFile& objf, const repository* owner, uniquePtr<IOobject>&& obj);
-		
 		// - copy construct 
 		IOobject(const IOobject& src)=delete;	
 
 		// - move construct
-		IOobject(IOobject&& src) = default;
-
-		
-		// - make object from components, considering no owner for this object, and 
-		//   read from file 
-		//   Args are the arguments of object constructor 
-		template<typename T, typename... Args>
-		static auto make(const objectFile& objf, Args&&... args);
-		
-		// - construct object_t with the Args as the arguments of object constructor 
-		template<typename T, typename... Args>
-		static auto make_object_t(Args&&... args);
+		IOobject(IOobject&& src) = delete;
 		
 
-	//// - Access to data object 
+        inline
+        const IOPattern& ioPattern()const
+        {
+            return ioPattern_;
+        }
 
-		// - is object valid 
-		bool isObjectValid()const;
+        // - pointer to owner repository 
+        const repository* owner()const override
+        {
+            return owner_;
+        }
 
-		// - ref to data object
-		template<typename T>
-		auto& getObject();
+        repository* owner()
+        {
+            return owner_;
+        }
 
-		// - const ref to data object 
-		template<typename T>
-		const auto& getObject()const;
-	
-		
+        repository* releaseOwner(bool fromOwner = false);
+
+        
+        bool isIncluded(const word& objName)const override;
+        
+        bool isExcluded(const word& objName)const override;
+        
 
 	//// - IO operations 
 
 		// - read from file 
-		bool read(bool rdHdr = true);
+		bool readObject(bool rdHdr = true);
 
 		// - write to file 
-		bool write() const;
+		bool writeObject() const;
 
 		// - read from istream 
-		bool read(iIstream& is, bool rdHdr = true);
+		bool readObject(iIstream& is, bool rdHdr = true);
 
 		// - write to istream 
-		bool write(iOstream& os) const;
-		
+		bool writeObject(iOstream& os) const;
+
+        virtual 
+        bool write(iOstream& is, const IOPattern& iop)const = 0;
+
+        virtual 
+        bool read(iIstream& is, const IOPattern& iop) = 0;
 
 };
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOobjectTemplates.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOobjectTemplates.cpp
index 4c8f20e1..cdaa3fc6 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOobjectTemplates.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOobjectTemplates.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-template<typename T, typename... Args>
+
+/*template<typename T, typename... Args>
 auto pFlow::IOobject::make
 (
 	const objectFile& objf,
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ auto pFlow::IOobject::make
 }
 
 template<typename T, typename... Args>
-auto pFlow::IOobject::make_object_t(Args&&... args)
+pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::IOobject::iObject> pFlow::IOobject::make_object_t(Args&&... args)
 {
 	auto ptr = makeUnique<object_t<T>>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
 	return ptr;
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ auto& pFlow::IOobject::getObject()
 		"accessing an invalid objecct "<< name() <<endl;
 		fatalExit;
 	}
-	return  dynamic_cast<object_t<T>&>(*object_).data_;
+	return  static_cast<object_t<T>&>(*object_).data();
 }
 
 
@@ -60,5 +61,5 @@ const auto& pFlow::IOobject::getObject()const
 		"accessing an invalid objecct "<< name() <<endl;
 		fatalExit;
 	}
-	return  dynamic_cast<const object_t<T>&>(*object_).data_;	
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+	return  static_cast<const object_t<T>&>(*object_).data();	
+}*/
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/objectFile.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/objectFile.cpp
index 55776975..d761c1ea 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/objectFile.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/objectFile.cpp
@@ -25,18 +25,15 @@ pFlow::objectFile::objectFile
 	const word& name
 )
 :
-	name_(name),
-	rFlag_(READ_NEVER),
-	wFlag_(WRITE_NEVER),
-	localPath_("")
+	name_(name)
 {}
 
 pFlow::objectFile::objectFile
 (
-	const word& 			name,
-	const fileSystem& 		localPath,
-	const readFlag&   		rf, 
-	const writeFlag&  		wf,
+	const word& 		name,
+	const fileSystem& 	localPath,
+	const readFlag&   	rf, 
+	const writeFlag&  	wf,
 	bool  rwHeader
 )
 :
@@ -44,6 +41,6 @@ pFlow::objectFile::objectFile
 	rFlag_(rf),
 	wFlag_(wf),
 	localPath_(localPath),
-	readWriteHeader_(rwHeader)
+	readWriteHeader_(rwHeader)	
 {
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/objectFile.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/objectFile.hpp
index 7ab6f153..ee0cf85a 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/objectFile.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/objectFile.hpp
@@ -24,12 +24,9 @@ Licence:
 #include "types.hpp"
 #include "fileSystem.hpp"
 
-
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-
-
 class objectFile
 {
 public:
@@ -47,28 +44,33 @@ public:
 		WRITE_NEVER
 	};
 
-protected:
 
-	// name of the entity
+private:
+
+	/// Name of the entity
 	word 	name_;
 
-	// read flag
-	readFlag  rFlag_;
+	/// Read flag
+	readFlag  rFlag_ = readFlag::READ_NEVER;
 
-	// write flag
-	writeFlag wFlag_;
+	/// Write flag
+	writeFlag wFlag_ = writeFlag::WRITE_NEVER;
 
-	// local path of entity
-	fileSystem localPath_;
+	/// Local path of entity
+	fileSystem localPath_ = "";
 
-	bool readWriteHeader_ = true;
+	/// Number of bytes used for writing/reading real variable (used for binray)
+	int 		numBytesForReal_ = numBytesForReal__;
+	
+	/// Does the objectFile read & write the header?
+	bool        readWriteHeader_ = true;
 
 public:
 
 
 	
 	// constructors
-	objectFile
+	explicit objectFile
 	(
 		const word& name
 	);
@@ -77,9 +79,9 @@ public:
 	objectFile
 	(
 		const word& name,
-		const fileSystem& localPath,
-		const readFlag&   rf = READ_NEVER,
-		const writeFlag&  wf = WRITE_NEVER,
+		const fileSystem& 	localPath,
+		const readFlag&   	rf = readFlag::READ_NEVER,
+		const writeFlag&  	wf = writeFlag::WRITE_NEVER,
 		bool  rwHeader = true
 	);
 
@@ -92,53 +94,64 @@ public:
 
 	objectFile& operator = (objectFile && rhs) = default;
 
+
 	virtual ~objectFile()=default;
 
-	virtual word name() const
+	virtual 
+	const word& name() const
 	{
 		return name_;
 	}
 
-	virtual fileSystem localPath()const
+	virtual 
+	const fileSystem& localPath()const
 	{
 		return localPath_;
 	}
 
+	inline
 	readFlag rFlag()const
 	{
 		return rFlag_;
 	}
 
+	inline
 	writeFlag wFlag()const
 	{
 		return wFlag_;
 	}
 
+	inline
 	bool isReadAlways()const
 	{
-		return rFlag_ == READ_ALWAYS;
+		return rFlag_ == readFlag::READ_ALWAYS;
 	}
 
+	inline
 	bool isReadNever()const
 	{
-		return rFlag_ == READ_NEVER;
+		return rFlag_ == readFlag::READ_NEVER;
 	}
 
+	inline
 	bool isReadIfPresent()const
 	{
-		return rFlag_ == READ_IF_PRESENT;
+		return rFlag_ == readFlag::READ_IF_PRESENT;
 	}
 
+	inline
 	bool isWriteAlways()const
 	{
-		return wFlag_ == WRITE_ALWAYS;
+		return wFlag_ == writeFlag::WRITE_ALWAYS;
 	}
 
+	inline
 	bool isWriteNever()const
 	{
-		return wFlag_ == WRITE_NEVER;
+		return wFlag_ == writeFlag::WRITE_NEVER;
 	}
 
+	inline 
 	bool readWriteHeader()const
 	{
 		return readWriteHeader_;
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/Time.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/Time.cpp
index e99679ba..2dda1133 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/Time.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/Time.cpp
@@ -2,116 +2,93 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
 #include "Time.hpp"
 #include "dictionary.hpp"
 #include "vocabs.hpp"
 
-
-bool pFlow::Time::readDictionary(const dictionary& dict)
+bool
+pFlow::Time::readDictionary(const dictionary& dict)
 {
 	auto wF = toUpper(dict.getValOrSet<word>("writeFormat", "ASCII"));
 
-	if(wF == "ASCII") 
+	if (wF == "ASCII")
 		outFormatBinary_ = false;
-	else if(wF == "BINARY")
+	else if (wF == "BINARY")
 		outFormatBinary_ = true;
 	else
 	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"Invalid writeFormat in file "<< dict.name()<<endl;
+		fatalErrorInFunction << "Invalid writeFormat in file " << dict.name()
+		                     << endl;
 		return false;
 	}
 
 	return true;
 }
 
-pFlow::Time::Time
-(
-	repository* owner,
-	const dictionary& setiingsDict
+pFlow::Time::Time(repository* owner, const dictionary& setiingsDict)
+  : repository("Time", "", owner),
+    timeControl(setiingsDict),
+    geometry_(geometryRepository_, geometryFolder__, this)
+{
+	if (!readDictionary(setiingsDict))
+	{
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+}
+
+pFlow::Time::Time(
+  repository* owner,
+  dictionary& setiingsDict,
+  real        startTime,
+  real        endTime,
+  real        saveInterval,
+  word        startTimeName
 )
-:
-	repository("Time", "", owner),
-	timeControl(setiingsDict),
-	geometry_
-	(
-		geometryRepository_,
-		geometryFolder__,
-		this
-	),
-	integration_
-	(
-		integrationRepository__,
-		integrationFolder__,
-		this
-	)
+  : repository("Time", "", owner),
+    timeControl(setiingsDict, startTime, endTime, saveInterval, startTimeName),
+    geometry_(geometryRepository_, geometryFolder__, this)
 {
-	
-	if(!readDictionary(setiingsDict))
+	if (!readDictionary(setiingsDict))
 	{
 		fatalExit;
 	}
 }
 
-pFlow::Time::Time( 
-		repository* owner, 
-		dictionary& setiingsDict,
-		real startTime, 
-		real endTime, 
-		real saveInterval, 
-		word startTimeName)
-:
-	repository("Time", "", owner),
-	timeControl(
-		setiingsDict,
-		startTime,
-		endTime,
-		saveInterval,
-		startTimeName),
-	geometry_
-	(
-		geometryRepository_,
-		geometryFolder__,
-		this
-	),
-	integration_
-	(
-		integrationRepository__,
-		integrationFolder__,
-		this
-	)
+pFlow::fileSystem
+pFlow::Time::localPath() const
 {
-	if(!readDictionary(setiingsDict))
-	{
-		fatalExit;
-	}
+	return fileSystem(timeName());
 }
 
-bool pFlow::Time::write
-(
-	bool verbose
-) const
+pFlow::fileSystem
+pFlow::Time::integrationFolder() const
 {
-	if(outputToFile())
+	return integrationFolder__;
+}
+
+bool
+pFlow::Time::write(bool verbose) const
+{
+	if (outputToFile())
 	{
-		REPORT(0)<<"\nWriting to file at time: "<< cyanText(timeName())<<endREPORT;
+		REPORT(0) << "\nWriting to file at time: " << Cyan_Text(timeName())
+		          << END_REPORT;
 		return repository::write(verbose);
 	}
 	return true;
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/Time.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/Time.hpp
index 915c9478..4da092f6 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/Time.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/Time.hpp
@@ -2,33 +2,31 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
 #ifndef __Time_hpp__
 #define __Time_hpp__
 
-
-#include "types.hpp"
 #include "error.hpp"
+#include "types.hpp"
 
-#include "timeControl.hpp"
+#include "fileSystem.hpp"
 #include "repository.hpp"
-
+#include "timeControl.hpp"
 
 
 namespace pFlow
@@ -37,77 +35,59 @@ namespace pFlow
 class dictionary;
 
 class Time
-:
-	public repository,
-	public timeControl
+  : public repository
+  , public timeControl
 {
+private:
 
-protected:
+	bool       outFormatBinary_ = false;
 
-	bool 					outFormatBinary_ = false;
+	// - geometry folder/repository
+	repository geometry_;
 
-	// - geometry folder/repository 
-	repository 		geometry_;
-
-	// - integration folder/repository 
-	repository 		integration_;
-
-
-	bool readDictionary(const dictionary& dict);
+	bool       readDictionary(const dictionary& dict);
 
 public:
 
 	// Constructor with owner and settings dict
-	Time( repository* owner,  const dictionary& setiingsDict);
-
-	Time( 
-		repository* owner, 
-		dictionary& setiingsDict,
-		real startTime, 
-		real endTime, 
-		real saveInterval, 
-		word startTimeName);
+	Time(repository* owner, const dictionary& setiingsDict);
 
+	Time(
+	  repository* owner,
+	  dictionary& setiingsDict,
+	  real        startTime,
+	  real        endTime,
+	  real        saveInterval,
+	  word        startTimeName
+	);
 
 	//// -  Methods
-		virtual fileSystem localPath()const
-		{
-			return timeName();
-		}
-	
-		// - geometry repository 
-		const repository& geometry()const
-		{
-			return geometry_;
-		}
+	fileSystem        localPath() const override;
 
-		repository& geometry()
-		{
-			return geometry_;
-		}
+	// - geometry repository
+	const repository& geometry() const
+	{
+		return geometry_;
+	}
 
-		const repository& integration()const
-		{
-			return integration_;
-		}
+	repository& geometry()
+	{
+		return geometry_;
+	}
 
-		repository& integration()
-		{
-			return integration_;
-		}
-		
-		/// Write to the file with binary format?
-		bool outFileBinary()const override
-		{
-			return outFormatBinary_;
-		}
+	fileSystem integrationFolder() const;
 
-		// override the base write to manage write operation 
-		// based on the valid write time intervals 
-		virtual bool write(bool verbose = false) const;
-	
+	/// Write to the file with binary format?
+	bool       outFileBinary() const override
+	{
+		return outFormatBinary_;
+	}
+
+	// override the base write to manage write operation
+	// based on the valid write time intervals
+	virtual bool write(bool verbose = false) const;
 };
 
-} // pFlow
+} // namespace pFlow
 
 #endif // __Time_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/baseTimeControl.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/baseTimeControl.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d44b9aac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/baseTimeControl.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "baseTimeControl.hpp"
+
+
+pFlow::baseTimeControl::baseTimeControl
+(
+    const dictionary &dict,
+    const word& intervalPrefix,
+	real defStartTime
+)
+:
+	intervalPrefix_(intervalPrefix)
+{
+	auto tControl = dict.getVal<word>("timeControl");
+	if(tControl == "timeStep")
+		isTimeStep_ = true;
+	else if( tControl == "runTime" || 
+			 tControl == "simulationTime")
+		isTimeStep_ = false;
+	else
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"bad input for intervalControl in dictionary "<< dict.globalName()<<endl<<
+		"valid inputs are "<< 
+		wordList({"timeStep", "runTime", "simulationTime"})<<endl;
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+	word intervalWord = intervalPrefix.size()==0? word("interval"): intervalPrefix+"Interval";
+
+	if(!isTimeStep_)
+	{
+		auto startTime = (dict.getValOrSet<real>("startTime", defStartTime));
+    	auto endTime = (dict.getValOrSet<real>("endTime", largeValue));
+		auto interval = dict.getVal<real>(intervalWord);
+		rRange_ = realStridedRange(startTime, endTime, interval);
+
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		auto startTime = (dict.getValOrSet<int32>("startTime", 0));
+    	auto endTime = (dict.getValOrSet<int32>("endTime", largestPosInt32));
+		auto interval = dict.getVal<int32>(intervalWord);
+		iRange_ = int32StridedRagne(startTime, endTime, interval);
+	}
+    
+}
+
+pFlow::baseTimeControl::baseTimeControl(int32 start, int32 end, int32 stride, const word &intervalPrefix)
+:
+	isTimeStep_(true),
+	iRange_(start, end, std::max(stride,1)),
+	intervalPrefix_(
+		intervalPrefix.size()==0uL? word("interval"): intervalPrefix+"Interval"
+	)
+{
+}
+
+bool pFlow::baseTimeControl::timeEvent(uint32 iter, real t, real dt) const
+{
+	if(isTimeStep_)
+	{	
+		return iRange_.isMember(iter);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		return rRange_.isMember(t, 0.55*dt);
+	}
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool
+pFlow::baseTimeControl::isInRange(uint32 iter, real t, real dt) const
+{
+	if(isTimeStep_)
+	{
+		return iRange_.isInRange(iter);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		return rRange_.isInRange(t);
+	}
+}
+
+pFlow::real
+pFlow::baseTimeControl::startTime() const
+{
+	if(!isTimeStep_)
+	{
+		return rRange_.begin();
+	}
+
+	fatalErrorInFunction<<"timeControl is not simulationTime or runTime"<<endl;
+	fatalExit;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+pFlow::real
+pFlow::baseTimeControl::endTime() const
+{
+	if(!isTimeStep_)
+	{
+		return rRange_.end();
+	}
+
+	fatalErrorInFunction<<"timeControl is not simulationTime or runTime"<<endl;
+	fatalExit;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+pFlow::real
+pFlow::baseTimeControl::rInterval() const
+{
+	if(!isTimeStep_)
+	{
+		return rRange_.stride();
+	}
+	fatalErrorInFunction<<"timeControl is not simulationTime or runTime"<<endl;
+	fatalExit;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+pFlow::int32
+pFlow::baseTimeControl::startIter() const
+{
+	if(isTimeStep_)
+	{
+		return iRange_.begin();
+	}
+	fatalErrorInFunction<<"timeControl is not timeStep"<<endl;
+	fatalExit;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+pFlow::int32
+pFlow::baseTimeControl::endIter() const
+{
+	if(isTimeStep_)
+	{
+		return iRange_.end();
+	}
+	fatalErrorInFunction<<"timeControl is not timeStep"<<endl;
+	fatalExit;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+pFlow::int32
+pFlow::baseTimeControl::iInterval() const
+{
+	if(isTimeStep_)
+	{
+		return iRange_.stride();
+	}
+	fatalErrorInFunction<<"timeControl is not timeStep"<<endl;
+	fatalExit;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+bool
+pFlow::baseTimeControl::write(dictionary& dict) const
+{
+	if(isTimeStep_)
+	{
+		dict.add("timeControl", "timeStep");
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		dict.add("timeControl", "runTime");
+	}
+
+	word intervalWord = intervalPrefix_.size()==0? word("interval"): intervalPrefix_+"Interval";
+	
+	if(!isTimeStep_)
+	{
+		dict.add(intervalWord,rRange_.stride());
+		dict.add("startTime",rRange_.begin());
+		dict.add("endTime", rRange_.end());
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		dict.add(intervalWord,iRange_.stride());
+		dict.add("startTime",iRange_.begin());
+		dict.add("endTime", iRange_.end());
+	}
+	return true;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/baseTimeControl.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/baseTimeControl.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5a7634d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/baseTimeControl.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+            O        C enter of
+         O O       E ngineering and
+        O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+     OOOOOOO     F luid flow
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+    email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Licence:
+    This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
+    granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+    phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
+    granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+    implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __baseTimeControl_hpp__
+#define __baseTimeControl_hpp__
+
+#include "dictionary.hpp"
+#include "ranges.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class baseTimeControl
+{
+private:
+
+	bool              isTimeStep_;
+
+	int32StridedRagne iRange_;
+
+	realStridedRange  rRange_;
+
+	const word        intervalPrefix_;
+
+public:
+
+	baseTimeControl(
+	  const dictionary& dict,
+	  const word&       intervalPrefix = "",
+	  real              defStartTime   = 0.0
+	);
+
+	baseTimeControl(
+		int32 start,
+		int32 end,
+		int32 stride,
+		const word& intervalPrefix = ""
+	);
+
+	inline bool isTimeStep() const
+	{
+		return isTimeStep_;
+	}
+
+	bool  timeEvent(uint32 iter, real t, real dt) const;
+
+	bool  isInRange(uint32 iter, real t, real dt) const;
+
+	real  startTime() const;
+
+	real  endTime() const;
+
+	real  rInterval() const;
+
+	int32 startIter() const;
+
+	int32 endIter() const;
+
+	int32 iInterval() const;
+
+	bool  write(dictionary& dict) const;
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/timeControl.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/timeControl.cpp
index cb6a162a..b6305545 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/timeControl.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/timeControl.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
+#include "math.hpp"
 #include "timeControl.hpp"
 #include "dictionary.hpp"
 
@@ -117,6 +117,15 @@ pFlow::timeControl::timeControl(
 	checkForOutputToFile();
 }
 
+pFlow::real pFlow::timeControl::setTime(real t)
+{
+	real tmp = currentTime_;
+	currentTime_ = t;
+	lastSaved_ = t;
+	checkForOutputToFile();
+	return tmp;
+}
+
 pFlow::word pFlow::timeControl::timeName()const
 {
 	if(managedExternaly_)
@@ -128,14 +137,14 @@ pFlow::word pFlow::timeControl::timeName()const
 bool pFlow::timeControl::finalTime()const
 {
 	if( currentTime_ >= endTime_ ) return true;
-	if( abs(currentTime_-endTime_) < 0.5*dt_ )return true;
+	if( std::abs(currentTime_-endTime_) < 0.5*dt_ )return true;
 	return false;	
 }
 
 bool pFlow::timeControl::reachedStopAt()const
 {
 	if( currentTime_ >= stopAt_ ) return true;
-	if( abs(currentTime_-stopAt_) < 0.5*dt_ )return true;
+	if( std::abs(currentTime_-stopAt_) < 0.5*dt_ )return true;
 	return false;
 }
 
@@ -145,7 +154,7 @@ void pFlow::timeControl::checkForOutputToFile()
 	bool save = false;
 	if(managedExternaly_)
 	{
-		if( abs(currentTime_-writeTime_) < 0.5*dt_)
+		if( std::abs(currentTime_-writeTime_) < 0.5*dt_)
 		{
 			save = true;
 			lastSaved_ = currentTime_;
@@ -153,12 +162,12 @@ void pFlow::timeControl::checkForOutputToFile()
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		if ( abs(currentTime_ - lastSaved_ - saveInterval_) < 0.5 * dt_ )
+		if ( std::abs(currentTime_ - lastSaved_ - saveInterval_) < 0.5 * dt_ )
 		{	
 			lastSaved_ = currentTime_;
 			save = true;
 		}
-		else if( abs(currentTime_ - lastSaved_) < min( pow(10.0,-1.0*timePrecision_), 0.5 *dt_) )
+		else if( std::abs(currentTime_ - lastSaved_) < std::min( pow(10.0,-1.0*timePrecision_), 0.5 *dt_) )
 		{
 			lastSaved_ = currentTime_;
 			save = true;
@@ -167,14 +176,12 @@ void pFlow::timeControl::checkForOutputToFile()
 	}
 
 	outputToFile_ = save;
-
-
 }
 
 bool pFlow::timeControl::timersReportTime()const
 {
 	if(currentIter_<=1)return false;
-	return timersReportInterval_.isMember(currentTime_, dt_);
+	return timersReportInterval_.isMember(currentTime_, 0.55*dt_);
 }
 
 bool pFlow::timeControl::sortTime()const
@@ -203,7 +210,7 @@ bool pFlow::timeControl::operator ++(int)
 	currentTime_ += dt_;
 	if(screenReport() && !managedExternaly_)
 	{
-		REPORT(0)<<"Time (s): "<<cyanText( currentTimeWord() )<<endREPORT;
+		REPORT(0)<<"Time (s): "<<Cyan_Text( currentTimeWord() )<<END_REPORT;
 	}
 	// switch outputToFile_ on/off
 	checkForOutputToFile();
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/timeControl.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/timeControl.hpp
index 9503d8ea..dc533bd7 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/timeControl.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/timeControl.hpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Licence:
 #include "types.hpp"
 #include "ranges.hpp"
 #include "streams.hpp"
-
+#include "timeInfo.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class dictionary;
 
 class timeControl
 {
-protected:
+private:
 
 
 	//// - Data members
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ protected:
 	
 public:
 
-	timeControl(const dictionary& dict);
+	explicit timeControl(const dictionary& dict);
 
 	timeControl(
 		dictionary& dict,
@@ -99,23 +99,15 @@ public:
 		real saveInterval,
 		word startTimeName);
 	
-	virtual ~timeControl()
-	{}
-
-
+	virtual ~timeControl() = default;
+	
 	real dt()const
 	{
 		return dt_;
 	}
 
-	real setTime(real t)
-	{
-		real tmp = currentTime_;
-		currentTime_ = t;
-		lastSaved_ = t;
-		checkForOutputToFile();
-		return tmp;
-	}
+	real setTime(real t);
+	
 
 	void setStopAt(real sT)
 	{
@@ -192,7 +184,11 @@ public:
 		return timePrecision_;
 	}
 
-
+	inline
+	timeInfo TimeInfo()const
+	{
+		return {static_cast<uint32>(currentIter_), currentTime_, dt_};
+	}
 
 
 };
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/timeInfo.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/timeInfo.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..34e30d90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/timeInfo.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+    O        C enter of
+   O O       E ngineering and
+  O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+ OOOOOOO     F luid flow
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __timeInfo__hpp_
+#define __timeInfo__hpp_
+
+#include "types.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class timeInfo
+{
+private:
+
+	uint32 currentIter_;
+
+	real   currentTime_;
+
+	real   dt_;
+
+public:
+
+	timeInfo(uint32 cIter, real cTime, real dt)
+	  : currentIter_(cIter),
+	    currentTime_(cTime),
+	    dt_(dt)
+	{
+	}
+
+	inline const real& t() const
+	{
+		return currentTime_;
+	}
+	inline const real& dt() const
+	{
+		return dt_;
+	}
+	inline const uint32& iter() const
+	{
+		return currentIter_;
+	}
+};
+
+} // namespace pFlow
+
+#endif //__timeInfo__hpp_
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/repository/repository.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/repository/repository.cpp
index 520afa38..648b912f 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/repository/repository/repository.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/repository/repository.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
 #include "repository.hpp"
 
 
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ pFlow::repository::repository
 	localPath_(localPath),
 	owner_(owner)
 {
-
+    
 	if(owner)
 	{
 		owner->addToRepository(this);
@@ -42,10 +41,20 @@ pFlow::repository::repository
 
 pFlow::repository::~repository()
 {
-	if(owner_)
+	for(auto& objcs: objects_)
+    {
+        objcs.second->releaseOwner(true);
+    }
+    for(auto& reps: repositories_)
+    {
+        reps.second->releaseOwner(true);
+    }
+
+    if(owner_)
 	{
-		owner_->removeRepository(this);
+		owner_->removeFromRepository(this);
 	}
+    
 }
 
 pFlow::word pFlow::repository::name()const
@@ -106,26 +115,58 @@ bool pFlow::repository::addToRepository(repository* rep)
 	return true;
 }	
 
-bool pFlow::repository::removeRepository(repository* rep)
+bool pFlow::repository::removeFromRepository(repository* rep)
 {
 	auto name = rep->name();
 	return repositories_.erase(name) == 1; 
 }
 
+bool pFlow::repository::removeFromRepository(IOobject *io)
+{
+    auto name = io->name();
+	return objects_.erase(name) == 1; 
+    
+}
 
+pFlow::repository *pFlow::repository::releaseOwner(bool fromOwner)
+{
+    auto* old = owner_;
+    if(old && !fromOwner)
+    {
+        old->removeFromRepository(this);
+    }
+    owner_ = nullptr;
+    return old;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::repository::addToRepository(IOobject* io)
+{
+    if( !objects_.insertIf(io->name(), io ) )
+	{
+		warningInFunction<<
+    	"Failed to add object " << io->name() << 
+		" with type "<< lookupObjectTypeName(io->name())<<
+    	" to repository " << this->name() << 
+    	". It is already in this repository. \n";
+    	return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
 
 bool pFlow::repository::lookupObjectName(const word& nm)const
 {
 	return objects_.search(nm);
 }
 
-pFlow::word pFlow::repository::lookupObjectTypeName(
+pFlow::word pFlow::repository::lookupObjectTypeName
+(
 	const word& nm
-	)const
+)const
 {
 	if(auto [iter, found] = objects_.findIf(nm); found)
 	{
-		return iter->second.typeName();
+		return iter->second->typeName();
 	}
 	else
 	{
@@ -143,13 +184,11 @@ bool pFlow::repository::globalLookupObjectName
 )const
 {	
 
-	
-	
 	if(!downward)
 	{	
 		// the object to start search and its owner 
-		auto object = this;
-		auto owner = object->owner();
+		auto* object = this;
+		auto* owner = object->owner();
 
 		// get to the top-most repository 
 		while(!owner)
@@ -241,14 +280,15 @@ bool pFlow::repository::write
 ) const
 {
 	
-	for(auto& obj:objects_)
-	{
+	for(const auto& obj:objects_)
+	{		
 		if(verbose)
 		{
-			REPORT(1)<< "Writing to " << obj.second.path()<<endREPORT;
+			if(obj.second->implyWrite())
+				REPORT(1)<< "Writing to " << obj.second->path()<<END_REPORT;
 		}
 		
-		if(!obj.second.write())
+		if(!obj.second->writeObject())
 		{
 			return false;
 		}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/repository/repository.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/repository/repository.hpp
index b257e692..5e712c16 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/repository/repository/repository.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/repository/repository.hpp
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ namespace pFlow
 
 class repository
 {
-protected:
+private:
 	
 	// - repository name
 	word 		name_;
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ protected:
 	repository* 	 owner_;
 
 	// - sorted names of objects with object index in vector of objects
-	wordMap<IOobject>  	objects_;
+	wordMap<IOobject*>  	objects_;
 
 	// - list of repositories that this repository owns
 	// - it is not a managed list of pointers!
@@ -53,10 +53,11 @@ protected:
 
 
 	template <typename Type1>
-		word reportTypeError (IOobject& object);
+	word reportTypeError (IOobject& object)const;
 
 	template <typename Type>
-		bool checkForObjectType(IOobject& object);
+	static
+	bool checkForObjectType(IOobject& object);
 
 public:
 
@@ -100,60 +101,36 @@ public:
 		// - ref to this repository 
 		repository& thisRepository();
 		
-		// - add rep to this repository 
-		//   return false if the name already exists 
+		/// @brief add repository to this repository 
+		///   return false if the name already exists 
 		bool addToRepository(repository* rep);
 		
-		// - remove rep from the list of repositories 
-		bool removeRepository(repository* rep);
-	
+		/// @brief remove rep from the list of repositories 
+		bool removeFromRepository(repository* rep);
 
-	//// - Add/remove objects 
+        /// @brief add IOobject to this repository
+        bool addToRepository(IOobject* io);
 
-		// - insert the object into repository if it does not exist
-		//   return a refernce to underlying data object, this reference never invalidated 
-		//   until it is deleted from repository.
-		//   issue a fatal error if it is already exists
-		//   ** one time construction and no move/copy of object ** 
-		template<typename T, typename... Args>
-		T& emplaceObject(const objectFile& objf, Args&&... args);
-		
-		// - insert the object into repository if it does not exist
-		//   return a refernce to underlying data object, this reference never invalidated 
-		//   until it is deleted from repository.
-		// - if the object already exist, after type check(if consistent), return the 
-		//   reference of the existing object and create no new object. 
-		//   ** one time construction and no move/copy of object ** 
-		template<typename T, typename... Args>
-		T& emplaceObjectOrGet(const objectFile& objf, Args&&... args);
+    /// @brief remove rep from the list of repositories 
+		bool removeFromRepository(IOobject* io);
 
-		// - insert the object into repository and replace if it already exists (old object is destroyed) 
-		//   return a refernce to underlying data object, this reference never invalidated 
-		//   until it is deleted from repository.
-		//   ** one time construction and no move/copy of object ** 
-		template<typename T, typename... Args>
-		T& emplaceReplaceObject(const objectFile& objf, Args&&... args);
-		
+        repository* releaseOwner(bool fromOwner = false);
 
-		// - Insert_or_replace the IOobejct into repository and change its ownership  
-		//   to this repository, take effect only if the object does not belong to 
-		//   any other repository
-		template<typename T>
-		T& insertReplaceObject(uniquePtr<IOobject>&& ptr );
-		
-
-		// - Insert_or_replace the IOobejct into repository with new objectFile and   
-		//   change the ownership to this repository, take effect only if the object
-		//   does not belong to any other repository
-		template<typename T>
-		T& insertReplaceObject(const objectFile& objf, uniquePtr<IOobject>&& ptr );
-		
-		// - rease an object from this repository
-		bool eraseObject(const word& name)
-		{
-			return objects_.erase(name) == 1;
-		}
+		virtual
+		bool isIncluded(const word& objName)const
+        {
+            if(owner_)
+                return owner_->isIncluded(objName);
+            return false;
+        }
 
+        virtual
+        bool isExcluded(const word& objName)const 
+        {
+            if(owner_)
+                return owner_->isExcluded(objName);
+            return false;
+        }
 
 	//// - lookups and queries
 	
@@ -191,9 +168,13 @@ public:
 			}
 		}
 		
-		// - return a ref to the underlaying data in the object 
+		/// return a ref to the underlaying data in the object 
 		template<typename T>
 		T& lookupObject(const word& name);
+
+		/// return a const ref to the underlaying data in the object 
+		template<typename T>
+		const T& lookupObject(const word& name)const;
 		
 		// - search the name and return a ref to repository
 		repository& lookupRepository(const word& name);
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/repository/repositoryTemplates.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/repository/repositoryTemplates.cpp
index b7e514d7..c1525430 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/repository/repository/repositoryTemplates.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/repository/repositoryTemplates.cpp
@@ -18,12 +18,14 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
+
 template <typename Type1>
-pFlow::word pFlow::repository::reportTypeError (IOobject& object)
+pFlow::word pFlow::repository::reportTypeError(IOobject& object)const
 {
 	word err;
-	err = "The requested object " + object.name() + " with type " + Type1::TYPENAME() + ", while the type " +
-	  	object.typeName() + "is found in repository " + this->name();
+	err = "Object " + object.name() + " with type " + Type1::TYPENAME() + 
+    "is requested, while the type " +
+	  	object.typeName() + "is found in repository " + this->name()+".";
 
 	return err;
 }
@@ -34,139 +36,61 @@ bool pFlow::repository::checkForObjectType(IOobject& object)
 	return Type::TYPENAME() == object.typeName();
 }
 
-template<typename T, typename... Args>
-T& pFlow::repository::emplaceObject(const objectFile& objf, Args&&... args)
-{
-	
-	if( auto [iter2, success2] = objects_.findIf(objf.name()); !success2 )
-	{
-		auto ptr = IOobject::make_object_t<T>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-		auto [iter, success] = objects_.emplace(std::piecewise_construct,
-					 std::forward_as_tuple(objf.name()),
-					 std::forward_as_tuple(objf, this, std::move(ptr) )
-					 );
-	
-		return iter->second.template getObject<T>();
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"IOobject " << objf.name() << " already exists in repository " << name() <<endl;
-		fatalExit;
-		return	iter2->second.template getObject<T>();
-		
-	}
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename... Args>
-T& pFlow::repository::emplaceObjectOrGet(const objectFile& objf, Args&&... args)
-{
-
-	if(auto [iter, success] = objects_.findIf(objf.name()); !success )
-	{
-		return emplaceObject<T>(objf, std::forward<Args>(args)... );
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		// type check 
-		if( checkForObjectType<T>( iter->second ) )
-		{
-			return iter->second.template getObject<T>();
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			fatalErrorInFunction<<
-			"  IOobject "<< objf.name() <<" already exist in the repository "<< name() <<
-			". Trying to return the existing object but there is a type mismatch. \n"<<
-			reportTypeError<T>( iter->second );
-			fatalExit;
-			return iter->second.template getObject<T>(); // this is never executed 
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename... Args>
-T& pFlow::repository::emplaceReplaceObject(const objectFile& objf, Args&&... args)
-{
-	
-	eraseObject(objf.name());
-
-	auto ptr = IOobject::make_object_t<T>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-	auto [iter, success] = objects_.emplace(std::piecewise_construct,
-					 std::forward_as_tuple(objf.name()),
-					 std::forward_as_tuple(objf, this, std::move(ptr) )
-					 );
-	
-	return iter->second.template getObject<T>();
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-T& pFlow::repository::insertReplaceObject(uniquePtr<IOobject>&& ptr )
-{
-	if( !ptr->owner() )
-	{
-		eraseObject(ptr->name());
-		objectFile objf( ptr() );
-		
-		auto [iter, success] = objects_.emplace
-					(
-						std::piecewise_construct,
-					 	std::forward_as_tuple(ptr->name()),
-					 	std::forward_as_tuple(objf, this, std::move(ptr))
-					 );
-		return iter->second.template getObject<T>();
-	}else
-	{
-		return ptr().getObject<T>();
-	}
-}
-
-template<typename T>
-T& pFlow::repository::insertReplaceObject(const objectFile& objf, uniquePtr<IOobject>&& ptr )
-{
-	if( !ptr->owner() )
-	{
-		eraseObject(objf.name());
-		
-		auto [iter, success] = objects_.emplace
-					(
-						std::piecewise_construct,
-					 	std::forward_as_tuple(objf.name()),
-					 	std::forward_as_tuple(objf, this, std::move(ptr))
-					 );
-		return iter->second.template getObject<T>();
-	}else
-	{
-		return ptr().getObject<T>();
-	}
-}
-
-
 template<typename T>
 T& pFlow::repository::lookupObject(const word& name)
 {
 	if( auto [iter, success] = objects_.findIf(name); success )
-    {
+	{
 
-    	if( checkType<T>(iter->second) )
-    	{
-    		return iter->second.template getObject<T>();
+		if( checkType<T>(iter->second) )
+		{
+			return static_cast<T&>(*iter->second);
+			
 
-    	}else
-    	{
-    		fatalErrorInFunction << 
-    		reportTypeError<T>(iter->second)<<endl;
-    		fatalExit;
-    		return iter->second.template getObject<T>();
-    	}
-        
-    }
-    else
-    {
-    	fatalErrorInFunction << 
+		}else
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction << 
+			reportTypeError<T>(*iter->second)<<endl;
+			fatalExit;
+			return static_cast<T&>(*iter->second);
+		}
+		
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction << 
 		"Object with name " << name << " is not found in repository " << this->name()<<endl <<
 		"list of avaiable objest is \n" << objectNames();
-        fatalExit;
-        return iter->second.template getObject<T>();
-    }
+		fatalExit;
+		return static_cast<T&>(*iter->second);
+	}
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+const T& pFlow::repository::lookupObject(const word& name)const
+{
+	if( auto [iter, success] = objects_.findIf(name); success )
+	{
+
+		if( checkType<T>(iter->second) )
+		{
+			return static_cast<const T&>(*iter->second);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction << 
+			reportTypeError<T>(*iter->second)<<endl;
+			fatalExit;
+			return static_cast<T&>(*iter->second);
+		}
+		
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction << 
+		"Object with name " << name << " is not found in repository " << this->name()<<endl <<
+		"list of avaiable objest is \n" << objectNames();
+		fatalExit;
+		return static_cast<T&>(*iter->second);
+	}
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/systemControl/dynamicLinkLibs.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/systemControl/dynamicLinkLibs.cpp
index 6004dd77..f74b4303 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/repository/systemControl/dynamicLinkLibs.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/systemControl/dynamicLinkLibs.cpp
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ pFlow::dynamicLinkLibs::dynamicLinkLibs(
 	}
 	
 
-	REPORT(1)<< "libs are "<< greenText(libNames)<<endREPORT;
+	REPORT(1)<< "libs are "<< Green_Text(libNames)<<END_REPORT;
 
 	for(auto libName:libNames)
 	{
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ pFlow::dynamicLinkLibs::~dynamicLinkLibs()
 
 void* pFlow::dynamicLinkLibs::open(word libName)
 {
-	REPORT(2)<<"Loading "<< greenText(libName)<<endREPORT;
+	REPORT(2)<<"Loading "<< Green_Text(libName)<<END_REPORT;
 
 	void* handle = dlopen(libName.c_str(), RTLD_LAZY|RTLD_GLOBAL);
 	
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/systemControl/systemControl.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/systemControl/systemControl.cpp
index 4cd60260..ab9a52b8 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/repository/systemControl/systemControl.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/systemControl/systemControl.cpp
@@ -2,248 +2,194 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
-#include "types.hpp"
-#include "iOstream.hpp"
-#include "error.hpp"
 #include "systemControl.hpp"
+#include "Lists.hpp"
+#include "error.hpp"
+#include "iOstream.hpp"
+#include "types.hpp"
 #include "vocabs.hpp"
 
-
-pFlow::word pFlow::systemControl::getRunName
-(
-	const fileSystem& path
-)
+bool pFlow::systemControl::readIncludeExclue(const dictionary& dict)
 {
+	if (dict.containsDataEntry("includeObjects"))
+	{
+		wordList incld = dict.getVal<wordList>("includeObjects");
+		for (auto& nm : incld)
+		{
+			includeList_.insert(nm);
+		}
+	}
 
-	// gets the canonical form of path
-	word wPath = path.canonical().wordPath()+"/";
-
-	auto first = wPath.find_first_of('/');
-    auto last  = wPath.find_last_of('/');
-
-    if( first == word::npos)
-    {
-    	fatalErrorInFunction <<
-    	"path is empty \n";
-    	fatalExit; 
-    }
-    
-    if( last == wPath.size()-1)
-    {
-    	wPath = wPath.substr(0,last);
-    	last = wPath.find_last_of('/');
-    }
-	
-    word rName = wPath.substr(last+1);
-    
-	return rName;
-
+	if (dict.containsDataEntry("excludeObjects"))
+	{
+		wordList excld = dict.getVal<wordList>("excludeObjects");
+		for (auto& nm : excld)
+		{
+			excludeList_.insert(nm);
+		}
+	}
+	return true;
 }
 
-pFlow::word pFlow::systemControl::getTopFolder
-(
-	const fileSystem& path
-)
+pFlow::word pFlow::systemControl::getRunName(const fileSystem& path)
 {
+	// gets the canonical form of path
+	word wPath = path.canonical().wordPath() + "/";
 
+	auto first = wPath.find_first_of('/');
+	auto last  = wPath.find_last_of('/');
+
+	if (first == word::npos)
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction << "path is empty \n";
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+	if (last == wPath.size() - 1)
+	{
+		wPath = wPath.substr(0, last);
+		last  = wPath.find_last_of('/');
+	}
+
+	word rName = wPath.substr(last + 1);
+
+	return rName;
+}
+
+pFlow::word pFlow::systemControl::getTopFolder(const fileSystem& path)
+{
 	// gets the canonical form of path
 	word wPath = path.canonical().wordPath();
 
 	auto first = wPath.find_first_of('/');
-    auto last  = wPath.find_last_of('/');
+	auto last  = wPath.find_last_of('/');
 
-    if( first == word::npos)
-    {
-    	fatalErrorInFunction <<
-    	"path is empty \n";
-    	fatalExit; 
-    }
+	if (first == word::npos)
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction << "path is empty \n";
+		fatalExit;
+	}
 
-    if( last == wPath.size()-1)
-    {
-    	wPath = wPath.substr(0,last);
-    	last = wPath.find_last_of('/');
-    }
+	if (last == wPath.size() - 1)
+	{
+		wPath = wPath.substr(0, last);
+		last  = wPath.find_last_of('/');
+	}
+
+	word tFolder = wPath.substr(0, last);
 
-    word tFolder = wPath.substr(0,last);
-    
 	return tFolder;
-
 }
 
+pFlow::systemControl::systemControl(const fileSystem path)
+  : repository(
+        "systemControl",
+        path,   // local path
+        nullptr // no owner
+    ),
+    runName_(getRunName(path)),
+    topLevelFolder_(getTopFolder(path)),
+    settingsDict_(makeUnique<fileDictionary>(
+        objectFile(
+            settingsFile__,
+            settingsFolder__,
+            objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
+            objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
+        ),
+        this
+    )),
+    Time_(this, settingsDict_()),
+    settings_(
+        makeUnique<repository>(settingsRepository__, settingsFolder__, this)
+    ),
+    caseSetup_(
+        makeUnique<repository>(caseSetupRepository__, caseSetupFolder__, this)
+    ),
 
-pFlow::systemControl::systemControl
-(
-	const fileSystem path
-)
-:
-	repository
-	(
-		"systemControl",
-		path, 		// local path
-		nullptr    // no owner
-	),
-	runName_
-	(
-		getRunName(path)
-	),
-	topLevelFolder_
-	(	
-		getTopFolder(path)
-	),
-	settings_
-	(
-		settingsRepository__,
-		settingsFolder__,
-		this
-	),
-	caseSetup_
-	(
-		caseSetupRepository__,
-		caseSetupFolder__,
-		this
-	),
-	settingsDict_
-	(
-		settings().emplaceObject<dictionary>
-		(
-			objectFile
-			(
-				settingsFile__,
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
-				objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
-			),
-			settingsFile__,
-			true
-		)
-	),
-	libs_(settingsDict_),
-	outFilePrecision_(
-		settingsDict_.getValOrSet("outFilePrecision", static_cast<size_t>(6))
-		),
-	Time_
-	(
-		this,
-		settingsDict_
-	),
-	g_(
-		settingsDict_.getVal<realx3>("g")
-	),
-	domain_(
-		settingsDict_.subDict("domain")
-	),
-	timers_(runName_),
-	timersReport_
-	(
-		settingsDict_.getValOrSet("timersReport", Logical("Yes"))
-	),
-	writeToFileTimer_("Write to file", &timers_)	
-{}
+    libs_(settingsDict_()),
+    outFilePrecision_(
+        settingsDict_().getValOrSet("outFilePrecision", static_cast<uint64>(6))
+    ),
+    timers_(runName_),
+    timersReport_(settingsDict_().getValOrSet("timersReport", Logical("Yes"))),
+    writeToFileTimer_("Write to file", &timers_)
+{
+	readIncludeExclue(settingsDict_());
+}
 
 pFlow::systemControl::systemControl(
-		const real startTime, 
-		const real endTime,
-		const real saveInterval,
-		const word startTimeName,
-		const fileSystem path)
-:
-	repository
-	(
-		"systemControl",
-		path, 		// local path
-		nullptr    // no owner
-	),
-	runName_
-	(
-		getRunName(path)
-	),
-	topLevelFolder_
-	(	
-		getTopFolder(path)
-	),
-	settings_
-	(
-		settingsRepository__,
-		settingsFolder__,
-		this
-	),
-	caseSetup_
-	(
-		caseSetupRepository__,
-		caseSetupFolder__,
-		this
-	),
-	settingsDict_
-	(
-		settings().emplaceObject<dictionary>
-		(
-			objectFile
-			(
-				settingsFile__,
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
-				objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
-			),
-			settingsFile__,
-			true
-		)
-	),
-	libs_(settingsDict_),
-	Time_
-	(
-		this,
-		settingsDict_,
-		startTime, 
-		endTime, 
-		saveInterval, 
-		startTimeName
-	),
-	externalTimeControl_(true),
-	g_(
-		settingsDict_.getVal<realx3>("g")
-	),
-	domain_(
-		settingsDict_.subDict("domain")
-	),
-	timers_(runName_),
-	timersReport_
-	(
-		settingsDict_.getValOrSet("timersReport", Logical("Yes"))
-	),
-	writeToFileTimer_("Write to file", &timers_)	
-{}
-
-
-bool pFlow::systemControl::operator ++(int)
+    const real       startTime,
+    const real       endTime,
+    const real       saveInterval,
+    const word       startTimeName,
+    const fileSystem path
+)
+  : repository(
+        "systemControl",
+        path,   // local path
+        nullptr // no owner
+    ),
+    runName_(getRunName(path)),
+    topLevelFolder_(getTopFolder(path)),
+    settingsDict_(makeUnique<fileDictionary>(
+        objectFile(
+            settingsFile__,
+            settingsFolder__,
+            objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
+            objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
+        ),
+        this
+    )),
+    Time_(
+        this,
+        settingsDict_(),
+        startTime,
+        endTime,
+        saveInterval,
+        startTimeName
+    ),
+    settings_(
+        makeUnique<repository>(settingsRepository__, settingsFolder__, this)
+    ),
+    caseSetup_(
+        makeUnique<repository>(caseSetupRepository__, caseSetupFolder__, this)
+    ),
+    libs_(settingsDict_()),
+    externalTimeControl_(true),
+    timers_(runName_),
+    timersReport_(settingsDict_->getValOrSet("timersReport", Logical("Yes"))),
+    writeToFileTimer_("Write to file", &timers_)
 {
+	readIncludeExclue(settingsDict_());
+}
 
+bool pFlow::systemControl::operator++(int)
+{
 	auto toContinue = time()++;
 
-	if(toContinue)
+	if (toContinue)
 	{
 		writeToFileTimer_.start();
-		//if(time().currentIter() != 0 )
+		// if(time().currentIter() != 0 )
 		{
-			//- save the results to file  
-			if( !time().write() )
+			//- save the results to file
+			if (!time().write())
 			{
 				fatalErrorInFunction;
 				return false;
@@ -251,27 +197,23 @@ bool pFlow::systemControl::operator ++(int)
 		}
 		writeToFileTimer_.end();
 
-		if( time().timersReportTime() &&
-		timersReport() )
+		if (time().timersReportTime() && timersReport())
 		{
-			timers_.write(output, true);
+			timers_.write(mOutput, true);
 		}
-
 	}
 	else if (time().finalTime())
 	{
 		writeToFileTimer_.start();
-		if( !time().write() )
+		if (!time().write())
 		{
 			fatalErrorInFunction;
 			return false;
 		}
 		writeToFileTimer_.end();
 
-		timers_.write(output, true);
+		timers_.write(mOutput, true);
 	}
-	
+
 	return toContinue;
 }
-
-
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/systemControl/systemControl.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/systemControl/systemControl.hpp
index 4556ff40..94d3b939 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/repository/systemControl/systemControl.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/systemControl/systemControl.hpp
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ Licence:
 
 #include "types.hpp"
 #include "Time.hpp"
-#include "dictionary.hpp"
-#include "box.hpp"
+#include "fileDictionary.hpp"
 #include "Timers.hpp"
 #include "dynamicLinkLibs.hpp"
+#include "Set.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
@@ -50,35 +50,27 @@ protected:
 	// - path to top-level folder 
 	const fileSystem 	topLevelFolder_;
 
+    /// settingsDict fileDictionary
+	uniquePtr<fileDictionary> 	settingsDict_;
 
+    /// time repository
+    Time 			            Time_;
 
-	// - settings folder repository
-	repository 			settings_;
+	/// settings folder repository
+	uniquePtr<repository> 		settings_;
 
-	// - caseSetup folder repository
-	repository 			caseSetup_;
+	/// caseSetup folder repository
+	uniquePtr<repository>       caseSetup_;
 
-	// - settingsDict fileDictionary
-	dictionary& 		settingsDict_;
-
-	// - extra libs to be loaded
-	dynamicLinkLibs 	libs_;
+	/// extra libs to be loaded
+	dynamicLinkLibs 	        libs_;
 	
-	// - precision for writing to file 
+	/// precision for writing to file 
 	size_t 			outFilePrecision_ = 6;
 
-	// - time repository
-	Time 			Time_;
 
-	// - if time control is managed externaly
-
-	bool 				externalTimeControl_ = false;
-
-	// - acceleration 
-	realx3 			g_;
-
-	// - domain for dem world
-	box  			domain_;
+	/// if time control is managed externaly
+	bool 			externalTimeControl_ = false;
 
 	// all timers
 	Timers 			timers_;
@@ -87,6 +79,13 @@ protected:
 
 	Timer 			writeToFileTimer_;
 
+	wordSet 		includeList_;
+
+	wordSet 		excludeList_;
+    
+	
+	bool readIncludeExclue(const dictionary& dict);
+
 	static word getRunName( const fileSystem& path);
 	
 	static word getTopFolder(const fileSystem& path);
@@ -104,25 +103,25 @@ public:
 		const fileSystem path = CWD() );
 
 	const repository& settings() const{
-		return settings_;
+		return settings_();
 	}
 
 	repository& settings(){
-		return settings_;
+		return settings_();
 	}
 
 	const repository& caseSetup()const{
-		return caseSetup_;
+		return caseSetup_();
 	}
 
 	repository& caseSetup(){
-		return caseSetup_;
+		return caseSetup_();
 	}
 
 	
 	const Time& time() const
 	{
-		return const_cast<Time&>(Time_);
+		return Time_;
 	}
 
 	Time& time()
@@ -155,27 +154,25 @@ public:
 		return timersReport_();
 	}
 
-	const dictionary& settingsDict()const{
-		return settingsDict_;
+	const fileDictionary& settingsDict()const{
+		return settingsDict_();
 	}
 
-	dictionary& settingsDict(){
-		return settingsDict_;
+	fileDictionary& settingsDict(){
+		return settingsDict_();
 	}
 
+	//fileDictionary& domainDict();
+	
+
 	virtual word runName() const
 	{
 		return runName_;
 	}
 
-	inline const realx3& g()const
+	inline const realx3 g()const
 	{
-		return g_;
-	}
-
-	inline const box& domain()const
-	{
-		return domain_;
+		return settingsDict_().getVal<realx3>("g");
 	}
 
 	bool operator ++(int);
@@ -192,6 +189,36 @@ public:
 		return outFilePrecision_;
 	}
 
+	
+	bool isIncluded(const word& objName)const final
+	{
+		return includeList_.count(objName) == static_cast<size_t>(1);
+	}
+
+	
+	bool isExcluded(const word& objName)const final
+	{
+		return excludeList_.count(objName) == static_cast<size_t>(1);
+	}
+
+	void clearIncludeExclude()
+	{
+		includeList_.clear();
+		excludeList_.clear();
+	}
+
+	bool addInclude(const word& objName)
+	{
+		auto [iter, success] = includeList_.insert(objName);
+		return success;
+	}
+
+	bool addExclude(const word& objName)
+	{
+		auto [ite, success] = excludeList_.insert(objName);
+		return success;
+	}
+
 };
 
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/setFieldList/setFieldEntry.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/setFieldList/setFieldEntry.cpp
index 8cb0c24f..7da664fa 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/setFieldList/setFieldEntry.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/setFieldList/setFieldEntry.cpp
@@ -39,13 +39,15 @@ bool pFlow::setFieldEntry::checkForTypeAndValueAll()const
 	if( 
 		!(
 			checkForTypeAndValue<int8>() ||
-			checkForTypeAndValue<int16>() ||
+			checkForTypeAndValue<uint8>() ||
 			checkForTypeAndValue<int32>() ||
 			checkForTypeAndValue<int64>() ||
 			checkForTypeAndValue<uint32>() ||
-			checkForTypeAndValue<label>() ||
+			checkForTypeAndValue<uint64>() ||
 			checkForTypeAndValue<real>()  ||
-			checkForTypeAndValue<realx3>()
+			checkForTypeAndValue<realx3>() ||
+			checkForTypeAndValue<realx4>() ||
+			checkForTypeAndValue<word>()
 		 )
 	   )
 	{
@@ -57,40 +59,58 @@ bool pFlow::setFieldEntry::checkForTypeAndValueAll()const
 	return true;
 }
 
-void* pFlow::setFieldEntry::setPointFieldDefaultValueNewAll
+pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::IOobject> 
+	pFlow::setFieldEntry::setPointFieldDefaultValueNewAll
 (
-	repository& owner,
 	pointStructure& pStruct,
 	bool verbose
 )
 {
-	if( void* res =  setPointFieldDefaultValueNew<int8> (owner, pStruct, verbose) ; res)
+	uniquePtr<IOobject> Ptr = nullptr;
+
+	if(  Ptr =  setPointFieldDefaultValueNew<int8>(pStruct, verbose) ; Ptr)
 	{
-		return res;
-	}else if(void* res = setPointFieldDefaultValueNew<int16>(owner, pStruct, verbose); res)
+		return Ptr;
+	}
+	else if(Ptr = setPointFieldDefaultValueNew<uint8>(pStruct, verbose); Ptr)
 	{
-		return res;
-	}else if(void* res = setPointFieldDefaultValueNew<int32> (owner, pStruct, verbose); res)
+		return Ptr;
+	}
+	else if(Ptr = setPointFieldDefaultValueNew<int32> (pStruct, verbose); Ptr)
 	{
-		return res;
-	}else if(void* res = setPointFieldDefaultValueNew<int64> (owner, pStruct, verbose); res)
+		return Ptr;
+	}
+	else if(Ptr = setPointFieldDefaultValueNew<int64> (pStruct, verbose); Ptr)
 	{
-		return res;
-	}else if(void* res = setPointFieldDefaultValueNew<uint32> (owner, pStruct, verbose); res)
+		return Ptr;
+	}
+	else if(Ptr = setPointFieldDefaultValueNew<uint32> (pStruct, verbose); Ptr)
 	{
-		return res;
-	}else if(void* res = setPointFieldDefaultValueNew<label>(owner, pStruct, verbose); res)
+		return Ptr;
+	}
+	else if(Ptr = setPointFieldDefaultValueNew<int64>(pStruct, verbose); Ptr)
 	{
-		return res;
-	}else if(void* res = setPointFieldDefaultValueNew<real>(owner, pStruct, verbose); res)
+		return Ptr;
+	}
+	else if(Ptr = setPointFieldDefaultValueNew<uint64>(pStruct, verbose); Ptr)
 	{
-		return res;
-	}else if(void* res = setPointFieldDefaultValueNew<realx3>(owner, pStruct, verbose); res)
+		return Ptr;
+	}
+	else if(Ptr = setPointFieldDefaultValueNew<real>(pStruct, verbose); Ptr)
 	{
-		return res;
-	}else if(void* res = setPointFieldDefaultValueStdNew<word>(owner, pStruct, verbose); res)
+		return Ptr;
+	}
+	else if(Ptr = setPointFieldDefaultValueNew<realx3>(pStruct, verbose); Ptr)
 	{
-		return res;
+		return Ptr;
+	}
+	else if(Ptr = setPointFieldDefaultValueNew<realx4>(pStruct, verbose); Ptr)
+	{
+		return Ptr;
+	}
+	else if(Ptr = setPointFieldDefaultValueNew<word>(pStruct, verbose); Ptr)
+	{
+		return Ptr;
 	}else
 	{
 		fatalErrorInFunction<< 
@@ -100,46 +120,59 @@ void* pFlow::setFieldEntry::setPointFieldDefaultValueNewAll
 
 }
 
-void* pFlow::setFieldEntry::setPointFieldSelectedAll
+bool pFlow::setFieldEntry::setPointFieldSelectedAll
 (
 	repository& owner,
-	int32IndexContainer& selected,
+	uint32IndexContainer& selected,
 	bool verbose
 )
 {
 
-	if( void* res =  setPointFieldSelected<int8> (owner, selected, verbose) ; res)
+	if( setPointFieldSelected<int8> (owner, selected, verbose))
 	{
-		return res;
-	}else if(void* res = setPointFieldSelected<int16>(owner, selected, verbose); res)
+		return true;
+	}
+	else if( setPointFieldSelected<uint8>(owner, selected, verbose))
 	{
-		return res;
-	}else if(void* res = setPointFieldSelected<int32> (owner, selected, verbose); res)
+		return true;
+	}
+	else if( setPointFieldSelected<int32>(owner, selected, verbose))
 	{
-		return res;
-	}else if(void* res = setPointFieldSelected<int64> (owner, selected, verbose); res)
+		return true;
+	}
+	else if( setPointFieldSelected<uint32>(owner, selected, verbose))
 	{
-		return res;
-	}else if(void* res = setPointFieldSelected<uint32> (owner, selected, verbose); res)
+		return true;
+	}
+	else if( setPointFieldSelected<int64>(owner, selected, verbose))
 	{
-		return res;
-	}else if(void* res = setPointFieldSelected<label>(owner, selected, verbose); res)
+		return true;
+	}
+	else if( setPointFieldSelected<uint64>(owner, selected, verbose))
 	{
-		return res;
-	}else if(void* res = setPointFieldSelected<real>(owner, selected, verbose); res)
+		return true;
+	}
+	else if( setPointFieldSelected<real>(owner, selected, verbose))
 	{
-		return res;
-	}else if(void* res = setPointFieldSelected<realx3>(owner, selected, verbose); res)
+		return true;
+	}
+	else if( setPointFieldSelected<realx3>(owner, selected, verbose))
 	{
-		return res;
-	}else if(void* res = setPointFieldSelectedStd<word>(owner, selected, verbose); res)
+		return true;
+	}
+	else if( setPointFieldSelected<realx4>(owner, selected, verbose))
 	{
-		return res;
-	}else
+		return true;
+	}
+	else if( setPointFieldSelected<word>(owner, selected, verbose))
+	{
+		return true;
+	}
+	else
 	{
 		fatalErrorInFunction<< 
 		"  un-supported data type "<<entry_.firstPart() << " in setField for field " << fieldName() <<endl;
-		return nullptr;
+		return false;
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/setFieldList/setFieldEntry.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/setFieldList/setFieldEntry.hpp
index 214d9d57..f23bdaae 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/setFieldList/setFieldEntry.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/setFieldList/setFieldEntry.hpp
@@ -65,48 +65,34 @@ public:
 		bool checkForTypeAndValueAll()const;
 		
 		template <typename Type>
-		void* setPointFieldDefaultValueNew
+		uniquePtr<pointField_H<Type>> 
+			setPointFieldDefaultValueNew
 		(
-			repository& owner,
 			pointStructure& pStruct,
 			bool verbose = false
 		);
 
-		template<typename Type>
-		void* setPointFieldDefaultValueStdNew
+		uniquePtr<IOobject>
+			 setPointFieldDefaultValueNewAll
 		(
-			repository& owner,
-			pointStructure& pStruct,
-			bool verbose = false
-		);
-
-		void* setPointFieldDefaultValueNewAll
-		(
-			repository& owner,
 			pointStructure& pStruct,
 			bool verbose = false
 		);
 
 		template <typename Type>
-		void* setPointFieldSelected
+		bool setPointFieldSelected
 		(
 			repository& owner,
-			int32IndexContainer& selected,
+			uint32IndexContainer& selected,
 			bool verbose = false
 		);
 
-		template <typename Type>
-		void* setPointFieldSelectedStd
-		(
-			repository& owner,
-			int32IndexContainer& selected,
-			bool verbose = false
-		);
+		
 
-		void* setPointFieldSelectedAll
+		bool setPointFieldSelectedAll
 		(
 			repository& owner,
-			int32IndexContainer& selected,
+			uint32IndexContainer& selected,
 			bool verbose = false
 		);
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/setFieldList/setFieldEntryTemplates.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/setFieldList/setFieldEntryTemplates.cpp
index 32e63e96..2ee5576c 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/setFieldList/setFieldEntryTemplates.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/setFieldList/setFieldEntryTemplates.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ template <typename Type>
 bool pFlow::setFieldEntry::checkForType()const
 {
 	word typeName( entry_.firstPart() );
-	return basicTypeName<Type>() == typeName;
+	return getTypeName<Type>() == typeName;
 };
 
 template <typename Type>
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ bool pFlow::setFieldEntry::checkForTypeAndValue()const
 }
 
 template <typename Type>
-void* pFlow::setFieldEntry::setPointFieldDefaultValueNew
+pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::pointField_H<Type>>
+	 pFlow::setFieldEntry::setPointFieldDefaultValueNew
 (
-	repository& owner,
 	pointStructure& pStruct,
 	bool verbose
 )
@@ -50,13 +50,10 @@ void* pFlow::setFieldEntry::setPointFieldDefaultValueNew
 	Type defValue = entry_.secondPartVal<Type>();
 	
 	if(verbose)
-		REPORT(2)<<"Creating pointField " << greenText(fieldName())<< " with default value " << cyanText(defValue)<<
-	             " in repository "<< owner.name() <<endREPORT;
-
+		REPORT(2)<<"Creating pointField " << Green_Text(fieldName())<< " with default value " << Cyan_Text(defValue)<<
+	             " in repository "<< pStruct.owner()->name() <<END_REPORT;
 	
-	auto& field = 
-	owner.emplaceObject<pointField<VectorSingle,Type>>
-	(
+	auto Ptr = makeUnique<pointField_H<Type>>(
 		objectFile
 		(
 			fieldName(),
@@ -65,56 +62,24 @@ void* pFlow::setFieldEntry::setPointFieldDefaultValueNew
 			objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
 		),
 		pStruct,
-		defValue
+		defValue,
+		defValue	
 	);
-
-	return &field;
+	
+	return Ptr;
 }
 
+
+
 template <typename Type>
-void* pFlow::setFieldEntry::setPointFieldDefaultValueStdNew
+bool pFlow::setFieldEntry::setPointFieldSelected
 (
 	repository& owner,
-	pointStructure& pStruct,
+	uint32IndexContainer& selected,
 	bool verbose
 )
 {
-
-	if( !checkForType<Type>() ) return nullptr;
-	
-	Type defValue = entry_.secondPartVal<Type>();
-	
-	if(verbose)
-		REPORT(2)<<"Creating pointField " << greenText(fieldName())<< " with default value " << cyanText(defValue)<<
-	             " in repository "<< owner.name() <<endREPORT;
-
-	// by default we perform operations on host
-	auto& field = 
-	owner.emplaceObject<pointField<Vector,Type, vecAllocator<Type>>>
-	(
-		objectFile
-		(
-			fieldName(),
-			"",
-			objectFile::READ_NEVER,
-			objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
-		),
-		pStruct,
-		defValue
-	);
-
-	return &field;
-}
-
-template <typename Type>
-void* pFlow::setFieldEntry::setPointFieldSelected
-(
-	repository& owner,
-	int32IndexContainer& selected,
-	bool verbose
-)
-{
-	if( !checkForType<Type>() ) return nullptr;
+	if( !checkForType<Type>() ) return false;
 
 	
 	auto fName = fieldName();
@@ -123,93 +88,30 @@ void* pFlow::setFieldEntry::setPointFieldSelected
 	{
 		fatalErrorInFunction<<
 		"Cannot find "<< fName << " in repository " << owner.name() << ". \n";
-		return nullptr;
+		return false;
 	}
 
 	Type value = entry_.secondPartVal<Type>();
 
 	if(verbose)
-		REPORT(2)<< "Setting selected points of " << greenText(fName)
-		 		 << " to value " << cyanText(value) <<endREPORT;
+		REPORT(2)<< "Setting selected points of " << Green_Text(fName)
+		 		 << " to value " << Cyan_Text(value) <<END_REPORT;
 	
 	
 	auto fieldTypeName = owner.lookupObjectTypeName(fName);
 
-	if( pointField<VectorSingle,Type>::TYPENAME() == fieldTypeName )
+	if( getTypeName<pointField_H<Type>>() == fieldTypeName )
 	{
 		
-		auto& field = owner.lookupObject<pointField<VectorSingle,Type>>(fName);
+		auto& field = owner.lookupObject<pointField_H<Type>>(fName);
 		if(field.insertSetElement(selected, value))
-			return &field;
+			return true;
 		else
-			return nullptr;
-	}
-
-	if( pointField<VectorSingle,Type, HostSpace>::TYPENAME() == fieldTypeName )
-	{
-		
-		auto& field = owner.lookupObject<pointField<VectorSingle,Type,HostSpace>>(fName);
-		if(field.insertSetElement(selected, value))
-			return &field;
-		else
-			return nullptr;
-	}
-
-	if( pointField<VectorDual,Type>::TYPENAME() == fieldTypeName )
-	{
-		
-		auto& field = owner.lookupObject<pointField<VectorDual,Type>>(fName);
-		if(field.insertSetElement(selected, value))
-			return &field;
-		else
-			return nullptr;
+			return false;
 	}
 
 	fatalErrorInFunction<<
 	fieldTypeName<< " is not a supported field type for setFieldEntry.\n";
-	return nullptr;
-	
+	return false;
 }
 
-template <typename Type>
-void* pFlow::setFieldEntry::setPointFieldSelectedStd
-(
-	repository& owner,
-	int32IndexContainer& selected,
-	bool verbose
-)
-{
-	
-	if( !checkForType<Type>() ) return nullptr;
-
-	
-	auto fName = fieldName();
-
-	if( !owner.lookupObjectName(fName) )
-	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"  Cannot find "<< fName << " in repository " << owner.name() << ". \n";
-		return nullptr;
-	}
-
-	
-	Type value = entry_.secondPartVal<Type>();
-
-	if(verbose)
-		REPORT(2)<< "Setting selected points of " << greenText(fName)
-		 		 << " to value " << cyanText(value) <<endREPORT;
-	
-	
-	auto fieldTypeName = owner.lookupObjectTypeName(fName);
-
-	if( pointField<Vector, Type, vecAllocator<Type>>::TYPENAME() == fieldTypeName )
-	{
-		auto& field = owner.lookupObject<pointField<Vector,Type, vecAllocator<Type>>>(fName);
-		if(field.insertSetElement(selected, value))
-			return &field;
-		else
-			return nullptr;
-	}
-
-	return nullptr;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/smartPointers/uniquePtr.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/smartPointers/uniquePtr.hpp
index 9375d15c..7bb6a6b9 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/smartPointers/uniquePtr.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/smartPointers/uniquePtr.hpp
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
 #ifndef __uniquePtr_hpp__
 #define __uniquePtr_hpp__
 
@@ -38,40 +37,35 @@ namespace pFlow
 
 
 template<
-	typename T, 
-	typename Deleter = std::default_delete<T>
+	typename T
 >
 class uniquePtr
 :
-	public std::unique_ptr<T, Deleter>
+	public std::unique_ptr<T>
 {
 public:
 
-	typedef std::unique_ptr<T,Deleter>  uniquePtrType;
+	using uniquePtrType = std::unique_ptr<T>;
 
 	// using base constructors 
 	using uniquePtrType::unique_ptr;
 
 
 	template<typename... Args>
-    inline static uniquePtr<T> makeUnique(Args&&... args)
-    {
-    	return uniquePtr<T>(new T(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
-    }
+	inline static uniquePtr<T> makeUnique(Args&&... args)
+	{
+		return uniquePtr<T>(new T(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+	}
 
-    void clear()
-    {
-    	if( ! (*this) )
-    	{
-    		auto p = this->release();
-    		delete p;
-    	}
-    }
+	void clear()
+	{
+		this->reset(nullptr);
+	}
 
-    // ref to the object of type T
+	// ref to the object of type T
 	T& operator ()()
 	{
-		if(!this->get())
+		if(!*this)
 		{
 			fatalErrorInFunction <<
 			"uniquePtr is empty, and you are trying to get its reference. \n" <<
@@ -84,14 +78,19 @@ public:
 	// const ref to the object of type T
 	const T& operator() () const
 	{
-		if(!this->get())
+		if(!*this)
 		{
 			fatalErrorInFunction <<
 			"uniquePtr is empty, and you are trying to get its reference. \n" <<
 			"Type name is "<< typeid(T).name()<<"\n";
 			fatalExit;
 		}
-		return const_cast<T&>(*this->get());
+		return static_cast<const T&>(*this->get());
+	}
+
+	explicit operator bool() const
+	{
+		return this->get()!= nullptr;
 	}
 
 };
@@ -104,7 +103,4 @@ inline uniquePtr<T> makeUnique(Args&&... args)
 
 }
 
-
-
-
 #endif
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/Fstream/fileStream.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/Fstream/fileStream.cpp
index 8edf2d3a..cbd14ae8 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/Fstream/fileStream.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/Fstream/fileStream.cpp
@@ -17,9 +17,6 @@ Licence:
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-// based on OpenFOAM stream, with some modifications/simplifications
-// to be tailored to our needs
-
 
 #include "fileStream.hpp"
 #include "error.hpp"
@@ -73,13 +70,30 @@ void pFlow::fileStream::openOutFile
 	
 	if(binary_)
 	{
-		outStream_ = makeUnique< std::ofstream>(
+		if(append_)
+		{
+			outStream_ = makeUnique< std::ofstream>(
+			path.wordPath(), std::ios_base::out| std::ios::binary|std::ios::app);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			outStream_ = makeUnique< std::ofstream>(
 			path.wordPath(), std::ios_base::out| std::ios::binary);
+		}
 	}
 	else
-		outStream_ = makeUnique< std::ofstream>(
+	{
+		if(append_)
+		{
+			outStream_ = makeUnique< std::ofstream>(
+			path.wordPath(), std::ios_base::out|std::ios::app);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			outStream_ = makeUnique< std::ofstream>(
 			path.wordPath(), std::ios_base::out);
-
+		}
+	}
 
 	if(!outStream_->is_open())
 	{
@@ -106,12 +120,14 @@ pFlow::fileStream::fileStream
 (
 	const fileSystem& path,
 	bool outStream,
-	bool binary
+	bool binary,
+	bool append
 )
 :
 	inStream_(nullptr),
 	outStream_(nullptr),
-	binary_(binary)
+	binary_(binary),
+	append_(append)
 {
 
 	if(outStream)
@@ -133,6 +149,3 @@ std::ofstream& pFlow::fileStream::outStream()
 {
 	return outStream_();
 }
-
-
-
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/Fstream/fileStream.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/Fstream/fileStream.hpp
index 8804200c..670c13e3 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/Fstream/fileStream.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/Fstream/fileStream.hpp
@@ -33,49 +33,63 @@ Licence:
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
+/**
+ * Creates and manages an input/output file stream 
+ * with specified format. 
+ * 
+ * It is based on OpenFOAM stream, with some modifications/simplifications
+ * to be tailored to our needs.
+ */
 class fileStream
 {
 protected:
 
-	// - in file stream 
+	/// in file stream 
 	uniquePtr<std::ifstream> inStream_;
 	
-	// - out file stream
+	/// out file stream
 	uniquePtr<std::ofstream> outStream_;
 
 	bool binary_ = false;
 	
-	// - open input file
+	bool append_ = false;
+
+	/// open input file
 	void openInFile(const fileSystem& path);
 	
-	// - open output file
+	/// open output file
 	void openOutFile(const fileSystem& path);
 	
-	// - close streams 
+	/// close streams 
 	void close();
 
 public:
 
-	// - Constructors
+	//// - Constructors
 
-	fileStream( const fileSystem& path, bool outStream = false, bool binary = false);
-	
-	fileStream(const fileStream&)= delete;
+		/// From file path and input type and format. 
+		fileStream( const fileSystem& path, bool outStream = false, bool binary = false, bool append = false);
+		
+		/// No copy
+		fileStream(const fileStream&)= delete;
 
-	fileStream& operator=(const fileStream&)=delete;
+		/// No assignment
+		fileStream& operator=(const fileStream&)=delete;
 
-	virtual ~fileStream() 
-	{
-		close();
-	}
+		/// Destructor
+		virtual ~fileStream() 
+		{
+			close();
+		}
 	
 	
-	// - access 
-
-	std::ifstream& inStream();
+	//// - Access 
 	
-	std::ofstream& outStream();
-
+		/// Access input file stream 
+		std::ifstream& inStream();
+		
+		/// Access output file stream 
+		std::ofstream& outStream();
 };
 
 }
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/Fstream/iFstream.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/Fstream/iFstream.cpp
index 2eb0a4fe..01043a95 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/Fstream/iFstream.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/Fstream/iFstream.cpp
@@ -17,9 +17,6 @@ Licence:
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-// based on OpenFOAM stream, with some modifications/simplifications
-// to be tailored to our needs
-
 
 #include "iFstream.hpp"
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/Fstream/iFstream.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/Fstream/iFstream.hpp
index a37baf81..dc90a8c2 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/Fstream/iFstream.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/Fstream/iFstream.hpp
@@ -17,9 +17,6 @@ Licence:
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-// based on OpenFOAM stream, with some modifications/simplifications
-// to be tailored to our needs
-
 #ifndef __iFstream_hpp__
 #define __iFstream_hpp__
 
@@ -31,7 +28,12 @@ Licence:
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-
+/**
+ * Input file stream for reading binary or ascii data from a file. 
+ * 
+ * It is based on OpenFOAM stream, with some modifications/simplifications
+ * to be tailored to our needs.
+ */
 class iFstream
 :
 	public fileStream,
@@ -39,17 +41,19 @@ class iFstream
 {
 public:
 
-	// - Constructor 
-	iFstream (const fileSystem& path, bool binary = false);
+	//// - Constructors
 
-	// no copy constructor
-	iFstream( const iFstream& src) = delete;
+		/// From file path and format 
+		iFstream (const fileSystem& path, bool binary = false);
 
-	// no assignment
-	iFstream& operator = (const iFstream& rhs) = delete;
+		/// No copy constructor
+		iFstream( const iFstream& src) = delete;
 
-	// - Destructor
-	virtual ~iFstream() = default;
+		/// No assignment
+		iFstream& operator = (const iFstream& rhs) = delete;
+
+		/// Destructor
+		virtual ~iFstream() = default;
 
 };
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/Fstream/oFstream.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/Fstream/oFstream.cpp
index 5e975843..95da62ae 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/Fstream/oFstream.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/Fstream/oFstream.cpp
@@ -17,16 +17,14 @@ Licence:
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-// based on OpenFOAM stream, with some modifications/simplifications
-// to be tailored to our needs
 
 
 #include "oFstream.hpp"
 
 
-pFlow::oFstream::oFstream (const fileSystem& path, bool binary)
+pFlow::oFstream::oFstream (const fileSystem& path, bool binary, bool append)
 :
-	fileStream(path, true, binary),
+	fileStream(path, true, binary, append),
 	Ostream
   ( 
     fileStream::outStream(), 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/Fstream/oFstream.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/Fstream/oFstream.hpp
index 0fa6d86d..1b1699f6 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/Fstream/oFstream.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/Fstream/oFstream.hpp
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@ Licence:
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-// based on OpenFOAM stream, with some modifications/simplifications
-// to be tailored to our needs
-
-
 #ifndef __oFstream_hpp__
 #define __oFstream_hpp__
 
@@ -32,7 +28,13 @@ Licence:
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-
+/**
+ * Output file stream to send binary or ascii data to a file.  
+ * 
+ * It is based on OpenFOAM stream, with some modifications/simplifications
+ * to be tailored to our needs
+ *
+ */
 class oFstream
 :
 	public fileStream,
@@ -40,16 +42,18 @@ class oFstream
 {
 public:
 
-	// Constructor
-	oFstream (const fileSystem& path, bool binary = false);
+	//// - Constructors
+	
+	/// From file path and format 
+	oFstream (const fileSystem& path, bool binary = false, bool append = false);
 
-	// no copy constructor
+	/// No copy constructor
 	oFstream( const oFstream& src) = delete;
 
-	// no assignment
+	/// No assignment
 	oFstream& operator = (const oFstream& rhs) = delete;
 
-	// Destructor
+	/// Destructor
 	virtual ~oFstream() = default;
 
 };
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/Stream/Istream.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/Stream/Istream.cpp
index 06e3a4ed..3786448a 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/Stream/Istream.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/Stream/Istream.cpp
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@ Licence:
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-// based on OpenFOAM stream, with some modifications/simplifications
-// to be tailored to our needs
-
-
 #include "Istream.hpp"
 #include "token.hpp"
 #include "error.hpp"
@@ -797,12 +793,6 @@ pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::Istream::read(int32& val)
     return *this;
 }
 
-pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::Istream::read(int16& val)
-{
-    is_ >> val;
-    setState(is_.rdstate());
-    return *this;
-}
 
 pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::Istream::read(int8& val)
 {
@@ -811,7 +801,7 @@ pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::Istream::read(int8& val)
     return *this;
 }
 
-pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::Istream::read(label& val)
+pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::Istream::read(uint64& val)
 {
     is_ >> val;
     setState(is_.rdstate());
@@ -825,7 +815,7 @@ pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::Istream::read(uint32& val)
     return *this;
 }
 
-pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::Istream::read(uint16& val)
+pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::Istream::read(uint8& val)
 {
     is_ >> val;
     setState(is_.rdstate());
@@ -868,6 +858,36 @@ pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::Istream::read
     return *this;
 }
 
+size_t pFlow::Istream::findBinaryBlockStart()
+{
+    size_t pos = 0;
+    char getChar = 'a';
+    unsigned char bFlag = 255;
+    int numFound = 0;
+
+    while( is_.good() && !is_.eof() )
+    {
+        getChar = is_.get();
+        pos++;
+
+        if( numFound <3 &&
+         static_cast<unsigned char>(getChar) == bFlag ) 
+        {
+            numFound++;
+        }
+        else if(numFound == 3 && static_cast<unsigned char>(getChar) == 0 )
+        {
+            return pos;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            numFound = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return static_cast<size_t>(-1);
+}
+
 void pFlow::Istream::rewind()
 {
     lineNumber_ = 1;      // Reset line number
@@ -879,6 +899,28 @@ void pFlow::Istream::rewind()
     stdStream().rdbuf()->pubseekpos(0, std::ios_base::in);
 }
 
+void pFlow::Istream::seek(size_t pos)
+{
+    stdStream().clear();  // Clear the iostate error state flags
+    setGood();            // Sync local copy of iostate
+    resetPutBack();
+    // pubseekpos() rather than seekg() so that it works with gzstream
+    stdStream().rdbuf()->pubseekpos(pos, std::ios_base::in);
+}
+
+size_t pFlow::Istream::tell() 
+{
+
+    auto pos = static_cast<size_t>(stdStream().tellg());
+    if(stdStream().fail())
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<<
+        "Error in getting current position from stream "<<
+        this->name()<<endl;
+        fatalExit;
+    }
+    return pos;
+}
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/Stream/Istream.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/Stream/Istream.hpp
index ae2bcab8..4e8dd969 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/Stream/Istream.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/Stream/Istream.hpp
@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@ Licence:
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-// based on OpenFOAM stream, with some modifications/simplifications
-// to be tailored to our needs
-
-
 #ifndef __Istream_hpp__
 #define __Istream_hpp__
 
@@ -34,140 +30,152 @@ Licence:
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-
+/**
+ * Standard input stream for binary and ascii data 
+ * 
+ * It is based on OpenFOAM stream, with some modifications/simplifications
+ * to be tailored to our needs.
+ */
 class Istream
 :
     public iIstream
 {
-    // Private Data
+    //- Private Data
 
-    word    name_;
+        /// Stream name 
+        word    name_;
 
-    std::istream& is_;
+        /// Input stream 
+        std::istream& is_;
 
 
-    //- Get the next valid character
+    /// Get the next valid character
     char nextValid();
 
-    //- Read a word token
+    /// Read a word token
     void readWordToken(token& t);
 
     
-    //- Read a variable name starting with '$'.
+    /// Read a variable name starting with '$'.
     //  Handles "$var" and "${var}" forms, permits '/' scoping character.
     Istream& readVariable(word& str);
 
-    //- No copy assignment
+    /// No copy assignment
     void operator=(const Istream&) = delete;
 
 
 public:
 
+    //// - Constructors 
 
-    //- Construct wrapper around std::istream, set stream status
-    Istream( std::istream& is, const word& streamName, writeFormat wf = ASCII);
+        /// Construct wrapper around std::istream, set stream status
+        Istream( std::istream& is, const word& streamName, writeFormat wf = ASCII);
 
-    //- Destructor
-    virtual ~Istream() = default;
+        /// Destructor
+        virtual ~Istream() = default;
 
 
     //// - Methods
 
-    //- Return the name of the stream
-    virtual const word& name() const
-    {
-        return name_;
-    }
+        /// Return the name of the stream
+        virtual const word& name() const
+        {
+            return name_;
+        }
 
-    //- Return non-const access to the name of the stream
-    virtual word& name()
-    {
-        return name_;
-    }
+        /// Return non-const access to the name of the stream
+        virtual word& name()
+        {
+            return name_;
+        }
 
-    //- Return flags of output stream
-    virtual ios_base::fmtflags flags() const;
+        /// Return flags of output stream
+        virtual ios_base::fmtflags flags() const;
 
 
-    //// Read Functions
+    //// - Read Functions
 
-    //- Raw, low-level get character function.
-    Istream& get(char& c);
+        /// Raw, low-level get character function.
+        Istream& get(char& c);
 
-    //- Raw, low-level peek function.
-    //  Does not remove the character from the stream.
-    //  Returns the next character in the stream or EOF if the
-    //  end of file is read.
-    int peek();
+        /// Raw, low-level peek function.
+        ///  Does not remove the character from the stream.
+        ///  Returns the next character in the stream or EOF if the
+        ///  end of file is read.
+        int peek();
 
-    //- Raw, low-level getline (until delimiter) into a string.
-    Istream& getLine(word& str, char delim = '\n');
+        /// Raw, low-level getline (until delimiter) into a string.
+        Istream& getLine(word& str, char delim = '\n');
 
-    //- Low-level discard until delimiter
-    //  return the number of characters extracted
-    std::streamsize getLine(std::nullptr_t, char delim = '\n');
+        /// Low-level discard until delimiter
+        ///  return the number of characters extracted
+        std::streamsize getLine(std::nullptr_t, char delim = '\n');
 
-    //- Raw, low-level putback character function.
-    Istream& putback(const char c);
+        /// Raw, low-level putback character function.
+        Istream& putback(const char c);
 
-    //- Return next token from stream
-    virtual iIstream& read(token& t) override;
+        /// Return next token from stream
+        virtual iIstream& read(token& t) override;
 
-    //- Read a character
-    virtual iIstream& read(char& c) override;
+        /// Read a character
+        virtual iIstream& read(char& c) override;
 
-    //- Read a word
-    virtual iIstream& read(word& str) override;
+        /// Read a word
+        virtual iIstream& read(word& str) override;
 
-    //- Read a string
-    virtual iIstream& readString(word& str) override;
+        /// Read a string
+        virtual iIstream& readString(word& str) override;
 
-    //- Read a int64
-    virtual iIstream& read(int64&) override;
+        /// Read a int64
+        virtual iIstream& read(int64&) override;
 
-    //- Read a int32
-    virtual iIstream& read(int32&) override;
+        /// Read a int32
+        virtual iIstream& read(int32&) override;
 
-    //- Read a int16
-    virtual iIstream& read(int16&) override;
+        /// Read a int8
+        virtual iIstream& read(int8&) override;
 
-    //- Read a int8
-    virtual iIstream& read(int8&) override;
+        /// Read a uint64
+        virtual iIstream& read(uint64&) override;
 
-    //- Read a label
-    virtual iIstream& read(label&) override;
+        /// Read a uint32
+        virtual iIstream& read(uint32&) override;
 
-    //- Read a uint32
-    virtual iIstream& read(uint32&) override;
+        /// Read a uint8
+        virtual iIstream& read(uint8&) override;
 
-    //- Read a uint16
-    virtual iIstream& read(uint16&) override;
+        /// Read a float
+        virtual iIstream& read(float& val) override;
 
-    //- Read a float
-    virtual iIstream& read(float& val) override;
+        /// Read a double
+        virtual iIstream& read(double& val) override;
 
-    //- Read a double
-    virtual iIstream& read(double& val) override;
-
-    iIstream& read(char* buffer, std::streamsize count) override;
+        iIstream& read(char* buffer, std::streamsize count) override;
 
     
-    //- Rewind the stream so that it may be read again
-    virtual void rewind();
+    size_t findBinaryBlockStart()override;
+
+    /// Rewind the stream so that it may be read again
+    void rewind() override;
+
+    void seek(size_t pos) override;
+
+    /// Return current position indicator 
+    size_t tell() override;
 
 
-    //- Set stream flags
+    /// Set stream flags
     virtual ios_base::fmtflags flags(const ios_base::fmtflags flags);
 
 
 
-    //- Access to underlying std::istream
+    /// Access to underlying std::istream
     virtual std::istream& stdStream()
     {
         return is_;
     }
 
-    //- Const access to underlying std::istream
+    /// Const access to underlying std::istream
     virtual const std::istream& stdStream() const
     {
         return is_;
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/Stream/Ostream.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/Stream/Ostream.cpp
index 51f2f28d..e4cf6cbc 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/Stream/Ostream.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/Stream/Ostream.cpp
@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@ Licence:
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-// based on OpenFOAM stream, with some modifications/simplifications
-// to be tailored to our needs
 
 #include "error.hpp"
 #include "token.hpp"
@@ -181,21 +179,14 @@ pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::Ostream::write(const int32 val)
     return *this;
 }
 
-/*pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::Ostream::write(const int16 val)
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::Ostream::write(const int8 val)
 {
     os_ << val;
     setState(os_.rdstate());
     return *this;
 }
 
-pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::Ostream::write(const int8 val)
-{
-    os_ << val;
-    setState(os_.rdstate());
-    return *this;
-}*/
-
-pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::Ostream::write(const label val)
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::Ostream::write(const uint64 val)
 {
     os_ << val;
     setState(os_.rdstate());
@@ -209,7 +200,7 @@ pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::Ostream::write(const uint32 val)
     return *this;
 }
 
-pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::Ostream::write(const uint16 val)
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::Ostream::write(const uint8 val)
 {
     os_ << val;
     setState(os_.rdstate());
@@ -231,6 +222,13 @@ pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::Ostream::write(const double val)
     return *this;
 }
 
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::Ostream::write(const size_t val)
+{
+    os_ << val;
+    setState(os_.rdstate());
+    return *this;
+}
+
 pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::Ostream::write
 (
     const char* binaryData, 
@@ -248,13 +246,22 @@ pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::Ostream::write
     os_.write(binaryData, count);
     os_ << token::END_LIST;
 
-    setState(os_.rdstate());
-
     return *this;
 }
 
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::Ostream::writeBinaryBlockFlag()
+{
+    write( static_cast<char>(255));
+    write( static_cast<char>(255));
+    write( static_cast<char>(255));
+    write( static_cast<char>(0));
+    return *this;
+}
 
-
+void pFlow::Ostream::seek(size_t pos)
+{
+    os_.seekp(pos, std::ios_base::cur);
+}
 
 void pFlow::Ostream::indent()
 {
@@ -264,20 +271,30 @@ void pFlow::Ostream::indent()
     }
 }
 
+void pFlow::Ostream::startOfBinaryStreaming()
+{
+    this->endl();
+    this->flush();
+}
+
+void pFlow::Ostream::endOfBinaryStreaming()
+{
+    os_.seekp(0, std::ios_base::end);
+    this->endl();
+    this->flush();
+}
 
 void pFlow::Ostream::flush()
 {
     os_.flush();
 }
 
-
 void pFlow::Ostream::endl()
 {
     write('\n');
     os_.flush();
 }
 
-
 std::ios_base::fmtflags pFlow::Ostream::flags() const
 {
     return os_.flags();
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/Stream/Ostream.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/Stream/Ostream.hpp
index 727b65e4..256270b5 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/Stream/Ostream.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/Stream/Ostream.hpp
@@ -30,130 +30,156 @@ Licence:
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-
-
+/**
+ * Standard output stream for BINARY and ASCII formats
+ * 
+ * It is based on OpenFOAM stream, with some modifications/simplifications
+ * to be tailored to our needs
+ */
 class Ostream
 :
     public iOstream
 {
+private:
 
+    // - private data members 
+
+    /// Stream name 
     word name_;
 
+    /// Output stream 
     std::ostream& os_;
 
 
 public:
 
-    // Constructors
+    ///- Constructors
     
-    Ostream ( std::ostream& os, const word& streamName, writeFormat wf = ASCII);
+        /// Construct from components 
+        Ostream ( std::ostream& os, const word& streamName, writeFormat wf = ASCII);
 
-    //- no copy construct 
-    Ostream(const Ostream&) = delete;
+        /// No copy construct 
+        Ostream(const Ostream&) = delete;
 
-    //- No copy assignment
-    void operator=(const Ostream&) = delete;
+        /// No copy assignment
+        void operator=(const Ostream&) = delete;
 
 
     //// - Methods
 
-    //- Return the name of the stream
+        /// Return the name of the stream
         virtual const word& name() const
         {
             return name_;
         }
 
-        //- Return non-const access to the name of the stream
+        /// Return non-const access to the name of the stream
         virtual word& name()
         {
             return name_;
         }
 
-        //- Return flags of output stream
+        /// Return flags of output stream
         virtual ios_base::fmtflags flags() const;
 
 
-        //- Write token to stream or otherwise handle it.
-        //  return false if the token type was not handled by this method
+        /// Write token to stream or otherwise handle it.
+        ///  return false if the token type was not handled by this method
         bool write(const token& tok)override;
 
-        //- Write character
+        /// Write character
         iOstream& write(const char c)override;
 
-        //- Write character string
+        /// Write character string
         iOstream& write(const char* str)override;
 
-        //- Write word
+        /// Write word
         iOstream& write(const word& str)override;
     
-        //- Write std::string surrounded by quotes.
-        //  Optional write without quotes.
+        /// Write std::string surrounded by quotes.
+        ///  Optional write without quotes.
         iOstream& writeQuoted ( const word& str, const bool quoted=true ) override;
 
-        //- Write int64
+        /// Write int64
         iOstream& write(const int64 val) override;
 
-        //- Write int32
+        /// Write int32
         iOstream& write(const int32 val) override;
 
-        //- Write label
-        iOstream& write(const label val) override;
+        /// Write int32
+        iOstream& write(const int8 val) override;
 
-        //- Write uint32
+        /// Write uint64
+        iOstream& write(const uint64 val) override;
+
+        /// Write uint32
         iOstream& write(const uint32 val) override;
 
-        //- Write uint16
-        iOstream& write(const uint16 val) override;
+        /// Write uint8
+        iOstream& write(const uint8 val) override;
 
-        //- Write float
+        /// Write float
         iOstream& write(const float val) override;
 
-        //- Write double
+        /// Write double
         iOstream& write(const double val) override;
 
+        /// Write size_t
+        iOstream& write(const size_t val) override;
+
         /// Write a block of binray data 
         iOstream& write(const char* binaryData, std::streamsize count) override;
 
-        //- Add indentation characters
+        iOstream& writeBinaryBlockFlag() override;
+
+        void seek(size_t pos) override;
+
+        /// Add indentation characters
         void indent() override;
 
-        //- Set stream flags
+        /// Set stream flags
         ios_base::fmtflags flags(const ios_base::fmtflags f) override;
 
-        //- Flush stream
+        /// Add a new line and flush stream 
+        void startOfBinaryStreaming() override;
+
+        /// Reach end of file add a new line and flush stream 
+        void endOfBinaryStreaming() override ;
+
+        /// Flush stream
         void flush() override;
 
-        //- Add newline and flush stream
+        /// Add newline and flush stream
         void endl() override;
 
-        //- Get the current padding character
+        /// Get the current padding character
         char fill() const override;
 
-        //- Set padding character for formatted field up to field width
-        //  \return previous padding character
+        /// Set padding character for formatted field up to field width
+        ///  \return previous padding character
         char fill(const char fillch) override;
 
-        //- Get width of output field
+        /// Get width of output field
         int width() const override;
 
-        //- Set width of output field
-        //  \return previous width
+        /// Set width of output field
+        ///  \return previous width
         int width(const int w) override;
 
-        //- Get precision of output field
+        /// Get precision of output field
         int precision() const override;
 
-        //- Set precision of output field
-        //  return old precision
+        /// Set precision of output field
+        ///  return old precision
         int precision(const int p) override;
 
-        //- Access to underlying std::ostream
+        /// Access to underlying std::ostream
         virtual std::ostream& stdStream() 
         {
             return os_;
         }
 
-        //- Const access to underlying std::ostream
+        /// Const access to underlying std::ostream
         virtual const std::ostream& stdStream() const
         {
             return os_;
@@ -162,10 +188,9 @@ public:
 };
 
 
-
 } // pFlow
 
 
-#endif
+#endif //__Ostream_hpp__
 
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/TStream/helperTstream.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/TStream/helperTstream.hpp
index 6a43874c..9fae802c 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/TStream/helperTstream.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/TStream/helperTstream.hpp
@@ -1,8 +1,26 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 #ifndef __helperTstream_hpp__
 #define __helperTstream_hpp__
 
 
-
 inline bool validTokenForStream(const token tok)
 {
 	if( tok.good() && !tok.isPunctuation() )return true;
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/TStream/iTstream.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/TStream/iTstream.cpp
index d5f6ab2a..ac8e503e 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/TStream/iTstream.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/TStream/iTstream.cpp
@@ -222,16 +222,6 @@ pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::iTstream::read
     return *this;
 }
 
-pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::iTstream::read
-(
-    int16& val
-)
-{
-    notImplementedFunction;
-    fatalExit;
-    CONSUME_PARAM(val);
-    return *this;
-}
  
 pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::iTstream::read
 (
@@ -246,7 +236,7 @@ pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::iTstream::read
 
 pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::iTstream::read
 (
-    label& val
+    uint64& val
 )
 {
     notImplementedFunction;
@@ -268,7 +258,7 @@ pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::iTstream::read
 
 pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::iTstream::read
 (
-    uint16& val
+    uint8& val
 )
 {
     notImplementedFunction;
@@ -319,6 +309,10 @@ void pFlow::iTstream::rewind()
     setGood();
 }
 
+void pFlow::iTstream::seek(size_t pos) 
+{
+    notImplementedFunction;
+}
 
 void pFlow::iTstream::reset()
 {
@@ -328,6 +322,12 @@ void pFlow::iTstream::reset()
     setGood();
 }
 
+size_t pFlow::iTstream::tell() 
+{
+    notImplementedFunction;
+    return static_cast<size_t>(-1);
+}
+
 const pFlow::tokenList& pFlow::iTstream::tokens()const
 {
     return tokenList_;
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/TStream/iTstream.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/TStream/iTstream.hpp
index eb77f94e..2f7e0786 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/TStream/iTstream.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/TStream/iTstream.hpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-// helper functions declearation
+//- helper functions declearation
 inline bool validTokenForStream(const token tok);
 
 inline bool isBeginToken(const token& tok);
@@ -18,142 +18,150 @@ inline bool isBeginToken(const token& tok);
 inline bool isEndToken(const token& tok);
 
 
+/**
+ * Input token stream. 
+ * 
+ * It is based on OpenFOAM stream, with some modifications/simplifications
+ * to be tailored to our needs.
+ */
 class iTstream
 :
     public iIstream
 {
 protected:
     
-    // - name of the stream
+    /// name of the stream
     word    name_;
 
-    // - list of tokens in this stream
+    /// list of tokens in this stream
     tokenList  tokenList_;
 
-    // - current token
+    /// current token
     tokenList::iterator currentToken_;
 
-    // - check if end of list is reached 
+    /// check if end of list is reached 
     bool isLastToken();
 
-    // - rewind the stream 
+    /// rewind the stream 
     void setFirstToken();
 
-    // - check for valid tokens in the tokenList 
+    /// check for valid tokens in the tokenList 
     void validate();
 
 public:
 
     //// - Constructors 
 
-        //- construct with a name
+        /// construct with a name
         iTstream(const word& streamName);
 
-        // - construct with name and copy
+        /// construct with name and copy
         iTstream(const word& streamName, const tokenList& tList);
 
-        // - construct with name and move 
+        /// construct with name and move 
         iTstream(const word& streamName, tokenList && tList);
 
-        // - copy construct
+        /// copy construct
         iTstream(const iTstream&) = default;
-        // - move construct 
+        
+        /// move construct 
         iTstream(iTstream&&) = default;
 
-        // - copy assignment
+        /// copy assignment
         iTstream& operator=(const iTstream&) = default;
 
-        // - move assignment 
+        /// move assignment 
         iTstream& operator=(iTstream&&) = default;
 
-        // copy assignment from tokenList
+        /// copy assignment from tokenList
         void operator=(const tokenList& tList);
         
-        // move assignment from tokenList
+        /// move assignment from tokenList
         void operator=(tokenList&& tList);
 
-        //- Destructor
+        /// Destructor
         virtual ~iTstream() = default;
 
 
-    //// Member Functions   
+    //// - Member Functions   
 
-        //- Return the name of the stream
+        /// Return the name of the stream
         virtual const word& name() const;
 
-        //- Return non-const access to the name of the stream
+        /// Return non-const access to the name of the stream
         virtual word& name();
 
-        //- Return next token from stream
+        /// Return next token from stream
         virtual iIstream& read(token& t)override;
 
-        //- Read a character
+        /// Read a character
         virtual iIstream& read(char& c)override;
 
-        //- Read a word
+        /// Read a word
         virtual iIstream& read(word& str)override;
 
-        //- Read a string
+        /// Read a string
         virtual iIstream& readString(word& str)override;
 
-       //- Read a int64
+        /// Read a int64
         virtual iIstream& read(int64&) override;
 
-        //- Read a int32
+        /// Read a int32
         virtual iIstream& read(int32&) override;
-
-        //- Read a int16
-        virtual iIstream& read(int16&) override;
-
-        //- Read a int8
+        
+        /// Read a int8
         virtual iIstream& read(int8&) override;
 
-        //- Read a label
-        virtual iIstream& read(label&) override;
+        /// Read a uint64
+        virtual iIstream& read(uint64&) override;
 
-        //- Read a uint32
+        /// Read a uint32
         virtual iIstream& read(uint32&) override;
 
-        //- Read a uint16
-        virtual iIstream& read(uint16&) override;
+        /// Read a uint8
+        virtual iIstream& read(uint8&) override;
 
-        //- Read a floatScalar
+        /// Read a floatScalar
         virtual iIstream& read(float&) override;
 
-        //- Read a doubleScalar
+        /// Read a doubleScalar
         virtual iIstream& read(double&) override;
 
         iIstream& read(char* buffer, std::streamsize count) override;
 
-        // - Rewind the stream so that it may be read again
-        virtual void rewind();
+        /// Rewind the stream so that it may be read again
+        virtual void rewind()override;
 
-        // - reset the iTstream and make the stream empty
+        void seek(size_t pos) override;
+
+        size_t tell() override;
+
+        /// reset the iTstream and make the stream empty
         virtual void reset();
 
-        // - const access to token list
+        /// const access to token list
         const tokenList& tokens()const;
 
-        // - size
+        /// size
         size_t size()const; 
 
-        // - size
+        /// size
         size_t numTokens()const;
         
-        // - append a list of tokens to the end of tokens
+        /// append a list of tokens to the end of tokens
         //   and rewind the stream
         void appendTokens(const tokenList & tList);
 
-        // - append token to the end of token and rewind the stream 
+        /// append token to the end of token and rewind the stream 
         void appendToken(const token& t);
    
-        //- Return flags of output stream
+        /// Return flags of output stream
         ios_base::fmtflags flags() const
         {
             return ios_base::fmtflags(0);
         }
 
-        //- Set flags of stream
+        /// Set flags of stream
         ios_base::fmtflags flags(const ios_base::fmtflags)
         {
             return ios_base::fmtflags(0);        
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/TStream/oTstream.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/TStream/oTstream.cpp
index 5f158545..35c9d0c8 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/TStream/oTstream.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/TStream/oTstream.cpp
@@ -108,10 +108,17 @@ pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::oTstream::write(const int32 val)
     return *this;
 }
 
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::oTstream::write(const int8 val)
+{
+    append(token(val)); // tokenType::INT64
+
+    return *this;
+}
 
 
 
-pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::oTstream::write(const label val)
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::oTstream::write(const uint64 val)
 {
     append(token(static_cast<int64>(val))); // tokenType::INT64
 
@@ -125,7 +132,7 @@ pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::oTstream::write(const uint32 val)
     return *this;
 }
 
-pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::oTstream::write(const uint16 val)
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::oTstream::write(const uint8 val)
 {
     append(token(static_cast<int64>(val))); // tokenType::INT64
 
@@ -148,6 +155,14 @@ pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::oTstream::write(const double val)
     return *this;
 }
 
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::oTstream::write(const size_t val)
+{
+    append(token(static_cast<int64>(val))); // tokenType::INT64
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+
 pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::oTstream::write
 (
     const char* binaryData, 
@@ -158,6 +173,10 @@ pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::oTstream::write
     return *this;
 }
 
+void pFlow::oTstream::seek(size_t pos) 
+{
+    notImplementedFunction;
+}
 
 void pFlow::oTstream::append(const token& tok)
 {
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/TStream/oTstream.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/TStream/oTstream.hpp
index 92b37f60..110e9410 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/TStream/oTstream.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/TStream/oTstream.hpp
@@ -1,4 +1,22 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 #ifndef __oTstream_hpp__
 #define __oTstream_hpp__
 
@@ -6,20 +24,27 @@
 #include "iOstream.hpp"
 
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
 
-// helper functions declearation
+//- Helper functions declearation
+
+/// Is tok a valid token for this stream?
 inline bool validTokenForStream(const token tok);
 
+/// Is tok a begin token?
 inline bool isBeginToken(const token& tok);
 
+/// Is tok an end token?
 inline bool isEndToken(const token& tok);
 
-
+/**
+ * Output token stream
+ * 
+ * It is based on OpenFOAM stream, with some modifications/simplifications
+ * to be tailored to our needs.
+ */
 class oTstream
 :
     public iOstream
@@ -27,160 +52,175 @@ class oTstream
 
 protected:
 
-    // - name of stream
+    /// name of stream
     word    name_;
 
-    // - tokenList
+    /// tokenList
     tokenList  tokenList_;
 
 public:
     
     //// - Constructors
 
-        // - emtpy stream with a name
+        /// emtpy stream with a name
         oTstream(const word& nm);
         
-        // - copy construcotr 
+        /// copy construcotr 
         oTstream(const oTstream& src);
 
-        // - move construct 
+        /// move construct 
         oTstream(oTstream&&) = default;
 
-        // - destructor 
+        /// destructor 
         virtual ~oTstream() = default;
 
     
     //// -  Methods
     
-        // give const access 
+        // Give const access 
         const tokenList& tokens()const;
 
-        // give access 
+        // Give access 
         tokenList& tokens();
     
 
     //// - Write
 
-        //- Write token to stream or otherwise handle it.
-        //  return false if the token type was not handled by this method
+        /// Write token to stream or otherwise handle it.
+        ///  return false if the token type was not handled by this method
         virtual bool write(const token& tok);
 
-        //- Write single character. Whitespace is suppressed.
+        /// Write single character. Whitespace is suppressed.
         virtual iOstream& write(const char c);
 
-        //- Write the word-characters of a character string.
-        //  Sends as a single char, or as word.
+        /// Write the word-characters of a character string.
+        ///  Sends as a single char, or as word.
         virtual iOstream& write(const char* str);
 
-        //- Write word
+        /// Write word
         virtual iOstream& write(const word& str);
 
         
-        //- Write std::string surrounded by quotes.
-        //  Optional write without quotes.
+        /// Write std::string surrounded by quotes.
+        ///  Optional write without quotes.
         virtual iOstream& writeQuoted(const std::string& str, const bool quoted=true );
 
-        //- Write int64
+        /// Write int64
         virtual iOstream& write(const int64 val) override;
 
-        //- Write int32
+        /// Write int32
         virtual iOstream& write(const int32 val) override;
 
-        
-        //- Write label
-        virtual iOstream& write(const label val) override;
+        /// Write int8
+        virtual iOstream& write(const int8 val) override;
 
-        //- Write uint32
+        /// Write uint64
+        virtual iOstream& write(const uint64 val) override;
+
+        /// Write uint32
         virtual iOstream& write(const uint32 val) override;
 
-        //- Write uint16
-        virtual iOstream& write(const uint16 val) override;
+        /// Write uint8
+        virtual iOstream& write(const uint8 val) override;
 
-        //- Write float
+        /// Write float
         virtual iOstream& write(const float val) override;
 
-        //- Write double
+        /// Write double
         virtual iOstream& write(const double val) override;
 
+        /// Write double
+        virtual iOstream& write(const size_t val) override;
+
+        void seek(size_t pos) override;
+
         /// Write a block of binray data
         iOstream& write(
             const char* binaryData, 
             std::streamsize count) override;
 
-        // - append token to the stream
+        /// append token to the stream
         virtual void append(const token& tok);
         
-        // - append a list of tokens to the stream
+        /// append a list of tokens to the stream
         virtual void append(const tokenList& tLisk);
         
     
 
     //// - Stream state functions
 
-        //- Reset the output buffer and rewind the stream
+        /// Reset the output buffer and rewind the stream
         void reset();
 
-        //- Rewind the output stream
+        /// Rewind the output stream
         virtual void rewind();
 
-        //- Add indentation characters
+        /// Add indentation characters
         virtual void indent()
         {}
 
-        //- Flush stream
+        /// Add a new line and flush stream 
+        virtual void startOfBinaryStreaming()
+        {}
+
+        /// Reach end of file add a new line and flush stream 
+        virtual void endOfBinaryStreaming()
+        {}
+
+        /// Flush stream
         virtual void flush()
         {}
 
-        //- Add newline and flush stream
+        /// Add newline and flush stream
         virtual void endl()
         {}
 
-        //- Get the current padding character
-        //  \return previous padding character
+        /// Get the current padding character
+        ///  \return previous padding character
         virtual char fill() const
         {
             return 0;
         }
 
-        //- Set padding character for formatted field up to field width
+        /// Set padding character for formatted field up to field width
         virtual char fill(const char)
         {
             return 0;
         }
 
-        //- Get width of output field
+        /// Get width of output field
         virtual int width() const
         {
             return 0;
         }
 
-        //- Set width of output field
-        //  \return previous width
+        /// Set width of output field
+        ///  \return previous width
         virtual int width(const int)
         {
              return 0;
         }
 
-        //- Get precision of output field
+        /// Get precision of output field
         virtual int precision() const
         {
              return 0;
         }
 
-        //- Set precision of output field
-        //  \return old precision
+        /// Set precision of output field
+        ///  \return old precision
         virtual int precision(const int)
         {
              return 0;
         }
 
-        //- Return flags of output stream
+        /// Return flags of output stream
         virtual ios_base::fmtflags flags() const
         {
             return ios_base::fmtflags(0);
         }
 
-        //- Set flags of stream
+        /// Set flags of stream
         ios_base::fmtflags flags(const ios_base::fmtflags)
         {
             return ios_base::fmtflags(0);
@@ -190,12 +230,9 @@ public:
 
 #include "helperTstream.hpp"
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 } // End namespace pFlow
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 #endif
 
-// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/dataIO/createDataIO-old.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/dataIO/createDataIO-old.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..539ec35a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/dataIO/createDataIO-old.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __createDataIO_hpp__
+#define __createDataIO_hpp__
+
+#include "uniquePtr.hpp"
+#include "dataIO.hpp"
+#include "dataIORegular.hpp"
+#include "dataIOMPI.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+template<typename T>
+uniquePtr<dataIO<T>> createDataIO(
+    const word& runType, const IOPattern& iop)
+{
+    if(runType == "regular")
+    {
+        return makeUnique<dataIORegular<T>>(iop);
+    }
+    else if(runType == "MPI")
+    {
+        return makeUnique<dataIOMPI<T>>(iop);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<< "not dataIO pattern is specified for this "<<
+        runType<<endl;
+        fatalExit;
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/dataIO/dataIO.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/dataIO/dataIO.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..851ec4a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/dataIO/dataIO.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+template<typename T>
+bool pFlow::writeDataAsciiBinary(iOstream& os, span<T> data)
+{
+
+	if( std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T> && os.isBinary() )
+	{
+		// first write the number of data
+		uint64 numData = data.size();
+		os<< numData << endl;
+
+		// write the bindary data
+		auto chBuffer = charSpan(data);
+
+		if(!os.write(chBuffer.data(), chBuffer.size()))
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"error in writing binary data to "<<os.name()<<endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		if( !writeDataASCII(os, data) )
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"error in writing ASCII data to "<<os.name()<<endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return os.check(FUNCTION_NAME);
+	
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+bool pFlow::writeDataASCII(iOstream& os, span<T> data)
+{
+	os<< data.size()<<endl;
+	os << token::BEGIN_LIST;
+	if(data.size()>0)
+	{
+		for(uint32 i=0; i<data.size()-1; i++)
+		{
+			os << data[i]<<token::NL;
+		}
+		os << data[data.size()-1] << token::END_LIST;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		os<< token::END_LIST;
+	}
+	
+	os.check(FUNCTION_NAME);
+	return true;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+bool pFlow::readDataAsciiBinary
+(
+	iIstream& is, 
+	std::vector<T>& data
+)
+{
+	
+	if(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T> && is.isBinary())
+	{
+		data.clear();
+		// read length of data 			
+		token firstToken(is);
+		
+		size_t len = 0;
+		if( firstToken.isInt64())
+		{
+			len = firstToken.int64Token();
+			data.resize(len);	
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"expected length of vector in the stream "<<is.name()<<
+			"but found this "<< firstToken<<endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		is.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(data.data()), len*sizeof(T));	
+		
+		return is.check(FUNCTION_NAME);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		
+		return readDataAscii(is, data);
+	}
+	
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+bool pFlow::readDataAscii
+(
+	iIstream& is,
+	std::vector<T>& vec
+)
+{
+	
+	is.fatalCheck(FUNCTION_NAME);
+
+	vec.clear();
+	
+	token firstToken(is);
+
+	size_t len = 0;
+	bool lenFound = false;
+	if( firstToken.isInt64())
+	{
+		len = firstToken.int64Token();
+		lenFound = true;
+		vec.reserve(len);
+		firstToken  = token(is);
+	}
+	
+
+	T val{};
+	if( firstToken.isPunctuation() ) // start of vector 
+	{
+		if(firstToken != token::BEGIN_LIST)
+		{
+			warningInFunction
+			<< "expected token "<< token::BEGIN_LIST 
+			<< " but found "<< firstToken ;
+			return false;
+
+		}
+
+		token lastToken(is);
+		
+		is.fatalCheck(FUNCTION_NAME);
+		
+		while(!(lastToken.isPunctuation()
+             	&& lastToken == token::END_LIST ))
+		{
+
+			is.putBack(lastToken);
+			
+			is >> val;
+			vec.push_back(val);
+			
+			is >> lastToken;
+			is.fatalCheck(FUNCTION_NAME);
+
+		}
+
+	} else
+	{
+		warningInFunction
+		<< "expected token "<< token::BEGIN_LIST 
+		<< " but found "<< firstToken<<endl; ;
+		return false;
+	}
+	
+	if(lenFound && len>0 && len != vec.size())
+	{
+		warningInFunction<<"vector length specified "<< len << 
+		" is different from number of elements "<< vec.size()<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+template<typename T>
+bool pFlow::dataIO<T>::writeData(iOstream& os, span<T> data)
+{
+	/// first gather data from all processors (if any)
+	if(!gatherData( data ) )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"Error in gathering data for out stream "<< os.name()<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if( ioPattern_.thisProcWriteData())
+	{
+		return writeDataAsciiBinary(os, bufferSpan_);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		return true;
+	}
+}
+
+template<>
+inline
+bool pFlow::dataIO<pFlow::word>::writeData(iOstream& os, span<word> data)
+{
+    
+	if( ioPattern_.isParallel()	&& ioPattern_.isMasterProcessorDistribute())
+	{
+		notImplementedFunction<<
+		"data transfer for type word is not supported in parallel mode!"<<endl;
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+    /// first gather data from all processors (if any)
+	if(!gatherData( data ) )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"Error in gathering data for out stream "<< os.name()<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+	
+	if( ioPattern_.thisProcWriteData())
+	{
+		return writeDataASCII(os, bufferSpan_);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		return true;
+	}
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+bool pFlow::dataIO<T>::readData
+(
+	iIstream& is, 
+	std::vector<T>& data
+)
+{
+	data.clear();
+	if(ioPattern_.thisProcReadData())
+	{
+		return readDataAsciiBinary(is, data);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		return true;
+	}
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::dataIO<T>> 
+	pFlow::dataIO<T>::create(const IOPattern& iop)
+{
+
+	word dataIOType = angleBracketsNames2(
+		"dataIO", 
+		getTypeName<T>(), 
+		pFlowProcessors().localRunTypeName());
+	
+	if(IOPatternvCtorSelector_.search(dataIOType))
+	{
+		return IOPatternvCtorSelector_[dataIOType](iop);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		printKeys
+		( 
+			fatalError << "Ctor Selector "<< dataIOType << " does not exist. \n"
+			<<"Avaiable ones are: \n\n"
+			,
+			IOPatternvCtorSelector_
+		);
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+	return nullptr;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/dataIO/dataIO.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/dataIO/dataIO.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..281fe832
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/dataIO/dataIO.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __dataIO_hpp__
+#define __dataIO_hpp__
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "span.hpp"
+#include "IOPattern.hpp"
+#include "iOstream.hpp"
+#include "iIstream.hpp"
+#include "virtualConstructor.hpp"
+#include "pFlowProcessors.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+// - Forward 
+template<typename T>
+bool writeDataAsciiBinary
+(
+	iOstream& os, 
+	span<T> data
+);
+
+template<typename T>
+bool writeDataASCII
+(
+	iOstream& os, 
+	span<T> data
+);
+
+template<typename T>
+bool readDataAscii
+(
+	iIstream& is,
+	std::vector<T>& vec
+);
+
+template<typename T>
+bool readDataAsciiBinary
+(
+	iIstream& is, 
+	std::vector<T>& data
+);
+
+template<typename T>
+class dataIO
+{
+protected:
+
+	IOPattern 	    ioPattern_;
+
+	std::vector<T> 	buffer_;
+
+    span<T>         bufferSpan_; 
+
+
+    /// gather data from all processors and put the results in buffer_
+	virtual bool gatherData(span<T> data) = 0;  
+
+public:
+
+	/// Type info
+	TypeInfo("dataIO");
+
+	dataIO(const IOPattern& iop)
+	:
+	    ioPattern_(iop)
+	{}
+
+	dataIO(const dataIO&) = default;
+
+	dataIO(dataIO &&) = default;
+
+	dataIO& operator = (const dataIO&) = default;
+
+	dataIO& operator = (dataIO&&) = default;
+
+	virtual ~dataIO() = default;
+
+	create_vCtor
+	(
+		dataIO,
+		IOPattern,
+		(const IOPattern& iop),
+		(iop)
+	);
+
+	/// Write data to the end of file from all processors.
+	/// This method should be called from all processors. 
+	bool writeData(iOstream& os, span<T> data);
+
+	bool readData(
+        iIstream& is, 
+        std::vector<T>& data);
+
+	static
+	uniquePtr<dataIO> create(const IOPattern& iop);
+
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+inline 
+iOstream& operator<<(iOstream& os, const span<T>& s)
+{
+	if(!writeDataAsciiBinary(os, s))
+	{
+		ioErrorInFile(os.name(), os.lineNumber());
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+    return os;
+}
+
+
+}
+
+#include "dataIO.cpp"
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/Interaction/interaction/interactionBase.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/dataIO/dataIORegular.hpp
similarity index 56%
rename from src/Interaction/interaction/interactionBase.hpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/streams/dataIO/dataIORegular.hpp
index b5c9651e..6773277a 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/interaction/interactionBase.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/dataIO/dataIORegular.hpp
@@ -18,67 +18,63 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-#ifndef __interactionBase_hpp__ 
-#define __interactionBase_hpp__
+#ifndef __datIONoMPI_hpp__
+#define __datIONoMPI_hpp__
 
-#include "interactionTypes.hpp"
-#include "particles.hpp"
-#include "geometry.hpp"
+#include "dataIO.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
-
-class interactionBase
+template<typename T>
+class dataIORegular
+:
+	public dataIO<T>
 {
 public:
+  
+  using DataIORegularType = dataIORegular<T>;
 
-	using IndexType    			= CELL_INDEX_TYPE;
-
-	using IdType  				= ID_TYPE;
-
-	using ExecutionSpace 	 	= DefaultExecutionSpace;
+  using DataIOType = dataIO<T>;
 
 protected:
 
-	const particles& 		particles_;
-
-	const geometry& 		geometry_;
+    bool gatherData(span<T> data ) override
+    {
+        /// in serial mode, no gathering is required. 
+        this->bufferSpan_ = data;
+        return true;
+    }
 
 public:
 
-	interactionBase(
-		const particles& prtcl,
-		const geometry& geom)
-	:
-		particles_(prtcl),
-		geometry_(geom)
-	{}
+	TypeInfoTemplate111("dataIO",T,"regular");
 
-	inline
-	const auto& pStruct()const
-	{
-		return particles_.pStruct();
-	}
+	dataIORegular(const IOPattern& iop)
+    :
+	    dataIO<T>(iop)
+    {}
 
-	inline
-	const auto& surface()const
-	{
-		return geometry_.surface();
-	}
+	dataIORegular(const dataIORegular&) = default;
 
-	inline 
-	const auto& Particles()const
-	{
-		return particles_;
-	}
+	dataIORegular(dataIORegular&&) = default;
 
-	inline auto& Geometry()const
-	{
-		return geometry_;
-	}
+	dataIORegular& operator=(const dataIORegular&) = default;
+
+	dataIORegular& operator=(dataIORegular&&) = default;
+
+	~dataIORegular() = default;
+
+	add_vCtor
+	(
+		DataIOType,
+		DataIORegularType,
+		IOPattern
+	);
+	
 };
 
+
 }
 
 
-#endif //__interactionBase_hpp__
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/dataIO/dataIORegulars.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/dataIO/dataIORegulars.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d1067504
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/dataIO/dataIORegulars.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+
+
+#include "types.hpp"
+#include "dataIO.hpp"
+#include "dataIORegular.hpp"
+
+template class pFlow::dataIO<pFlow::uint8>;
+template class pFlow::dataIORegular<pFlow::uint8>;
+
+template class pFlow::dataIO<pFlow::int8>;
+template class pFlow::dataIORegular<pFlow::int8>;
+
+template class pFlow::dataIO<pFlow::int32>;
+template class pFlow::dataIORegular<pFlow::int32>;
+
+template class pFlow::dataIO<pFlow::int64>;
+template class pFlow::dataIORegular<pFlow::int64>;
+
+template class pFlow::dataIO<pFlow::uint32>;
+template class pFlow::dataIORegular<pFlow::uint32>;
+
+template class pFlow::dataIO<pFlow::uint32x3>;
+template class pFlow::dataIORegular<pFlow::uint32x3>;
+
+template class pFlow::dataIO<pFlow::uint64>;
+template class pFlow::dataIORegular<pFlow::uint64>;
+
+template class pFlow::dataIO<size_t>;
+template class pFlow::dataIORegular<size_t>;
+
+template class pFlow::dataIO<pFlow::real>;
+template class pFlow::dataIORegular<pFlow::real>;
+
+template class pFlow::dataIO<pFlow::realx3>;
+template class pFlow::dataIORegular<pFlow::realx3>;
+
+template class pFlow::dataIO<pFlow::realx4>;
+template class pFlow::dataIORegular<pFlow::realx4>;
+
+template class pFlow::dataIO<pFlow::word>;
+template class pFlow::dataIORegular<pFlow::word>;
+
+/*template class pFlow::dataIO<char>;
+template class pFlow::dataIORegular<char>;*/
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/iStream/IOstream.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/iStream/IOstream.hpp
index 046aa1f0..3a6982cf 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/iStream/IOstream.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/iStream/IOstream.hpp
@@ -17,13 +17,9 @@ Licence:
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
 #ifndef __IOstream_hpp__
 #define __IOstream_hpp__
 
-// based on OpenFOAM stream, with some modifications/simplifications
-// to be tailored to our needs
 
 #include <iostream>
 
@@ -42,6 +38,12 @@ using std::cerr;
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
+/**
+ * A base calss for input/output streams
+ * 
+ * It is based on OpenFOAM stream, with some modifications/simplifications
+ * to be tailored to our needs
+ */
 class IOstream
 {
 
@@ -115,7 +117,7 @@ protected:
 
 public:
 
-    //- Constructors
+    ////- Constructors
 
         /// Default
         explicit IOstream():
@@ -144,7 +146,7 @@ public:
         virtual ~IOstream() = default;
           
         
-    //- Member Functions
+    ////- Member Functions
 
         /// Return the name of the stream
         virtual const word& name() const;
@@ -178,7 +180,7 @@ public:
         bool isBinary()const
         {
             return writeFormat_ == BINARY;
-        }
+        }    
 
         /// Return true if next operation might succeed
         bool good() const
@@ -299,13 +301,13 @@ public:
             flags(flags() & ~f);
         }
 
-
 }; // end of IOstream
 
 
 /// An IOstream manipulator
 typedef IOstream& (*IOstreamManip)(IOstream&);
 
+
 inline IOstream& dec(IOstream& io)
 {
     io.setf(ios_base::dec, ios_base::dec|ios_base::hex|ios_base::oct);
@@ -337,7 +339,6 @@ inline IOstream& scientific(IOstream& io)
 }
 
 
-
 } // pFlow
 
 #endif  //  __IOstream__hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/iStream/iIstream.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/iStream/iIstream.cpp
index 96849244..a74d9620 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/iStream/iIstream.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/iStream/iIstream.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,22 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 #include "iIstream.hpp"
 
 
@@ -57,6 +75,12 @@ bool pFlow::iIstream::peekBack(token& tok)
     return putBack_;
 }
 
+size_t pFlow::iIstream::findBinaryBlockStart()
+{
+    notImplementedFunction;
+    return 0;
+}
+
 bool pFlow::iIstream::findToken( const word & w )
 {
     rewind();
@@ -78,10 +102,13 @@ bool pFlow::iIstream::findTokenResume(const word& w)
             " at line number "<< lineNumber()<<endl;
             return false;
         }
-
+        
         if( next.isWord() && isFirstToken)
         {   
-            if(next.wordToken() == w ) return true;   
+            if(next.wordToken() == w ) 
+            {
+                return true;   
+            }
         }
 
         if(next.isEndStatement()|| next.isEndBlock())
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/iStream/iIstream.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/iStream/iIstream.hpp
index cf32961b..817d42e3 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/iStream/iIstream.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/iStream/iIstream.hpp
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ Licence:
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
 #ifndef __iIstream_hpp__
 #define __iIstream_hpp__
 
@@ -29,25 +28,30 @@ Licence:
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-
-class iIstream // interface class for input streams
+/**
+ * Interface class for any input stream  
+ * 
+ * It is based on OpenFOAM stream, with some modifications/simplifications
+ * to be tailored to our needs
+ */
+class iIstream
 :
 	public IOstream
 {
 
-	// Private Data
+	//- Private Data
 
-    //- Has a token been put back on the stream?
-    bool putBack_;
+	    /// Has a token been put back on the stream?
+	    bool putBack_;
 
-    //- The last token put back on the stream
-    token putBackToken_;
+	    /// The last token put back on the stream
+	    token putBackToken_;
 
 public:
 
-    //// - Constructors    
+    ////- Constructors    
 
-    	// - default
+    	/// default
 	    iIstream():
 			IOstream(),
 	        putBack_(false)	
@@ -58,85 +62,91 @@ public:
 	    	putBack_(false)
 	    {}
 
-	    // - Copy construct
+	    /// Copy construct
 	    iIstream(const iIstream&) = default;
 
-	    // - Destructor
+	    /// Destructor
 	    virtual ~iIstream() = default;
 
 
 
-    //// member methods
+    ////- member methods
 
-	    //- Put back token
-	    //  Only a single put back is permitted
+	    /// Put back token
+	    ///  Only a single put back is permitted
 	    void putBack(const token& tok);
 
-	    //- Get the put back token if there is one and return true.
-	    //  Return false if no put back token is available.
+	    /// Get the put back token if there is one and return true.
+	    ///  Return false if no put back token is available.
 	    bool getBack(token& tok);
 
-	    //- Peek at the put back token without removing it.
-	    //  Returns false if no put back token is available and set the
-	    //  token to undefined.
+	    /// Peek at the put back token without removing it.
+	    ///  Returns false if no put back token is available and set the
+	    ///  token to undefined.
 	    bool peekBack(token& tok);
 
-	    //- reset the put back token;
+	    /// reset the put back token;
 	    void resetPutBack()
 	    {
 	    	putBackToken_.reset();
 	    	putBack_ = false;
 	    }
 
-	    //- Return next token from stream
+	    /// Return next token from stream
 	    virtual iIstream& read(token&) = 0;
 
-	    //- Read a character
+	    /// Read a character
 	    virtual iIstream& read(char&) = 0;
 
-	    //- Read a string (including enclosing double-quotes)
+	    /// Read a string (including enclosing double-quotes)
 	    virtual iIstream& read(word&) = 0;
 
-	    //- Read a string 
+	    /// Read a string 
 	    virtual iIstream& readString(word&) = 0;    
 
-	    //- Read a int64
+	    /// Read a int64
 	    virtual iIstream& read(int64&) = 0;
 
-	    //- Read a int32
+	    /// Read a int32
 	    virtual iIstream& read(int32&) = 0;
 
-	    //- Read a int16
-	    virtual iIstream& read(int16&) = 0;
-
-	    //- Read a int8
+	    /// Read a int8
 	    virtual iIstream& read(int8&) = 0;
 
-	    //- Read a label
-	    virtual iIstream& read(label&) = 0;
+	    /// Read a uint64
+	    virtual iIstream& read(uint64&) = 0;
 
-	    //- Read a uin32
+	    /// Read a uin32
 	    virtual iIstream& read(uint32&) = 0;
 
-	    //- Read a uin16
-	    virtual iIstream& read(uint16&) = 0;
+	    /// Read a uint8
+	    virtual iIstream& read(uint8&) = 0;
 
-	    //- Read a floatScalar
+	    /// Read a floatScalar
 	    virtual iIstream& read(float&) = 0;
 
-	    //- Read a doubleScalar
+	    /// Read a doubleScalar
 	    virtual iIstream& read(double&) = 0;
 
+	    /// Write a block of binray data 
 	    virtual iIstream& read(char* buffer, std::streamsize count) =0;
-
 	    
-	    //- Rewind the stream so that it may be read again
+	    /// Rewind the stream so that it may be read again
 	    virtual void rewind() = 0;
 
+	    virtual void seek(size_t pos) = 0;
 
-    //// - find and lookups
+	    /// Return current position indicator 
+	    virtual size_t tell() = 0;
 
-        // - search for all tokesn and find the first word token tbat matchs w
+    ////- find and lookups
+
+	    /// It seek for a character sequence that indicates the start of 
+	    /// a binary block
+	    /// char sequence is 255 255 255 0 
+	    virtual size_t findBinaryBlockStart();
+
+        /// search for all tokesn and find the first word token tbat matchs w
         virtual bool findToken( const word & w );
 
         /// search for all tokesn after the current file position 
@@ -144,69 +154,69 @@ public:
         virtual bool findTokenResume(const word& w);
 
 
-        // - search for all tokesn and find the first word token that matchs 
+        /// search for all tokesn and find the first word token that matchs 
         virtual bool findTokenSilent( const word & w, int32 limitLine = 100 );
 
         /// search for all tokesn after the current file position 
         /// and find the first word token tbat matchs w
         virtual bool findTokenResumeSilent( const word & w, int32 limitLine = 100 );
 
-        // - search for all tokens and find the first word token and also next word token
-        //   chekck if it is eneded with end statement ;
+        /// search for all tokens and find the first word token and also next word token
+        /// chekck if it is eneded with end statement ;
         virtual bool findTokenAndNext( const word& w, word& nextW, bool checkEndStatement = true);
 
 
         virtual bool findTokenAndNextSilent( const word& w, word& nextW, int32 limitLine = 100);
 
-        // - find a pair of keyword and data terminated by ;
-        //   keyword data;
-        //   return false if keyword does not exist or reading fails. 
+        /// find a pair of keyword and data terminated by ;
+        ///  keyword data;
+        ///  return false if keyword does not exist or reading fails. 
         template<typename T>
         bool findKeywordAndVal(const word& keyword, T& val, bool checkEndStatement = true);
 
-        // - lookup for keyword and data;
-        //   fatalExit if fails
+        /// lookup for keyword and data;
+        ///  fatalExit if fails
         template<typename T>
         T lookupData(const word& keyword);
 
-        // - lookup for keyword and data;
-        //   set to setVal if lookup fails. 
+        /// lookup for keyword and data;
+        ///  set to setVal if lookup fails. 
         template<typename T>
         T lookupDataOrSet(const word& keyword, const T& setVal);
         
-        // - read the data next to keword 
-        //   keyword    data; 
-        //   check the keyword is correct or not 
+        /// read the data next to keword 
+        /// keyword    data; 
+        /// check the keyword is correct or not 
         template<typename T>
         bool nextData(const word& keyword, T& data);
 
 	//// Read List punctuation tokens
 
-	    //- Begin read of data chunk, starts with '('.
-	    //  return true or FatalIOError
+	    /// Begin read of data chunk, starts with '('.
+	    /// return true or FatalIOError
 	    bool readBegin(const char* funcName);
 
-	    //- End read of data chunk, ends with ')'
-	    //  return true or FatalIOError
+	    /// End read of data chunk, ends with ')'
+	    /// return true or FatalIOError
 	    bool readEnd(const char* funcName);
 
-	    //- Begin read of data chunk, starts with '('.
-	    //  return true or FatalIOError
+	    /// Begin read of data chunk, starts with '('.
+	    /// return true or FatalIOError
 	    bool readBeginSquare(const char* funcName);
 
-	    //- Begin read of data chunk, starts with '('.
-	    //  return true or FatalIOError
+	    /// Begin read of data chunk, starts with '('.
+	    /// return true or FatalIOError
 	    bool readEndSquare(const char* funcName);
 
-	    //- Begin read of list data, starts with '(' or '{'
-	    //  return starting delimiter or FatalIOError
+	    /// Begin read of list data, starts with '(' or '{'
+	    /// return starting delimiter or FatalIOError
 	    char readBeginList(const char* funcName);
 
-	    //- End read of list data, ends with ')' or '}'
-	    //  return closing delimiter or FatalIOError
+	    /// End read of list data, ends with ')' or '}'
+	    /// return closing delimiter or FatalIOError
 	    char readEndList(const char* funcName);
 
-	    // End statement character ;
+	    /// End statement character ;
 	    char readEndStatement(const char* funcName);
 
     	
@@ -217,13 +227,13 @@ public:
 
 typedef iIstream& (*iIstreamManip)(iIstream&);
 
-//- operator>> handling for manipulators without arguments
+/// operator>> handling for manipulators without arguments
 inline iIstream& operator>>(iIstream& is, iIstreamManip f)
 {
     return f(is);
 }
 
-//- operator>> handling for manipulators without arguments
+/// operator>> handling for manipulators without arguments
 inline iIstream& operator>>(iIstream& is, IOstreamManip f)
 {
     f(is);
@@ -231,29 +241,27 @@ inline iIstream& operator>>(iIstream& is, IOstreamManip f)
 }
 
 
-// read operation for basic types it gets from the 
-// token stream
-
+// read operation for basic types it gets from the token stream
 inline iIstream& operator>>( iIstream& is, word & w);
 
 inline iIstream& operator>>( iIstream& is, int64& val);
 
 inline iIstream& operator>>( iIstream& is, int32& val);
 
-inline iIstream& operator>>( iIstream& is, int16& val);
-
 inline iIstream& operator>>( iIstream& is, int8& val);
 
+inline iIstream& operator>>( iIstream& is, uint64& val);
+
 inline iIstream& operator>>( iIstream& is, uint32& val);
 
-inline iIstream& operator>>( iIstream& is, uint16& val);
-
-inline iIstream& operator>>( iIstream& is, label& val);
+inline iIstream& operator>>( iIstream& is, uint8& val);
 
 inline iIstream& operator>>( iIstream& is, float& val);
 
 inline iIstream& operator>>( iIstream& is, double& val);
 
+inline iIstream& operator>>( iIstream& is, size_t& val);
+
 
 
 } // pFlow
@@ -262,4 +270,4 @@ inline iIstream& operator>>( iIstream& is, double& val);
 #include "iIstreamI.hpp"
 
 
-#endif
+#endif //__iIstream_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/iStream/iIstreamI.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/iStream/iIstreamI.hpp
index f8cea3d3..1c73f87b 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/iStream/iIstreamI.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/iStream/iIstreamI.hpp
@@ -200,13 +200,6 @@ inline pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::operator>>( iIstream& is, int32& val)
     return is;
 }
 
-inline pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::operator>>( iIstream& is, int16& val)
-{
-    int64 lval(0);
-    is>>lval;
-    val = static_cast<int16>(lval);
-    return is;
-}
 
 inline pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::operator>>( iIstream& is, int8& val)
 {
@@ -216,11 +209,11 @@ inline pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::operator>>( iIstream& is, int8& val)
     return is;
 }
 
-inline pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::operator>>( iIstream& is, label& val)
+inline pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::operator>>( iIstream& is, uint64& val)
 {
     int64 lval(0);
     is>>lval;
-    val = static_cast<label>(lval);
+    val = static_cast<uint64>(lval);
     return is;
 }
 
@@ -232,11 +225,11 @@ inline pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::operator>>( iIstream& is, uint32& val)
     return is;
 }
 
-inline pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::operator>>( iIstream& is, uint16& val)
+inline pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::operator>>( iIstream& is, uint8& val)
 {
     int64 lval(0);
     is>>lval;
-    val = static_cast<uint16>(lval);
+    val = static_cast<uint8>(lval);
     return is;
 }
 
@@ -302,3 +295,35 @@ inline pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::operator>>( iIstream& is, double& val)
     return is;
 }
 
+inline pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::operator>>( iIstream& is, size_t& val)
+{
+    token t(is);
+    if (!t.good())
+    {
+        ioErrorInFile(is.name(), is.lineNumber())
+            << "Bad token - could not get double value";
+            fatalExit;
+        is.setBad();
+        return is;
+    }
+
+    if (t.isNumber())
+    {
+        val = static_cast<size_t>(t.number());
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ioErrorInFile(is.name(), is.lineNumber())
+            << "Wrong token type - expected double value, found "
+            << t;
+            fatalExit;
+        is.setBad();
+        return is;
+    }
+
+    is.check(FUNCTION_NAME);
+    return is;
+}
+
+
+
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/iStream/iOstream.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/iStream/iOstream.cpp
index 622ff494..dfe82685 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/iStream/iOstream.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/iStream/iOstream.cpp
@@ -21,9 +21,16 @@ Licence:
 
 #include "iOstream.hpp"
 #include "token.hpp"
+#include "error.hpp"
 
 // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Member Functions  * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::iOstream::writeBinaryBlockFlag()
+{
+    notImplementedFunction;
+    return *this;
+}
+
 void pFlow::iOstream::decrIndent()
 {
     if (!indentLevel_)
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/iStream/iOstream.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/iStream/iOstream.hpp
index 6c083a9b..11b73674 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/iStream/iOstream.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/iStream/iOstream.hpp
@@ -17,17 +17,13 @@ Licence:
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
 #ifndef __iOstream_hpp__
 #define __iOstream_hpp__
 
-// based on OpenFOAM stream, with some modifications/simplifications
-// to be tailored to our needs
-
 
 #include "IOstream.hpp"
 
+/// char constants to alter output format and color 
 const inline char* defaultColor = "\033[0m";
 const inline char* blackColor   = "\033[30m";
 const inline char* redColor     = "\033[31m";
@@ -40,7 +36,13 @@ const inline char* whiteColor   = "\033[37m";
 
 const inline char* boldChar     = "\033[1m";
 
-
+#define Red_Text(text)      redColor<<text<<defaultColor
+#define Yellow_Text(text)   yellowColor<<text<<defaultColor
+#define Blue_Text(text)     blueColor<<text<<defaultColor
+#define Green_Text(text)    greenColor<<text<<defaultColor
+#define Magenta_Text(text)  magentaColor<<text<<defaultColor
+#define Cyan_Text(text)         cyanColor<<text<<defaultColor
+#define Bold_Text(text)         boldChar<<text<<defaultColor
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
@@ -48,15 +50,19 @@ namespace pFlow
 // Forward Declarations
 class token;
 
-
-
+/**
+ * Interface class for any output stream. 
+ * It is based on OpenFOAM stream, with some modifications/simplifications
+ * to be tailored to our needs
+ * 
+ */
 class iOstream
 :
     public IOstream
 {
 protected:
 
-    // Protected Data
+    //- Protected Data
 
         /// Indentation of the entry from the start of the keyword
         static constexpr const unsigned short entryIndentation_ = 16;
@@ -71,7 +77,7 @@ protected:
 public:
     
 
-    // Constructors
+    ////- Constructors
 
         /// Default
         explicit iOstream()
@@ -89,7 +95,7 @@ public:
         virtual ~iOstream() = default;
 
 
-    /// Write Functions
+    ////- Write Functions
 
         /// Write token to stream or otherwise handle it.
         /// return false if the token type was not handled by this method
@@ -118,14 +124,17 @@ public:
         /// Write int32
         virtual iOstream& write(const int32 val) = 0;
 
-        /// Write label
-        virtual iOstream& write(const label val) = 0;
+        /// Write int8
+        virtual iOstream& write(const int8 val) = 0;
+
+        /// Write uint64
+        virtual iOstream& write(const uint64 val) = 0;
 
         /// Write uint32
         virtual iOstream& write(const uint32 val) = 0;
 
-        /// Write uint16
-        virtual iOstream& write(const uint16 val) = 0;
+        /// Write uint8
+        virtual iOstream& write(const uint8 val) = 0;
 
         /// Write float
         virtual iOstream& write(const float val) = 0;
@@ -133,11 +142,17 @@ public:
         /// Write double
         virtual iOstream& write(const double val) = 0;
        
+        /// Write size_t
+        virtual iOstream& write(const size_t val) = 0;
+         
         /// Write a block of binray data 
         virtual iOstream& write(const char* binaryData, std::streamsize count) = 0;
+
+        /// Write the flag to indicate the start of a binary block
+        virtual iOstream& writeBinaryBlockFlag();
         
-    
-    // - Indent 
+        virtual void seek(size_t pos) = 0;
+    //// - Indent 
 
         /// Add indentation characters
         virtual void indent() = 0;
@@ -175,7 +190,7 @@ public:
         /// Decrement the indent level
         void decrIndent();
 
-    //- Punctuations
+    ////- Punctuations
     
         /// Write begin block group with a name
         ///  Increments indentation, adds newline.
@@ -228,7 +243,13 @@ public:
         }
 
 
-    //- Stream state functions
+    ////- Stream state functions
+
+        /// Add a new line and flush stream 
+        virtual void startOfBinaryStreaming() =0;
+
+        /// Reach end of file add a new line and flush stream 
+        virtual void endOfBinaryStreaming() = 0 ;
 
         /// Flush stream
         virtual void flush() = 0;
@@ -255,7 +276,7 @@ public:
         virtual int precision(const int p) = 0;
 
 
-    //- Member Operators
+    ////- Member Operators
 
         /// Return a non-const reference to const iOstream
         /// Needed for write functions where the stream argument is temporary:
@@ -377,17 +398,13 @@ inline iOstream& operator<<( iOstream& os, const int32& val)
     return os.write(val);
 }
 
-inline iOstream& operator<<( iOstream& os, const int16& val)
-{
-    return os.write(val);
-}
 
 inline iOstream& operator<<( iOstream& os, const int8& val)
 {
     return os.write(val);
 }
 
-inline iOstream& operator<<( iOstream& os, const label& val)
+inline iOstream& operator<<( iOstream& os, const uint64& val)
 {
     return os.write(val);
 }
@@ -397,7 +414,7 @@ inline iOstream& operator<<( iOstream& os, const uint32& val)
     return os.write(val);
 }
 
-inline iOstream& operator<<( iOstream& os, const uint16& val)
+inline iOstream& operator<<( iOstream& os, const uint8& val)
 {
     return os.write(val);
 }
@@ -412,16 +429,19 @@ inline iOstream& operator<<( iOstream& os, const double& val)
 {
     return os.write(val);
 }
+
+inline iOstream& operator<<( iOstream& os, const size_t& val)
+{
+    return os.write(val);
+}
+
 // Useful aliases for tab and newline characters
 constexpr char tab = '\t';
 constexpr char nl = '\n';
 
 
-
-
 } //  pFlow
 
 
 #endif
 
-// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/masterOstream/masterOstream.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/masterOstream/masterOstream.cpp
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..24d0931a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/masterOstream/masterOstream.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+
+#include "masterOstream.hpp"
+#include "token.hpp"
+
+
+pFlow::masterOstream::masterOstream
+(
+    std::ostream& os,
+    const word& streamName
+)
+:
+    Ostream(os, streamName, writeFormat::ASCII)
+{}
+
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::masterOstream::write(const char c)
+{
+    if(showOutput())
+    {
+        Ostream::write(c);
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::masterOstream::write(const char* str)
+{
+    if(showOutput())
+    {
+        Ostream::write(str);
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::masterOstream::write(const word& str)
+{
+    if(showOutput())
+    {
+        Ostream::write(str);
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::masterOstream::writeQuoted
+(
+    const word& str,
+    const bool quoted
+)
+{
+    if(showOutput())
+    {
+        Ostream::writeQuoted(str, quoted);
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::masterOstream::write(const int64 val)
+{
+    if(showOutput())
+    {
+        Ostream::write(val);
+    }
+    return *this;   
+}
+
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::masterOstream::write(const int32 val)
+{
+    if(showOutput())
+    {
+        Ostream::write(val);
+    }
+    return *this; 
+}
+
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::masterOstream::write(const int8 val)
+{
+    if(showOutput())
+    {
+        Ostream::write(val);
+    }
+    return *this; 
+}
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::masterOstream::write(const uint64 val)
+{
+    if(showOutput())
+    {
+        Ostream::write(val);
+    }
+    return *this; 
+}
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::masterOstream::write(const uint32 val)
+{
+    if(showOutput())
+    {
+        Ostream::write(val);
+    }
+    return *this; 
+}
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::masterOstream::write(const uint8 val)
+{
+    if(showOutput())
+    {
+        Ostream::write(val);
+    }
+    return *this; 
+}
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::masterOstream::write(const float val)
+{
+    if(showOutput())
+    {
+        Ostream::write(val);
+    }
+    return *this; 
+}
+
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::masterOstream::write(const double val)
+{
+    if(showOutput())
+    {
+        Ostream::write(val);
+    }
+    return *this; 
+}
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::masterOstream::write(const size_t val)
+{
+    if(showOutput())
+    {
+        Ostream::write(val);
+    }
+    return *this; 
+}
+
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::masterOstream::write
+(
+    const char* binaryData, 
+    std::streamsize count
+)
+{
+    if(showOutput())
+    {
+        Ostream::write(binaryData, count);
+    }
+    return *this; 
+}
+
+
+void pFlow::masterOstream::indent()
+{
+    
+    if(showOutput())
+    {
+        Ostream::indent();
+    }    
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/masterOstream/masterOstream.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/masterOstream/masterOstream.hpp
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..60931ea4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/masterOstream/masterOstream.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __masterOstream_hpp__
+#define __masterOstream_hpp__
+
+#include "Ostream.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+/**
+ * Output stream for MPI parallel run, when we need to 
+ * know which the processor number in the output line. 
+ * The processor number is shown as a prefix for the output line. 
+ * 
+ * It is based on OpenFOAM stream, with some modifications/simplifications
+ * to be tailored to our needs.
+ */
+class masterOstream
+:
+    public Ostream
+{
+protected:
+
+    /// Print prefix?
+    bool isThisMaster_	= true;
+
+    
+    inline bool showOutput() const
+    {
+        return isThisMaster_;
+    }
+
+public:
+
+    //// - Constructors
+        
+        /// From components 
+        masterOstream(std::ostream& os, const word& streamName);
+
+        /// No copy construct 
+        masterOstream(const masterOstream&) = delete;
+
+        /// No copy assignment
+        void operator=(const masterOstream&) = delete;
+
+
+
+    //// - Methods
+        /// Set if this processor is slave or master 
+        void setMasterSlave(bool master)
+        {
+            isThisMaster_ = master;
+        }
+
+        /// Write token to stream or otherwise handle it.
+        /// return false if the token type was not handled by this method
+        bool write(const token& tok)
+        // to prevent compiler warning, this method is overriden agian 
+        {
+            return Ostream::write(tok);
+        }
+
+        /// Write character
+        iOstream& write(const char c)override;
+
+        /// Write character string
+        iOstream& write(const char* str)override;
+
+        /// Write word
+        iOstream& write(const word& str)override;
+    
+        /// Write std::string surrounded by quotes.
+        //  Optional write without quotes.
+        iOstream& writeQuoted ( const word& str, const bool quoted=true ) override;
+
+        /// Write int64
+        iOstream& write(const int64 val) override;
+
+        /// Write int32
+        iOstream& write(const int32 val) override;
+
+        /// Write int32
+        iOstream& write(const int8 val) override;
+
+        /// Write uint64
+        iOstream& write(const uint64 val) override;
+
+        /// Write uint32
+        iOstream& write(const uint32 val) override;
+
+        /// Write uint8
+        iOstream& write(const uint8 val) override;
+
+        /// Write float
+        iOstream& write(const float val) override;
+
+        /// Write double
+        iOstream& write(const double val) override;
+
+        /// Write double
+        iOstream& write(const size_t val) override;
+        
+        /// Write a block of binray data 
+        iOstream& write(const char* binaryData, std::streamsize count) override;
+
+        /// Add indentation characters
+        void indent() override;
+
+
+}; // masterOstream
+
+
+
+} // pFlow
+
+
+#endif // __masterOstream_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/processorOstream/processorOstream.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/processorOstream/processorOstream.cpp
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..e59c759a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/processorOstream/processorOstream.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "processorOstream.hpp"
+#include "token.hpp"
+
+
+pFlow::processorOstream::processorOstream
+(
+    std::ostream& os,
+    const word& streamName
+)
+:
+    Ostream(os, streamName, writeFormat::ASCII)
+{}
+
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::processorOstream::write(const char c)
+{
+    checkForPrefix();
+    Ostream::write(c);
+
+    if (c == token::NL)
+    {
+        printPrefix_ = true;
+    }
+
+    return *this;
+
+}
+
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::processorOstream::write(const char* str)
+{
+    checkForPrefix();
+    Ostream::write(str);
+
+    size_t len = std::strlen(str);
+    if (len && str[len-1] == token::NL)
+    {
+        printPrefix_ = true;
+    }
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::processorOstream::write(const word& str)
+{
+    checkForPrefix();
+    return Ostream::write(str);
+}
+
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::processorOstream::writeQuoted
+(
+    const word& str,
+    const bool quoted
+)
+{
+    checkForPrefix();
+    return Ostream::writeQuoted(str, quoted);
+}
+
+
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::processorOstream::write(const int64 val)
+{
+    checkForPrefix();
+    return Ostream::write(val);
+}
+
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::processorOstream::write(const int32 val)
+{
+    checkForPrefix();
+    return Ostream::write(val);
+}
+
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::processorOstream::write(const int8 val)
+{
+    checkForPrefix();
+    return Ostream::write(val);
+}
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::processorOstream::write(const uint64 val)
+{
+    checkForPrefix();
+    return Ostream::write(val);
+}
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::processorOstream::write(const uint32 val)
+{
+    checkForPrefix();
+    return Ostream::write(val);
+}
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::processorOstream::write(const uint8 val)
+{
+    checkForPrefix();
+    return Ostream::write(val);
+}
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::processorOstream::write(const float val)
+{
+    checkForPrefix();
+    return Ostream::write(val);
+}
+
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::processorOstream::write(const double val)
+{
+    checkForPrefix();
+    return Ostream::write(val);
+}
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::processorOstream::write(const size_t val)
+{
+    checkForPrefix();
+    return Ostream::write(val);
+}
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::processorOstream::write
+(
+    const char* binaryData, 
+    std::streamsize count
+)
+{
+    checkForPrefix();
+    return Ostream::write(binaryData, count);
+}
+
+
+void pFlow::processorOstream::indent()
+{
+    checkForPrefix();
+    Ostream::indent();
+}
+
+pFlow::processorOstream &pFlow::processorOstream::setColor(const char *colorCode)
+{
+    Ostream::write(colorCode);
+    return *this;
+}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/processorOstream/processorOstream.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/processorOstream/processorOstream.hpp
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..92c77d22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/processorOstream/processorOstream.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __processorOstream_hpp__
+#define __processorOstream_hpp__
+
+#include "Ostream.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+/**
+ * Output stream for MPI parallel run, when we need to 
+ * know which the processor number in the output line. 
+ * The processor number is shown as a prefix for the output line. 
+ * 
+ * It is based on OpenFOAM stream, with some modifications/simplifications
+ * to be tailored to our needs.
+ */
+class processorOstream
+:
+    public Ostream
+{
+protected:
+
+    /// Print prefix?
+    bool printPrefix_	= false;
+
+    /// Prefix word  
+    word prefix_ 		= "";
+
+    /// Output the prefix if required. 
+    inline
+    void checkForPrefix()
+    {
+    	if(printPrefix_ && prefix_.size())
+    	{
+    		Ostream::write(prefix_.c_str());
+    		printPrefix_ = false;
+    	}
+    }
+
+public:
+
+    //// - Constructors
+        
+        /// From components 
+        processorOstream(std::ostream& os, const word& streamName);
+
+        /// No copy construct 
+        processorOstream(const processorOstream&) = delete;
+
+        /// No copy assignment
+        void operator=(const processorOstream&) = delete;
+
+
+    //// - Methods
+
+        /// Set processor number to be used in the prefix. 
+        word setPrefixNum(int procNum)
+        {
+            prefix_ = word("[")+int322Word(procNum)+word("] ");
+            return prefix_;
+        }
+
+        /// Activate prefix for this stream.
+        void activatePrefix()
+        {
+            printPrefix_ = true;
+        }
+        
+        /// Write token to stream or otherwise handle it.
+        /// return false if the token type was not handled by this method
+        bool write(const token& tok)
+        // to prevent compiler warning, this method is overriden agian 
+        {
+            return Ostream::write(tok);
+        }
+
+        /// Write character
+        iOstream& write(const char c)override;
+
+        /// Write character string
+        iOstream& write(const char* str)override;
+
+        /// Write word
+        iOstream& write(const word& str)override;
+    
+        /// Write std::string surrounded by quotes.
+        //  Optional write without quotes.
+        iOstream& writeQuoted ( const word& str, const bool quoted=true ) override;
+
+        /// Write int64
+        iOstream& write(const int64 val) override;
+
+        /// Write int32
+        iOstream& write(const int32 val) override;
+
+        /// Write int32
+        iOstream& write(const int8 val) override;
+
+        /// Write uint64
+        iOstream& write(const uint64 val) override;
+
+        /// Write uint32
+        iOstream& write(const uint32 val) override;
+
+        /// Write uint8
+        iOstream& write(const uint8 val) override;
+
+        /// Write float
+        iOstream& write(const float val) override;
+
+        /// Write double
+        iOstream& write(const double val) override;
+
+        /// Write double
+        iOstream& write(const size_t val) override;
+        
+        /// Write a block of binray data 
+        iOstream& write(const char* binaryData, std::streamsize count) override;
+
+        /// Add indentation characters
+        void indent() override;
+
+        processorOstream& setColor(const char* colorCode);
+
+
+}; // processorOstream
+
+
+
+} // pFlow
+
+
+#endif // __processorOstream_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/streams.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/streams.cpp
index 337b7e81..9b49dbf8 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/streams.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/streams.cpp
@@ -3,6 +3,11 @@
 
 pFlow::Ostream pFlow::output(std::cout, "pFlow Ostream");
 
+pFlow::masterOstream pFlow::mOutput(cout, "pFlow masterOstream");
+
+pFlow::processorOstream pFlow::pOutput(cout, "pFlow processorOstream");
+
 pFlow::Istream pFlow::input( std::cin, "sFlow Istream"); 
 
-pFlow::Ostream pFlow::errReport( std::cerr, "pFlow error report stream");
+pFlow::processorOstream pFlow::errReport( std::cerr, "pFlow error report stream");
+
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/streams.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/streams.hpp
index de60dc6f..e34a28cd 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/streams.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/streams.hpp
@@ -13,38 +13,37 @@
 
 #include "iTstream.hpp"
 
+#include "processorOstream.hpp"
+
+#include "masterOstream.hpp"
+
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-
 	extern Ostream output;
 
+	extern masterOstream mOutput;
+
+	extern processorOstream pOutput;
+
 	extern Istream input; 
 
-	extern Ostream errReport;
-
+	extern processorOstream errReport;
 
 }
 
-#define redText(text)     	redColor<<text<<defaultColor
-#define yellowText(text)  	yellowColor<<text<<defaultColor
-#define blueText(text)    	blueColor<<text<<defaultColor
-#define greenText(text)   	greenColor<<text<<defaultColor
-#define magentaText(text) 	magentaColor<<text<<defaultColor
-#define cyanText(text) 		cyanColor<<text<<defaultColor
-#define boldText(text) 		boldChar<<text<<defaultColor
 
-#define INFORMATION pFlow::output<<boldChar<<magentaColor<<"> INFO: "<<defaultColor<<magentaColor
-#define endINFO defaultColor<<pFlow::nl
+#define INFORMATION pFlow::pOutput.setColor(boldChar).setColor(magentaColor)<<"> INFO: "<<defaultColor<<magentaColor
+#define END_INFO defaultColor<<pFlow::endl
 
-#define REPORT(n) pFlow::output.space(2*n)
-#define endREPORT pFlow::nl
+#define REPORT(n) pFlow::mOutput.space(2*n)
+#define END_REPORT pFlow::endl
 
 
-#define yWARNING pFlow::output<<boldChar<<yellowColor<<"> WARNING\n"<<defaultColor<<yellowColor<<"  " 
-#define endyWARNING defaultColor<<pFlow::nl
+#define WARNING pFlow::errReport<<boldChar<<yellowColor<<"> WARNING\n"<<defaultColor<<yellowColor<<"  " 
+#define END_WARNING defaultColor<<pFlow::endl
 
-#define ERR pFlow::output<<boldChar<<redColor<<"> ERROR\n"<<defaultColor<<redColor<<"  " 
-#define endERR defaultColor<<pFlow::nl
+#define ERR pFlow::errReport<<boldChar<<redColor<<"> ERROR\n"<<defaultColor<<redColor<<"  " 
+#define END_ERR defaultColor<<pFlow::endl
 
-#endif
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/token/token.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/token/token.hpp
index 5dd3ebaa..c0ba324f 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/token/token.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/token/token.hpp
@@ -17,95 +17,97 @@ Licence:
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-// based on OpenFOAM stream, with some modifications/simplifications
-// to be tailored to our needs
-
-
 #ifndef __token_hpp__
 #define __token_hpp__
 
 
 #include "bTypes.hpp"
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
+
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-// Forward Declarations
+/// Forward Declarations
 class token;
 class iIstream;
 class iOstream;
+
 iOstream& operator<<(iOstream& os, const token& tok);
 
 
+/**
+ *  Token class 
+ *  based on OpenFOAM stream, with some modifications/simplifications
+ *  to be tailored to our needs 
+ */
 class token
 {
 public:
 
-    //- Enumeration defining the types of token.
-    //  Since these values are also used to tag content in Pstream,
-    //  the maximum number of types is limited to 30.
+    /// Enumeration defining the types of token.
+    /// Since these values are also used to tag content in Pstream,
+    /// the maximum number of types is limited to 30.
     enum tokenType
     {
         UNDEFINED = 0,    //!< An undefined token-type
 
         // Fundamental types
-        FLAG,             //!< stream flag (1-byte bitmask)
-        PUNCTUATION,      //!< single character punctuation
-        BOOL,             //!< boolean type
-        INT64,             //!< int64 (integer) type
-        FLOAT,            //!< float (single-precision) type
-        DOUBLE,           //!< double (double-precision) type
+        FLAG,             /// stream flag (1-byte bitmask)
+        PUNCTUATION,      /// single character punctuation
+        BOOL,             /// boolean type
+        INT64,            /// int64 (integer) type
+        FLOAT,            /// float (single-precision) type
+        DOUBLE,           /// double (double-precision) type
 
         // Pointer types
-        WORD,             //!< A pFlow::word
-        STRING, 		  //!< A string whth double quuote
-        DIRECTIVE,        //!< A dictionary \c \#directive (word variant)
-        VARIABLE,         //!< A dictionary \c \$variable (string variant)
+        WORD,             /// A pFlow::word
+        STRING, 		  /// A string whth double quuote
+        DIRECTIVE,        /// A dictionary \c \#directive (word variant)
+        VARIABLE,         /// A dictionary \c \$variable (string variant)
 
-        ERROR,            //!< A token error encountered
+        ERROR,            /// A token error encountered
     };
 
 
-    //**************- Stream or output control flags (1-byte width)
+    /// Stream or output control flags (1-byte width)
     enum flagType
     {
-        NO_FLAG = 0,   //!< No flags
-        ASCII   = 1,   //!< ASCII-mode stream
-        BINARY  = 2    //!< BINARY-mode stream
+        NO_FLAG = 0,   /// No flags
+        ASCII   = 1,   /// ASCII-mode stream
+        BINARY  = 2    /// BINARY-mode stream
     };
 
 
-    //- Standard punctuation tokens (a character)
+    /// Standard punctuation tokens (a character)
     enum punctuationToken : char
     {
-        NULL_TOKEN     = '\0',  //!< Nul character
-        SPACE          = ' ',   //!< Space [isspace]
-        TAB            = '\t',  //!< Tab [isspace]
-        NL             = '\n',  //!< Newline [isspace]
+        NULL_TOKEN     = '\0',  /// Nul character
+        SPACE          = ' ',   /// Space [isspace]
+        TAB            = '\t',  /// Tab [isspace]
+        NL             = '\n',  /// Newline [isspace]
 
-        END_STATEMENT  = ';',   //!< End entry [#isseparator]
-        BEGIN_LIST     = '(',   //!< Begin list [#isseparator]
-        END_LIST       = ')',   //!< End list [#isseparator]
-        BEGIN_SQR      = '[',   //!< Begin dimensions [#isseparator]
-        END_SQR        = ']',   //!< End dimensions [#isseparator]
-        BEGIN_BLOCK    = '{',   //!< Begin block [#isseparator]
-        END_BLOCK      = '}',   //!< End block [#isseparator]
-        COLON          = ':',   //!< Colon [#isseparator]
-        COMMA          = ',',   //!< Comma [#isseparator]
-        DOLLAR         = '$',   //!< Dollar - start variable
-        SQUOTE         = '\'',  //!< Single quote
-        DQUOTE         = '"',   //!< Double quote
+        END_STATEMENT  = ';',   /// End entry [#isseparator]
+        BEGIN_LIST     = '(',   /// Begin list [#isseparator]
+        END_LIST       = ')',   /// End list [#isseparator]
+        BEGIN_SQR      = '[',   /// Begin dimensions [#isseparator]
+        END_SQR        = ']',   /// End dimensions [#isseparator]
+        BEGIN_BLOCK    = '{',   /// Begin block [#isseparator]
+        END_BLOCK      = '}',   /// End block [#isseparator]
+        COLON          = ':',   /// Colon [#isseparator]
+        COMMA          = ',',   /// Comma [#isseparator]
+        DOLLAR         = '$',   /// Dollar - start variable
+        SQUOTE         = '\'',  /// Single quote
+        DQUOTE         = '"',   /// Double quote
 
-        SUBTRACT       = '-',   //!< Subtract or start of negative number
-        DIVIDE         = '/',   //!< Divide [#isseparator]
+        SUBTRACT       = '-',   /// Subtract or start of negative number
+        DIVIDE         = '/',   /// Divide [#isseparator]
 
-        BEGIN_STRING   = DQUOTE, //!< Begin string with double quote
-        END_STRING     = DQUOTE  //!< End string with double quote
+        BEGIN_STRING   = DQUOTE, /// Begin string with double quote
+        END_STRING     = DQUOTE  /// End string with double quote
     };
 
-    //- An undefined token
+    /// An undefined token
     static const inline token undefinedToken();
 
     static token endList()
@@ -155,7 +157,7 @@ public:
 
 private:
 
-    //- A %union of token types
+    /// A %union of token types
     union content
     {
         // Fundamental values. Largest first for any {} initialization.
@@ -172,279 +174,285 @@ private:
     };
 
 
-    // Private Data
+    //// -  Private Data
 
-    //- The data content (as a union).
+    /// The data content (as a union).
     //  For memory alignment this should appear as the first member.
     content data_;
 
-    //- The token type
+    /// The token type
     tokenType type_;
 
-    //- Line number in the file the token was read from
+    /// Line number in the file the token was read from
     int32 lineNumber_;
 
 
     // Private Member Functions
 
-    //- Set as UNDEFINED and zero the union content without any checking
+    /// Set as UNDEFINED and zero the union content without any checking
     inline void setUndefined();
 
-    // Parse error, expected 'expected', found ...
+    /// Parse error, expected 'expected', found ...
     void parseError(const char* expected) const;
 
 
 public:
 
-    // Static Data Members
 
-    // Constructors
+    //// - Constructors
 
-    //- Default construct, initialized to an UNDEFINED token.
-    inline constexpr token() noexcept;
+        /// Default construct, initialized to an UNDEFINED token.
+        inline constexpr token() noexcept;
 
-    //- Copy construct
-    inline token(const token& t);
+        /// Copy construct
+        inline token(const token& t);
 
-    //- Move construct. The original token is left as UNDEFINED.
-    inline token(token&& t);
+        /// Move construct. The original token is left as UNDEFINED.
+        inline token(token&& t);
 
-    //- Construct punctuation character token
-    inline explicit token(punctuationToken p, int32 lineNumber=0);
+        /// Construct punctuation character token
+        inline explicit token(punctuationToken p, int32 lineNumber=0);
 
-    //- Construct label token
-    inline explicit token(const label val, int32 lineNumber=0);
+        /// Construct int64 token
+        inline explicit token(const uint64 val, int32 lineNumber=0);
 
-    //- Construct uint32 token
-    inline explicit token(const uint32 val, int32 lineNumber=0);
+        /// Construct int64 token
+        inline explicit token(const uint32 val, int32 lineNumber=0);
 
-    //- Construct int64 token
-    inline explicit token(const int64 val, int32 lineNumber=0);
+        /// Construct int8 token
+        inline explicit token(const uint8 val, int32 lineNumber=0);
 
-    //- Construct int64 token
-    inline explicit token(const int32 val, int32 lineNumber=0);
+        /// Construct int64 token
+        inline explicit token(const int64 val, int32 lineNumber=0);
 
-    //- Construct float token
-    inline explicit token(const float val, int32 lineNumber=0);
+        /// Construct int64 token
+        inline explicit token(const int32 val, int32 lineNumber=0);
 
-    //- Construct double token
-    inline explicit token(const double val, int32 lineNumber=0);
+        /// Construct int64 token
+        inline explicit token(const int8 val, int32 lineNumber=0);
 
-    //- Copy construct word & string token
-    inline explicit token(const word& w, int32 lineNumber=0, bool isString = false);
+        /// Construct float token
+        inline explicit token(const float val, int32 lineNumber=0);
+
+        /// Construct double token
+        inline explicit token(const double val, int32 lineNumber=0);
+
+        /// Copy construct word & string token
+        inline explicit token(const word& w, int32 lineNumber=0, bool isString = false);
 
 
-    //- Move construct word & string token
-    inline explicit token(word&& w, int32 lineNumber=0, bool isString = false);
+        /// Move construct word & string token
+        inline explicit token(word&& w, int32 lineNumber=0, bool isString = false);
 
-    //- Construct from iIstream
-    explicit token(iIstream& is);
+        /// Construct from iIstream
+        explicit token(iIstream& is);
 
 
-    //- Destructor
-    inline ~token();
+        /// Destructor
+        inline ~token();
 
 
-    // Static Functions
+    //// - Static Functions
 
-        //- Create a bool token.
+        /// Create a bool token.
         inline static token boolean(bool on);
 
-        //- Create a token with stream flags, no sanity check
-        //
-        //  \param bitmask the flags to set
+        /// Create a token with stream flags, no sanity check
+        ///
+        ///  \param bitmask the flags to set
         inline static token flag(int bitmask);
 
-        //- True if the character is a punctuation separator (eg, in ISstream).
-        //  Since it could also start a number, SUBTRACT is not included as
-        //  a separator.
-        //
-        //  \param c the character to test, passed as int for consistency with
-        //      isdigit, isspace etc.
+        /// True if the character is a punctuation separator (eg, in ISstream).
+        ///  Since it could also start a number, SUBTRACT is not included as
+        ///  a separator.
+        ///
+        ///  \param c the character to test, passed as int for consistency with
+        ///      isdigit, isspace etc.
         inline static bool isseparator(int c);
 
 
-    // Member Functions
+    //// - Member Functions
 
-    // Status
+    // - Status
 
-        //- Return the name of the token type
+        /// Return the name of the token type
         word name() const;
 
-        //- Return the token type
+        /// Return the token type
         inline tokenType type() const;
 
-        //- Change the token type, for similar types.
-        //  This can be used to change between string-like variants
-        //  (eg, STRING, VARIABLE, etc)
-        //  To change types entirely (eg, STRING to DOUBLE),
-        //  use the corresponding assignment operator.
-        //
-        //  \return true if the change was successful or no change was required
+        /// Change the token type, for similar types.
+        ///  This can be used to change between string-like variants
+        ///  (eg, STRING, VARIABLE, etc)
+        ///  To change types entirely (eg, STRING to DOUBLE),
+        ///  use the corresponding assignment operator.
+        ///
+        ///  \return true if the change was successful or no change was required
         inline bool setType(const tokenType tokType);
 
-        //- The line number for the token
+        /// The line number for the token
         inline int32 lineNumber() const;
 
-        //- The line number for the token
+        /// The line number for the token
         inline int32& lineNumber();
 
-        //- True if token is not UNDEFINED or ERROR
+        /// True if token is not UNDEFINED or ERROR
         inline bool good() const;
 
-        //- Token is UNDEFINED
+        /// Token is UNDEFINED
         inline bool undefined() const;
 
-        //- Token is ERROR
+        /// Token is ERROR
         inline bool error() const;
 
-        //- Token is BOOL
+        /// Token is BOOL
         inline bool isBool() const;
 
-        //- Token is FLAG
+        /// Token is FLAG
         inline bool isFlag() const;
 
-        //- Token is PUNCTUATION
+        /// Token is PUNCTUATION
         inline bool isPunctuation() const;
 
-        //- Token is PUNCTUATION and isseparator
+        /// Token is PUNCTUATION and isseparator
         inline bool isSeparator() const;
 
-        //- Tolen is end statement 
+        /// Token is end statement 
         inline bool isEndStatement() const;
 
+        /// Token is end endBlock 
         inline bool isEndBlock()const;
 
-        //- Token is INT64
+        /// Token is int64
         inline bool isInt64() const;
 
-        //- Token is INT32
+        /// Token is int32
         inline bool isInt32() const;
 
-        //- Token is FLOAT
+        /// Token is float
         inline bool isFloat() const;
 
-        //- Token is DOUBLE
+        /// Token is double
         inline bool isDouble() const;
 
-        //- Token is FLOAT or DOUBLE
+        /// Token is float or double
         inline bool isReal() const;
 
-        //- Token is INT64, FLOAT or DOUBLE
+        /// Token is int, float or duble
         inline bool isNumber() const;
 
-        //- Token is WORD or DIRECTIVE word
+        /// Token is word or DIRECTIVE word
         inline bool isWord() const;
 
-        //- Token is DIRECTIVE (word variant)
+        /// Token is DIRECTIVE (word variant)
         inline bool isDirective() const;
 
-        //- Token is STRING, VARIABLE or VERBATIM string
+        /// Token is STRING, VARIABLE or VERBATIM string
         inline bool isString() const;
 
-        //- Token is VARIABLE (string variant)
+        /// Token is VARIABLE (string variant)
         inline bool isVariable() const;
 
-        //- Token is WORD, DIRECTIVE, STRING, VARIABLE or VERBATIM
+        /// Token is WORD, DIRECTIVE, STRING, VARIABLE or VERBATIM
         inline bool isStringType() const;
 
 
-    // Access
+    //- Access
 
-        //- Return boolean token value.
-        //  Report FatalIOError and return false if token is not BOOL or INT64
+        /// Return boolean token value.
+        ///  Report FatalIOError and return false if token is not BOOL or INT64
         inline bool boolToken() const;
 
-        //- Return flag bitmask value.
-        //  Report FatalIOError and return NO_FLAG if token is not FLAG
+        /// Return flag bitmask value.
+        ///  Report FatalIOError and return NO_FLAG if token is not FLAG
         inline int flagToken() const;
 
-        //- Return punctuation character.
-        //  Report FatalIOError and return \b \\0 if token is not PUNCTUATION
+        /// Return punctuation character.
+        ///  Report FatalIOError and return \b \\0 if token is not PUNCTUATION
         inline punctuationToken pToken() const;
 
-        //- Return int64 value.
+        /// Return int64 value.
         //  Report FatalIOError and return \b 0 if token is not INT64
         inline int64 int64Token() const;
 
-        //- Return int32 value.
-        //  Report FatalIOError and return \b 0 if token is not INT64
+        /// Return int32 value.
+        ///  Report FatalIOError and return \b 0 if token is not INT64
         inline int32 int32Token() const;
 
-        //- Return float value.
-        //  Report FatalIOError and return \b 0 if token is not FLOAT
+        /// Return float value.
+        ///  Report FatalIOError and return \b 0 if token is not FLOAT
         inline float floatToken() const;
 
-        //- Return double value.
-        //  Report FatalIOError and return \b 0 if token is not DOUBLE
+        /// Return double value.
+        ///  Report FatalIOError and return \b 0 if token is not DOUBLE
         inline double doubleToken() const;
 
-        //- Return float or double value.
-        //  Report FatalIOError and return \b 0 if token is not a
-        //  FLOAT or DOUBLE
+        /// Return float or double value.
+        ///  Report FatalIOError and return \b 0 if token is not a
+        ///  FLOAT or DOUBLE
         inline real realToken() const;
 
-        //- Return int64, float or double value.
-        //  Report FatalIOError and return \b 0 if token is not a
-        //  INT64, FLOAT or DOUBLE
+        /// Return int64, float or double value.
+        ///  Report FatalIOError and return \b 0 if token is not a
+        ///  INT64, FLOAT or DOUBLE
         inline real number() const;
 
-        //- Return const reference to the word contents.
-        //  Report FatalIOError and return \b "" if token is not a
-        //  WORD or DIRECTIVE
+        /// Return const reference to the word contents.
+        ///  Report FatalIOError and return \b "" if token is not a
+        ///  WORD or DIRECTIVE
         inline const word& wordToken() const;
 
-        //- Return const reference to the string contents.
-        //  Report FatalIOError and return \b "" if token is not a
-        //  STRING, VARIABLE, VERBATIM or an upcast WORD or DIRECTIVE
+        /// Return const reference to the string contents.
+        ///  Report FatalIOError and return \b "" if token is not a
+        ///  STRING, VARIABLE, VERBATIM or an upcast WORD or DIRECTIVE
         inline const word& stringToken() const;
 
 
-    // Edit
+    //- Edit
 
-        //- Reset token to UNDEFINED and clear any allocated storage
+        /// Reset token to UNDEFINED and clear any allocated storage
         inline void reset();
 
-        //- Clear token and set to be ERROR.
+        /// Clear token and set to be ERROR.
         inline void setBad();
 
-        //- Swap token contents: type, data, line-number
+        /// Swap token contents: type, data, line-number
         inline void swap(token& tok);
 
 
-    // Assignment
+    //- Assignment
 
-        //- Copy assign
+        /// Copy assign
         inline void operator=(const token& tok);
 
-        //- Move assign
+        /// Move assign
         inline void operator=(token&& tok);
 
-        //- Copy assign from punctuation
+        /// Copy assign from punctuation
         inline void operator=(const punctuationToken p);
 
-        //- Copy assign from int64
+        /// Copy assign from int64
         inline void operator=(const int64 val);
 
-         //- Copy assign from int32
+         /// Copy assign from int32
         inline void operator=(const int32 val);
 
-        //- Copy assign from float
+        /// Copy assign from float
         inline void operator=(const float val);
 
-        //- Copy assign from double
+        /// Copy assign from double
         inline void operator=(const double val);
 
-        //- Copy assign from word
+        /// Copy assign from word
         inline void operator=(const word& w);
 
                 
 
-        //- Move assign from word
+        /// Move assign from word
         inline void operator=(word&& w);
 
         
-    // Equality
+    //- Equality
 
         inline bool operator==(const token& tok) const;
         inline bool operator==(const punctuationToken p) const;
@@ -455,7 +463,7 @@ public:
         inline bool operator==(const word& w) const;
 
 
-    // Inequality
+    //- Inequality
 
         inline bool operator!=(const token& tok) const;
         inline bool operator!=(const punctuationToken p) const;
@@ -468,7 +476,8 @@ public:
         iOstream& printInfo(iOstream& os)const;
 
         std::ostream& printInfo(std::ostream& os)const;
-    // IOstream Operators
+    
+    //- IOstream Operators
 
         friend iOstream& operator<<(iOstream& os, const token& tok);
         friend iOstream& operator<<(iOstream& os, const punctuationToken& pt);
@@ -527,18 +536,10 @@ inline token newLineToken()
 }
 
 
-
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
 } // End namespace pFlow
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 #include "tokenI.hpp"
 
 
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
-
 #endif
-
-// ************************************************************************* //
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/token/tokenI.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/token/tokenI.hpp
index 1b261866..459018e7 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/token/tokenI.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/token/tokenI.hpp
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ inline pFlow::token::token(punctuationToken p, int32 lineNumber)
     data_.punctuationVal = p;
 }
 
-inline pFlow::token::token(const label val, int32 lineNumber)
+inline pFlow::token::token(const uint64 val, int32 lineNumber)
 :
     data_(),
     type_(tokenType::INT64),
@@ -162,6 +162,15 @@ inline pFlow::token::token(const uint32 val, int32 lineNumber)
     data_.int64Val = static_cast<int64>(val);
 }
 
+inline pFlow::token::token(const uint8 val, int32 lineNumber)
+:
+    data_(),
+    type_(tokenType::INT64),
+    lineNumber_(lineNumber)
+{
+    data_.int64Val = static_cast<int64>(val);
+}
+
 inline pFlow::token::token(const int64 val, int32 lineNumber)
 :
     data_(),
@@ -180,6 +189,15 @@ inline pFlow::token::token(const int32 val, int32 lineNumber)
     data_.int64Val = static_cast<int64>(val);
 }
 
+inline pFlow::token::token(const int8 val, int32 lineNumber)
+:
+    data_(),
+    type_(tokenType::INT64),
+    lineNumber_(lineNumber)
+{
+    data_.int64Val = static_cast<int64>(val);
+}
+
 inline pFlow::token::token(const float val, int32 lineNumber)
 :
     data_(),
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundariesMask.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundariesMask.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..13875f2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundariesMask.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+
+#ifndef __boundariesMask_hpp__
+#define __boundariesMask_hpp__
+
+#include <array>
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+template<size_t N>
+class boundariesMask
+:
+    public std::array<bool,N> 
+{
+public:
+    
+    boundariesMask()=default;
+
+    boundariesMask(bool val)
+    {
+        this->fill(val);
+    }
+
+    boundariesMask(std::initializer_list<bool> l)
+    :
+        std::array<bool,N>(l)
+    {}
+
+    inline
+    bool allElements(bool val)
+    {
+        return std::all_of(this->begin(), this->end(), [val](bool v) { return v==val;} );
+    }
+
+    inline
+    bool anyElement(bool val)
+    {
+        return std::any_of(this->begin(), this->end(), [val](bool v) { return v==val;} );
+    }
+    
+    inline
+    bool noElement(bool val)
+    {
+        return std::none_of(this->begin(), this->end(), [val](bool v) { return v==val;} );
+    }
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif //__boundariesMask_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryBase/boundaryBase.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryBase/boundaryBase.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d375635b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryBase/boundaryBase.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "boundaryBase.hpp"
+#include "boundaryList.hpp"
+#include "dictionary.hpp"
+#include "internalPoints.hpp"
+#include "anyList.hpp"
+#include "Time.hpp"
+#include "pointStructure.hpp"
+#include "boundaryBaseKernels.hpp"
+
+void pFlow::boundaryBase::setSize(uint32 newSize)
+{
+	indexList_.resize(newSize);
+	unSyncLists();
+}
+
+void pFlow::boundaryBase::setNewIndices
+(
+	const uint32Vector_D& newIndices
+)
+{
+	indexList_.assign(newIndices, false);
+	unSyncLists();
+}
+
+
+bool pFlow::boundaryBase::appendNewIndices
+(
+	const uint32Vector_D& newIndices
+)
+{
+	
+	indexList_.append(newIndices);
+	unSyncLists();
+
+	message msg;
+
+	msg.add(message::BNDR_APPEND);
+	anyList varList;
+	varList.emplaceBack( 
+		message::eventName(message::BNDR_APPEND),
+		newIndices);
+
+	if(!notify(
+		internal_.time().currentIter(),
+		internal_.time().currentTime(),
+		internal_.time().dt(),
+		msg,
+		varList))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+	
+}
+
+bool pFlow::boundaryBase::removeIndices
+(
+	uint32 numRemove,
+	const uint32Vector_D& removeMask
+)
+{
+    if(removeMask.size() != size()+1 )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<"size mismatch"<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	uint32Vector_D removeIndices("removeIndices");
+	uint32Vector_D keepIndices("keepIndices");
+
+	pFlow::boundaryBaseKernels::createRemoveKeepIndices
+	(
+		indexList_,
+		numRemove,
+		removeMask,
+		removeIndices,
+		keepIndices
+	);
+	
+	if(!setRemoveKeepIndices(removeIndices, keepIndices))
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	anyList aList;
+	
+	aList.emplaceBack(
+		message::eventName(message::BNDR_RESET), 
+		std::move(keepIndices));
+	
+	message msgBndry 	= message::BNDR_RESET;
+
+	uint32 iter = time().currentIter();
+	real t = time().currentTime();
+	real dt = time().dt();
+
+	if( !this->notify(iter, t, dt, msgBndry, aList) )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<"Error in notify operation in boundary "<< 
+		name_ <<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+	
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::boundaryBase::setRemoveKeepIndices
+(
+	const uint32Vector_D &removeIndices, 
+	const uint32Vector_D &keepIndices
+)
+{
+
+	if(!internal_.deletePoints(removeIndices))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"error in deleting points from boundary "<< name()<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	setNewIndices(keepIndices);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::boundaryBase::transferPointsToMirror
+(
+	uint32 numTransfer, 
+	const uint32Vector_D& transferMask, 
+	uint32 transferBoundaryIndex, 
+	realx3 transferVector
+)
+{
+	if(transferMask.size() != size()+1 )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<"size mismatch"<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	uint32Vector_D transferIndices("transferIndices");
+	uint32Vector_D keepIndices("keepIndices");
+
+	pFlow::boundaryBaseKernels::createRemoveKeepIndices
+	(
+		indexList_,
+		numTransfer,
+		transferMask,
+		transferIndices,
+		keepIndices
+	);
+
+	// first, change the flags in the internalPoints
+	if( !internal_.changePointsFlagPosition(
+		transferIndices,
+		transferVector, 
+		thisBoundaryIndex(),
+		transferBoundaryIndex) ) 
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// second, remove the indices from this list 
+	setNewIndices(keepIndices);
+
+	// third, add the indices to the mirror boundary 
+	return mirrorBoundary().appendNewIndices(transferIndices);
+	
+}
+
+pFlow::uint32 pFlow::boundaryBase::markInNegativeSide(const word &name, uint32Vector_D &markedIndices) const
+{
+
+	uint32 s = size();
+
+	markedIndices.reallocate(s+1, s+1);
+	markedIndices.fill(0u);
+
+	const auto& markedIndicesD = markedIndices.deviceViewAll();
+	pointFieldAccessType points = thisPoints();
+	infinitePlane p = boundaryPlane().infPlane();
+
+	uint32 numMark = 0;	
+
+	Kokkos::parallel_reduce
+	(
+		"boundaryProcessor::afterIteration",
+		deviceRPolicyStatic(0,s),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i, uint32& markToUpdate)
+		{
+			if(p.pointInNegativeSide(points(i)))
+			{
+				markedIndicesD(i)=1;
+				markToUpdate++;
+			}
+		}, 
+		numMark
+	);
+
+    return numMark;
+}
+
+pFlow::boundaryBase::boundaryBase(
+    const dictionary &dict,
+    const plane &bplane,
+    internalPoints &internal,
+    boundaryList &bndrs,
+    uint32 thisIndex)
+    : subscriber(dict.name()),
+      boundaryPlane_(bplane),
+      indexList_(groupNames("indexList", dict.name())),
+      indexListHost_(groupNames("hostIndexList", dict.name())),
+      neighborLength_(dict.getVal<real>("neighborLength")),
+      // updateInetrval_(dict.getVal<uint32>("updateInterval")),
+      boundaryExtntionLengthRatio_(dict.getVal<real>("boundaryExtntionLengthRatio")),
+      internal_(internal),
+      boundaries_(bndrs),
+      thisBoundaryIndex_(thisIndex),
+      neighborProcessorNo_(dict.getVal<int32>("neighborProcessorNo")),
+      isBoundaryMaster_(thisProcessorNo() >= neighborProcessorNo()),
+      name_(dict.name()),
+      type_(dict.getVal<word>("type"))
+{
+	unSyncLists();
+}
+
+const pFlow::pointStructure &pFlow::boundaryBase::pStruct() const
+{
+    return boundaries_.pStruct();
+}
+
+const pFlow::Time &pFlow::boundaryBase::time() const
+{
+    return boundaries_.pStruct().time();
+}
+
+pFlow::boundaryBase &pFlow::boundaryBase::mirrorBoundary()
+{
+    return boundaries_[mirrorBoundaryIndex()];
+}
+
+const pFlow::boundaryBase &pFlow::boundaryBase::mirrorBoundary() const
+{
+    return boundaries_[mirrorBoundaryIndex()];
+}
+
+typename pFlow::boundaryBase::pointFieldAccessType
+pFlow::boundaryBase::thisPoints()const
+{
+    
+    return pointFieldAccessType
+    (
+        indexList_.size(),
+        indexList_.deviceViewAll(),
+        internal_.pointPosition().deviceViewAll()
+    );
+   
+}
+
+pFlow::realx3Vector_D& pFlow::boundaryBase::neighborProcPoints()
+{
+	static realx3Vector_D dummyVector{"dummyVector"};
+	notImplementedFunction;
+	fatalExit;
+	return dummyVector;
+}
+
+const pFlow::realx3Vector_D& 
+pFlow::boundaryBase::neighborProcPoints()const
+{
+	static realx3Vector_D dummyVector{"dummyVector"};
+	notImplementedFunction;
+	fatalExit;
+	return dummyVector;
+}
+
+pFlow::realx3 pFlow::boundaryBase::displacementVectroToMirror() const
+{
+	const plane& thisP = boundaryPlane();
+	const plane& mirrorP = mirrorBoundary().boundaryPlane();
+	return thisP.normal()*(thisP.d() + mirrorP.d());
+}
+
+
+pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::boundaryBase> pFlow::boundaryBase::create
+(
+    const dictionary &dict,
+    const plane 	&bplane,
+    internalPoints 	&internal,
+	boundaryList	&bndrs,
+	uint32 			thisIndex
+)
+{
+	word type = dict.getVal<word>("type");
+	word bType = angleBracketsNames("boundary", type);
+
+	if( dictionaryvCtorSelector_.search(bType) )
+	{
+		return dictionaryvCtorSelector_[bType] (dict, bplane, internal, bndrs, thisIndex);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		printKeys
+		( 
+			fatalError << "Ctor Selector "<< bType << " does not exist. \n"
+			<<"Avaiable ones are: \n\n"
+			,
+			dictionaryvCtorSelector_
+		);
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+	return nullptr;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryBase/boundaryBase.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryBase/boundaryBase.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..86e71b89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryBase/boundaryBase.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __boundaryBase_hpp__
+#define __boundaryBase_hpp__
+
+#include "virtualConstructor.hpp"
+#include "subscriber.hpp"
+#include "VectorSingles.hpp"
+#include "plane.hpp"
+#include "scatteredFieldAccess.hpp"
+#include "timeInfo.hpp"
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+// forward 
+
+class internalPoints;
+class dictionary;
+class boundaryList;
+class pointStructure;
+class Time;
+
+class boundaryBase
+:
+	public subscriber
+{
+public:
+
+    using pointFieldAccessType = 
+        deviceScatteredFieldAccess<realx3>;
+
+private:
+
+	// friend et al.
+	friend boundaryList;
+
+	const plane&           boundaryPlane_;
+
+	/// list of particles indices on device
+	uint32Vector_D         indexList_;
+
+	/// list of particles indieces on host
+	mutable uint32Vector_H indexListHost_;
+
+	/// device and host list are sync
+	mutable bool           listsSync_ = false;
+
+	/// The length defined for creating neighbor list
+	real                   neighborLength_;
+
+	bool 				   updateTime_ = false;
+
+	bool 				   iterBeforeUpdate_ = false;
+
+	/// the extra boundary extension beyound actual limits of boundary 
+	real 				   boundaryExtntionLengthRatio_;
+
+	/// a reference to internal points
+	internalPoints&        internal_;
+
+	/// a reference to the list of boundaries
+	/// (never use this in the constructor).
+	boundaryList&          boundaries_;
+
+	uint32                 thisBoundaryIndex_;
+
+	int                    neighborProcessorNo_;
+
+	bool                   isBoundaryMaster_;
+
+	word                   name_;
+
+	word                   type_;
+
+protected:
+	
+	/// @brief Set the size of indexList. 
+	/// It is virtual to let derived classed to be aware of 
+	/// the fact that the size of boundary points has been changed.
+	/// So, any drived class that override this method should call 
+	/// boundaryBase::setSize(newSize) too. 
+	virtual void setSize(uint32 newSize);
+
+
+	void setUpdateTime(bool val)
+	{
+		updateTime_ = val;
+	}
+
+	void setNewIndices(const uint32Vector_D& newIndices);
+
+	bool appendNewIndices(const uint32Vector_D& newIndices);
+	
+	bool removeIndices(
+		uint32 numRemove, 
+		const uint32Vector_D& removeMask);
+	
+	bool setRemoveKeepIndices(
+		const uint32Vector_D& removeIndices,
+		const uint32Vector_D& keepIndices);
+	
+	bool transferPointsToMirror(
+		uint32 numTransfer, 
+		const uint32Vector_D& transferMask,
+		uint32 transferBoundaryIndex,
+		realx3 transferVector);
+	
+	void unSyncLists()
+	{
+		listsSync_ = false;
+	}
+
+	void syncLists()const
+	{
+		if(!listsSync_)
+		{
+			indexListHost_.assignFromDevice(indexList_, true);
+			listsSync_ = true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/// Update this boundary data in two steps (1 and 2).
+	/// This is called after calling beforeIteration for 
+	/// all boundaries, so any particle addition, deletion,
+	/// and transfer has been finished up to this point.
+	/// This two-step update help to have a flexible mechanism
+	/// for data transfer, mostly for MPI related jobs. 
+	virtual 
+	bool updataBoundaryData(int step)
+	{
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/// @brief This method is called when a transfer of data 
+	/// is to be performed between processors (in afterIteration).
+	/// @param step is the step in the transfer of data.
+	/// @param callAgain if operation requires at least one additional step 
+	/// to complete it should be set to true and if the operation is complete and no need for
+	/// additional step, it should be set to false;  
+	/// @return true: succesful, false: fail
+	virtual 
+	bool transferData(uint32 iter, int step, bool& callAgain)
+	{
+		callAgain = false;
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+
+public:
+
+	uint32 markInNegativeSide(const word& name, uint32Vector_D& markedIndices )const;
+
+
+	TypeInfo("boundaryBase");
+	
+	boundaryBase(
+		const dictionary &dict,
+		const plane 	&bplane,
+		internalPoints 	&internal,
+		boundaryList	&bndrs,
+		uint32 			thisIndex);
+
+	boundaryBase(const boundaryBase&) = delete;
+
+	boundaryBase& operator=(const boundaryBase&) = delete;
+
+	boundaryBase(boundaryBase&&) = default;
+
+	boundaryBase& operator=(boundaryBase&&) = default;
+
+	~boundaryBase() override = default;
+	
+
+	create_vCtor
+	(
+		boundaryBase,
+		dictionary,
+		(
+			const dictionary &dict,
+    		const plane 	&bplane,
+    		internalPoints 	&internal,
+			boundaryList	&bndrs,
+			uint32 			thisIndex
+		),
+		(dict, bplane, internal, bndrs, thisIndex)
+	);
+
+	/// The length from boundary plane into the domain 
+	/// where beyond that distance internal points exist.
+	/// By conventions is it always equal to neighborLength_  
+	inline
+	real neighborLengthIntoInternal()const
+	{
+		return neighborLength_;
+	}
+
+	/// The distance length from boundary plane 
+	/// where neighbor particles still exist in that distance. 
+	/// This length may be modified in each boundary type 
+	/// as required. In this case the boundaryExtensionLength
+	/// method should also be modified accordingly. 
+	virtual 
+	real neighborLength()const
+	{
+		return (1+boundaryExtntionLengthRatio_)*neighborLength_;
+	}
+
+	/// The extention length (in vector form) for the boundary
+	/// as required by  each boundary type. It is allowed for 
+	/// each boundary type to be extended outward to allow 
+	/// particles to stay more in its list before being removed 
+	/// from its list. 
+	virtual 
+	realx3 boundaryExtensionLength()const
+	{
+		return -boundaryExtntionLengthRatio_*neighborLength_ * boundaryPlane_.normal();
+	}
+
+	/// Is this iter the right time for updating bounday list
+	inline
+	bool performBoundarytUpdate()const
+	{
+		return updateTime_;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	bool iterBeforeBoundaryUpdate()const
+	{
+		return iterBeforeUpdate_;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	const word& type()const
+	{
+		return type_;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	const word& name()const
+	{
+		return name_;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	bool empty()const
+	{
+		return indexList_.size()==0;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	auto size()const
+	{
+		return indexList_.size();
+	}
+
+	inline
+	auto capacity()const
+	{
+		return indexList_.capacity();
+	}
+
+	inline 
+	int neighborProcessorNo()const
+	{
+		return neighborProcessorNo_;
+	}
+
+	inline 
+	int thisProcessorNo()const
+	{
+		return pFlowProcessors().localRank();
+	}
+
+	inline
+    bool isBoundaryMaster()const
+    {
+        return isBoundaryMaster_;
+    }
+
+	inline
+	uint32 thisBoundaryIndex()const
+	{
+		return thisBoundaryIndex_;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	uint32 mirrorBoundaryIndex()const
+	{
+		return thisBoundaryIndex_%2==0? thisBoundaryIndex_+1:thisBoundaryIndex_-1;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	const internalPoints& internal()const
+	{
+		return internal_;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	internalPoints& internal()
+	{
+		return internal_;
+	}
+
+	const pointStructure& pStruct()const;
+
+	const Time& time()const;
+
+	inline
+	const auto& indexList()const
+	{
+		return indexList_;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	const auto& indexListHost()const
+	{
+		syncLists();
+		return indexListHost_;
+	}
+
+	boundaryBase& mirrorBoundary();
+
+	const boundaryBase& mirrorBoundary()const;
+	
+	/// the actual boundary plane of this boundary 
+	const plane& boundaryPlane()const
+	{
+		return boundaryPlane_;
+	}
+
+	/// @brief displacement vector that transfers points  
+	/// to a distance that is equal to the distance between 
+	/// this plane and the mirror plane, the vector points from 
+	/// this plane to mirror plane 
+	virtual
+	realx3 displacementVectroToMirror()const;
+	
+
+	virtual 
+	bool beforeIteration(
+		uint32 step, 
+		const timeInfo& ti, 
+		bool updateIter, 
+		bool iterBeforeUpdate , 
+		bool& callAgain
+	)
+	{
+		updateTime_ = updateIter;
+		iterBeforeUpdate_ = iterBeforeUpdate;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	virtual 
+	bool iterate(const timeInfo& ti) = 0;
+
+	virtual 
+	bool afterIteration(const timeInfo& ti) = 0;
+	
+    pointFieldAccessType thisPoints()const;
+
+	/// @brief Return number of points in the neighbor processor boundary
+	virtual 
+	uint32 neighborProcSize()const
+	{
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/// @brief Return a reference to point positions in the neighbor
+	/// processor boundary.
+    virtual
+    realx3Vector_D& neighborProcPoints();
+
+	/// @brief Return a const reference to point positions in the 
+	/// neighbor processor boundary.
+	virtual
+	const realx3Vector_D& neighborProcPoints()const;
+    
+	virtual 
+	uint32 numToTransfer()const
+	{
+		return 0u;
+	}
+
+	virtual 
+	uint32 numToRecieve()const
+	{
+		return 0u;
+	}
+
+	/// - static create 
+	static
+	uniquePtr<boundaryBase> create
+	(
+		const dictionary &dict,
+		const plane 	&bplane,
+		internalPoints 	&internal,
+		boundaryList	&bndrs,
+		uint32 			thisIndex
+	);
+
+	
+};
+
+}
+
+
+#endif //__boundaryBase_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryBase/boundaryBaseKernels.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryBase/boundaryBaseKernels.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..df8cdfa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryBase/boundaryBaseKernels.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "boundaryBaseKernels.hpp"
+
+void pFlow::boundaryBaseKernels::createRemoveKeepLists
+(
+    uint32 numTotal, 
+    uint32 numRemove, 
+    const uint32Vector_D& removeMask, 
+    uint32Vector_D& removeList, 
+    uint32Vector_D& keepList
+)
+{
+    uint32 numKeep = numTotal - numRemove;
+    removeList.reallocate(numRemove,numRemove);
+    keepList.reallocate(numKeep,numKeep);
+    
+    auto maskD = removeMask.deviceViewAll();
+    const auto& removeD = removeList.deviceViewAll();
+    const auto& keepD = keepList.deviceViewAll();
+    
+    exclusiveScan(
+        maskD, 
+        0u, 
+        numTotal+1, 
+        maskD, 
+        0u);
+
+    Kokkos::parallel_for
+    (
+        "pFlow::boundaryBaseKernels::createRemoveKeepLists",
+        deviceRPolicyStatic(0, numTotal),
+        LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i)
+		{
+			if(maskD(i)!= maskD(i+1))
+				removeD(maskD(i)) = i;
+            else
+                keepD(i-maskD(i)) = i;
+		}
+    );
+    Kokkos::fence();
+
+}
+
+
+void pFlow::boundaryBaseKernels::createRemoveKeepIndices
+(
+    const uint32Vector_D& indices,
+    uint32 numRemove,
+    const uint32Vector_D& removeMask, 
+    uint32Vector_D& removeIndices, 
+    uint32Vector_D& keepIndices,
+    bool exactCap
+)
+{
+    uint32 numTotal = indices.size();
+    uint32 numKeep = numTotal - numRemove;
+    if(exactCap)
+    {
+        removeIndices.reallocate(numRemove, numRemove);
+        keepIndices.reallocate(numKeep, numKeep);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        removeIndices.clear();
+        removeIndices.resize(numRemove);
+        
+        keepIndices.clear();
+        keepIndices.resize(numKeep);
+    }
+    
+
+    auto maskD = removeMask.deviceViewAll();
+    const auto& removeD = removeIndices.deviceViewAll();
+    const auto& keepD = keepIndices.deviceViewAll();
+    const auto& indicesD = indices.deviceViewAll();
+
+    exclusiveScan(maskD, 0u, numTotal+1, maskD, 0u);
+
+    Kokkos::parallel_for
+    (
+        "pFlow::boundaryBaseKernels::createRemoveKeepLists",
+        deviceRPolicyStatic(0, numTotal),
+        LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i)
+		{
+			if(maskD(i)!= maskD(i+1))
+				removeD(maskD(i)) = indicesD(i);
+            else
+                keepD(i-maskD(i)) = indicesD(i);
+		}
+    );
+    Kokkos::fence();   
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryBase/boundaryBaseKernels.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryBase/boundaryBaseKernels.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..60f08c83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryBase/boundaryBaseKernels.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __boundaryBaseKernels_hpp__
+#define __boundaryBaseKernels_hpp__
+
+#include "VectorSingles.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow::boundaryBaseKernels
+{
+
+void createRemoveKeepLists(
+    uint32 numTotal, 
+    uint32 numRemove, 
+    const uint32Vector_D& removeMask, 
+    uint32Vector_D& removeList, 
+    uint32Vector_D& keepList);
+
+void createRemoveKeepIndices(
+    const uint32Vector_D& indices,
+    uint32 numRemove,
+    const uint32Vector_D& removeMask, 
+    uint32Vector_D& removeIndices, 
+    uint32Vector_D& keepIndices,
+    bool exactCap = true);
+
+
+}
+
+#endif //__boundaryBaseKernels_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryBase/scatteredFieldAccess.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryBase/scatteredFieldAccess.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c1967bc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryBase/scatteredFieldAccess.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __scatteredFieldAccess_hpp__
+#define __scatteredFieldAccess_hpp__
+
+
+#include "phasicFlowKokkos.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace=void>
+class scatteredFieldAccess
+{
+public:
+	
+	using viewType 			= ViewType1D<T, MemorySpace>;
+
+    using device_type 		= typename viewType::device_type;
+
+    using memory_space 		= typename viewType::memory_space;
+
+    using execution_space 	= typename viewType::execution_space;
+
+private:
+
+	uint32 								size_ = 0;
+
+	ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> 	indices_;
+
+	viewType 		fieldVals_;
+
+public:
+
+    scatteredFieldAccess():
+        indices_(),
+        fieldVals_()    
+    {}
+
+	scatteredFieldAccess(
+		uint32 	sz,
+		const ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space>& ind,
+		const ViewType1D<T, memory_space>& fVals)
+	:
+		size_(sz),
+		indices_(ind),
+		fieldVals_(fVals)
+	{}
+
+	scatteredFieldAccess(const scatteredFieldAccess&) = default;
+
+	scatteredFieldAccess(scatteredFieldAccess&&) = default;
+
+	scatteredFieldAccess& operator=(const scatteredFieldAccess&) = default;
+
+	scatteredFieldAccess& operator=(scatteredFieldAccess&&) = default;
+
+	~scatteredFieldAccess() = default;
+
+	// - Methods
+
+    INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	T& operator()(uint32 i)
+	{
+		return fieldVals_(indices_(i));
+	}
+
+    INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	const T& operator()(uint32 i)const
+	{
+		return fieldVals_(indices_(i));
+	}
+
+    INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	T& operator[](uint32 i)
+	{
+		return fieldVals_[indices_[i]];
+	}
+
+    INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	const T& operator[](uint32 i)const
+	{
+		return fieldVals_[indices_[i]];
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	const viewType& field()const
+	{
+		return fieldVals_;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	viewType& field()
+	{
+		return fieldVals_;
+	}
+
+	auto& indices()
+	{
+		return indices_;
+	}
+
+	const auto& indices()const
+	{
+		return indices_;
+	}
+
+    INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	uint32 index(uint32 i)const
+	{
+		return indices_[i];
+	}
+
+    INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	uint32 	size()const
+	{
+		return size_;
+	}
+
+    INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	bool empty()const
+	{
+		return size_ == 0;
+	}
+
+	T getFirstCopy()const
+	{
+		T val;
+		uint32 n = indices_(0);
+		getNth(val, fieldVals_, n);
+		return val;
+	}
+
+	T getLastCopy()const 
+	{
+		T val;
+		if(empty())return val;
+		uint32 n = indices_(size()-1);
+		getNth(val, fieldVals_, n);
+		return val;
+	}
+
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+	using deviceScatteredFieldAccess = 
+		scatteredFieldAccess<T, typename DefaultExecutionSpace::memory_space>;
+
+template<typename T>
+	using hostScatteredFieldAccess = 
+		scatteredFieldAccess<T,HostSpace>;
+
+} // pFlow
+
+
+#endif //__scatteredFieldAccess_hpp__
+
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryExit/boundaryExit.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryExit/boundaryExit.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..acf8fd9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryExit/boundaryExit.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "boundaryExit.hpp"
+#include "internalPoints.hpp"
+#include "dictionary.hpp"
+
+
+pFlow::boundaryExit::boundaryExit
+(
+	const dictionary &dict,
+    const plane 	&bplane,
+    internalPoints 	&internal,
+	boundaryList	&bndrs,
+	uint32 			thisIndex
+)
+:
+	boundaryBase(dict, bplane, internal, bndrs, thisIndex)
+{
+	exitMarginLength_ = max( 
+		dict.getValOrSet("exitMarginLength",(real)0.0), (real)0.0);
+	checkForExitInterval_ = max(
+		dict.getValOrSet("checkForExitInterval", 1), 1);
+}
+
+bool pFlow::boundaryExit::beforeIteration
+(
+	uint32 step, 
+	const timeInfo& ti, 
+	bool updateIter, 
+	bool iterBeforeUpdate , 
+	bool& callAgain
+)
+{
+	
+	if(step == 1)
+	{
+		boundaryBase::beforeIteration(step, ti, updateIter, iterBeforeUpdate, callAgain);
+		callAgain = true;
+		return true;
+	} 
+	else if(step == 2 )
+	{
+		callAgain = false;
+
+		if( !performBoundarytUpdate())
+		{
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		// nothing have to be done
+		if(empty())
+		{
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		uint32 s = size();
+		uint32Vector_D deleteFlags("deleteFlags",s+1, s+1, RESERVE());
+		deleteFlags.fill(0u);
+
+		const auto& deleteD = deleteFlags.deviceViewAll();
+		auto points = thisPoints();
+		auto p = boundaryPlane().infPlane();
+
+		uint32 numDeleted = 0;	
+
+		Kokkos::parallel_reduce
+		(
+			"boundaryExit::beforeIteration",
+			deviceRPolicyStatic(0,s),
+			LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i, uint32& delToUpdate)
+			{
+				if(p.pointInNegativeSide(points(i)))
+				{
+					deleteD(i)=1;
+					delToUpdate++;
+				}
+			}, 
+			numDeleted
+		);
+			
+		// no point is deleted
+		if(numDeleted == 0 )
+		{
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		return this->removeIndices(numDeleted, deleteFlags);
+
+	}
+		
+	return true;
+	
+}
+
+bool pFlow::boundaryExit::iterate(const timeInfo& ti)
+{
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::boundaryExit::afterIteration(const timeInfo& ti)
+{
+	return true;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryExit/boundaryExit.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryExit/boundaryExit.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a3b73cd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryExit/boundaryExit.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __boundaryExit_hpp__
+#define __boundaryExit_hpp__
+
+
+#include "boundaryBase.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class boundaryExit
+:
+ 	public boundaryBase
+{
+protected:
+
+	/// @brief Length of margin in the negative side of 
+	/// boundary to still allow points stay in the 
+	/// simulation. 
+	real 	exitMarginLength_ = 0;
+
+	/// @brief between successive check for particle exit
+	/// (iteration-based).
+	uint32 	checkForExitInterval_ = 1;
+
+public:
+
+	TypeInfo("boundary<exit>");
+
+	boundaryExit(
+		const dictionary &dict,
+		const plane 	&bplane,
+		internalPoints 	&internal,
+		boundaryList	&bndrs,
+		uint32 			thisIndex);
+
+	virtual 
+	~boundaryExit() = default;
+	
+	add_vCtor
+	(
+		boundaryBase,
+		boundaryExit,
+		dictionary
+	);
+
+	bool beforeIteration(
+		uint32 step, 
+		const timeInfo& ti, 
+		bool updateIter, 
+		bool iterBeforeUpdate , 
+		bool& callAgain
+	) final;
+
+	bool iterate(const timeInfo& ti) final;
+	 
+	bool afterIteration(const timeInfo& ti)final;
+
+
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryList.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryList.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..444119e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryList.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "boundaryList.hpp"
+#include "pointStructure.hpp"
+
+void
+pFlow::boundaryList::setExtendedDomain()
+{
+	if (!listSet_)
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction
+		  << "boundary list is not set yet and you used the objects." << endl;
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+	realx3 lowerExt = boundary(0).boundaryExtensionLength() +
+	                  boundary(2).boundaryExtensionLength() +
+	                  boundary(4).boundaryExtensionLength();
+
+	realx3 upperExt = boundary(1).boundaryExtensionLength() +
+	                  boundary(3).boundaryExtensionLength() +
+	                  boundary(5).boundaryExtensionLength();
+
+	extendedDomain_ = pStruct_.simDomain().extendThisDomain(lowerExt, upperExt);
+}
+
+bool
+pFlow::boundaryList::resetLists()
+{
+	clear();
+	listSet_ = false;
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool
+pFlow::boundaryList::updateNeighborLists()
+{
+	if (!listSet_)
+	{
+		createBoundaries();
+	}
+
+	std::array<real, 6> dist;
+	dist[0] = boundary(0).neighborLength();
+	dist[1] = boundary(1).neighborLength();
+	dist[2] = boundary(2).neighborLength();
+	dist[3] = boundary(3).neighborLength();
+	dist[4] = boundary(4).neighborLength();
+	dist[5] = boundary(5).neighborLength();
+
+	pStruct_.updateFlag(extendedDomain_, dist);
+
+	const auto& maskD = pStruct_.activePointsMaskDevice();
+	boundary(0).setSize(maskD.leftSize());
+	boundary(1).setSize(maskD.rightSize());
+	boundary(2).setSize(maskD.bottomSize());
+	boundary(3).setSize(maskD.topSize());
+	boundary(4).setSize(maskD.rearSize());
+	boundary(5).setSize(maskD.frontSize());
+
+	pStruct_.fillNeighborsLists(
+	  boundary(0).indexList().deviceViewAll(),
+	  boundary(1).indexList().deviceViewAll(),
+	  boundary(2).indexList().deviceViewAll(),
+	  boundary(3).indexList().deviceViewAll(),
+	  boundary(4).indexList().deviceViewAll(),
+	  boundary(5).indexList().deviceViewAll()
+	);
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+pFlow::boundaryList::boundaryList(pointStructure& pStruct)
+  : ListPtr<boundaryBase>(pStruct.simDomain().sizeOfBoundaries()),
+    pStruct_(pStruct)
+{
+	const dictionary& dict= pStruct_.simDomain().thisBoundariesDict();
+
+	neighborListUpdateInterval_ = dict.getValMax(
+			"neighborListUpdateInterval",
+			1u
+		);
+
+	updateInterval_ = dict.getVal<uint32>("updateInterval");
+}
+
+bool
+pFlow::boundaryList::updateNeighborLists(uint32 iter, bool force)
+{
+	neighborListUpdate_ = false;
+	boundaryUpdate_ = false;
+	iterBeforeBoundaryUpdate_ = false;
+
+	if(iter%neighborListUpdateInterval_==0u || iter == 0u || force)
+	{
+		if(updateNeighborLists())
+		{
+			neighborListUpdate_ = true;
+			lastNeighborUpdated_ = iter;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<"error in updating neighbor lists of boundaries"<<endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+		
+	}
+
+	if( iter%updateInterval_ == 0u || iter == 0u || force )
+	{
+		boundaryUpdate_ = true; 
+	}
+
+	if((iter+1)%updateInterval_ == 0u)
+	{
+		iterBeforeBoundaryUpdate_ = true;
+	}
+	
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool
+pFlow::boundaryList::createBoundaries()
+{
+	if (listSet_)
+		return true;
+
+	for (auto i = 0; i < pStruct_.simDomain().sizeOfBoundaries(); i++)
+	{
+		this->set(
+		  i,
+		  boundaryBase::create(
+		    pStruct_.simDomain().boundaryDict(i),
+		    pStruct_.simDomain().boundaryPlane(i),
+		    pStruct_,
+		    *this,
+		    i
+		  )
+		);
+	}
+	listSet_ = true;
+	setExtendedDomain();
+	return true;
+}
+
+pFlow::box
+pFlow::boundaryList::internalDomainBox() const
+{
+	const auto&  thisBox = pStruct_.thisDomain().domainBox();
+
+	const realx3 lowerPointDisplacement = {
+		boundary(0).neighborLengthIntoInternal(),
+		boundary(2).neighborLengthIntoInternal(),
+		boundary(4).neighborLengthIntoInternal()
+	};
+
+	const realx3 upperPointDisplacement = {
+		boundary(1).neighborLengthIntoInternal(),
+		boundary(3).neighborLengthIntoInternal(),
+		boundary(5).neighborLengthIntoInternal()
+	};
+
+	return { thisBox.minPoint() + lowerPointDisplacement,
+		     thisBox.maxPoint() - upperPointDisplacement };
+}
+
+bool
+pFlow::boundaryList::beforeIteration(const timeInfo& ti, bool force)
+{
+	// it is time to update lists
+	if(!updateNeighborLists(ti.iter() , force) )
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	auto callAgain = boundariesMask<6>(true);
+
+	uint32 step = 1;
+
+	while(callAgain.anyElement(true) && step <= 10u)
+	{
+		for(size_t i=0; i<6ul; i++)
+		{
+
+			if(callAgain[i])
+			{
+				if(! boundary(i).beforeIteration(
+					step, 
+					ti,
+					boundaryUpdate_,
+					iterBeforeBoundaryUpdate_,
+					callAgain[i]))
+				{
+					fatalErrorInFunction<<"error in performing beforeIteration for boundary"<<
+					boundary(i).name()<<" at step "<< step<<endl;
+					return false;
+				}
+			}			
+		}
+
+		step++;
+	}
+	
+
+	for (auto bdry : *this)
+	{
+		bdry->updataBoundaryData(1);
+	}
+
+	for (auto bdry : *this)
+	{
+		bdry->updataBoundaryData(2);
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool
+pFlow::boundaryList::iterate(const timeInfo& ti, bool force)
+{
+	for (auto& bdry : *this)
+	{
+		if (!bdry->iterate(ti))
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction << "Error in iterate in boundary "
+			                     << bdry->name() << endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool
+pFlow::boundaryList::afterIteration(const timeInfo& ti, bool force)
+{
+	
+	auto callAgain = boundariesMask<6>(true);
+
+	int step = 1;
+	while(callAgain.anyElement(true)&& step <=10)
+	{
+		for(size_t i=0; i<6; i++)
+		{
+			if(callAgain[i])
+			{
+				if( !boundary(i).transferData(ti.iter(), step, callAgain[i]))
+				{
+					fatalErrorInFunction<<"Error in transfering data for boundary "<<
+					boundary(i).name()<<endl;
+					return false;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		step++;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryList.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryList.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ddcb708c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryList.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __boundaryList_hpp__
+#define __boundaryList_hpp__
+
+#include "domain.hpp"
+#include "boundaryBase.hpp"
+#include "ListPtr.hpp"
+#include "timeInfo.hpp"
+#include "boundariesMask.hpp"
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class pointStructure;
+
+class boundaryList
+:
+    public ListPtr<boundaryBase>
+{
+private:
+
+	//// - data members
+	pointStructure& pStruct_;
+
+	uint32 			neighborListUpdateInterval_;
+
+	uint32 			updateInterval_;
+
+	uint32 			lastNeighborUpdated_ = 0;
+
+	bool 			neighborListUpdate_;
+
+	bool 			boundaryUpdate_;
+
+	bool 			iterBeforeBoundaryUpdate_;
+
+	domain 			extendedDomain_;
+
+	box				internalDomainBox_;
+
+	bool			listSet_ = false;
+
+	void setExtendedDomain();
+
+	bool resetLists();
+
+	/// @brief update neighbor list of boundaries regardless
+	/// of the time intervals
+	bool updateNeighborLists();
+
+public:
+	
+	/// type info
+	TypeInfo("boundaryList");
+	
+
+	//// - Constructors
+	explicit boundaryList(pointStructure& pStruct);
+
+
+  	virtual ~boundaryList() = default;
+
+	/// @brief update neighbor list of boundaries based on 
+	/// the time intervals
+	bool updateNeighborLists(uint32 iter, bool force = false);
+
+	bool createBoundaries();
+
+	inline
+	const pointStructure& pStruct()const
+	{
+		return pStruct_;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	auto& boundary(size_t i)
+	{
+		return ListPtr<boundaryBase>::operator[](i);
+	}
+
+	inline
+	const auto& boundary(size_t i)const
+	{
+		return ListPtr<boundaryBase>::operator[](i);
+	}
+
+	inline 
+	bool boundariesUpdated()const 
+	{
+		return boundaryUpdate_;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	const auto& extendedDomain()const
+	{
+		return extendedDomain_;
+	}
+
+	inline
+	const auto& extendedDomainBox()const
+	{
+		return extendedDomain_.domainBox();
+	}
+
+	box internalDomainBox()const;
+	
+	bool beforeIteration(const timeInfo& tf, bool force = false);
+
+	bool iterate(const timeInfo& tf, bool force = false);
+
+	bool afterIteration(const timeInfo& tf, bool force = false);
+	
+};
+
+} // pFlow
+
+
+
+
+#endif //__boundaryList_hpp__
+
+
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/eventSubscriber/eventObserver.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryNone/boundaryNone.cpp
similarity index 61%
rename from src/phasicFlow/eventSubscriber/eventObserver.cpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryNone/boundaryNone.cpp
index 0010aefc..91502ced 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/eventSubscriber/eventObserver.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryNone/boundaryNone.cpp
@@ -18,39 +18,38 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-#include "eventObserver.hpp"
-#include "eventSubscriber.hpp" 
+#include "boundaryNone.hpp"
 
-pFlow::eventObserver::eventObserver():
-	subscriber_(nullptr),
-	subscribed_(false)
-{}
-
-pFlow::eventObserver::eventObserver
+pFlow::boundaryNone::boundaryNone
 (
-	const eventSubscriber& subscriber,
-	bool subscribe
+	const dictionary &dict,
+    const plane 	&bplane,
+    internalPoints 	&internal,
+	boundaryList	&bndrs,
+	uint32 			thisIndex
 )
 :
-	subscriber_(&subscriber),
-	subscribed_(false)
+	boundaryBase(dict, bplane, internal, bndrs, thisIndex)
+{}
+
+bool pFlow::boundaryNone::beforeIteration(
+	uint32 step, 
+	const timeInfo &ti, 
+	bool updateIter, 
+	bool iterBeforeUpdate, 
+	bool &callAgain)
 {
-	if(subscribe && subscriber_)
-	{
-		subscribed_ = subscriber_->subscribe(this);
-	}
+	boundaryBase::beforeIteration(step, ti, updateIter, iterBeforeUpdate, callAgain);
+	callAgain = false;
+  return true;
 }
 
-pFlow::eventObserver::~eventObserver()
+bool pFlow::boundaryNone::iterate(const timeInfo &ti)
 {
-	if(subscribed_ && subscriber_)
-		subscriber_->unsubscribe(this);
+	return true;
 }
 
-bool pFlow::eventObserver::subscribe(const eventSubscriber& subscriber)
+bool pFlow::boundaryNone::afterIteration(const timeInfo& ti)
 {
-	subscriber_ = &subscriber;
-	subscribed_ = subscriber_->subscribe(this);
-	return subscribed_;
-}
-
+	return true;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryNone/boundaryNone.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryNone/boundaryNone.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..41c3cad9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryNone/boundaryNone.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __boundaryNone_hpp__
+#define __boundaryNone_hpp__
+
+
+#include "boundaryBase.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class boundaryNone
+:
+ 	public boundaryBase
+{
+
+public:
+
+	TypeInfo("boundary<none>");
+
+	boundaryNone(
+		const dictionary &dict,
+		const plane 	&bplane,
+		internalPoints 	&internal,
+		boundaryList	&bndrs,
+		uint32 			thisIndex);
+
+	~boundaryNone() final= default;
+	
+	add_vCtor
+	(
+		boundaryBase,
+		boundaryNone,
+		dictionary
+	);
+
+	bool beforeIteration(
+		uint32 step, 
+		const timeInfo& ti, 
+		bool updateIter, 
+		bool iterBeforeUpdate , 
+		bool& callAgain
+	)final;
+
+	bool iterate(const timeInfo& ti) final;
+
+	bool afterIteration(const timeInfo& ti) final;
+
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryPeriodic/boundaryPeriodic.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryPeriodic/boundaryPeriodic.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0abf337d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryPeriodic/boundaryPeriodic.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "boundaryPeriodic.hpp"
+#include "internalPoints.hpp"
+#include "dictionary.hpp"
+
+
+pFlow::boundaryPeriodic::boundaryPeriodic
+(
+	const dictionary &dict,
+    const plane 	&bplane,
+    internalPoints 	&internal,
+	boundaryList	&bndrs,
+	uint32 			thisIndex
+)
+:
+	boundaryBase(dict, bplane, internal, bndrs, thisIndex),
+	mirrorBoundaryIndex_(dict.getVal<uint32>("mirrorBoundaryIndex")),
+	extensionLength_(dict.getVal<real>("boundaryExtntionLengthRatio"))
+{
+	extensionLength_ = max(extensionLength_, static_cast<real>(0.1));
+}
+
+pFlow::real pFlow::boundaryPeriodic::neighborLength() const
+{
+    return (1+extensionLength_)*neighborLengthIntoInternal();
+}
+
+pFlow::realx3 pFlow::boundaryPeriodic::boundaryExtensionLength() const
+{
+    return -extensionLength_*neighborLengthIntoInternal()*boundaryBase::boundaryPlane().normal();
+}
+
+
+bool pFlow::boundaryPeriodic::beforeIteration(
+	uint32 step, 
+	const timeInfo& ti, 
+	bool updateIter, 
+	bool iterBeforeUpdate , 
+	bool& callAgain)
+{
+	if(step==1)
+	{
+		callAgain = true;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		callAgain = false;
+		// nothing have to be done
+		if(empty())
+		{
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		if(!performBoundarytUpdate())
+		{
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		uint32 s = size();
+		uint32Vector_D transferFlags("transferFlags",s+1, s+1, RESERVE()); 
+		transferFlags.fill(0u);
+		
+		auto points = thisPoints();
+		auto p = boundaryPlane().infPlane();
+		const auto & transferD = transferFlags.deviceViewAll();
+		
+		uint32 numTransfered = 0;
+
+		Kokkos::parallel_reduce
+		(
+			"boundaryPeriodic::beforeIteration",
+			deviceRPolicyStatic(0u,s),
+			LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i, uint32& trnasToUpdate)
+			{
+				if(p.pointInNegativeSide(points(i)))
+				{
+					transferD(i)=1;
+					trnasToUpdate++;
+				}
+			}, 
+			numTransfered
+		);
+
+		// no point to be transfered 
+		if(numTransfered == 0 )
+		{
+			return true;
+		}
+		
+		// to obtain the transfer vector 
+		realx3 transferVec = displacementVectroToMirror();
+		
+		return transferPointsToMirror
+		(
+			numTransfered,
+			transferFlags, 
+			mirrorBoundaryIndex(), 
+			transferVec
+		);
+	}
+	
+	return true;
+	
+}
+
+bool pFlow::boundaryPeriodic::iterate(const timeInfo& ti)
+{
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::boundaryPeriodic::afterIteration(const timeInfo& ti)
+{
+	return true;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryPeriodic/boundaryPeriodic.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryPeriodic/boundaryPeriodic.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..87f86033
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryPeriodic/boundaryPeriodic.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __boundaryPeriodic_hpp__
+#define __boundaryPeriodic_hpp__
+
+
+#include "boundaryBase.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class boundaryPeriodic
+:
+ 	public boundaryBase
+{
+private:
+
+	uint32 mirrorBoundaryIndex_;
+
+	real extensionLength_ = 0.1;
+
+public:
+
+	TypeInfo("boundary<periodic>");
+
+	boundaryPeriodic(
+		const dictionary &dict,
+		const plane 	&bplane,
+		internalPoints 	&internal,
+		boundaryList	&bndrs,
+		uint32 			thisIndex);
+
+	 
+	~boundaryPeriodic() override= default;
+	
+	add_vCtor
+	(
+		boundaryBase,
+		boundaryPeriodic,
+		dictionary
+	);
+
+	real neighborLength()const override;
+
+	realx3 boundaryExtensionLength()const override;
+
+	bool beforeIteration(
+		uint32 step, 
+		const timeInfo& ti, 
+		bool updateIter, 
+		bool iterBeforeUpdate , 
+		bool& callAgain
+	) final ;
+
+	bool iterate(const timeInfo& ti) final;
+	 
+	bool afterIteration(const timeInfo& ti)final;
+
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryReflective/boundaryReflective.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryReflective/boundaryReflective.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3d4296e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryReflective/boundaryReflective.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "boundaryReflective.hpp"
+#include "pointFields.hpp"
+#include "dictionary.hpp"
+#include "Time.hpp"
+
+pFlow::boundaryReflective::boundaryReflective
+(
+    const dictionary &dict, 
+    const plane &bplane, 
+    internalPoints &internal, 
+    boundaryList &bndrs, 
+    uint32 thisIndex
+)
+:
+    boundaryBase
+    (
+        dict,
+        bplane,
+        internal,
+        bndrs,
+        thisIndex
+    )
+{
+    restitution_ = dict.getValOrSet("restitution", restitution_);
+    velocityName_ = dict.getValOrSet("velocityName",velocityName_);
+    diameterName_ = dict.getValOrSet("diameterName", diameterName_);
+}
+
+bool pFlow::boundaryReflective::beforeIteration(
+    uint32 step, 
+	const timeInfo& ti, 
+	bool updateIter, 
+	bool iterBeforeUpdate , 
+	bool& callAgain)
+{
+    boundaryBase::beforeIteration(step, ti, updateIter, iterBeforeUpdate, callAgain);
+    callAgain = false;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::boundaryReflective::iterate
+(
+    const timeInfo& ti
+)
+{
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::boundaryReflective::afterIteration
+(
+    const timeInfo& ti
+)
+{
+    if(empty())return true;
+    
+    uint32 s = size();
+	uint32Vector_D inContactFlags("inContactFlags",s+1, s+1, RESERVE()); 
+	inContactFlags.fill(0u);
+	auto inContactFlagsD = inContactFlags.deviceViewAll();
+
+	auto points = thisPoints();
+    
+	auto p = boundaryPlane().infPlane();
+    const auto &diam = time().lookupObject<realPointField_D>(diameterName_);
+	auto diams = diam.BoundaryField(thisBoundaryIndex()).thisField();
+
+	uint32 numInContact = 0;
+
+	Kokkos::parallel_reduce
+	(
+		"pFlow::boundaryReflective::afterIteration",
+		deviceRPolicyStatic(0u,s),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i, uint32& nContactToUpdate)
+		{
+			if(p.inPositiveDistance(points(i), 0.5*diams(i)))
+			{
+				inContactFlagsD(i)=1;
+				nContactToUpdate++;
+			}
+		}, 
+		numInContact
+	);
+
+    // no particle in contact 
+	if(numInContact == 0 )
+	{
+		return true;
+	}
+
+    uint32Vector_D inContactList("inContactList", numInContact);
+    const auto& inContactListD = inContactList.deviceViewAll();
+
+    exclusiveScan(inContactFlagsD, 0u, s+1, inContactFlagsD, 0u);
+    
+    Kokkos::parallel_for
+    (
+        "pFlow::boundaryReflective::afterIteration",
+        deviceRPolicyStatic(0, s),
+        LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i)
+		{
+			if(inContactFlagsD(i)!= inContactFlagsD(i+1))
+				inContactListD(inContactFlagsD(i)) = points.index(i);
+		}
+    );
+    Kokkos::fence(); 
+
+    const auto& velocity = time().lookupObject<realx3PointField_D>(velocityName_);
+    const auto& velocityD = velocity.deviceViewAll();
+    
+    const auto restitution = restitution_;
+
+    Kokkos::parallel_for(
+        "pFlow::boundaryReflective::velocityChange",
+        deviceRPolicyStatic(0,numInContact),
+        LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i)
+        {
+            auto& vel = velocityD(inContactListD(i));
+            real vn = dot(p.normal(), vel);
+            
+            if(vn < 0)
+            {
+                realx3 vt = vel - vn*p.normal();
+                vel = restitution*(vt - vn*p.normal());
+            }
+        }
+    );
+    Kokkos::fence();
+    
+    // TODO: notify integration for changes in the velocity 
+
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryReflective/boundaryReflective.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryReflective/boundaryReflective.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..161b2004
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryReflective/boundaryReflective.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __boundaryReflective_hpp__
+#define __boundaryReflective_hpp__
+
+
+#include "boundaryBase.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class boundaryReflective
+:
+ 	public boundaryBase
+{
+private:
+
+	real        restitution_ = 0.95;
+
+    word        velocityName_{"velocity"};
+	
+    word        diameterName_{"diameter"};
+
+public:
+
+	TypeInfo("boundary<reflective>");
+
+	boundaryReflective(
+		const dictionary &dict,
+		const plane 	&bplane,
+		internalPoints 	&internal,
+		boundaryList	&bndrs,
+		uint32 			thisIndex);
+
+	 
+	~boundaryReflective()override = default;
+	
+	add_vCtor
+	(
+		boundaryBase,
+		boundaryReflective,
+		dictionary
+	);
+
+	bool beforeIteration(
+		uint32 step, 
+		const timeInfo& ti, 
+		bool updateIter, 
+		bool iterBeforeUpdate , 
+		bool& callAgain
+	) final ;
+
+	bool iterate(const timeInfo& ti) final;
+	 
+	bool afterIteration(const timeInfo& ti)final;
+
+
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/box/box.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/box/box.hpp
index 428e0534..67d0e8dc 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/box/box.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/box/box.hpp
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ public:
 
 	//// - Constructors 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD 
-		box(){}
+		box() = default;
 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD 
 		box(const realx3& minP, const realx3& maxP)
@@ -57,45 +57,60 @@ public:
 		
 
 		FUNCTION_H
-		box(const dictionary& dict);
+		explicit box(const dictionary& dict);
 
 		FUNCTION_H
-		box(iIstream& is);
+		explicit box(iIstream& is);
 
-		FUNCTION_HD
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 		box(const box&) = default;
 
-		FUNCTION_HD
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 		box(box&&) = default;
 
-		FUNCTION_HD
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 		box& operator=(const box&) = default;
 
-		FUNCTION_HD
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 		box& operator=(box&&) = default;
 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 		~box()=default;
 
 	//// - Methods 
 
+		
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 		bool isInside(const realx3& point)const
 		{
-			return point > min_ && point <max_;
+			// box planes are also included as the inside of the box 
+			return point >= min_ && point <=max_;
 		}
 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		realx3 minPoint()const
+		const realx3& minPoint()const
 		{
 			return min_;
 		}
 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		realx3 maxPoint()const
+		const realx3& maxPoint()const
 		{
 			return max_;
 		}
 
+        INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+        realx3& minPoint()
+        {
+            return min_;
+        }
+
+        INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+        realx3& maxPoint()
+        {
+            return max_;
+        }
+
 	//// - IO operation 
 		FUNCTION_H
 		bool read(iIstream & is);
@@ -116,6 +131,19 @@ iIstream& operator >>(iIstream& is, box& b);
 FUNCTION_H
 iOstream& operator << (iOstream& os, const box& b);
 
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+bool equal(const box& b1, const box& b2, real tol = smallValue)
+{
+	return  equal(b1.minPoint(), b2.minPoint(), tol) && 
+			equal(b1.maxPoint(), b2.maxPoint(), tol);
+}
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+bool operator ==(const box& b1, const box& b2)
+{
+	return equal(b1, b2);
+}
+
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 box extendBox(const box& b, const realx3& dl)
 {
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/cells/cells.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/cells/cells.hpp
index c77b1a69..c4b50813 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/cells/cells.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/cells/cells.hpp
@@ -28,58 +28,40 @@ Licence:
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-template<typename indexType>
 class cells
 {
-public:
-	
-	using CellType = triple<indexType>;
-
-protected:
+private:
 
 	// - domain 
-	box 		domain_{realx3(0.0), realx3(1.0)};
+	box 		domainBox_{realx3(0.0), realx3(1.0)};
 
 	// - cell size 
-	realx3 		cellSize_{1,1,1};
-
-	CellType 	numCells_{1,1,1};
+	real 		celldx_{1};
 
+	int32x3 	numCells_{1,1,1};
 	
 	// - protected methods
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
 	void calculate()
 	{
-		numCells_ = (domain_.maxPoint()-domain_.minPoint())/cellSize_ + realx3(1.0);
-		numCells_ = max( numCells_ , CellType(static_cast<indexType>(1)) );
+		numCells_ = (domainBox_.maxPoint()-domainBox_.minPoint())/celldx_ + realx3(1.0);
+		numCells_ = max( numCells_ , int32x3(1) );
 	}
 
 public:
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	cells()
-	{}
+	cells() = default;
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
 	cells(const box& domain, real cellSize)
 	:
-		domain_(domain),
-		cellSize_(cellSize)
+		domainBox_(domain),
+		celldx_(cellSize)
 	{
 		calculate();
 	}
 
- 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	cells(const box& domain, int32 nx, int32 ny, int32 nz)
-	:
-		domain_(domain),
-		cellSize_(
-			(domain_.maxPoint() - domain_.minPoint())/realx3(nx, ny,  nz)
-			),
-		numCells_(nx, ny, nz)
-	{}
-
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	cells(const cells&) = default;
 
@@ -100,43 +82,36 @@ public:
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
 	void setCellSize(real cellSize)
 	{
-		cellSize_ = cellSize;
-		calculate();
-	}
-
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	void setCellSize(realx3 cellSize)
-	{
-		cellSize_ = cellSize;
+		celldx_ = cellSize;
 		calculate();
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	realx3 cellSize()const
+	real cellSize()const
 	{
-		return cellSize_;
+		return celldx_;
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	const CellType& numCells()const
+	const int32x3& numCells()const
 	{
 		return numCells_;
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	indexType nx()const
+	int32 nx()const
 	{
 		return numCells_.x();
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	indexType ny()const
+	int32 ny()const
 	{
 		return numCells_.y();
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	indexType nz()const
+	int32 nz()const
 	{
 		return numCells_.z();
 	}
@@ -149,22 +124,21 @@ public:
 				static_cast<int64>(numCells_.z());
 	}
 
-	const auto& domain()const
+	const auto& domainBox()const
 	{
-		return domain_;
+		return domainBox_;
 	}
 	
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	CellType pointIndex(const realx3& p)const
+	int32x3 pointIndex(const realx3& p)const
 	{
-		return CellType( (p - domain_.minPoint())/cellSize_ );
+		return int32x3( (p - domainBox_.minPoint())/celldx_ );
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	bool pointIndexInDomain(const realx3 p, CellType& index)const
+	bool pointIndexInDomain(const realx3 p, int32x3& index)const
 	{
-		if( !domain_.isInside(p) ) return false;
-		
+		if(!inDomain(p))return false;
 		index = this->pointIndex(p);
 		return true;
 	}
@@ -172,11 +146,11 @@ public:
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	bool inDomain(const realx3& p)const
 	{	
-		return domain_.isInside(p);
+		return domainBox_.isInside(p);
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	bool isInRange(const CellType& cell)const
+	bool inCellRange(const int32x3& cell)const
 	{
 		if(cell.x()<0)return false;
 		if(cell.y()<0)return false;
@@ -188,7 +162,7 @@ public:
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	bool isInRange(indexType i, indexType j, indexType k)const
+	bool inCellRange(int32 i, int32 j, int32 k)const
 	{
 		if(i<0)return false;
 		if(j<0)return false;
@@ -199,22 +173,7 @@ public:
 		return true;
 	}
 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	void extendBox(
-		const CellType& p1,
-		const CellType& p2,
-		const CellType& p3,
-		indexType extent,
-		CellType& minP,
-		CellType& maxP)const
-	{
-		minP = min( min( p1, p2), p3)-extent;
-		maxP = max( max( p1, p2), p3)+extent;
-
-		minP = bound(minP);
-		maxP = bound(maxP);
-	}
-
+	
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	void extendBox(
 		const realx3& p1,
@@ -224,17 +183,17 @@ public:
 		realx3& minP,
 		realx3& maxP)const
 	{
-		minP = min(min(p1,p2),p3) - extent*cellSize_ ;
-		maxP = max(max(p1,p2),p3) + extent*cellSize_ ;
+		minP = min(min(p1,p2),p3) - extent*celldx_ ;
+		maxP = max(max(p1,p2),p3) + extent*celldx_ ;
 
 		minP = bound(minP);
 		maxP = bound(maxP);
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	CellType bound(CellType p)const
+	int32x3 bound(int32x3 p)const
 	{
-		return CellType(
+		return int32x3(
 			min( numCells_.x()-1, max(0,p.x())),
 			min( numCells_.y()-1, max(0,p.y())),
 			min( numCells_.z()-1, max(0,p.z()))
@@ -245,9 +204,9 @@ public:
 	realx3 bound(realx3 p)const
 	{
 		return realx3(
-			min( domain_.maxPoint().x(), max(domain_.minPoint().x(),p.x())),
-			min( domain_.maxPoint().y(), max(domain_.minPoint().y(),p.y())),
-			min( domain_.maxPoint().z(), max(domain_.minPoint().z(),p.z()))
+			min( domainBox_.maxPoint().x(), max(domainBox_.minPoint().x(),p.x())),
+			min( domainBox_.maxPoint().y(), max(domainBox_.minPoint().y(),p.y())),
+			min( domainBox_.maxPoint().z(), max(domainBox_.minPoint().z(),p.z()))
 			);
 	}
 };	
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/cylinder/cylinder.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/cylinder/cylinder.cpp
index e034fc44..014462c2 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/cylinder/cylinder.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/cylinder/cylinder.cpp
@@ -18,9 +18,10 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
+#include "math.hpp"
 #include "cylinder.hpp"
 #include "zAxis.hpp"
+#include "streams.hpp"
 
 FUNCTION_H
 bool pFlow::cylinder::calculateParams()
@@ -43,9 +44,12 @@ bool pFlow::cylinder::calculateParams()
 	realx3 minPinZ(-sqrt(radius2_), -sqrt(radius2_), 0.0);
 	realx3 maxPinZ( sqrt(radius2_),  sqrt(radius2_), sqrt(axisVector2_));
 
-	minPoint_ = zA.transferBackZ(minPinZ);
-	maxPoint_ = zA.transferBackZ(maxPinZ);
+	auto minp = zA.transferBackZ(minPinZ);
+	auto maxp = zA.transferBackZ(maxPinZ);
 
+	minPoint_ = min(minp, maxp);
+	maxPoint_ = max(minp, maxp);
+	
 	return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/cylinder/cylinder.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/cylinder/cylinder.hpp
index cc3617ad..ad54b4c1 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/cylinder/cylinder.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/cylinder/cylinder.hpp
@@ -90,7 +90,9 @@ public:
 			auto p1Point = point-p1_;
 			auto H = cross(p1Point , axisVector_);
 			auto H2 = dot(H,H);
-			if( H2 < radius2_*axisVector2_)
+
+			// the shell itslef is considered as inside point 
+			if( H2 <= radius2_*axisVector2_)
 			{
 				real t = dot(p1Point, axisVector_)/axisVector2_;
 				if(t >= 0.0 && t <= 1.0)
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/domain/domain.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/domain/domain.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e81c0471
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/domain/domain.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "domain.hpp"
+
+FUNCTION_H 
+pFlow::domain::domain(const box& db)
+:
+	domainBox_(db),
+	left_(
+		db.minPoint(),
+		realx3(db.minPoint().x(), db.maxPoint().y(), db.minPoint().z()),
+		realx3(db.minPoint().x(), db.maxPoint().y(), db.maxPoint().z()),
+		realx3(db.minPoint().x(), db.minPoint().y(), db.maxPoint().z())),
+	right_(
+		db.maxPoint(),
+		realx3(db.maxPoint().x(), db.maxPoint().y(), db.minPoint().z()),
+		realx3(db.maxPoint().x(), db.minPoint().y(), db.minPoint().z()),
+		realx3(db.maxPoint().x(), db.minPoint().y(), db.maxPoint().z())),
+	bottom_(
+		db.minPoint(),
+		realx3(db.minPoint().x(), db.minPoint().y(), db.maxPoint().z()),
+		realx3(db.maxPoint().x(), db.minPoint().y(), db.maxPoint().z()),
+		realx3(db.maxPoint().x(), db.minPoint().y(), db.minPoint().z())),
+	top_(
+		db.maxPoint(),
+		realx3(db.minPoint().x(), db.maxPoint().y(), db.maxPoint().z()),
+		realx3(db.minPoint().x(), db.maxPoint().y(), db.minPoint().z()),
+		realx3(db.maxPoint().x(), db.maxPoint().y(), db.minPoint().z())),
+	rear_(
+		db.minPoint(),
+		realx3(db.maxPoint().x(), db.minPoint().y(), db.minPoint().z()),
+		realx3(db.maxPoint().x(), db.maxPoint().y(), db.minPoint().z()),
+		realx3(db.minPoint().x(), db.maxPoint().y(), db.minPoint().z())),
+	front_(
+		db.maxPoint(),
+		realx3(db.maxPoint().x(), db.minPoint().y(), db.maxPoint().z()),
+		realx3(db.minPoint().x(), db.minPoint().y(), db.maxPoint().z()),
+		realx3(db.minPoint().x(), db.maxPoint().y(), db.maxPoint().z()))
+{
+
+}
+
+
+FUNCTION_H
+pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::operator >>(
+    pFlow::iIstream& is, 
+    pFlow::domain& d)
+{
+    box b;
+    is>>b; 
+    d = domain(b);
+    return is;
+}
+
+FUNCTION_H
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::operator << (
+    pFlow::iOstream& os, 
+    const pFlow::domain& d)
+{
+    os<< d.domainBox();
+    return os;
+}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/domain/domain.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/domain/domain.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0b733a45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/domain/domain.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __domain_hpp__
+#define __domain_hpp__
+
+
+#include "box.hpp"
+#include "plane.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class domain
+{
+private:
+	
+	box 		domainBox_;
+
+	/// -x
+	plane 		left_;
+
+	/// +x
+	plane 		right_;
+
+	/// -y
+	plane 		bottom_;
+
+	/// +y
+	plane		top_;
+
+	/// -z
+	plane 		rear_;
+
+	/// +z
+	plane 		front_;
+
+
+public:
+
+	// - type info
+	TypeInfoNV("domain");
+
+	//// - Constructors 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD 
+		domain() = default;
+
+		FUNCTION_H 
+		explicit domain(const box& db);
+		
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		domain(const domain&) = default;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		domain(domain&&) = default;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		domain& operator=(const domain&) = default;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		domain& operator=(domain&&) = default;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		~domain()=default;
+
+	//// - Methods 
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		const auto& domainBox()const
+		{
+			return domainBox_;
+		}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		const auto& left()const
+		{
+			return left_;
+		}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		const auto& right()const
+		{
+			return right_;
+		}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		const auto& bottom()const
+		{
+			return bottom_;
+		}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		const auto& top()const
+		{
+			return top_;
+		}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		const auto& rear()const
+		{
+			return rear_;
+		}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		const auto& front()const
+		{
+			return front_;
+		}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		const auto& boundaryPlane(uint32 i)const 
+		{
+			switch (i)
+			{
+				case 0:
+					return left_;
+				case 1:
+					return right_;
+				case 2:
+					return bottom_;
+				case 3:
+					return top_;
+				case 4:
+					return rear_;
+				case 5:
+					return front_;
+				default:
+					fatalErrorInFunction;
+					return front_;
+			}
+		}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		const auto& minPoint()const
+		{
+			return domainBox_.minPoint();
+		}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		const auto& maxPoint()const
+		{
+			return domainBox_.maxPoint();
+		}
+		
+}; // domain
+
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+bool equal(const domain& d1, const domain& d2, real tol=smallValue)
+{
+	return equal(d1.domainBox(), d2.domainBox(), tol);
+}
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+bool operator ==(const domain& d1, const domain& d2)
+{
+	return equal(d1, d2);
+}
+
+FUNCTION_H
+iIstream& operator >>(iIstream& is, domain& d);
+
+FUNCTION_H
+iOstream& operator << (iOstream& os, const domain& d);
+
+
+}
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/domain/regularSimulationDomain.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/domain/regularSimulationDomain.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7bda6142
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/domain/regularSimulationDomain.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "regularSimulationDomain.hpp"
+#include "processors.hpp"
+#include "streams.hpp"
+
+bool pFlow::regularSimulationDomain::createBoundaryDicts()
+{
+
+	dictionary& thisBoundaries = this->subDict(thisBoundariesDictName());
+
+	for(uint32 i=0; i<sizeOfBoundaries(); i++)
+	{
+		word bName = bundaryName(i);
+		dictionary& bDict = thisBoundaries.subDict(bName);
+
+		if(!bDict.add("neighborProcessorNo",(uint32) processors::globalRank()))
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<"error in adding neighborProcessorNo to "<< bName <<
+			" in dictionary "<< thisBoundaries.globalName()<<endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		auto bType = bDict.getVal<word>("type");
+		uint32 mirrorIndex = 0;
+
+		if(bType == "periodic")
+		{
+			if(bName == bundaryName(0)) mirrorIndex = 1;
+			if(bName == bundaryName(1)) mirrorIndex = 0;
+			if(bName == bundaryName(2)) mirrorIndex = 3;
+			if(bName == bundaryName(3)) mirrorIndex = 2;
+			if(bName == bundaryName(4)) mirrorIndex = 5;
+			if(bName == bundaryName(5)) mirrorIndex = 4;
+
+			if(! bDict.addOrReplace("mirrorBoundaryIndex", mirrorIndex))
+			{
+				fatalErrorInFunction<<
+				"canno add entry mirroBoundaryIndex to dictionary "<<
+				bDict.globalName()<<endl;
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+    
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::regularSimulationDomain::setThisDomain()
+{
+	thisDomain_ = domain(globalBox());
+    return true;
+}
+
+pFlow::regularSimulationDomain::regularSimulationDomain
+(
+    systemControl& control
+)
+:
+    simulationDomain(control)
+{}
+
+bool pFlow::regularSimulationDomain::initialUpdateDomains(span<realx3> pointPos)
+{
+    initialNumPoints_ = pointPos.size();
+    if(!setThisDomain()) return false;
+    if(!createBoundaryDicts()) return false;
+    return true;
+}
+
+pFlow::uint32 pFlow::regularSimulationDomain::initialNumberInThis() const
+{
+    return initialNumPoints_;
+}
+
+/*bool pFlow::regularSimulationDomain::updateDomains(
+    span<realx3> pointPos,
+    pFlagTypeHost flags)
+{	
+    return true;
+}*/
+
+pFlow::uint32 pFlow::regularSimulationDomain::numberToBeImported() const
+{
+	return 0;	
+}
+
+pFlow::uint32 pFlow::regularSimulationDomain::numberToBeExported() const
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+
+bool
+pFlow::regularSimulationDomain::domainActive() const
+{
+	return true;
+}
+
+const pFlow::domain&
+pFlow::regularSimulationDomain::thisDomain() const
+{
+	return thisDomain_;
+}
+
+bool
+pFlow::regularSimulationDomain::initialTransferBlockData(
+  span<char> src,
+  span<char> dst,
+  size_t     sizeOfElement
+) const
+{
+	size_t requiredSize = sizeOfElement*initialNumberInThis();
+	if(dst.size() < requiredSize)
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<< 
+		"size of destination data block [in byte]"<< dst.size()<<
+		"is smaller than the required size [in byte]"<< requiredSize<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+	
+	if(src.size() < requiredSize )
+	{	
+		fatalErrorInFunction<< 
+		"size of source data block [in byte]"<< src.size()<<
+		"is smaller than the required size [in byte]"<< requiredSize<<endl;
+		return false;
+
+	}
+
+	std::memcpy(dst.data(), src.data(), requiredSize);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::regularSimulationDomain::initialTransferBlockData
+(
+    span<realx3> src, 
+    span<realx3> dst
+) const
+{
+    return initialTransferBlockData(
+        charSpan(src), 
+        charSpan(dst), 
+        sizeof(realx3)); 
+}
+
+bool pFlow::regularSimulationDomain::initialTransferBlockData
+(
+    span<real> src, 
+    span<real> dst
+) const
+{
+    return initialTransferBlockData(
+        charSpan(src), 
+        charSpan(dst), 
+        sizeof(real)); 
+}
+
+bool pFlow::regularSimulationDomain::initialTransferBlockData
+(
+    span<uint32> src, 
+    span<uint32> dst
+) const
+{
+    return initialTransferBlockData(
+        charSpan(src), 
+        charSpan(dst), 
+        sizeof(uint32)); 
+}
+
+bool pFlow::regularSimulationDomain::initialTransferBlockData
+(
+    span<int32> src, 
+    span<int32> dst
+) const
+{
+    return initialTransferBlockData(
+        charSpan(src), 
+        charSpan(dst), 
+        sizeof(int32)); 
+}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/domain/regularSimulationDomain.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/domain/regularSimulationDomain.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5eb23619
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/domain/regularSimulationDomain.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __regularSimulationDomain_hpp__
+#define __regularSimulationDomain_hpp__
+
+#include "simulationDomain.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class regularSimulationDomain 
+: 
+	public simulationDomain
+{
+private:
+
+	domain thisDomain_;
+
+	uint32 initialNumPoints_ = 0;
+
+	bool   createBoundaryDicts() final;
+
+	bool   setThisDomain() final;
+
+public:
+
+	TypeInfo("simulationDomain<regular>");
+
+	explicit regularSimulationDomain(systemControl& control);
+
+	~regularSimulationDomain() final = default;
+
+	add_vCtor(simulationDomain, regularSimulationDomain, systemControl);
+
+	bool   initialUpdateDomains(span<realx3> pointPos) final;
+
+	uint32 initialNumberInThis() const final;
+
+	uint32 numberToBeImported() const final;
+
+	uint32 numberToBeExported() const final;
+
+	/// @brief Is this domain active?
+	/// Active mean, there is particle in it and
+	/// boundaries and other entities of simulation domains are valid
+	bool domainActive() const final;
+
+	/// @brief return the simulation domain of this processor
+	const domain& thisDomain() const final;
+
+	bool initialTransferBlockData(
+	  span<char> src,
+	  span<char> dst,
+	  size_t     sizeOfElement
+	) const final;
+
+	/// @brief
+	/// @param src
+	/// @param dst
+	/// @return
+	bool initialTransferBlockData(span<realx3> src, span<realx3> dst)
+	  const final;
+
+	bool initialTransferBlockData(span<real> src, span<real> dst)
+	  const final;
+
+	bool initialTransferBlockData(span<uint32> src, span<uint32> dst)
+	  const final;
+
+	bool initialTransferBlockData(span<int32> src, span<int32> dst)
+	  const final;
+
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif //__regularSimulationDomain_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/domain/simulationDomain.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/domain/simulationDomain.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eaf55965
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/domain/simulationDomain.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "simulationDomain.hpp"
+#include "pFlowProcessors.hpp"
+#include "systemControl.hpp"
+#include "vocabs.hpp"
+
+bool pFlow::simulationDomain::prepareBoundaryDicts()
+{
+	
+    dictionary& boundaries = this->subDict("boundaries");
+
+    real neighborLength = boundaries.getVal<real>("neighborLength");
+
+	real boundaryExtntionLengthRatio = 
+        boundaries.getValOrSetMax("boundaryExtntionLengthRatio", 0.1);
+	
+    uint32 updateInterval = 
+        boundaries.getValOrSetMax<uint32>("updateInterval", 1u);
+
+    uint32 neighborListUpdateInterval = 
+        boundaries.getValMax("neighborListUpdateInterval", updateInterval);
+
+    boundaries.addOrReplace("neighborListUpdateInterval", neighborListUpdateInterval);
+
+	// create this boundaries dictionary 
+	this->addDict(thisBoundariesDictName(), boundaries);
+    dictionary& thisBDict = this->subDict(thisBoundariesDictName());
+	thisBDict.addOrReplace("neighborLength", neighborLength);
+	thisBDict.addOrReplace("boundaryExtntionLengthRatio", boundaryExtntionLengthRatio);
+	thisBDict.addOrReplace("updateInterval", updateInterval);
+	thisBDict.addOrReplace("neighborListUpdateInterval", neighborListUpdateInterval);
+
+
+    for(uint32 i=0; i<sizeOfBoundaries(); i++)
+	{
+		word bName = bundaryName(i);
+		if( !boundaries.containsDictionay(bName) )
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<"dictionary "<< bName<<
+			"does not exist in "<< boundaries.globalName()<<endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+		auto& bDict = thisBDict.subDict(bName);
+
+		if(!bDict.addOrKeep("neighborLength", neighborLength))
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<"error in adding neighborLength to "<< bName <<
+			"in dictionary "<< boundaries.globalName()<<endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if(!bDict.addOrReplace("updateInterval", updateInterval))
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<"error in adding updateInterval to "<< bName <<
+			"in dictionary "<< boundaries.globalName()<<endl;
+            return false;
+		}
+
+		bDict.addOrReplace("boundaryExtntionLengthRatio", boundaryExtntionLengthRatio);
+
+	}
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+pFlow::simulationDomain::simulationDomain(systemControl &control)
+    : fileDictionary(
+          objectFile(
+              domainFile__,
+              "",
+              objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
+              objectFile::WRITE_NEVER),
+          &control.settings()),
+      globalBox_(subDict("globalBox"))
+{
+    if( !prepareBoundaryDicts() )
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<<
+            "Error in preparing dictionaries for boundaries"<<endl;
+        fatalExit;
+    }
+}
+
+pFlow::domain pFlow::simulationDomain::extendThisDomain
+(
+	const realx3 &lowerPointExtension, 
+	const realx3 &upperPointExtension
+) const
+{
+    realx3 minP = thisDomain().minPoint() + lowerPointExtension;
+	realx3 maxP = thisDomain().maxPoint() + upperPointExtension;
+	return domain({minP, maxP});
+}
+
+const pFlow::plane&
+pFlow::simulationDomain::boundaryPlane(uint32 i) const
+{
+	return thisDomain().boundaryPlane(i);
+}
+
+pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::simulationDomain>
+pFlow::simulationDomain::create(systemControl& control)
+{
+	word sType = angleBracketsNames(
+        "simulationDomain", 
+        pFlowProcessors().localRunTypeName());
+
+
+	if( systemControlvCtorSelector_.search(sType) )
+	{
+		return systemControlvCtorSelector_[sType] (control);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		printKeys
+		( 
+			fatalError << "Ctor Selector "<< sType << " dose not exist. \n"
+			<<"Avaiable ones are: \n\n"
+			,
+			systemControlvCtorSelector_
+		);
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+    return nullptr;
+}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/domain/simulationDomain.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/domain/simulationDomain.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dd4d42c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/domain/simulationDomain.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __simulationDomain_hpp__
+#define __simulationDomain_hpp__
+
+#include <array>
+
+#include "domain.hpp"
+#include "fileDictionary.hpp"
+#include "span.hpp"
+#include "streams.hpp"
+#include "virtualConstructor.hpp"
+#include "pointFlag.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class systemControl;
+
+
+class simulationDomain
+:
+	public fileDictionary
+{
+private:	
+
+	/// @brief acutal limits of the global box of  simulation
+	box 			globalBox_;
+
+	static constexpr uint32 sizeOfBoundaries_ = 6;
+
+	static 
+	inline const std::array<word,6>  boundaryNames_ = 
+	{
+		"left", "right", 
+		"bottom", "top",
+		"rear", "front"
+	};
+	
+protected:
+
+	bool prepareBoundaryDicts();
+	
+	virtual 
+	bool createBoundaryDicts() = 0;
+
+	virtual 
+	bool setThisDomain() = 0;
+
+public:
+
+	// - type info
+	TypeInfo("simulationDomain");
+
+	/// Constrcut from components 
+	explicit simulationDomain(systemControl& control);
+	
+	/// Destructor 
+	~simulationDomain() override = default;
+	
+
+	create_vCtor
+	(
+		simulationDomain,
+		systemControl,
+		(systemControl& control),
+		(control)	
+	);
+
+	const auto& globalBox()const
+	{
+		return globalBox_;
+	}
+
+	/// @brief The original dictionary supplied by the user as input 
+	inline 
+	const auto& globalBoundariesDict()const
+	{
+		return static_cast<const fileDictionary&>(*this);
+	}
+
+	/// @brief The generated dictionary generated by code which is used
+	const dictionary& thisBoundariesDict()const
+	{
+		return this->subDict(thisBoundariesDictName());
+	}
+	
+	word thisBoundariesDictName()const
+	{
+		return "thsiDomainBoundaries";
+	}
+
+	/// @brief return a const ref to dicrionary of boundary i of this processor 
+	inline
+	const dictionary& boundaryDict(uint32 i)const
+	{
+		return thisBoundariesDict().subDict(bundaryName(i));
+	}
+	
+    virtual 
+    bool initialUpdateDomains(span<realx3> pointPos) = 0;
+
+    virtual
+    uint32 initialNumberInThis()const = 0;
+
+    virtual 
+	bool initialTransferBlockData(
+		span<char> src, 
+		span<char> dst,
+		size_t sizeOfElement) const = 0;
+    
+    virtual 
+    bool initialTransferBlockData(
+        span<realx3> src,
+        span<realx3> dst) const = 0;
+    
+    virtual
+    bool initialTransferBlockData(
+        span<real> src,
+        span<real> dst) const = 0;
+
+    virtual
+    bool initialTransferBlockData(
+        span<uint32> src,
+        span<uint32> dst) const = 0;
+    
+    virtual 
+    bool initialTransferBlockData(
+        span<int32> src,
+        span<int32> dst) const = 0;
+    
+    
+    template<typename T>
+    bool initialTransferBlockData(
+        span<T> src,
+        span<T> dst )const
+    {
+        size_t el=sizeof(T);
+        return initialTransferBlockData
+        (
+            charSpan(src), 
+            charSpan(dst), 
+            el
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// @brief Number of points to be imported after updating domains 
+	/// @return number of points
+	virtual
+	uint32 numberToBeImported()const = 0;
+
+    virtual 
+    uint32 numberToBeExported()const = 0;
+
+	/// @brief Is this domain active?
+	/// Active mean, there is particle in it and 
+	/// boundaries and other entities of simulation domains are valid  
+	virtual 
+	bool domainActive()const = 0;
+
+	
+	/// @brief return the simulation domain of this processor 
+	virtual 
+	const domain& thisDomain()const = 0;
+	
+	
+	domain extendThisDomain(
+		const realx3& lowerPointExtension, 
+		const realx3& upperPointExtension)const;
+	
+	/// @brief return a const ref to the plane of boundary i of this processor 
+	const plane& boundaryPlane(uint32 i)const;
+	
+	static
+	uniquePtr<simulationDomain> create(systemControl& control);
+
+	/// @brief  Boundary name based on boundary index 
+	/// @param i boundary index (range from 0 to 5) 
+	/// @return const reference to name of the boundary 
+	static inline
+	const word& bundaryName(uint32 i)
+	{
+		return boundaryNames_[i];
+	}
+
+	static inline 
+	uint32 sizeOfBoundaries() 
+	{
+		return boundaryNames_.size();
+	}
+	
+}; // simulationDomain
+
+
+
+}
+
+
+#endif //__simulationDomain_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/domain/subDomain.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/domain/subDomain.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b90ccb61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/domain/subDomain.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __subDomain_hpp__
+#define __subDomain_hpp__
+
+#include "domain.hpp"
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class subDomain
+{
+protected:	
+
+	/// the actual limits of global domain 
+	const domain& 		globalDomain_;
+
+	/// @brief dictionary of boundaries
+	const dictionary& 	boundaryDict_;
+
+
+	/// the actual limits of this processor domain 
+	domain 		thisDomain_;
+
+
+
+public:
+
+	// - type info
+	TypeInfo("subDomain");
+
+
+	subDomain(
+		const domain& gDomain,
+		const domain& thisD, 
+		const dictionary& bDicts)
+	:
+		globalDomain_(gDomain),
+		thisDomain_(thisD),
+		boundaryDict_(bDicts)
+	{}
+	
+	const auto& thisDomain()const
+	{
+		return thisDomain_;
+	}
+
+	const dictionary& leftDict()const
+	{
+		return boundaryDict_.subDict("left");
+	}
+
+	const dictionary& rightDict()const
+	{
+		return boundaryDict_.subDict("right");
+	}
+
+	const dictionary& bottomDict()const
+	{
+		return boundaryDict_.subDict("bottom");;
+	}
+
+	const dictionary& topDict()const
+	{
+		return boundaryDict_.subDict("top");;
+	}
+
+	const dictionary& rearDict()const
+	{
+		return boundaryDict_.subDict("rear");;
+	}
+
+	const dictionary& frontDict()const
+	{
+		return boundaryDict_.subDict("front");;
+	}
+	
+}; // subDomain
+
+
+
+}
+
+
+#endif //__subDomain_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/iBox/iBox.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/iBox/iBox.hpp
index 89e7b225..b9105047 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/iBox/iBox.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/iBox/iBox.hpp
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ protected:
 public:
 
 	// - type info
-	TypeInfoTemplateNV("iBox", intType);
+	TypeInfoTemplateNV11("iBox", intType);
 
 	//// - Constructors 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD 
diff --git a/src/Particles/Insertion/insertionRegion/timeFlowControl.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/infinitePlane/infinitePlane.cpp
similarity index 56%
rename from src/Particles/Insertion/insertionRegion/timeFlowControl.cpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/structuredData/infinitePlane/infinitePlane.cpp
index 1f510b17..d9f41a38 100644
--- a/src/Particles/Insertion/insertionRegion/timeFlowControl.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/infinitePlane/infinitePlane.cpp
@@ -18,45 +18,47 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-#include "timeFlowControl.hpp"
-#include "dictionary.hpp"
+#include "infinitePlane.hpp"
 
-bool pFlow::timeFlowControl::readTimeFlowControl
+pFlow::infinitePlane::infinitePlane
 (
-	const dictionary& dict
+  const realx3& p1, 
+  const realx3& p2, 
+  const realx3& p3
 )
 {
-	rate_ = dict.getVal<real>("rate");
-	startTime_ 	= dict.getVal<real>("startTime");
-	endTime_	= dict.getVal<real>("endTime");
-	interval_	= dict.getVal<real>("interval");
-	numInserted_=0;
-	return true;
-}
+	auto ln = cross(p2-p1, p3-p1);
 
-bool pFlow::timeFlowControl::writeTimeFlowControl
-(
-	dictionary& dict
-) const
-{
-	if(!dict.add("rate", rate_)) return false;
-	if(!dict.add("startTime", startTime_)) return false;
-	if(!dict.add("endTime", endTime_)) return false;
-	if(!dict.add("interval", interval_)) return false;
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-
-pFlow::timeFlowControl::timeFlowControl
-(
-	const dictionary& dict
-)
-{
-
-	if(!readTimeFlowControl(dict))
+	if( equal(ln.length(),0.0) )
 	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"invalid input to form a infinte wall "<< realx3x3(p1,p2,p3)<<endl;
 		fatalExit;
 	}
+	normal_ = normalize(ln);
+	d_ = -dot(normal_, p1);
+}
 
+bool pFlow::infinitePlane::write(iOstream& os)const
+{
+	os.writeWordEntry("normal", normal_);
+	os.writeWordEntry("d", d_);
+	return os.check(FUNCTION_NAME);
+}
+
+bool pFlow::infinitePlane::read(iIstream & is)
+{
+	if(!is.nextData<realx3>("normal", normal_)) return false;
+	if(!is.nextData<real>("d", d_)) return false;
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::infinitePlane::validPlane3
+(
+  const realx3& p1, 
+  const realx3& p2, 
+  const realx3& p3
+)
+{
+  return !equal(cross(p2-p1, p3-p1).length(), 0.0);
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/infinitePlane/infinitePlane.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/infinitePlane/infinitePlane.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2b8440df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/infinitePlane/infinitePlane.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __infinitePlane_hpp__
+#define __infinitePlane_hpp__
+
+#include "types.hpp"
+//#include "dictionary.hpp"
+#include "iIstream.hpp"
+#include "iOstream.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class  infinitePlane
+{
+protected:
+	
+	/// normal vector 
+	realx3 	normal_{1,0,0};
+	
+	/// distance value 
+	real  	d_ = 0;
+
+public:
+
+	// - type info
+	TypeInfoNV("infinitePlane");
+
+	//// - Constructors 
+		
+		/// Default
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD 
+		infinitePlane(){}
+
+		/// From components
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD 
+		infinitePlane(const realx3& normal, const real& d)
+		:
+			normal_(normal),
+			d_(d)
+		{}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		infinitePlane(const realx3& normal, const realx3& p)
+		:
+			normal_(normal),
+			d_(-dot(normal,p))
+		{}
+
+		/// From 3 points
+		infinitePlane(const realx3& p1, const realx3& p2, const realx3& p3);
+		
+		FUNCTION_HD
+		infinitePlane(const infinitePlane&) = default;
+
+		FUNCTION_HD
+		infinitePlane(infinitePlane&&) = default;
+
+		FUNCTION_HD
+		infinitePlane& operator=(const infinitePlane&) = default;
+
+		FUNCTION_HD
+		infinitePlane& operator=(infinitePlane&&) = default;
+
+		~infinitePlane()=default;
+
+		/*FUNCTION_H
+		infinitePlane(const dictionary& dict);
+
+		FUNCTION_H
+		infinitePlane(iIstream& is);*/
+	
+
+	//// - Methods
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		real pointFromPlane(const realx3& p)const
+		{
+			return dot(normal_, p) + d_;
+		}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		bool pointInPositiveSide(const realx3& p)const
+		{
+			return pointFromPlane(p)>=0;
+		}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		bool pointInNegativeSide(const realx3& p)const
+		{
+			return pointFromPlane(p)<0;
+		}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		bool inPositiveDistance(const realx3& p, real dist)const
+		{	
+			real d = pointFromPlane(p);
+			return d >= 0.0 && d <= dist;
+		}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		bool inNegativeDistance(const realx3& p, real dist)const
+		{	
+			real d = pointFromPlane(p);
+			return d < 0.0 && d >= -dist;
+		}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		bool pointOnPlane(const realx3& p)const
+		{
+			return equal(pointFromPlane(p),0.0);
+		}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		realx3 projectPoint(const realx3& p)const
+		{
+			real t = -(dot(normal_, p) + d_);
+			return t*normal_ + p;
+		}
+
+        INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+        bool parallel(const infinitePlane& pln)const
+        {
+            return  equal(normal_, pln.normal_) ||
+                    equal(normal_,-pln.normal_);
+        }
+
+        INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+        bool parallelTouch(const infinitePlane& pln)const
+        {
+            if(equal(normal_, pln.normal_) && equal(d_, pln.d_))return true;
+            if(equal(normal_,-pln.normal_) && equal(d_,-pln.d_))return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+        const auto& normal()const
+        {
+            return normal_;
+        }
+
+        INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+        const auto& d()const
+        {
+            return d_;
+        }
+
+	//// - IO operation 
+
+		FUNCTION_H
+		bool write(iOstream& os)const;
+
+		bool read(iIstream & is);
+
+		/*FUNCTION_H
+		bool read(iIstream & is);
+
+		FUNCTION_H
+		bool write(iOstream& os)const;
+
+		FUNCTION_H
+		bool read(const dictionary& dict);
+
+		FUNCTION_H
+		bool write(dictionary& dict)const;*/
+
+		static bool validPlane3(
+			const realx3& p1, 
+			const realx3& p2, 
+			const realx3& p3);
+};
+
+/*FUNCTION_H
+iIstream& operator >>(iIstream& is, box& b);
+
+FUNCTION_H
+iOstream& operator << (iOstream& os, const box& b);
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+box extendBox(const box& b, const realx3& dl)
+{
+	return box(b.minPoint()-dl , b.maxPoint()+dl);
+}*/
+
+}
+
+
+#endif // __infinitePlane_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/line/line.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/line/line.hpp
index a8a302e2..375588a4 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/line/line.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/line/line.hpp
@@ -55,19 +55,27 @@ public:
 		FUNCTION_HD
 		line(const realx3 &lp1, const realx3 &lp2);
 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		line(const realx3 &v21, const realx3 &p1, bool)
+		:
+			v21_(v21),
+			p1_(p1)
+		{}
+
+
 		FUNCTION_H
 		line(const dictionary& dict);
 
-		FUNCTION_HD
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 		line(const line& src) = default;
 
-		FUNCTION_HD
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 		line(line&& src) = default;
 
-		FUNCTION_HD
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 		line& operator = (const line&) = default;
 
-		FUNCTION_HD
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 		line& operator = (line&&) = default;
 
 	
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/PeakableRegion/PeakableRegion.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/PeakableRegion/PeakableRegion.cpp
index f178026b..05b3aa43 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/PeakableRegion/PeakableRegion.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/PeakableRegion/PeakableRegion.cpp
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ Licence:
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 
-template<typename RegionType>
-pFlow::PeakableRegion<RegionType>::PeakableRegion
+template<typename GeomType>
+pFlow::PeakableRegion<GeomType>::PeakableRegion
 (
 	const word& type, 
 	const dictionary& dict
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ pFlow::PeakableRegion<RegionType>::PeakableRegion
 	
 }
 
-template<typename RegionType>
-bool  pFlow::PeakableRegion<RegionType>::isInside
+template<typename GeomType>
+bool  pFlow::PeakableRegion<GeomType>::isInside
 (
 	const realx3& point
 )const
@@ -42,20 +42,20 @@ bool  pFlow::PeakableRegion<RegionType>::isInside
 }
 
 
-template<typename RegionType>
-pFlow::realx3 pFlow::PeakableRegion<RegionType>::peek()const
+template<typename GeomType>
+pFlow::realx3 pFlow::PeakableRegion<GeomType>::peek()const
 {
 	return region_.peek();
 }
 	
-template<typename RegionType>
-bool pFlow::PeakableRegion<RegionType>::read(const dictionary& dict)
+template<typename GeomType>
+bool pFlow::PeakableRegion<GeomType>::read(const dictionary& dict)
 {
 	return region_.read(dict);
 }
 
-template<typename RegionType>
-bool pFlow::PeakableRegion<RegionType>::write(dictionary& dict)const
+template<typename GeomType>
+bool pFlow::PeakableRegion<GeomType>::write(dictionary& dict)const
 {
 	return region_.write(dict);
 }
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/PeakableRegion/PeakableRegion.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/PeakableRegion/PeakableRegion.hpp
index eefecc19..16a12e1b 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/PeakableRegion/PeakableRegion.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/PeakableRegion/PeakableRegion.hpp
@@ -2,85 +2,88 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
 #ifndef __PeakableRegion_hpp__
 #define __PeakableRegion_hpp__
 
-
-#include "peakableRegion.hpp"
 #include "dictionary.hpp"
+#include "geometricRegion.hpp"
+#include "peakableRegion.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-
-
-
-template<typename RegionType>
-class PeakableRegion
-:
-	public peakableRegion
+template<typename GeomType>
+class PeakableRegion : public peakableRegion
 {
-protected:
+public:
 
-	RegionType 		region_;
+	using RegionType = geometricRegion<GeomType>;
+
+	using GeometryType = typename RegionType::GeometryType;
+
+private:
+
+	RegionType region_;
 
 public:
 
 	// type info
-	TypeInfoTemplate("peakableRegion", RegionType);
+	TypeInfoTemplate11("peakable", GeometryType);
 
-	//// - Constructors 
-		PeakableRegion(const word& type, const dictionary& dict);
+	//// - Constructors
+	PeakableRegion(const word& type, const dictionary& dict);
 
-		add_vCtor(
-			peakableRegion,
-			PeakableRegion,
-			word
-			);
+	add_vCtor(peakableRegion, PeakableRegion, word);
 
-		virtual uniquePtr<peakableRegion> clone()const override
-		{
-			return makeUnique<PeakableRegion<RegionType>>(*this);
-		}
-		
-		virtual peakableRegion* clonePtr()const override
-		{
-			return new PeakableRegion<RegionType>(*this);
-		}
+	virtual uniquePtr<peakableRegion> clone() const override
+	{
+		return makeUnique<PeakableRegion<GeomType>>(*this);
+	}
 
+	virtual peakableRegion* clonePtr() const override
+	{
+		return new PeakableRegion<GeomType>(*this);
+	}
 
-		virtual ~PeakableRegion() = default;
+	virtual ~PeakableRegion() = default;
 
 	//// - Methods
 
-		virtual bool  isInside(const realx3& point)const override;
+	bool   isInside(const realx3& point) const override;
 
-		virtual realx3 peek()const override;
+	realx3 peek() const override;
 
+	const realx3& minPoint()const override
+	{
+		return region_.minPoint();
+	}
 
-	//// - IO operatoins 
+	const realx3& maxPoint()const override
+	{
+		return region_.maxPoint();
+	}
 
-		virtual bool read(const dictionary& dict) override;
+	//// - IO operatoins
 
-		virtual bool write(dictionary& dict)const override;
+	virtual bool   read(const dictionary& dict) override;
 
+	virtual bool   write(dictionary& dict) const override;
 };
 
 } // pFlow
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/peakableRegionInstantiate.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/PeakableRegion/PeakableRegions.cpp
similarity index 79%
rename from src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/peakableRegionInstantiate.cpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/PeakableRegion/PeakableRegions.cpp
index 7a669618..c27850d5 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/peakableRegionInstantiate.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/PeakableRegion/PeakableRegions.cpp
@@ -18,13 +18,12 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-#include "boxRegion.hpp"
-#include "sphereRegion.hpp"
-#include "cylinderRegion.hpp"
 
+#include "PeakableRegion.hpp"
+#include "geometricRegions.hpp"
 
-template class pFlow::PeakableRegion<pFlow::boxRegion>;
+template class pFlow::PeakableRegion<pFlow::box>;
 
-template class pFlow::PeakableRegion<pFlow::sphereRegion>;
+template class pFlow::PeakableRegion<pFlow::sphere>;
 
-template class pFlow::PeakableRegion<pFlow::cylinderRegion>;
\ No newline at end of file
+template class pFlow::PeakableRegion<pFlow::cylinder>;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/geometricRegion/geometricRegion.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/geometricRegion/geometricRegion.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..baf09653
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/geometricRegion/geometricRegion.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+template<typename GeomType>
+pFlow::geometricRegion<GeomType>::geometricRegion(const dictionary& dict)
+  : geom_(dict)
+  , random_()
+{
+	minPoint_ = geom_.minPoint();
+	maxPoint_ = geom_.maxPoint();
+}
+
+template<typename GeomType>
+inline bool
+pFlow::geometricRegion<GeomType>::isInside(const realx3& p) const
+{
+	return geom_.isInside(p);
+}
+
+template<typename GeomType>
+inline pFlow::realx3
+pFlow::geometricRegion<GeomType>::peek() const
+{
+	for (uint32 i = 0u; i < maxTries_; i++)
+	{
+		realx3 p = random_.randomNumber(minPoint_, maxPoint_);
+
+		if (isInside(p))
+			return p;
+	}
+
+	fatalErrorInFunction << "cannot peek a random point from geometricRegion "
+	                    << typeName() << endl;
+	fatalExit;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+template<typename GeomType>
+bool
+pFlow::geometricRegion<GeomType>::read(const dictionary& dict)
+{
+	return geom_.read(dict);
+}
+
+template<typename GeomType>
+bool
+pFlow::geometricRegion<GeomType>::write(dictionary& dict) const
+{
+	return geom_.write(dict);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/geometricRegion/geometricRegion.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/geometricRegion/geometricRegion.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b598a36b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/geometricRegion/geometricRegion.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __geometricRegion_hpp__
+#define __geometricRegion_hpp__
+
+
+#include "dictionary.hpp"
+#include "uniformRandomReal.hpp"
+#include "typeInfo.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+template<typename GeomType>
+class geometricRegion
+{
+public:
+
+	using GeometryType = GeomType;
+
+private:
+
+	GeomType                  geom_;
+
+	realx3                    minPoint_;
+
+	realx3                    maxPoint_;
+
+	mutable uniformRandomReal random_;
+
+	static constexpr uint32   maxTries_ = 100;
+
+public:
+
+	// - type info
+	TypeInfoTemplateNV11("geometricRegion", GeomType);
+
+	explicit geometricRegion(const dictionary& dict);
+
+	~geometricRegion() = default;
+
+	//// - methods
+	bool   isInside(const realx3& p) const;
+
+	realx3 peek() const;
+
+	const auto& minPoint()const
+	{
+		return minPoint_;
+	}
+
+	const auto& maxPoint()const
+	{
+		return maxPoint_;
+	}
+
+	//// IO operation
+	bool   read(const dictionary& dict);
+
+	bool   write(dictionary& dict) const;
+};
+
+} // namespace pFlow
+
+#include "geometricRegion.cpp"
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/geometricRegion/geometricRegions.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/geometricRegion/geometricRegions.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..91077be9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/geometricRegion/geometricRegions.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+
+
+#include "geometricRegions.hpp"
+
+
+template class pFlow::geometricRegion<pFlow::box>;
+
+template class pFlow::geometricRegion<pFlow::sphere>;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/geometricRegion/geometricRegions.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/geometricRegion/geometricRegions.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0ff5fc61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/geometricRegion/geometricRegions.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __geometricRegions_hpp__
+#define __geometricRegions_hpp__
+
+#include "geometricRegion.hpp"
+#include "box.hpp"
+#include "sphere.hpp"
+#include "cylinder.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+using boxRegion = geometricRegion<box>;
+
+using sphereRegion = geometricRegion<sphere>;
+
+using cylinderRegion = geometricRegion<cylinder>;
+
+}
+
+#endif //__geometricRegions_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/boxRegion/boxRegion.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/old/boxRegion/boxRegion.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/boxRegion/boxRegion.cpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/old/boxRegion/boxRegion.cpp
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/boxRegion/boxRegion.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/old/boxRegion/boxRegion.hpp
similarity index 100%
rename from src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/boxRegion/boxRegion.hpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/old/boxRegion/boxRegion.hpp
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/cylinderRegion/cylinderRegion.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/old/cylinderRegion/cylinderRegion.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/cylinderRegion/cylinderRegion.cpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/old/cylinderRegion/cylinderRegion.cpp
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/cylinderRegion/cylinderRegion.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/old/cylinderRegion/cylinderRegion.hpp
similarity index 100%
rename from src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/cylinderRegion/cylinderRegion.hpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/old/cylinderRegion/cylinderRegion.hpp
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/sphereRegion/sphereRegion.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/old/sphereRegion/sphereRegion.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/sphereRegion/sphereRegion.cpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/old/sphereRegion/sphereRegion.cpp
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/sphereRegion/sphereRegion.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/old/sphereRegion/sphereRegion.hpp
similarity index 100%
rename from src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/sphereRegion/sphereRegion.hpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/old/sphereRegion/sphereRegion.hpp
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/peakableRegion/peakableRegion.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/peakableRegion/peakableRegion.cpp
index fb36b661..0693431a 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/peakableRegion/peakableRegion.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/peakableRegion/peakableRegion.cpp
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
 #include "peakableRegion.hpp"
 #include "dictionary.hpp"
 
 pFlow::peakableRegion::peakableRegion
 (
-	const word& type, const dictionary& dict
+	const word& type, 
+	const dictionary& dict
 )
 {
 	CONSUME_PARAM(type);
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::peakableRegion> pFlow::peakableRegion::create
 	const word& type,
 	const dictionary& dict
 )
-{
-	word regionType = angleBracketsNames("peakableRegion", type);
+{ 
+	word regionType = angleBracketsNames("peakable", type);
 
 	if( wordvCtorSelector_.search(regionType) )
 	{
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::peakableRegion> pFlow::peakableRegion::create
 	{
 		printKeys
 		( 
-			fatalError << "Ctor Selector "<< regionType << " dose not exist. \n"
+			fatalError << "Ctor Selector "<< regionType << " does not exist. \n"
 			<<"Avaiable ones are: \n\n"
 			,
 			wordvCtorSelector_
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/peakableRegion/peakableRegion.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/peakableRegion/peakableRegion.hpp
index 7f573572..14378494 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/peakableRegion/peakableRegion.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/peakableRegion/peakableRegion/peakableRegion.hpp
@@ -2,81 +2,76 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
 #ifndef __peakableRegion_hpp__
 #define __peakableRegion_hpp__
 
 #include "types.hpp"
 #include "virtualConstructor.hpp"
 
-
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-
 class dictionary;
 
 class peakableRegion
 {
-protected:
-
-	
 public:
 
 	// type info
 	TypeInfo("peakableRegion");
 
-		peakableRegion(const word& type, const dictionary& dict);
+	peakableRegion(const word& type, const dictionary& dict);
 
-		create_vCtor(
-			peakableRegion,
-			word,
-			(const word& type, const dictionary& dict),
-			(type, dict)
-			);
+	create_vCtor(
+	    peakableRegion,
+	    word,
+	    (const word& type, const dictionary& dict),
+	    (type, dict)
+	);
 
-		virtual uniquePtr<peakableRegion> clone()const = 0;
-		
-		virtual peakableRegion* clonePtr()const = 0;
+	virtual uniquePtr<peakableRegion> clone() const = 0;
 
-		virtual ~peakableRegion() = default;
+	virtual peakableRegion*           clonePtr() const = 0;
+
+	virtual ~peakableRegion() = default;
 
 	//// - Methods
 
-		virtual bool  isInside(const realx3& point)const = 0;
+	virtual bool   isInside(const realx3& point) const = 0;
 
-		virtual realx3 peek()const = 0;
+	virtual realx3 peek() const = 0;
 
+	virtual const realx3& minPoint()const = 0;
 
-	//// - IO operatoins 
+	virtual const realx3& maxPoint()const = 0;
 
-		virtual bool read(const dictionary& dict) = 0;
+	//// - IO operatoins
 
-		virtual bool write(dictionary& dict)const = 0;
+	virtual bool   read(const dictionary& dict) = 0;
 
-	// - static create 
-	static uniquePtr<peakableRegion> 
-		create(const word& type, const dictionary& dict);
+	virtual bool   write(dictionary& dict) const = 0;
 
+	// - static create
+	static uniquePtr<peakableRegion>
+	create(const word& type, const dictionary& dict);
 };
 
-} // pFlow
-
+} // namespace pFlow
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/plane/plane.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/plane/plane.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..547c9cc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/plane/plane.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "plane.hpp"
+
+pFlow::plane::plane
+(
+	const realx3& p1, 
+	const realx3& p2, 
+	const realx3& p3, 
+	const realx3& p4
+)
+:
+	infinitePlane(p1,p2,p3),
+	p1_(p1),
+	p2_(p2),
+	p3_(p3),
+	p4_(p4)
+{
+
+	if(!pointOnPlane(p4))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"points "<< realx4x3(p1,p2,p3,p4)<<" do not form a planner surface"<<endl;
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+}
+
+
+pFlow::plane pFlow::plane::parallelPlane(real distance)const
+{
+	auto pp1 = line(normal_, p1_, true).point(distance);
+	auto pp2 = line(normal_, p2_, true).point(distance);
+	auto pp3 = line(normal_, p3_, true).point(distance);
+	auto pp4 = line(normal_, p4_, true).point(distance);
+
+	return plane(pp1, pp2, pp3, pp4);
+}
+
+bool pFlow::plane::validPlane4(
+    const realx3 &p1,
+    const realx3 &p2,
+    const realx3 &p3,
+    const realx3 &p4)
+{
+	if( !validPlane3(p1,p2,p3)) return false;
+	if( !infinitePlane(p1,p2,p3).pointOnPlane(p4)) return false;
+	return true;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/plane/plane.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/plane/plane.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9c8f23e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/plane/plane.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __plane_hpp__
+#define __plane_hpp__
+
+#include "infinitePlane.hpp"
+#include "line.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class plane
+:
+	public infinitePlane
+{
+private:
+	
+	/// First point 
+	realx3 p1_;
+	
+	/// Second point 
+	realx3 p2_;
+	
+	/// Third point 
+	realx3 p3_;
+	
+	/// Fourth point 
+	realx3 p4_;
+
+public:
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	plane(){}
+
+	plane(
+		const realx3& p1, 
+		const realx3& p2, 
+		const realx3& p3, 
+		const realx3& p4);
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	plane(const plane&) = default;
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	plane(plane&&) = default;
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	plane& operator = (const plane&) = default;
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	plane& operator =( plane&&)=default;
+	
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	~plane()=default;
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	const realx3& p1()const
+	{
+		return p1_;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	const realx3& p2()const
+	{
+		return p2_;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	const realx3& p3()const
+	{
+		return p3_;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	const realx3& p4()const
+	{
+		return p4_;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	line line1()const
+	{
+		return line(p1_,p2_);
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	line line2()const
+	{
+		return line(p2_,p3_);
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	line line3()const
+	{
+		return line(p3_,p4_);
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	line line4()const
+	{
+		return line(p4_,p1_);
+	}
+
+	// return the parallel plane to this plane 
+	plane parallelPlane(real distance)const;
+
+	infinitePlane infPlane()const
+	{
+		return infinitePlane(normal(), d());
+	}
+
+
+	static 
+	bool validPlane4(
+		const realx3& p1, 
+		const realx3& p2, 
+		const realx3& p3, 
+		const realx3& p4);
+
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif //__plane_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/internalPoints.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/internalPoints.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0ea527f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/internalPoints.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,597 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "Time.hpp"
+#include "internalPoints.hpp"
+#include "domain.hpp"
+#include "Vectors.hpp"
+#include "anyList.hpp"
+#include "internalPointsKernels.hpp"
+
+void pFlow::internalPoints::syncPFlag()const
+{
+	if(!pFlagSync_)
+	{
+		pFlagsH_ = pFlagsD_.clone<DefaultHostExecutionSpace>();
+		pFlagSync_ = true;
+	}
+}
+
+bool pFlow::internalPoints::deletePoints(const uint32Vector_D& delPoints)
+{
+	
+	if(delPoints.empty())return true;
+
+	auto oldRange = pFlagsD_.activeRange();
+	auto oldSize  = size();
+
+    if(!pFlagsD_.deletePoints(delPoints.deviceView()))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"Error in deleting points from internal points"<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+	unSyncFlag();
+	
+	auto newRange = pFlagsD_.activeRange();
+	auto newSize  = size();
+
+	anyList varList;
+
+	varList.emplaceBack(
+		message::eventName(message::ITEM_DELETE), 
+		delPoints);
+	message msg(message::ITEM_DELETE);
+
+	if(oldSize!= newSize)
+	{
+		msg.add(message::SIZE_CHANGED); 
+		varList.emplaceBack(
+			message::eventName(message::SIZE_CHANGED),
+			newSize);
+	}
+	
+	if(oldRange!=newRange)
+	{
+		msg.add(message::RANGE_CHANGED);
+		varList.emplaceBack(
+			message::eventName(message::RANGE_CHANGED),
+			newRange);
+	}
+	auto iter = time().currentIter();
+	auto t = time().currentTime();
+	auto dt = time().dt();
+
+	if( !notify(iter, t, dt, msg, varList) )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::internalPoints::changePointsFlagPosition
+(
+	const uint32Vector_D& changePoints,
+	realx3 transferVector, 
+	uint32 fromBoundaryIndex,
+	uint32 toBoundaryIndex
+)
+{
+	if(toBoundaryIndex>5)
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"Invalid boundary index "<< toBoundaryIndex<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// change the flag 
+	pFlagsD_.changeFlags(changePoints.deviceView(), toBoundaryIndex);
+	unSyncFlag();
+
+	// change the position 
+	pFlow::internalPointsKernels::changePosition
+	(
+		pointPosition_.deviceViewAll(),
+		changePoints.deviceView(),
+		transferVector
+	);
+
+	anyList varList;
+	message msg;
+	
+	varList.emplaceBack(
+		message::eventName(message::ITEM_FLAGCHANGED),
+		changePoints);
+	varList.emplaceBack("fromBoundaryIndex", fromBoundaryIndex);
+	varList.emplaceBack("toBoundaryIndex", toBoundaryIndex);
+
+	msg.add(message::ITEM_FLAGCHANGED);
+
+	if( !notify(
+		time().currentIter(), 
+		time().currentTime(), 
+		time().dt(),
+		msg,
+		varList))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"Error in notify for item transfer from "<< fromBoundaryIndex<<
+		" to "<<toBoundaryIndex<< " boundary"<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::internalPoints::sortPoints(const uint32IndexContainer &sortedIndices)
+{
+	if(!pointPosition_.reorderItems(sortedIndices))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		return false;
+	}
+    
+	pFlagsD_.resetFlags(pFlagsD_.capacity(), 0u, sortedIndices.size());
+	unSyncFlag();
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+pFlow::internalPoints::internalPoints()
+    : subscriber("internalPoints"),
+      pointPosition_("internalPoints", "internalPoints", initialCapacity_, 0, RESERVE()),
+      pFlagsD_(initialCapacity_, 0, 0)
+{}
+
+
+pFlow::internalPoints::internalPoints
+(
+	const realx3Vector& posVec
+)
+:
+	subscriber("internalPoints"),
+	pointPosition_
+	(
+		"internalPoints", 
+		"internalPoints", 
+		posVec.capacity(), 
+		0, 
+		RESERVE()
+	),
+	pFlagsD_
+	(
+		static_cast<uint32>(posVec.capacity()), 
+		static_cast<uint32>(0),
+		static_cast<uint32>(posVec.size())
+	)
+{
+
+	pointPosition_.assign(posVec);
+
+}
+
+
+const pFlow::pFlagTypeDevice& 
+	pFlow::internalPoints::activePointsMaskDevice() const 
+{
+	return pFlagsD_;
+}
+
+
+const pFlow::pFlagTypeHost&
+	pFlow::internalPoints::activePointsMaskHost() const
+{
+	syncPFlag();
+	return pFlagsH_;
+}
+
+
+const typename pFlow::internalPoints::PointsType& 
+    pFlow::internalPoints::pointPosition()const
+{
+    return pointPosition_;
+}
+
+
+typename pFlow::internalPoints::PointsType&
+	pFlow::internalPoints::pointPosition()
+{
+    return pointPosition_;
+}
+
+typename pFlow::internalPoints::PointsTypeHost
+    pFlow::internalPoints::activePointsHost() const
+{
+    auto maskH = activePointsMaskHost();
+    auto pointsH = pointPositionHost();
+
+	PointsTypeHost aPoints
+	(
+		pointPosition_.name(),
+		pointPosition_.fieldKey(),
+		maskH.numActive(), 
+		maskH.numActive(),
+		RESERVE()
+	);
+
+    auto aRange = maskH.activeRange();
+    uint32 n = 0;
+	
+    for(auto i=aRange.start(); i<aRange.end(); i++)
+    {
+
+        if( maskH.isActive(i) )
+        {
+            aPoints[n] = pointsH[i];
+            n++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return aPoints;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::internalPoints::deletePoints
+(
+	scatteredFieldAccess<uint32, memory_space> delPoints
+)
+{
+	if(!pFlagsD_.deletePoints(delPoints))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"Error in deleting points from internal points"<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+	unSyncFlag();
+	WARNING<<"Notify the observersin in internalPoints"<<END_WARNING;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+pFlow::uint32 pFlow::internalPoints::updateFlag
+(
+	const domain& dm, 
+	const std::array<real,6>& dist
+)
+{
+	unSyncFlag();
+	return pFlagsD_.markPointRegions
+	(
+		dm,
+		pointPosition_.deviceViewAll(),
+		dist[0],
+		dist[1],
+		dist[2],
+		dist[3],
+		dist[4],
+		dist[5]
+	);	
+}
+
+void pFlow::internalPoints::fillNeighborsLists
+(
+	ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> leftList, 
+	ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> rightList, 
+	ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> bottomList, 
+	ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> topList, 
+	ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> rearList, 
+	ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> frontList
+)
+{
+	pFlagsD_.fillNeighborsLists(
+		leftList,
+		rightList,
+		bottomList,
+		topList,
+		rearList,
+		frontList);
+		
+}
+
+bool
+pFlow::internalPoints::insertPoints(
+  const realx3Vector& points,
+  anyList&            varList
+)
+{
+	uint32 numNew = static_cast<uint32>(points.size());
+
+	auto aRange = pFlagsD_.activeRange();
+	uint32 emptySpots = pFlagsD_.capacity() - pFlagsD_.numActive();
+
+    if(emptySpots!= 0) emptySpots--;
+
+	message msg;
+
+	if( numNew > emptySpots )
+	{
+		// increase the capacity to hold new points 
+		aRange = pFlagsD_.activeRange();
+		uint32 newCap = pFlagsD_.changeCapacity(numNew);
+		unSyncFlag();
+		varList.emplaceBack(
+			msg.addAndName(message::CAP_CHANGED),
+			newCap);
+	}
+	
+	
+	// first check if it is possible to add to the beggining of list
+	if(numNew <= aRange.start())
+	{
+		varList.emplaceBack<uint32IndexContainer>(
+			msg.addAndName(message::ITEM_INSERT),
+			0u, numNew);
+	}
+	// check if it is possible to add to the end of the list  
+	else if( numNew <= pFlagsD_.capacity() - aRange.end() )
+	{	 	
+		varList.emplaceBack<uint32IndexContainer>(
+			msg.addAndName(message::ITEM_INSERT),
+			aRange.end(), aRange.end()+numNew);
+	}
+	// we should fill the scattered empty spots
+	else
+	{
+		auto newIndices = pFlagsD_.getEmptyPoints(numNew);
+		if(numNew != newIndices.size())
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<"not enough empty points in pointFlag"<<
+			numNew<< " "<<newIndices.size() <<endl;
+			pOutput<< pFlagsD_.capacity()<<endl;
+			pOutput<< pFlagsD_.numActive()<<endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+		
+		varList.emplaceBack<uint32IndexContainer>(
+			msg.addAndName(message::ITEM_INSERT),
+			newIndices
+		);
+	}
+
+	const auto& indices = varList.getObject<uint32IndexContainer>(
+		message::eventName(message::ITEM_INSERT)
+	);
+
+	auto nAdded = pFlagsD_.addInternalPoints(indices.deviceView());
+	unSyncFlag();
+
+	if(nAdded != numNew )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	pointPosition_.reserve( pFlagsD_.capacity() );
+	if(!pointPosition_.insertSetElement(indices, points))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"Error in inserting new positions into pointPosition"<<
+		" internalPoints field"<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	auto newARange = pFlagsD_.activeRange();
+
+	if( aRange.end() != newARange.end() )
+	{
+		varList.emplaceBack(
+			msg.addAndName(message::RANGE_CHANGED),
+			newARange);
+		varList.emplaceBack(
+			msg.addAndName(message::SIZE_CHANGED),
+			newARange.end());
+	}
+	else if(aRange.start() != newARange.start())
+	{
+		varList.emplaceBack(
+			msg.addAndName(message::RANGE_CHANGED),
+			newARange);
+	}
+	
+	auto tInfo = time().TimeInfo();
+
+	if(!notify(
+		tInfo.iter(),
+		tInfo.t(),
+		tInfo.dt(),
+		msg, 
+		varList))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"Error in notifying observers of "<< subscriberName()<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::internalPoints::insertPointsOnly(
+	const realx3Vector_D &points,
+	message& msg, 
+	anyList &varList
+)
+{
+
+	uint32 numNew = static_cast<uint32>(points.size());
+
+	auto aRange = pFlagsD_.activeRange();
+	uint32 emptySpots = pFlagsD_.capacity() - pFlagsD_.numActive();
+
+	if(emptySpots!= 0) emptySpots--;
+	
+	if( numNew > emptySpots )
+	{
+		// increase the capacity to hold new points 
+		aRange = pFlagsD_.activeRange();
+		uint32 newCap = pFlagsD_.changeCapacity(numNew);
+		unSyncFlag();
+		varList.emplaceBack(
+			msg.addAndName(message::CAP_CHANGED),
+			newCap);
+	}
+	
+	
+	// first check if it is possible to add to the beggining of list
+	if(numNew <= aRange.start())
+	{
+		varList.emplaceBack<uint32IndexContainer>(
+			msg.addAndName(message::ITEM_INSERT),
+			0u, numNew);
+	}// check if it is possible to add to the end of the list  
+	else if( numNew <= pFlagsD_.capacity() - aRange.end() )
+	{	 	
+		varList.emplaceBack<uint32IndexContainer>(
+			msg.addAndName(message::ITEM_INSERT),
+			aRange.end(), aRange.end()+numNew);
+	}// we should fill the scattered empty spots
+	else
+	{
+		
+		auto newIndices = pFlagsD_.getEmptyPoints(numNew);
+		if(numNew != newIndices.size())
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<"not enough empty points in pointFlag"<<
+			numNew<< " "<<newIndices.size() <<endl;
+			pOutput<< pFlagsD_.capacity()<<endl;
+			pOutput<< pFlagsD_.numActive()<<endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+		
+		varList.emplaceBack<uint32IndexContainer>(
+			msg.addAndName(message::ITEM_INSERT),
+			newIndices
+		);
+	}
+
+	const auto& indices = varList.getObject<uint32IndexContainer>(
+		message::eventName(message::ITEM_INSERT)
+	);
+
+	auto nAdded = pFlagsD_.addInternalPoints(indices.deviceView());
+	unSyncFlag();
+
+	if(nAdded != numNew )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	pointPosition_.reserve( pFlagsD_.capacity() );
+
+	if(!pointPosition_.insertSetElement(indices, points.deviceView()))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"Error in inserting new positions into pointPosition"<<
+		" internalPoints field"<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	auto newARange = pFlagsD_.activeRange();
+
+	if( aRange.end() != newARange.end() )
+	{
+		varList.emplaceBack(
+			msg.addAndName(message::RANGE_CHANGED),
+			newARange);
+		varList.emplaceBack(
+			msg.addAndName(message::SIZE_CHANGED),
+			newARange.end());
+	}
+	else if(aRange.start() != newARange.start())
+	{
+		varList.emplaceBack(
+			msg.addAndName(message::RANGE_CHANGED),
+			newARange);
+	}
+	
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::internalPoints::read
+(
+	iIstream& is
+)
+{
+	
+	PointsTypeHost fRead(pointPosition_.name(), pointPosition_.fieldKey());
+
+	if( !fRead.read(is))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"Error in reading pointPosition from stream "<< is.name()<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	pointPosition_.assignFromHost(fRead);
+
+	pFlagsD_ = pFlagTypeDevice(pointPosition_.capacity(), 0, pointPosition_.size());
+	unSyncFlag();
+	syncPFlag();
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+
+bool pFlow::internalPoints::write
+(
+	iOstream& os
+)const
+{
+	auto aPoints = this->activePointsHost();
+	return aPoints.write(os);
+}
+
+
+bool pFlow::internalPoints::read
+(
+	iIstream& is, 
+	const IOPattern& iop
+)
+{
+	
+	PointsTypeHost fRead(pointPosition_.name(), pointPosition_.fieldKey());
+
+	if( !fRead.read(is, iop))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"Error in reading pointPosition from stream "<< is.name()<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	pointPosition_.assignFromHost(fRead);
+
+	createDeviceFlag(pointPosition_.capacity(), 0, pointPosition_.size());
+	syncPFlag();
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::internalPoints::write
+(
+	iOstream& os, 
+	const IOPattern& iop
+)const
+{
+	auto aPoints = activePointsHost();
+	return aPoints.write(os,iop);	
+}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/internalPoints.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/internalPoints.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c03a027d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/internalPoints.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __internalPoints_hpp__
+#define __internalPoints_hpp__
+
+#include "subscriber.hpp"
+#include "Vectors.hpp"
+#include "VectorSingles.hpp"
+#include "Fields.hpp"
+#include "pointFlag.hpp"
+
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class domain;
+class boundaryBase;
+class Time; 
+
+class internalPoints
+:
+	public subscriber
+{
+public:
+	
+	inline static const uint32 initialCapacity_ = 10000;
+
+	using PointsType 		= realx3Field_D;
+
+	using PointsTypeHost 	= typename PointsType::FieldTypeHost;
+
+	using device_type 		= typename PointsType::device_type;
+
+	using memory_space 		= typename PointsType::memory_space;
+
+	using execution_space 	= typename PointsType::execution_space;
+
+private:
+
+	//// - friend et al.
+	
+		friend boundaryBase;
+
+	//// - data members
+
+		/// Position of points on device
+		PointsType 					pointPosition_;
+
+		/// flag of points on device
+		mutable pFlagTypeDevice 	pFlagsD_;
+
+		/// flag of points on host
+		mutable pFlagTypeHost 		pFlagsH_;
+
+		/// if both host and device flags sync
+		mutable bool 				pFlagSync_ = false;
+	
+	//// - protected members		
+
+		bool deletePoints(const uint32Vector_D& delPoints);
+
+		bool changePointsFlagPosition(
+			const uint32Vector_D& changePoints,
+			realx3 transferVector, 
+			uint32 fromBoundaryIndex,
+			uint32 toBoundaryIndex);
+
+
+protected:
+	
+	void syncPFlag()const;
+
+	inline
+	void unSyncFlag()
+	{
+		pFlagSync_ = false;
+	}
+
+	inline 
+	void createDeviceFlag(uint32 cap, uint32 start, uint32 end)
+	{
+		unSyncFlag();
+		pFlagsD_ = pFlagTypeDevice(cap, start, end);
+	}
+
+	bool sortPoints(const uint32IndexContainer& sortedIndices);
+
+public:
+
+	//friend class dynamicinternalPoints;
+	
+	// - type info
+	TypeInfo("internalPoints");
+	
+
+	//// - Constructors 
+
+		// - an empty internalPoints, good for reading from file 
+		internalPoints();
+
+		
+		/// Construct from point positions, assume all points are active
+		explicit internalPoints(const realx3Vector& posVec);
+
+		/// No Copy construct
+		internalPoints(const internalPoints&) = delete;
+
+		/// Move construct 
+		internalPoints(internalPoints&&) = default;
+
+		/// No Copy assignment 
+		internalPoints& operator=(const internalPoints&) = delete;
+
+		/// Move assignment 
+		internalPoints& operator=(internalPoints&&) = default;
+
+		/// Destructor 
+		~internalPoints()override = default;
+
+
+	//// - Methods
+		
+		const pFlagTypeDevice& activePointsMaskDevice()const;
+
+		
+		const pFlagTypeHost& activePointsMaskHost()const;
+
+		// - Const access pointPosition
+		const PointsType& pointPosition()const;
+		
+		
+        PointsType& pointPosition();
+
+        inline
+        auto pointPositionHost()const
+        {
+            return pointPosition_.hostView();
+        }
+
+        inline
+        auto pointPositionDevice()const
+        {
+            return pointPosition_.deviceView();
+        }
+
+		PointsTypeHost activePointsHost()const;
+
+		// - size of data structure
+		inline
+		uint32 size()const
+		{
+			return pFlagsD_.activeRange_.end();
+		}
+		
+		// - maximum capacity of data structure 
+		inline
+		uint32 capacity()const
+		{
+			return pFlagsD_.capacity();
+		}
+
+		inline
+		bool empty()const
+		{
+			return size()==0u;
+		}
+		
+		// - number of active points 
+		inline
+		uint32 numActive() const
+		{
+			return pFlagsD_.numActive();
+		}
+				
+		// - if all points are active 
+		inline
+		bool isAllActive()const
+		{
+			return pFlagsD_.isAllActive();
+		}
+
+		inline
+		auto activeRange()const
+		{
+			return pFlagsD_.activeRange();
+		}
+		
+		virtual 
+		Time& time() = 0;
+
+		virtual
+		const Time& time() const = 0;
+
+		virtual 
+		boundaryBase& boundary(size_t boundaryIndex ) = 0;
+
+		virtual 
+		const boundaryBase& boundary(size_t boundaryIndex ) const = 0;
+
+		///@brief delete points at indices given in delPoints.
+		/// The default is that delPoints contains sorted indices 
+		
+		bool deletePoints(
+			scatteredFieldAccess<uint32, memory_space> delPoints);
+		
+		
+		uint32 updateFlag(
+			const domain& dm, 
+			const std::array<real,6>& dist);
+		
+		
+		void fillNeighborsLists(
+			ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> leftList,
+			ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> rightList,
+			ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> bottomList,
+			ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> topList,
+			ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> rearList,
+			ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> frontList);
+		
+		
+		bool insertPoints(const realx3Vector& points, anyList& varList);
+
+		bool insertPointsOnly(const realx3Vector_D& points, message& msg, anyList& varList);
+		
+	
+	//// - IO operations 
+		
+		/// Read 
+		bool read(iIstream& is);
+		
+
+		/// Write 
+		bool write(iOstream& os)const;
+
+		/// Read 
+		bool read(iIstream& is, const IOPattern& iop);
+		
+
+		/// Write 
+		bool write(iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop)const;	
+
+};
+
+inline
+iOstream& operator<<(iOstream& os, const internalPoints& ip)
+{
+	if( !ip.write(os) )
+	{
+		ioErrorInFile(os.name(), os.lineNumber());
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+	return os;
+}
+
+} // pFlow
+
+
+#endif //__internalPoints_hpp__
+
diff --git a/src/Particles/particles/particleIdHandler.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/internalPointsKernels.cpp
similarity index 65%
rename from src/Particles/particles/particleIdHandler.cpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/internalPointsKernels.cpp
index 71dec22a..e5061d2a 100644
--- a/src/Particles/particles/particleIdHandler.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/internalPointsKernels.cpp
@@ -18,41 +18,27 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-#include "particleIdHandler.hpp"
+#include "internalPointsKernels.hpp"
 
-
-
-pFlow::particleIdHandler::particleIdHandler(int32PointField_HD & id)
+void pFlow::internalPointsKernels::changePosition
+(
+    deviceViewType1D<realx3> points,
+    deviceViewType1D<uint32> indices, 
+    realx3 transferVector
+)
 {
-	int32 maxID = maxActive<DeviceSide>(id);
-
-	if( maxID != -1 	 && id.size() == 0 )
-	{
-		nextId_ = 0;
-	}
-	else if( maxID == -1 && id.size()>0 )
-	{
-
-		nextId_ = 0; 
-		id.modifyOnHost();
-
-		ForAll(i,id)
-		{
-			if(id.isActive(i))
-			{
-				id[i] = getNextId();	
-			}
-		}
-
-		id.syncViews();
-	}
-	else if( maxID >= static_cast<int32>(id.size()) )
-	{
-		nextId_ = maxID + 1;
-	}
-	else
-	{
-		nextId_ = id.size();
-	}
-}
+    auto s = static_cast<uint32>(indices.size());
+    if(s==0u)return;
 
+    Kokkos::parallel_for
+    (
+        "internalPointsKernels::changePosition",
+        deviceRPolicyStatic(0u, s),
+        LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i)
+        {   
+            points[indices[i]] += transferVector;
+        }
+    );
+    Kokkos::fence();
+    
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/Particles/particles/demParticles.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/internalPointsKernels.hpp
similarity index 79%
rename from src/Particles/particles/demParticles.hpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/internalPointsKernels.hpp
index 9afd2f62..2b31f294 100644
--- a/src/Particles/particles/demParticles.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/internalPointsKernels.hpp
@@ -18,30 +18,14 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
+#include "phasicFlowKokkos.hpp"
 
-#ifndef __demParticles_hpp__ 
-#define __demParticles_hpp__
-
-#include "demComponent.hpp"
-
-namespace pFlow
+namespace pFlow::internalPointsKernels
 {
 
+void changePosition(
+    deviceViewType1D<realx3> points,
+    deviceViewType1D<uint32> indices,
+    realx3 transferVector);
 
-class demParticles
-:
-	public demComponent
-{
-
-public:
-
-	demParticles(systemControl& control):
-		demComponent("particles", control)
-	{}
-
-
-};
-
-}
-
-#endif
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/pointFlag.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/pointFlag.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..609bd0f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/pointFlag.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __pointFlag_hpp__
+#define __pointFlag_hpp__
+
+#include "phasicFlowKokkos.hpp"
+#include "domain.hpp"
+#include "scatteredFieldAccess.hpp"
+#include "globalSettings.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+template<typename ExecutionSpace>
+class pointFlag
+{
+	enum Flag: uint8
+	{
+		DELETED 	= 1, 	//00000001
+		INTERNAL 	= 2,	//00000010
+		LEFT 		= 4,	//00000100
+		RIGHT 		= 8,    //00001000
+		BOTTOM 		= 16,	//00010000
+		TOP 		= 32,	//00100000
+		REAR 		= 64, 	//01000000
+		FRONT 		= 128	//10000000
+	};
+
+	using execution_space 	= ExecutionSpace;
+
+	using memory_space 		= typename execution_space::memory_space;
+
+	using viewType 			= ViewType1D<uint8, memory_space>;
+
+	using device_type 		= typename viewType::device_type;
+
+	using rPolicy = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
+		execution_space,  
+		Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>>;
+
+protected:
+	
+	friend class internalPoints;
+
+	viewType 	flags_;
+
+	uint32 		numActive_ 		= 0;
+
+	rangeU32 	activeRange_ 	= {0,0};
+
+	bool 		isAllActive_	= false;
+
+	uint32 		nLeft_ 	= 0;
+
+	uint32 		nRight_ = 0;
+
+	uint32 		nBottom_= 0;
+
+	uint32 		nTop_ 	= 0;
+
+	uint32 		nRear_ 	= 0;
+
+	uint32 		nFront_ = 0;
+
+	//- Protected methods 
+
+	uint8 getBoundaryFlag(uint32 index)const
+	{
+		uint8 flg;
+		switch (index){
+			case 0u:
+				flg = Flag::LEFT;
+				break;
+			case 1u:
+				flg = Flag::RIGHT;
+				break;
+			case 2u:
+				flg = Flag::BOTTOM;
+				break;
+			case 3u:
+				flg = Flag::TOP;
+				break;
+			case 4u:
+				flg = Flag::REAR;
+				break;
+			case 5u:
+				flg = Flag::FRONT;
+				break;
+			default:
+				flg=0;
+		}
+
+		return flg;
+	}
+
+	void resetFlags(uint32 cap, uint32 start, uint32 end)
+	{
+		if(cap != capacity() )
+		{
+			reallocFill(flags_, cap, static_cast<uint8>(Flag::DELETED));
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			fill(flags_, end, cap, static_cast<uint8>(Flag::DELETED));
+		}
+
+		activeRange_ = {start, end};
+		numActive_ = activeRange_.numElements();
+		isAllActive_ = true;
+		fill(flags_, activeRange_, static_cast<uint8>(Flag::INTERNAL));
+
+		nLeft_ = nRight_ = 0;
+		nBottom_ = nTop_ = 0;
+		nRear_ = nFront_ = 0;
+	}
+
+public:
+
+
+	pointFlag() = default;
+
+	pointFlag(uint32 capacity, uint32 start, uint32 end )
+	:
+		flags_("pointFlag", capacity ),
+		numActive_(end-start),
+		activeRange_(start, end),
+		isAllActive_(true)
+	{
+		fill(flags_, end, capacity, static_cast<uint8>(Flag::DELETED));
+		fill(flags_, activeRange_, static_cast<uint8>(Flag::INTERNAL));
+	}
+
+	pointFlag(
+		viewType 	flags,
+		uint32 		numActive,
+		rangeU32 	activeRange,
+		bool 		isAllActive)
+	:
+		flags_(flags),
+		numActive_(numActive),
+		activeRange_(activeRange),
+		isAllActive_(isAllActive)
+	{}
+
+	pointFlag(const pointFlag&) = default;
+
+	pointFlag& operator=(const pointFlag&) = default;
+
+	pointFlag(pointFlag&&) = default;
+
+	pointFlag& operator=(pointFlag&&) = default;
+
+	~pointFlag() = default;	
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	bool isAllActive()const
+	{
+		return isAllActive_;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	const auto& activeRange()const
+	{
+		return activeRange_;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	uint32 capacity()const
+	{
+		return flags_.extent(0);
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	auto numActive()const
+	{
+		return numActive_;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	auto leftSize()const
+	{
+		return nLeft_;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	auto rightSize()const
+	{
+		return nRight_;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	auto bottomSize()const
+	{
+		return nBottom_;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	auto topSize()const
+	{
+		return nTop_;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	auto rearSize()const
+	{
+		return nRear_;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	auto frontSize()const
+	{
+		return nFront_;
+	}
+
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	bool operator()(uint32 i)const
+	{
+		return isActive(i);
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	bool isActive(uint32 i)const
+	{
+		return flags_[i] > DELETED;
+	}
+
+	
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	bool isBoundary(uint8 flg)const
+	{
+		return flg > INTERNAL;
+	}
+
+	
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	bool isLeft(uint8 flg)const
+	{
+		return flg&LEFT;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	bool isRight(uint8 flg)const
+	{
+		return flg&RIGHT;
+	}
+
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	bool isBottom(uint8 flg)const
+	{
+		return flg&BOTTOM;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	bool isTop(uint8 flg)const
+	{
+		return flg&TOP;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	bool isRear(uint8 flg)const
+	{
+		return flg&REAR;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	bool isFront(uint8 flg)const
+	{
+		return flg&FRONT;
+	}
+
+	template<typename ExeSpace>
+	pointFlag<ExeSpace> clone()const
+	{
+		using newViewType = ViewType1D<uint8, typename ExeSpace::memory_space>;
+		newViewType newFlags(
+			"pointFlag",
+			flags_.size());
+
+		copy(newFlags, flags_);
+
+		return pointFlag<ExeSpace>(
+			newFlags,
+			numActive_,
+			activeRange_,
+			isAllActive_);
+	}
+
+	ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> getActivePoints();
+
+
+	ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> getEmptyPoints(uint32 numToGet)const;
+	
+
+	/// @brief Loop over the active points and mark those out of the box
+	/// and return number of deleted points 
+	/// @param validBox the box whose inside is valid 
+	/// @param points list of all points 
+	/// @return number of deleted points 
+	uint32 markOutOfBoxDelete(
+		const box& validBox,
+		ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space> points);
+
+	uint32 addInternalPoints(
+		const ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space>& points);
+
+	bool deletePoints(
+		scatteredFieldAccess<uint32, memory_space> points);
+
+	bool deletePoints(
+		ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> points);
+	
+	bool changeFlags(
+		ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> changePoints, 
+		uint32 boundaryIndex);
+	
+	/// @brief mark points based on their position in the domain.
+	/// This should be the first method to be called when updating
+	/// boundaries (step 1 of 2).
+	/// @param dm the domain for which particles are tested 
+	/// @param points list of points 
+	/// @param leftLength neighbor length of the left face 
+	/// @param rightLength neighbor length of the right face 
+	/// @param bottomLength neighbor length of the bottom face 
+	/// @param topLength neighbor length of the top face 
+	/// @param rearLength neighbor length of the rear face 
+	/// @param frontLength neighbor length of the front face 
+	/// @return number of deleted points 
+	uint32 markPointRegions(
+		domain 								dm,
+		ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space> 	points,
+		real leftLength,
+		real rightLength,
+		real bottomLength,
+		real topLength,
+		real rearLength,
+		real frontLength);
+
+	
+	/// @brief fill the lists for boundary faces. Lists keep the index 
+	/// of particles in the neighborhood of the faces. This mehtod is 
+	/// called after markPointRegions (step 2 of 2).
+	/// @param leftList neighbor list of the left face 
+	/// @param rightList neighbor list of the right face 
+	/// @param bottomList neighbor list of the bottom face 
+	/// @param topList neighbor list of the top face 
+	/// @param rearList neighbor list of the rear face 
+	/// @param frontList neighbor list of the front face 
+	void fillNeighborsLists(
+		ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> leftList,
+		ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> rightList,
+		ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> bottomList,
+		ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> topList,
+		ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> rearList,
+		ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> frontList);
+
+	uint32 markDelete(
+		const plane& 		pln,
+		ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space> 	points,
+		ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> 	indices,
+		ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> 	onOff);
+
+	uint32 changeCapacity( uint32 reqEmptySpots );
+
+
+
+};
+
+using pFlagTypeDevice 	= pointFlag<DefaultExecutionSpace>;
+
+using pFlagTypeHost 	= pointFlag<DefaultHostExecutionSpace>;
+
+}
+
+#include "pointFlagKernels.hpp"
+
+#endif // __pointFlag_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/pointFlagKernels.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/pointFlagKernels.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e76533b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/pointFlagKernels.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,668 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __pointFlagKernels_hpp__
+#define __pointFlagKernels_hpp__
+
+template<typename ExecutionSpace>
+pFlow::ViewType1D<pFlow::uint32, typename pFlow::pointFlag<ExecutionSpace>::memory_space>
+	pFlow::pointFlag<ExecutionSpace>::getActivePoints()
+{
+	using rpAPoints = Kokkos::RangePolicy<execution_space,  
+			Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>>;
+
+	ViewType1D<pFlow::uint32,memory_space> 
+		aPoints("activePoints", activeRange_.end()+1);
+	
+
+	Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		"pFlow::pointFlag<ExecutionSpace>::getActivePoints",
+		rpAPoints(0,activeRange_.end()),
+		CLASS_LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i)
+		{
+			if( isActive(i))
+			{
+				aPoints[i] = 1;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				aPoints[i] = 0;
+			}
+		}
+	);
+	Kokkos::fence();
+	return aPoints;
+}
+
+template<typename ExecutionSpace>
+pFlow::ViewType1D<pFlow::uint32, typename pFlow::pointFlag<ExecutionSpace>::memory_space>
+	pFlow::pointFlag<ExecutionSpace>::getEmptyPoints(uint32 numToGet)const
+{
+
+	uint32 cap = capacity();
+	using rpAPoints = Kokkos::RangePolicy<execution_space,  
+			Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>>;
+
+	ViewType1D<uint32,memory_space> indices("indices", cap+1);
+
+	ViewType1D<uint32,memory_space> emptyPoints("emptyPoints", numToGet);
+
+	auto flags = flags_;
+
+	Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		"getEmptyPoints",
+		rPolicy(0, cap),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){
+			indices(i) = flags[i] == DELETED;
+	});
+	Kokkos::fence();
+
+	exclusiveScan(indices, 0u, cap, indices, 0u);
+	uint32 numFound = 0;
+	Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
+		"fillEmptyPoints",
+		rpAPoints(0, cap-1),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i, uint32& numFoundUpdate){
+			if(indices(i)!= indices(i+1) && indices(i)< numToGet)
+			{
+				emptyPoints(indices(i)) = i;
+				numFoundUpdate++;
+			}
+		},
+		numFound
+	);
+	
+	if(numFound < numToGet)
+	{
+		return Kokkos::subview(emptyPoints, Kokkos::make_pair(0u, numFound));
+	}
+	return emptyPoints;
+
+}
+
+
+template<typename ExecutionSpace>
+pFlow::uint32 pFlow::pointFlag<ExecutionSpace>::markOutOfBoxDelete
+(
+	const box& validBox,
+	ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space> points
+)
+{
+	using rpScanFlag = Kokkos::RangePolicy<execution_space,  
+			Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>>;
+
+	uint32 numDeleted = 0;
+	
+	uint32 start = activeRange().start();
+	uint32 end   = activeRange().end();
+
+	uint32 minRange = end;
+	uint32 maxRange = start;
+
+	if(start<end)
+	{
+		Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
+			"pointFlagKernels::markOutOfBox",
+			rpScanFlag(start, end),
+			CLASS_LAMBDA_HD(
+				uint32 i, 
+				uint32& minUpdate, 
+				uint32& maxUpdate, 
+				uint32& delToUpdate)
+			{
+				if(isActive(i))
+				{
+					if(validBox.isInside(points[i]))
+					{
+						
+						minUpdate = min(minUpdate,i);
+						maxUpdate = max(maxUpdate,i);
+					}
+					else
+					{
+						flags_[i] = DELETED;
+						delToUpdate++;
+					}
+
+				}
+				
+			},
+			Kokkos::Min<uint32>(minRange), 
+			Kokkos::Max<uint32>(maxRange),
+			numDeleted);	
+	}
+	
+	if(numDeleted >= numActive_)
+	{
+		minRange = 0;
+		maxRange = 0;
+		numDeleted = numActive_;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		// add one to maxRange to make it half-open
+		maxRange ++;
+	}
+
+	activeRange_ = {minRange, maxRange};
+	numActive_ 	= numActive_ - numDeleted;
+	isAllActive_ = 
+		(activeRange_.numElements() == numActive_)&& numActive_>0;
+	
+	return numDeleted;
+}
+
+template<typename ExecutionSpace>
+pFlow::uint32 
+pFlow::pointFlag<ExecutionSpace>::addInternalPoints
+(
+	const ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space>& points
+)
+{
+	if(points.extent(0)==0u)return 0;
+
+	uint32 minRange;
+	uint32 maxRange;
+	uint32 numAdded = 0;
+	
+	const auto& flag = flags_;
+
+	Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
+		"pointFlagKernels::addInternalPoints",
+		deviceRPolicyStatic(0, points.extent(0)),
+		LAMBDA_HD(
+			uint32 i, 
+			uint32& minUpdate, 
+			uint32& maxUpdate, 
+			uint32& addToUpdate)
+		{
+			uint32 idx = points(i);
+			if( flag[idx] <= DELETED) addToUpdate ++;
+			minUpdate = min(minUpdate,idx);
+			maxUpdate = max(maxUpdate,idx);
+			flag[idx] = INTERNAL;	
+		},
+		Kokkos::Min<uint32>(minRange), 
+		Kokkos::Max<uint32>(maxRange),
+		numAdded);	
+
+	// add one to max range to make range it half open 
+	maxRange++;
+	
+	minRange = min(activeRange_.start(), minRange);
+	maxRange = max(activeRange_.end(), maxRange);
+
+	activeRange_ = {minRange, maxRange};
+	numActive_ 	= numActive_ + numAdded;
+	
+	isAllActive_ = activeRange_.numElements() == numActive_;
+	
+	return numAdded;
+}
+
+template<typename ExecutionSpace>
+bool pFlow::pointFlag<ExecutionSpace>::deletePoints
+(
+	scatteredFieldAccess<uint32, memory_space>  points
+)
+{
+	if(points.empty())return true;
+	
+	
+	using policy = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
+		execution_space,  
+		Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>>;
+
+	uint32 numDeleted = 0;
+	Kokkos::parallel_reduce
+	(
+		"pointFlagKernels::deletePoints",
+		policy(0u, points.size()),
+		CLASS_LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i, uint32& valDelUpdate)
+		{
+			uint32 n = points(i);
+			if(isActive(n))
+			{
+				valDelUpdate++;
+				flags_[n] = Flag::DELETED;
+			}
+		},
+		numDeleted
+	);	
+
+	if(numDeleted >= numActive_)
+	{
+		activeRange_ = {0, 0};
+		numDeleted = numActive_;
+	}
+		
+	numActive_ 	= numActive_ - numDeleted;
+	isAllActive_ = 
+		(activeRange_.numElements() == numActive_)&& numActive_>0;
+	
+	return true;
+}
+template<typename ExecutionSpace>
+bool pFlow::pointFlag<ExecutionSpace>::deletePoints
+(
+	ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> points
+)
+{
+
+	uint32 s = points.size();
+	if(s==0u)return true;
+	
+	using policy = Kokkos::RangePolicy<
+		execution_space,  
+		Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>>;
+
+	uint32 numDeleted = 0;
+	Kokkos::parallel_reduce
+	(
+		"pointFlagKernels::deletePoints",
+		policy(0u, points.size()),
+		CLASS_LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i, uint32& valDelUpdate)
+		{
+			uint32 n = points(i);
+			if(isActive(n))
+			{
+				valDelUpdate++;
+				flags_[n] = Flag::DELETED;
+			}
+		},
+		numDeleted
+	);	
+
+	if(numDeleted >= numActive_)
+	{
+		activeRange_ = {0, 0};
+		numDeleted = numActive_;
+	}
+		
+	numActive_ 	= numActive_ - numDeleted;
+	isAllActive_ = 
+		(activeRange_.numElements() == numActive_)&& numActive_>0;
+	
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+template<typename ExecutionSpace>
+bool pFlow::pointFlag<ExecutionSpace>::changeFlags
+(
+	ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> changePoints, 
+	uint32 boundaryIndex
+)
+{
+	auto flg = getBoundaryFlag(boundaryIndex);
+    const auto& flags = flags_;
+	Kokkos::parallel_for
+	(
+		"pointFlag::changeFlags",
+		rPolicy(0, changePoints.size()),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i)
+		{
+			flags[changePoints(i)] = flg;
+		}
+	);
+	Kokkos::fence();
+	return true;
+}
+
+template<typename ExecutionSpace>
+pFlow::uint32 pFlow::pointFlag<ExecutionSpace>::markPointRegions
+(
+	domain 								dm,
+	ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space> 	points,
+	real leftLength,
+	real rightLength,
+	real bottomLength,
+	real topLength,
+	real rearLength,
+	real frontLength)
+{
+	
+	using rpMark = Kokkos::RangePolicy<execution_space,  
+			Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>>;
+
+	uint32 start = activeRange().start();
+	uint32 end   = activeRange().end();
+
+	uint32 minRange = end;
+	uint32 maxRange = start;
+
+	uint32 numMarkedDelete = 0;
+	uint32 nLeft = 0, nRight = 0;
+	uint32 nBottom = 0, nTop = 0;
+	uint32 nRear = 0, nFront = 0;
+
+	if(start<end)
+	{
+		
+		Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
+			"pointFlagKernels::markDeleteInDomain",
+			rpMark(start,end),
+			CLASS_LAMBDA_HD(
+				uint32 i, 
+				uint32& minUpdate, 
+				uint32& maxUpdate, 
+				uint32& valDelete,
+				uint32& valLeft,
+				uint32& valRight,
+				uint32& valBottom,
+				uint32& valTop,
+				uint32& valRear,
+				uint32& valFront){
+				if(this->isActive(i))
+				{
+					realx3 p = points[i];
+					if( !dm.domainBox().isInside(p) )
+					{
+						flags_[i] = DELETED;
+						valDelete++;
+					}
+					else
+					{
+
+						uint8 flg  = 0;
+						minUpdate = min(minUpdate,i);
+						maxUpdate = max(maxUpdate,i);
+
+						if(dm.left().inPositiveDistance(p, leftLength))
+						{
+							flg += LEFT;
+							valLeft++;	
+						} 
+
+						if(dm.right().inPositiveDistance(p, rightLength))
+						{
+							flg += RIGHT;
+							valRight++;
+						}
+						
+						if(dm.bottom().inPositiveDistance(p, bottomLength))
+						{
+							flg += BOTTOM;
+							valBottom++;
+						} 
+
+						if(dm.top().inPositiveDistance(p, topLength)) 
+						{
+							flg += TOP;
+							valTop++;
+						}
+						
+						if(dm.rear().inPositiveDistance(p, rearLength)) 
+						{
+							flg += REAR;
+							valRear++;
+						}
+
+						if(dm.front().inPositiveDistance(p, frontLength))
+						{
+							flg += FRONT;
+							valFront++;
+						} 
+
+						flags_[i] = flg>static_cast<uint8>(0)? flg: INTERNAL;
+					}
+				}
+			},
+			Kokkos::Min<uint32>(minRange), 
+			Kokkos::Max<uint32>(maxRange),
+			numMarkedDelete,
+			nLeft,
+			nRight,
+			nBottom,
+			nTop,
+			nRear,
+			nFront);
+
+	}
+	
+	// means either range was empty or all points have been deleted.
+	if(numMarkedDelete>= numActive_)
+	{
+		minRange = 0;
+		maxRange = 0;
+		numMarkedDelete =  numActive_;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		maxRange++; // add one to make it half
+	}
+
+	activeRange_ = {minRange, maxRange};
+	numActive_ 	-= numMarkedDelete;
+	isAllActive_ = (activeRange_.numElements() == numActive_)&& numActive_>0;
+
+	nLeft_ 	= nLeft;
+	nRight_	= nRight;
+	nBottom_= nBottom;
+	nTop_ 	= nTop;
+	nRear_	= nRear;
+	nFront_ = nFront;
+
+	return numMarkedDelete;
+}
+
+template<typename ExecutionSpace>
+void pFlow::pointFlag<ExecutionSpace>::fillNeighborsLists
+(
+	ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> leftList,
+	ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> rightList,
+	ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> bottomList,
+	ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> topList,
+	ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> rearList,
+	ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> frontList
+)
+{
+	using rpMark = Kokkos::RangePolicy<execution_space,  
+			Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>>;
+
+	uint32 start = activeRange().start();
+	uint32 end   = activeRange().end();
+
+	ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> nElems("nElems",6);
+	
+	fill(nElems, 0, 6, static_cast<uint32>(0));
+		
+	if(start<end)
+	{
+		Kokkos::parallel_for(
+			"pointFlagKernels::markDeleteInDomain",
+			rpMark(start,end),
+			CLASS_LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){
+
+				uint8 flg = flags_(i);
+				if(this->isBoundary(flg))
+				{
+					if(this->isLeft(flg)) leftList[Kokkos::atomic_fetch_add(&nElems[0],1)] = i;
+					if(this->isRight(flg))rightList[Kokkos::atomic_fetch_add(&nElems[1],1)] = i;
+					if(this->isBottom(flg))bottomList[Kokkos::atomic_fetch_add(&nElems[2],1)] = i;
+					if(this->isTop(flg))topList[Kokkos::atomic_fetch_add(&nElems[3],1)] = i;
+					if(this->isRear(flg))rearList[Kokkos::atomic_fetch_add(&nElems[4],1)] = i;
+					if(this->isFront(flg))frontList[Kokkos::atomic_fetch_add(&nElems[5],1)] = i;
+				}
+			});
+		Kokkos::fence();	
+	}
+}
+
+template<typename ExecutionSpace>
+pFlow::uint32 pFlow::pointFlag<ExecutionSpace>::markDelete
+(
+	const plane& 		pln,
+	ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space> 	points,
+	ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> 	indices,
+	ViewType1D<uint32, memory_space> 	onOff
+)
+{
+	// if it is empty, do nothing
+	if(indices.size() == 0 )return 0;
+
+	using rpMark = Kokkos::RangePolicy<execution_space,  
+			Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>>;
+
+	uint32 start = activeRange().start();
+	uint32 end   = activeRange().end();
+
+	uint32 minRange = end;
+	uint32 maxRange = start;
+
+	uint32 numMarked = 0;
+
+	if(start<end)
+	{
+		Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
+			"pointFlagKernels::markDelete",
+			rpScanFlag(0, indices.size()),
+			CLASS_LAMBDA_HD(
+				uint32 i, 
+				uint32& minUpdate, 
+				uint32& maxUpdate, 
+				uint32& sumToUpdate)
+			{
+				auto indx = indices(i);
+				
+				if( pln.pointInNegativeSide(points(indx)))
+				{
+					flags_[indx] = DELETED;
+					sumToUpdate++;
+					onOff[i] = 0;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					minUpdate = min(minUpdate,i);
+					maxUpdate = max(maxUpdate,i);
+					onOff[i] = 1;
+				}
+			},
+			Kokkos::Min<uint32>(minRange), 
+			Kokkos::Max<uint32>(maxRange),
+			numMarked);	
+	}
+
+	// means either range was empty or all points have been deleted.
+	if(minRange<start || maxRange>end)
+	{
+		minRange = 0;
+		maxRange = 0;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		maxRange++; // add one to make it half
+	}
+
+	activeRange_ = {minRange, maxRange};
+	isAllActive_ = isAllActive_ && numMarked == 0; 
+	numActive_ 	-= numMarked;
+
+	return numMarked;
+}
+
+template<typename ExecutionSpace>
+pFlow::uint32 pFlow::pointFlag<ExecutionSpace>::changeCapacity
+(
+	uint32 reqEmptySpots
+)
+{
+	
+	uint32 oldCap = capacity();
+	uint32 newCap = oldCap* pFlow::gSettings::vectorGrowthFactor__+1;
+	uint32 emptySpots = newCap - numActive_;
+
+	while( emptySpots < reqEmptySpots )
+	{
+		newCap = newCap*pFlow::gSettings::vectorGrowthFactor__+1;
+		emptySpots = newCap - numActive_;
+	}
+	
+	viewType newFlags(flags_.label(), newCap);
+	// copy contnent 
+	copy(newFlags, 0u, flags_, 0u, oldCap);
+	fill(newFlags, oldCap, newCap, static_cast<uint8>(DELETED));
+
+	// reference replacement 
+	flags_ = newFlags;
+
+	return newCap;
+}
+
+#endif // __pointFlagKernels_hpp__
+
+
+
+
+/*template<typename ExecutionSpace>
+pFlow::uint32 pFlow::pointFlag<ExecutionSpace>::scanPointFlag()
+{
+		
+	using rpScanFlag = Kokkos::RangePolicy<execution_space,  
+			Kokkos::IndexType<uint32>>;
+
+	uint32 numActive = 0;
+	
+	
+	uint32 start = activeRange().start();
+	uint32 end   = activeRange().end();
+
+	uint32 minRange = end;
+	uint32 maxRange = start;
+
+	if(start<end)
+	{
+		Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
+			"pointFlagKernels::scanPointFlag",
+			rpScanFlag(start, end),
+			CLASS_LAMBDA_HD(
+				uint32 i, 
+				uint32& minUpdate, 
+				uint32& maxUpdate, 
+				uint32& sumToUpdate)
+			{
+				if(this->isActive(i))
+				{
+					sumToUpdate++;
+					minUpdate = min(minUpdate,i);
+					maxUpdate = max(maxUpdate,i);
+				}
+			},
+			Kokkos::Min<uint32>(minRange), 
+			Kokkos::Max<uint32>(maxRange),
+			numActive);	
+	}
+	
+	if(numActive==0)
+	{
+		minRange = 0;
+		maxRange = 0;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		// add one to maxRange to make it half-open
+		maxRange ++;
+	}
+
+	activeRange_ = {minRange, maxRange};
+	numActive_ 	= numActive;
+	isAllActive_ = activeRange_.numElements() == numActive_;
+
+	return numActive;
+}*/
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index be70072d..00000000
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,381 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
-#ifndef __pointStructure_hpp__
-#define __pointStructure_hpp__
-
-
-
-#include "Vectors.hpp"
-#include "VectorSingles.hpp"
-#include "VectorDuals.hpp"
-#include "Fields.hpp"
-#include "eventSubscriber.hpp"
-#include "indexContainer.hpp"
-
-
-
-namespace pFlow
-{
-
-//forward
-class box;
-class setFieldList;
-class repository;
-
-class pointStructure
-:
-	public eventSubscriber
-{
-public:
-	
-	enum PointFlag: int8
-	{
-		DELETED 	= -1,
-		ACTIVE 		= 1
-	};
-
-	
-	inline static const size_t maxSizeDefault_ = 10000;
-
-	class activePointsDevice
-	{
-	protected:
-		ViewType1D<int8> 	flag_;
-
-		bool allActive_;
-
-		range activeRange_;
-
-	public:
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		activePointsDevice(bool allActive, range active, const ViewType1D<int8>& flag)
-		:
-			flag_(flag),
-			allActive_(allActive),
-			activeRange_(active)
-		{}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		activePointsDevice(const activePointsDevice&) = default;
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		activePointsDevice& operator=(const activePointsDevice&) = default;
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		bool operator()(int32 i)const {
-			if(i<activeRange_.second && flag_[i] == 1)return true;
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		auto activeRange()const {
-			return activeRange_; 
-		}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		auto allActive()const {
-			return allActive_;
-		}
-
-	};
-
-	class activePointsHost
-	{
-	protected:
-		
-		ViewType1D<int8, HostSpace> 	flag_;
-
-		bool allActive_;
-
-		range activeRange_;
-
-	public:
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		activePointsHost(bool allActive, range active, const ViewType1D<int8, HostSpace>& flag)
-		:
-			flag_(flag),
-			allActive_(allActive),
-			activeRange_(active){}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		activePointsHost(const activePointsHost&) = default;
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		activePointsHost& operator=(const activePointsHost&) = default;
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		bool operator()(int32 i)const {
-			if(i <activeRange_.second && flag_[i] == PointFlag::ACTIVE)return true;
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		auto activeRange()const{
-			return activeRange_;
-		}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		bool allActive()const {
-			return allActive_;
-		}
-	};
-
-protected:
-
-	//// - data members 
-
-		// number of points / size of structure
-		size_t 			numPoints_ 		= 0;	
-
-		// maximum number of points
-		size_t 			maxPoints_ 		= maxSizeDefault_;
-
-		// flag of points on device
-		int8Field_HD 			pointFlag_;
-
-		// position of points on device
-		realx3Field_D 			pointPosition_;
-
-		// number of active points
-		size_t 					numActivePoints_ = 0;
-
-		// index range of active points (half-open range)
-		range 					activeRange_;	
-
-		/// Index vector for points to be inserted 
-		int32IndexContainer   	tobeInsertedIndex_;
-
-		/// Sorted index of particles based on morton code 
-		int32IndexContainer 	mortonSortedIndex_;
-	
-
-	//// - protected methods
-		FUNCTION_H
-		bool evaluatePointStructure();
-
-		FUNCTION_H
-		void setNumMaxPoints();
-
-		// - access to pointPosition
-		FUNCTION_H
-		realx3Field_D& pointPosition();
-		
-		// - access to pointFlag
-		FUNCTION_H
-		int8Field_HD& pointFlag();
-
-		FUNCTION_H
-		uniquePtr<int32IndexContainer> 
-			getNewPointsIndices(int32 numNewPoints)const;
-
-public:
-
-	friend class dynamicPointStructure;
-	
-	// - type info
-	TypeInfo("pointStructure");
-	
-
-	//// - Constructors 
-
-		// - an empty pointStructure, good for reading from file 
-		pointStructure();
-
-		// - construct from components
-		pointStructure(const int8Vector& flgVec, const realx3Vector& posVec);
-
-		// - construct from point positions, assume all points are active
-		pointStructure(const realx3Vector& posVec);
-
-		// - copy construct
-		//
-		//   should be changed, may causs undefined behavior 
-		//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-		pointStructure(const pointStructure&) = default;
-
-		
-		// - no move construct 
-		pointStructure(pointStructure&&) = delete;
-
-		// - copy assignment 
-		//
-		//   should be changed, may causs undefined behavior 
-		//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-		pointStructure& operator=(const pointStructure&) = default;
-
-		// - no move assignment 
-		pointStructure& operator=(pointStructure&&) = delete;
-
-		// - destructor 
-		virtual ~pointStructure() = default;
-
-
-	//// - Methods
-		activePointsDevice activePointsMaskD()const
-		{
-			return activePointsDevice(
-				this->allActive(),
-				activeRange(),
-				pointFlag_.deviceVectorAll()
-				);
-		}
-
-		activePointsHost activePointsMaskH()const
-		{
-			return activePointsHost(
-				this->allActive(),
-				activeRange(),
-				pointFlag_.hostVectorAll()
-				);
-		}
-
-		// - const access pointPosition
-		FUNCTION_H
-		const realx3Field_D& pointPosition()const;
-		
-		// - const access to pointFlag
-		FUNCTION_H
-		const int8Field_HD& pointFlag()const;
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		auto pointPositionHostAll()
-		{
-			return pointPosition_.hostVectorAll();
-		}
-
-		// - size of data structure
-		FUNCTION_H
-		label size()const;
-		
-		// - maximum capacity of data structure 
-		FUNCTION_H
-		label capacity()const;
-		
-		// - number of active points 
-		FUNCTION_H
-		label numActive() const;
-				
-		// - if all points are active 
-		FUNCTION_H
-		bool allActive()const;
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		range activeRange()const
-		{
-			return activeRange_;
-		}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		bool isActive(label i)const
-		{
-			return pointFlag_[i] == ACTIVE;
-		}
-
-		FUNCTION_H
-		size_t markDeleteOutOfBox(const box& domain);
-
-		// - update data structure by removing the marked points 
-		//   Notifies all the fields that are built based on this data structure
-		//   and then apply removing to the pointPosition_ and pointFlag_
-		FUNCTION_H
-		virtual bool updateForDelete();
-
-
-		FUNCTION_H
-		virtual bool mortonSortPoints(const box& domain, real dx);
-
-		///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-		
-		// - const access to points to be newly inserted
-		FUNCTION_H 
-		auto insertedPointIndex()const
-		{
-			return tobeInsertedIndex_;
-		}
-
-		FUNCTION_H 
-		auto insertedPointIndexH()const
-		{
-			return tobeInsertedIndex_.hostView();
-		}
-
-		FUNCTION_H 
-		auto insertedPointIndexD()const
-		{
-			return tobeInsertedIndex_.deviceView();
-		}
-
-
-		FUNCTION_H
-		auto mortonSortedIndex()const
-		{
-			return mortonSortedIndex_;
-		}
-
-
-		// - update data structure by inserting/setting new points 
-		//   Notifies all the fields in the registered list of data structure
-		//   and exclude the fields that re in the exclusionList
-		//   retrun nullptr if it fails 
-		FUNCTION_H
-		virtual uniquePtr<int32IndexContainer> insertPoints(
-			const realx3Vector& pos,
-			const setFieldList& setField,
-			repository& owner,
-			const List<eventObserver*>& exclusionList={nullptr}
-		);
-
-	
-	//// - IO operations 
-		// - read pointStructure from is
-		FUNCTION_H
-		bool readPointStructure(iIstream& is);
-
-		// - write pointStructure to os
-		FUNCTION_H
-		bool writePointStructure(iOstream& os)const;
-
-		// - read 
-		FUNCTION_H
-		bool read(iIstream& is)
-		{
-			return readPointStructure(is);
-		}
-
-		// - write 
-		FUNCTION_H
-		bool write(iOstream& os)const
-		{
-			return writePointStructure(os);
-		}
-
-};
-
-
-} // pFlow
-
-
-
-
-#endif //__pointStructure_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pStcutold.txt
similarity index 91%
rename from src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure.cpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pStcutold.txt
index f3f38e5b..7d50ca4c 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pStcutold.txt
@@ -1,25 +1,3 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
-#include "pointStructure.hpp"
 #include "pointStructureKernels.hpp"
 #include "setFieldList.hpp"
 #include "error.hpp"
@@ -346,7 +324,7 @@ bool pFlow::pointStructure::updateForDelete()
 	return true;
 }
 
-FUNCTION_H
+/*FUNCTION_H
 pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::int32IndexContainer> pFlow::pointStructure::insertPoints
 (
 	const realx3Vector& pos,
@@ -373,17 +351,19 @@ pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::int32IndexContainer> pFlow::pointStructure::insertPoints
 	tobeInsertedIndex_ = newPointsPtr();
 
 	// set the position of new points
-
+	
 	if(!pointPosition_.insertSetElement(
 		newPointsPtr(),
 		pos)
 		)return nullptr;
 
+	
 	if(!pointFlag_.insertSetElement(
 		newPointsPtr(),
 		static_cast<int8>(PointFlag::ACTIVE))
 		)return nullptr;
 
+	
 	setNumMaxPoints();
 	auto minInd = newPointsPtr().min();
 	auto maxInd = newPointsPtr().max();
@@ -393,6 +373,7 @@ pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::int32IndexContainer> pFlow::pointStructure::insertPoints
 
 	for(auto sfEntry:setField)
 	{
+
 		if(void* fieldPtr = 
 			sfEntry.setPointFieldSelectedAll( 
 				owner, 
@@ -432,7 +413,7 @@ pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::int32IndexContainer> pFlow::pointStructure::insertPoints
 
 
 
-FUNCTION_H
+/*FUNCTION_H
 bool pFlow::pointStructure::readPointStructure
 (
 	iIstream& is
@@ -458,9 +439,9 @@ bool pFlow::pointStructure::readPointStructure
 
 	
 	return evaluatePointStructure();
-}
+}*/
 
-FUNCTION_H
+/*FUNCTION_H
 bool pFlow::pointStructure::writePointStructure
 (
 	iOstream& os
@@ -482,7 +463,7 @@ bool pFlow::pointStructure::writePointStructure
 		return false;
 	}
 	return true;
-}
+}*/
 
 
 /*pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::int32Vector> 
@@ -551,4 +532,9 @@ pFlow::pointStructure::newPointsIndices(
 	}
 
 	return nullptr;
-}*/
\ No newline at end of file
+}*/
+
+pFlow::pointStructure::pointStructure(const dictionary &domainDict)
+{
+
+}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/mortonIndexing.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pointSorting/mortonIndexing.cpp
similarity index 59%
rename from src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/mortonIndexing.cpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pointSorting/mortonIndexing.cpp
index 63969747..2405bca4 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/mortonIndexing.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pointSorting/mortonIndexing.cpp
@@ -17,66 +17,60 @@ Licence:
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
 #include "mortonIndexing.hpp"
 #include "cells.hpp"
 
-#include "streams.hpp"
 
-bool pFlow::getSortedIndex(
+pFlow::uint32IndexContainer pFlow::getSortedIndices(
 	box boundingBox,
-	real dx,
-	range activeRange, 
-	ViewType1D<realx3> pos, 
-	ViewType1D<int8> flag,
-	int32IndexContainer& sortedIndex)
+	real dx,  
+	const ViewType1D<realx3>& pos, 
+	const pFlagTypeDevice& flag
+)
 {
+	if(flag.numActive() == 0u)return uint32IndexContainer();
 
 	// obtain the morton code of the particles
-	cells<size_t> allCells( boundingBox, dx);
-	int32IndexContainer index(activeRange.first, activeRange.second);
+	cells allCells( boundingBox, dx);
+	auto aRange = flag.activeRange();
 
-	ViewType1D<uint64_t> mortonCode("mortonCode", activeRange.second);
+	uint32IndexContainer sortedIndex(aRange.start(), aRange.end());
 
-	output<<"before first kernel"<<endl;;
+	ViewType1D<uint64_t> mortonCode("mortonCode", aRange.end());
 
-	using rpMorton = 
-		Kokkos::RangePolicy<Kokkos::IndexType<int32>>;
-	int32 numActive = 0;
-	Kokkos::parallel_reduce
+
+	Kokkos::parallel_for
 	(
 		"mortonIndexing::getIndex::morton",
-		rpMorton(activeRange.first, activeRange.second),
-		LAMBDA_HD(int32 i, int32& sumToUpdate){
-			if( flag[i] == 1 ) // active point 
+		deviceRPolicyStatic(aRange.start(), aRange.end()),
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){
+			if( flag.isActive(i)) // active point 
 			{
 				auto cellInd = allCells.pointIndex(pos[i]);
 				mortonCode[i] = xyzToMortonCode64(cellInd.x(), cellInd.y(), cellInd.z());
-				sumToUpdate++;
 			}else
 			{
 				mortonCode[i] = xyzToMortonCode64
 				(
-					static_cast<uint64_t>(-1),
-					static_cast<uint64_t>(-1),
-					static_cast<uint64_t>(-1)
+					largestPosInt32,
+					largestPosInt32,
+					largestPosInt32
 				);
 			}
-		},
-		numActive
+		}
 	);
 	
+	Kokkos::fence();
+
 	permuteSort(
 		mortonCode, 
-		activeRange.first, 
-		activeRange.second,
-		index.deviceView(),
+		aRange.start(), 
+		aRange.end(),
+		sortedIndex.deviceView(),
 		0 );
-	index.modifyOnDevice();
-	index.setSize(numActive);
-	index.syncViews();
 
-	sortedIndex = index;
+	sortedIndex.modifyOnDevice();
+	sortedIndex.syncViews(flag.numActive());
 
-	return true;
+	return sortedIndex;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/mortonIndexing.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pointSorting/mortonIndexing.hpp
similarity index 94%
rename from src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/mortonIndexing.hpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pointSorting/mortonIndexing.hpp
index 9ccdc83e..0d8c58d7 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/mortonIndexing.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pointSorting/mortonIndexing.hpp
@@ -17,24 +17,22 @@ Licence:
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
 #ifndef __mortonIndexing_hpp__
 #define __mortonIndexing_hpp__
 
 #include "types.hpp"
 #include "box.hpp"
 #include "indexContainer.hpp"
+#include "pointFlag.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-bool getSortedIndex(
+uint32IndexContainer getSortedIndices(
 	box boundingBox,
-	real dx, 
-	range activeRange, 
-	ViewType1D<realx3> pos, 
-	ViewType1D<int8> flag,
-	int32IndexContainer& sortedIndex);
+	real dx,  
+	const ViewType1D<realx3>& pos, 
+	const pFlagTypeDevice& flag);
 
 
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pointSorting/pointSorting.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pointSorting/pointSorting.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e318551d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pointSorting/pointSorting.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "pointSorting.hpp"
+#include "mortonIndexing.hpp"
+
+pFlow::pointSorting::pointSorting(const dictionary & dict)
+:
+    performSorting_(dict.getValOrSet("active", Logical(false))),
+    timeControl_(
+        performSorting_()? 
+            baseTimeControl(dict, "sorting"): 
+            baseTimeControl(0,1,1, "sorting")
+    ),
+    dx_(
+        performSorting_()?
+            dict.getVal<real>("dx"):
+            1.0
+    )
+{
+    if( performSorting_() )
+        REPORT(2)<<"Point sorting is "<<Yellow_Text("active")<<" in simulation"<<END_REPORT;
+    else
+       REPORT(2)<<"Point sorting is "<<Yellow_Text("inactive")<<" in simulation"<<END_REPORT;
+
+}
+pFlow::uint32IndexContainer 
+pFlow::pointSorting::getSortedIndices(
+    const box& boundingBox, 
+    const ViewType1D<realx3> &pos, 
+    const pFlagTypeDevice &flag
+) const
+{
+    return pFlow::getSortedIndices(boundingBox, dx_, pos, flag);
+}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/eventSubscriber/eventObserver.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pointSorting/pointSorting.hpp
similarity index 61%
rename from src/phasicFlow/eventSubscriber/eventObserver.hpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pointSorting/pointSorting.hpp
index aa4efd08..d8d9f195 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/eventSubscriber/eventObserver.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pointSorting/pointSorting.hpp
@@ -17,49 +17,52 @@ Licence:
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __pointSorting_hpp__
+#define __pointSorting_hpp__
 
+#include "baseTimeControl.hpp"
+#include "indexContainer.hpp"
+#include "pointFlag.hpp"
 
-#ifndef __eventObserver_hpp__
-#define __eventObserver_hpp__
-
-#include "eventMessage.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-class eventSubscriber;
+class box;
 
 
-class eventObserver
+class pointSorting
 {
-protected:
-	
-	const eventSubscriber* subscriber_ = nullptr;
-	
-	// if this object is linked to subscriber 
-	bool subscribed_ = false;
+private:
+
+	Logical                 performSorting_;
+
+	baseTimeControl         timeControl_;
+
+	real 					dx_;
 
 public:
 
-	eventObserver();
+	explicit pointSorting(const dictionary& dict);
 
-	eventObserver(const eventSubscriber& subscriber, bool subscribe = true );
-
-	virtual ~eventObserver();
-
-	inline bool subscribed()const {return subscribed_;}
-
-	bool subscribe(const eventSubscriber& subscriber);
-	
-	inline void invalidateSubscriber()
+	bool performSorting()const
 	{
-		subscribed_ = false;
+		return performSorting_();
 	}
 
-	virtual bool update(const eventMessage& msg)=0;
+	bool sortTime(uint32 iter, real t, real dt)const
+	{
+		return performSorting_() && timeControl_.timeEvent(iter, t, dt);
+	}
+
+	uint32IndexContainer getSortedIndices(
+		const box& boundingBox, 
+		const ViewType1D<realx3>& pos,
+		const pFlagTypeDevice& flag
+	)const;
+	
 };
 
-} // pFlow
+}
 
-
-#endif // __eventObserver_hpp__
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pointStructure.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pointStructure.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..30609b5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pointStructure.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "pointStructure.hpp"
+#include "systemControl.hpp"
+#include "vocabs.hpp"
+#include "anyList.hpp"
+
+bool pFlow::pointStructure::setupPointStructure(const realx3Vector& points)
+{
+    PointsTypeHost hPoints
+    (
+        pointPosition().name(), 
+        pointPosition().fieldKey()
+    );
+
+    hPoints.assign(points);
+    
+    return setupPointStructure(hPoints);
+}
+
+bool pFlow::pointStructure::setupPointStructure(const PointsTypeHost &points)
+{
+    if(!simulationDomain_->initialUpdateDomains(points.getSpan()))
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<<
+        "error in updating domains"<<endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+    
+    uint32 thisN = simulationDomain_->initialNumberInThis();
+
+    PointsTypeHost internal
+    (
+        pointPosition().name(), 
+        pointPosition().fieldKey(), 
+        thisN, 
+        thisN, 
+        RESERVE()
+    );
+
+    auto pSpan  = points.getSpan();
+    
+    if(auto iSpan  = internal.getSpan(); 
+        !simulationDomain_->initialTransferBlockData(pSpan, iSpan))
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<<
+        "Error in transfering the block data "<<endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+    
+    if( !initializePoints(internal) )
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    boundaries_.createBoundaries();
+    boundaries_.updateNeighborLists(0u, true);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+bool pFlow::pointStructure::initializePoints(const PointsTypeHost &points)
+{
+    pointPosition().assignFromHost(points);
+
+    createDeviceFlag(pointPosition().capacity(), 0, pointPosition().size());
+    syncPFlag();
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+pFlow::pointStructure::pointStructure
+(
+    systemControl& control
+)
+:
+    IOobject
+    (
+        objectFile
+        (
+            pointStructureFile__,
+            "",
+            objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
+            objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
+        ),
+        IOPattern::MasterProcessorDistribute,
+        &control.time()
+    ),
+	demComponent("particlesCenterMass", control),
+  	internalPoints(),
+	simulationDomain_
+	(
+		simulationDomain::create(control)
+	),
+    //pointSorting_(simulationDomain_->subDictOrCreate("pointSorting")),
+	boundaries_
+	(
+        *this
+	),
+    boundaryUpdateTimer_("boundaryUpdate", &timers()),
+    boundaryDataTransferTimer_("boundaryDataTransferTimer", &timers())
+{
+    REPORT(1)<< "Reading "<< Green_Text("pointStructure")<<
+    " from "<<IOobject::path()<<END_REPORT;
+
+    if( !IOobject::readObject() )
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<<
+        "Error in reading from file "<<IOobject::path()<<endl;
+        fatalExit;
+    }
+
+    pointSorting_ = makeUnique<pointSorting>(simulationDomain_->subDictOrCreate("pointSorting"));
+}
+
+
+pFlow::pointStructure::pointStructure(
+    systemControl& control,
+    const realx3Vector &posVec)
+:
+	IOobject
+    (
+        objectFile
+        (
+            pointStructureFile__,
+            "",
+            objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+            objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
+        ),
+        IOPattern::MasterProcessorDistribute,
+        &control.time()
+    ),
+	demComponent("particlesCenterMass", control),
+  	internalPoints(),
+	simulationDomain_
+	(
+		simulationDomain::create(control)
+	),
+    //pointSorting_(simulationDomain_->subDictOrCreate("pointSorting")),
+	boundaries_
+	(
+		*this
+	)
+{
+    if(!setupPointStructure(posVec))
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<<
+        "Error in seting up pointStructure"<<endl;
+        fatalExit;
+    }
+    pointSorting_ = makeUnique<pointSorting>(simulationDomain_->subDictOrCreate("pointSorting"));
+}
+
+bool pFlow::pointStructure::beforeIteration()
+{
+    const timeInfo ti = TimeInfo();
+
+    if(pointSorting_().sortTime(ti.iter(), ti.t(), ti.dt()))
+    {
+        auto sortedIndices = pointSorting_().getSortedIndices(
+            simulationDomain_().globalBox(),
+            pointPositionDevice(),
+            activePointsMaskDevice()
+        );
+        
+        if( !sortPoints(sortedIndices) )
+        {
+            fatalErrorInFunction;
+            return false;
+        }
+        
+        boundaryUpdateTimer_.start();
+        boundaries_.beforeIteration(ti, true); 
+        boundaryUpdateTimer_.end();
+
+        INFORMATION<<"Reordering of particles has been done. New active range for particles is "<<
+        activeRange()<<END_INFO; 
+
+
+        message msg;
+        anyList varList;
+
+        varList.emplaceBack(
+            msg.addAndName(message::ITEM_REARRANGE),
+            sortedIndices);
+
+        if(!notify(ti, msg, varList))
+        {
+            fatalErrorInFunction<<
+            "cannot notify for reordering items."<<endl;
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+        // notify others about this change 
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        boundaryUpdateTimer_.start();
+        if( !boundaries_.beforeIteration(ti) )
+        {
+            fatalErrorInFunction<<
+            "Unable to perform beforeIteration for boundaries"<<endl;
+            return false;
+        }
+        boundaryUpdateTimer_.end();
+    }
+    
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::pointStructure::iterate()
+{
+    if( !boundaries_.iterate(TimeInfo()) )
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<<
+        "Unable to perform iterate for boundaries"<<endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+    
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::pointStructure::afterIteration()
+{
+    boundaryDataTransferTimer_.start();
+    if( !boundaries_.afterIteration(TimeInfo()) )
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<<
+        "Unable to perform afterIteration for boundaries"<<endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+    boundaryDataTransferTimer_.end();
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::pointStructure::read(
+    iIstream &is,
+    const IOPattern& iop)
+{
+    
+    PointsTypeHost fRead
+    (
+        this->pointPosition().name(),
+        this->pointPosition().fieldKey()
+    );
+
+	if( !fRead.read(is, iop))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"Error in reading pointPosition from stream "<< is.name()<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+    return setupPointStructure(fRead);
+}
+
+bool pFlow::pointStructure::write
+(
+    iOstream& os, 
+    const IOPattern& iop
+)const
+{
+    return internalPoints::write(os, iop);
+}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pointStructure.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pointStructure.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..929c7473
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pointStructure.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __pointStructure_hpp__
+#define __pointStructure_hpp__
+
+#include "IOobject.hpp"
+#include "demComponent.hpp"
+#include "internalPoints.hpp"
+#include "simulationDomain.hpp"
+#include "pointSorting.hpp"
+#include "boundaryList.hpp"
+#include "streams.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class pointStructure
+:
+    public IOobject,
+    public demComponent,
+	public internalPoints
+{
+public:
+	
+	using PointsType 		= typename internalPoints::PointsType;
+
+	using PointsTypeHost 	= typename PointsType::FieldTypeHost;
+
+	using device_type 		= typename PointsType::device_type;
+
+	using memory_space 		= typename PointsType::memory_space;
+
+	using execution_space 	= typename PointsType::execution_space;
+
+private:
+
+	//// - data members 
+	uniquePtr<simulationDomain> simulationDomain_ = nullptr;
+
+	uniquePtr<pointSorting> 	pointSorting_ = nullptr;
+
+	boundaryList 				boundaries_;
+	
+	Timer 						boundaryUpdateTimer_;
+
+	Timer  						boundaryDataTransferTimer_;
+
+	
+
+	bool setupPointStructure(const realx3Vector& points);
+
+    bool setupPointStructure(const PointsTypeHost& points);
+
+    bool initializePoints(const PointsTypeHost& points);
+
+public:
+
+		
+	// - type info
+	TypeInfo("pointStructure");
+	
+
+	//// - Constructors 
+
+		/// an empty pointStructure, good for reading from file 
+		explicit pointStructure(systemControl& control);
+
+		/// construct from point positions, assume all points are active
+		pointStructure(
+            systemControl& control,
+			const realx3Vector& posVec);
+
+		pointStructure(const pointStructure&) = delete;
+
+		// - no move construct 
+		pointStructure(pointStructure&&) = delete;
+
+		
+		pointStructure& operator=(const pointStructure&) = delete;
+
+		// - no move assignment 
+		pointStructure& operator=(pointStructure&&) = delete;
+
+		// - destructor 
+		~pointStructure() override = default;
+
+	// - Iteration methods
+
+		/// In the time loop before iterate
+		bool beforeIteration() override;
+
+		/// @brief This is called in time loop. Perform the main calculations 
+		/// when the component should evolve along time.
+		bool iterate() override;
+
+		/// This is called in time loop, after iterate.
+		bool afterIteration() override;
+
+    // - Access methods 
+
+        auto& boundaries()
+        {
+            return boundaries_;
+        }
+
+        const auto& boundaries()const
+        {
+            return boundaries_;
+        }
+
+		Time& time() override
+		{
+			return demComponent::time();
+		}
+		
+		const Time& time() const override
+		{
+			return demComponent::time();
+		}
+		
+        boundaryBase& boundary(size_t i ) override
+        {
+            return boundaries_[i];
+        }
+
+        const boundaryBase& boundary(size_t i)const override
+        {
+            return boundaries_[i];
+        }
+
+		inline
+		const auto& simDomain()const
+		{
+			return simulationDomain_();
+		}
+
+		inline 
+		const auto& thisDomain()const
+		{
+			return simulationDomain_().thisDomain();
+		}
+
+		inline 
+		const auto& extendedDomain()const
+		{
+			return boundaries_.extendedDomain();
+		}
+
+		inline 
+		auto internalDomainBox()const
+		{
+			return boundaries_.internalDomainBox();
+		}
+		
+	// - IO methods 
+
+		/// @brief read the point structure from the input stream.
+		/// @param is: input stream
+		/// @param iop: type of input pattern
+		/// @return true on success
+		bool read(iIstream& is, const IOPattern& iop) override;
+		
+
+		/// Write 
+		bool write(iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop)const override;
+        
+
+};
+
+
+/*inline iOstream& operator << (iOstream& os, const pointStructure& ps )
+{	
+	if( !ps.write(os, IOPattern::AllProcessorsDifferent) )
+	{
+		ioErrorInFile(os.name(), os.lineNumber());
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+	return os; 
+}*/
+
+} // pFlow
+
+
+
+
+#endif //__pointStructure_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructureKernels.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pointStructureKernels.hpp
similarity index 100%
rename from src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructureKernels.hpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/pointStructure/pointStructureKernels.hpp
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/pStructSelector/fieldSelector.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/pStructSelector/fieldSelector.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3e850624
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/pStructSelector/fieldSelector.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+
+#ifndef __fieldSelector_hpp__
+#define __fieldSelector_hpp__
+
+#include "pStructSelector.hpp"
+#include "pointFields.hpp"
+#include "Time.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+template<typename T>
+inline
+Vector<T> selectedFieldVals(const pStructSelector& selector, const word& name)
+{
+    using FieldType =  pointField_D<T>;
+
+    if(selector.selectedPoints().empty() )
+    {
+        return Vector<T>("selected-"+name);
+    }
+
+	if(!selector.pStruct().time().lookupObjectName(name))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"Field "<< name << " does not exist in time repository"<<endl;
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+    if(
+        selector.pStruct().time().lookupObjectTypeName(name) !=
+        FieldType::TYPENAME())
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"Type of field "<< name << " in time repository does not match with"<<
+        FieldType::TYPENAME()<<endl;
+		fatalExit;
+    }
+
+    const FieldType& field = selector.pStruct().time().lookupObject<FieldType>(name);
+
+    auto fieldH = field.hostView();
+    const auto& selected = selector.selectedPoints();
+    Vector<T> selectedField(
+        "selected-"+name, 
+        selected.size(), 
+        selected.size(), 
+        RESERVE());
+
+    for(uint32 i=0; i<selected.size(); i++)
+    {
+        selectedField[i] = fieldH[selected[i]];
+    }
+
+    return selectedField;
+}
+
+} // pFlow
+
+#endif //__fieldSelector_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/pStructSelector/pStructSelector.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/pStructSelector/pStructSelector.cpp
index 71bb2716..4f1693c7 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/pStructSelector/pStructSelector.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/pStructSelector/pStructSelector.cpp
@@ -32,16 +32,48 @@ pFlow::pStructSelector::pStructSelector
 	pStruct_(pStruct)
 {}
 
+pFlow::pStructSelector::pStructSelector(
+  const word&           ,
+  const pointStructure& pStruct,
+  const dictionary&     
+)
+:
+	pStruct_(pStruct)
+{
+}
+
 const pFlow::pointStructure& pFlow::pStructSelector::pStruct()const
 {
 	return pStruct_;
 }
 
+pFlow::realx3Vector
+pFlow::pStructSelector::selectedPointPositions() const
+{
+
+	const auto& slctd = selectedPoints();
+
+	if(slctd.empty()) return realx3Vector("selectedPointPositions");
+	
+	realx3Vector slctdPoints("selectedPointPositions", slctd.size());
+	
+	auto pPos = pStruct().pointPositionHost();
+
+	for(uint32 i=0; i<slctd.size(); i++)
+	{
+		slctdPoints[i] = pPos[slctd[i]];
+	}
+
+	return slctdPoints;
+}
 
 pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::pStructSelector>
-	pFlow::pStructSelector::create(const pointStructure& pStruct, const dictionary& dict)
+pFlow::pStructSelector::create(
+  const pointStructure& pStruct,
+  const dictionary&     dict
+)
 {
-	word selectorMethod = dict.getVal<word>("selector");
+	word selectorMethod = angleBracketsNames("selector", dict.getVal<word>("selector"));
 
 	if( dictionaryvCtorSelector_.search(selectorMethod) )
 	{
@@ -51,7 +83,7 @@ pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::pStructSelector>
 	{
 		printKeys
 		( 
-			fatalError << "Ctor Selector "<< selectorMethod << " dose not exist. \n"
+			fatalError << "Ctor Selector "<< selectorMethod << " does not exist. \n"
 			<<"Avaiable ones are: \n\n"
 			,
 			dictionaryvCtorSelector_
@@ -60,3 +92,31 @@ pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::pStructSelector>
 	}
 	return nullptr;
 }
+
+pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::pStructSelector>
+pFlow::pStructSelector::create(
+  const word&           type,
+  const pointStructure& pStruct,
+  const dictionary&     dict
+)
+{
+	word selectorMethod = angleBracketsNames("selector", type);
+
+	if( wordvCtorSelector_.search(selectorMethod) )
+	{
+		return wordvCtorSelector_[selectorMethod] (type, pStruct, dict);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		printKeys
+		( 
+			fatalError << "Ctor Selector "<< selectorMethod << " does not exist. \n"
+			<<"Avaiable ones are: \n\n"
+			,
+			wordvCtorSelector_
+		);
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+	return nullptr;
+
+}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/pStructSelector/pStructSelector.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/pStructSelector/pStructSelector.hpp
index ee8b099b..84bf48e1 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/pStructSelector/pStructSelector.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/pStructSelector/pStructSelector.hpp
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
 #ifndef __pStructSelector_hpp__
 #define __pStructSelector_hpp__
 
@@ -26,6 +25,7 @@ Licence:
 #include "Vectors.hpp"
 #include "virtualConstructor.hpp"
 
+
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
@@ -44,9 +44,16 @@ public:
 	// - type info
 	TypeInfo("pStructSelector");
 
-
+		/// the dictionary contains the selector keyword and another dictionary which is 
+		/// used for creating selector 
 		pStructSelector(const pointStructure& pStruct, const dictionary& UNUSED(dict));
 
+		/// construct using selector type and a dictionary that contains info of selector 
+		pStructSelector(
+			const word& type, 
+			const pointStructure& pStruct, 
+			const dictionary& UNUSED(dict));
+
 		create_vCtor
 		(
 			pStructSelector,
@@ -55,6 +62,18 @@ public:
 			(pStruct, dict)
 		);
 
+		create_vCtor
+		(
+			pStructSelector,
+			word,
+			(
+				const word& type, 
+				const pointStructure& pStruct, 
+				const dictionary& dict
+			),
+			(type, pStruct, dict)
+		);
+
 		virtual ~pStructSelector() = default;
 
 	//// - Methods
@@ -62,16 +81,24 @@ public:
 		const pointStructure& pStruct()const;
 
 
-		virtual const int32Vector& selectedPoinsts()const = 0;
+		virtual const uint32Vector& selectedPoints()const = 0;
 
-		virtual int32Vector& selectedPoinsts() = 0;
+		virtual uint32Vector& selectedPoints() = 0;
 
+		realx3Vector selectedPointPositions()const;
 
 	static
 	uniquePtr<pStructSelector> create(const pointStructure& pStruct, const dictionary& dict);
 
+	static
+	uniquePtr<pStructSelector> create(
+		const word& type, 
+		const pointStructure& pStruct, 
+		const dictionary& dict);
 };
 
+
+
 } // pFlow
 
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectBox/selectBox.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectBox/selectBox.cpp
index 89e89cfc..a384b820 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectBox/selectBox.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectBox/selectBox.cpp
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ void pFlow::selectBox::selectAllPointsInBox()
 	);
 
 	selectedPoints_.clear();
-	auto pPos = pStruct().pointPosition().hostVector();
+	auto pPos = pStruct().pointPosition().hostView();
 	
 	ForAll(i , pPos)
 	{
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectBox/selectBox.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectBox/selectBox.hpp
index cacc8afa..89faad6f 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectBox/selectBox.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectBox/selectBox.hpp
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class selectBox
 {
 protected:
 	
-	int32Vector selectedPoints_;
+	uint32Vector selectedPoints_;
 
 	box 		box_;
 
@@ -63,12 +63,12 @@ public:
 
 	//// - Methods
 
-		virtual const int32Vector& selectedPoinsts()const override
+		const uint32Vector& selectedPoints()const override
 		{
 			return selectedPoints_;
 		}
 
-		virtual int32Vector& selectedPoinsts() override
+		uint32Vector& selectedPoints() override
 		{
 			return selectedPoints_;
 		}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectRandom/selectRandom.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectRandom/selectRandom.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index f25ef4c2..00000000
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectRandom/selectRandom.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,122 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
-#include "selectRandom.hpp"
-#include "dictionary.hpp"
-#include "uniformRandomInt32.hpp"
-#include "Set.hpp"
-
-
-bool pFlow::selectRandom::selectAllPointsInRange()
-{
-	// to reduct allocations
-	int32 maxNum = number_+1;
-	
-	selectedPoints_.reserve	(maxNum);
-
-	selectedPoints_.clear();
-	
-	uniformRandomInt32 intRand (begin_, end_);
-
-
-	int32 n = 0;
-	int32 iter = 0;
-	bool finished = false;
-
-	Set<int32> selctedIndices;
-
-	while( iter < number_*100)
-	{
-		int32 newInd = intRand.randomNumber();
-
-		if( auto [it, inserted] = selctedIndices.insert(newInd); inserted )
-		{
-			n++;
-
-			if(n == number_)
-			{
-				finished = true;
-				break;
-			}
-		}
-		iter++;
-	}
-
-	
-	if(finished)
-	{
-		for(auto& ind:selctedIndices)
-		{
-			selectedPoints_.push_back(ind);
-		}
-
-		return true;
-
-	}else
-	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<< "Could not find random indices in the range."<<endl;
-		return false;	
-	}
-
-	
-}
-	
-pFlow::selectRandom::selectRandom
-(
-	const pointStructure& pStruct,
-	const dictionary& dict
-)
-:
-	pStructSelector
-	(
-		pStruct, dict
-	),
-	begin_
-	(
-		dict.subDict("selectRandomInfo").getVal<int32>("begin")
-	),
-	end_
-	(
-		dict.subDict("selectRandomInfo").getValOrSet("end", pStruct.size())
-	),
-	number_
-	(
-		dict.subDict("selectRandomInfo").getValOrSet("number", 1)
-	)
-{
-	begin_ 	= max(begin_,1);
-	end_ 	= min(end_, static_cast<int32>(pStruct.size()));
-	number_ = max(number_,0);
-	if(end_-begin_ < number_)
-	{
-
-		warningInFunction<< "In dictionary " << dict.globalName()<<
-		" number is greater than the interval defined by begine and end ["<<
-		begin_<<" "<<end_<<"), resetting it to "<<end_-begin_<<endl;
-
-		number_ = end_-begin_;
-	}
-
-	if(!selectAllPointsInRange())
-	{
-		fatalExit;
-	}
-}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectorGeometric/selectorGeometric.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectorGeometric/selectorGeometric.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6a31e28b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectorGeometric/selectorGeometric.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+
+
+template<typename GeomType>
+bool
+pFlow::selectorGeometric<GeomType>::selectPoints()
+{
+	selectedPoints_.clear();
+
+	auto       maskH  = pStruct().activePointsMaskHost();
+	const auto aRange = maskH.activeRange();
+	auto       pPos   = pStruct().pointPositionHost();
+
+	for (uint32 i = aRange.start(); i < aRange.end(); i++)
+	{
+		if (maskH.isActive(i) && pRegion_.isInside(pPos[i]))
+		{
+			selectedPoints_.push_back(i);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+template<typename GeomType>
+pFlow::selectorGeometric<GeomType>::selectorGeometric(
+  const pointStructure& pStruct,
+  const dictionary&     dict
+)
+  : pStructSelector(pStruct, dict),
+    type_(dict.getVal<word>("selector")),
+    pRegion_(type_, dict.subDict(type_ + "Info"))
+{
+	if (!selectPoints())
+	{
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+}
+
+template<typename GeomType>
+pFlow::selectorGeometric<GeomType>::selectorGeometric(
+  const word&           type,
+  const pointStructure& pStruct,
+  const dictionary&     dict
+)
+  : pStructSelector(type, pStruct, dict),
+    type_(type),
+    pRegion_(type_, dict)
+{
+	if (!selectPoints())
+	{
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectorGeometric/selectorGeometric.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectorGeometric/selectorGeometric.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d1a96541
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectorGeometric/selectorGeometric.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+     O        C enter of
+    O O       E ngineering and
+   O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+  OOOOOOO     F luid flow
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __selectorGeometric_hpp__
+#define __selectorGeometric_hpp__
+
+#include "pStructSelector.hpp"
+#include "PeakableRegion.hpp"
+#include "pointStructure.hpp"
+#include "dictionary.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+template<typename GeomType>
+class selectorGeometric 
+: 
+    public pStructSelector
+{
+private:
+
+	word 					 type_;
+
+	PeakableRegion<GeomType> pRegion_;
+
+	uint32Vector             selectedPoints_{"selectedPoints"};
+
+	bool selectPoints();
+
+public:
+
+	TypeInfoTemplate11("selector", GeomType);
+
+	selectorGeometric(const pointStructure& pStruct, const dictionary& dict);
+
+	selectorGeometric(
+		const word& type, 
+		const pointStructure& pStruct, 
+		const dictionary& dict);
+		
+	add_vCtor
+    (
+        pStructSelector, 
+        selectorGeometric, 
+        dictionary
+    );
+
+	add_vCtor
+    (
+        pStructSelector, 
+        selectorGeometric, 
+        word
+    );
+
+	~selectorGeometric() override = default;
+
+	const uint32Vector& selectedPoints()const override
+	{
+		return selectedPoints_;
+	}
+
+	uint32Vector& selectedPoints() override
+	{
+		return selectedPoints_;
+	}
+};
+
+}
+
+#include "selectorGeometric.cpp"
+
+#endif //__selectorGeometric_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectorGeometric/selectorGeometrics.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectorGeometric/selectorGeometrics.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..990e8cca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectorGeometric/selectorGeometrics.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+     O        C enter of
+    O O       E ngineering and
+   O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+  OOOOOOO     F luid flow
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "selectorGeometric.hpp"
+#include "box.hpp"
+#include "sphere.hpp"
+#include "cylinder.hpp"
+
+template class pFlow::selectorGeometric<pFlow::box>;
+template class pFlow::selectorGeometric<pFlow::sphere>;
+template class pFlow::selectorGeometric<pFlow::cylinder>;
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectorRandomPoints/selectorRandomPoints.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectorRandomPoints/selectorRandomPoints.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3a4a28f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectorRandomPoints/selectorRandomPoints.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "selectorRandomPoints.hpp"
+#include "Set.hpp"
+#include "dictionary.hpp"
+#include "uniformRandomUint32.hpp"
+
+bool
+pFlow::selectorRandomPoints::selectAllPointsInRange()
+{
+	// to reduct allocations
+	uint32 maxNum = number_ + 1;
+
+	selectedPoints_.reserve(maxNum);
+
+	selectedPoints_.clear();
+
+	uniformRandomUint32 intRand(begin_, end_);
+
+	uint32              n        = 0;
+	uint32              iter     = 0;
+	bool                finished = false;
+
+	Set<uint32>         selctedIndices;
+
+	while (iter < number_ * 100)
+	{
+		uint32 newInd = intRand.randomNumber();
+
+		if (auto [it, inserted] = selctedIndices.insert(newInd); inserted)
+		{
+			n++;
+
+			if (n == number_)
+			{
+				finished = true;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		iter++;
+	}
+
+	if (finished)
+	{
+		for (auto& ind : selctedIndices)
+		{
+			selectedPoints_.push_back(ind);
+		}
+
+		return true;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction << "Could not find random indices in the range."
+		                     << endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+}
+
+pFlow::selectorRandomPoints::selectorRandomPoints(
+  const pointStructure& pStruct,
+  const dictionary&     dict
+)
+  : selectorRandomPoints(
+      "randomPoints",
+      pStruct,
+      dict.subDict("randomPointsInfo")
+    )
+{
+}
+
+pFlow::selectorRandomPoints::selectorRandomPoints(
+  const word&           type,
+  const pointStructure& pStruct,
+  const dictionary&     dict
+)
+  : pStructSelector(type, pStruct, dict),
+    begin_(dict.getVal<uint32>("begin")),
+    end_(dict.getValOrSet("end", pStruct.size())),
+    number_(dict.getValOrSet("number", 1))
+{
+	begin_  = max(begin_, 1u);
+	end_    = min(end_, static_cast<uint32>(pStruct.size()));
+	number_ = max(number_, 0u);
+
+	if (end_ - begin_ < number_)
+	{
+		warningInFunction
+		  << "In dictionary " << dict.globalName()
+		  << " number is greater than the interval defined by begine and end ["
+		  << begin_ << " " << end_ << "), resetting it to " << end_ - begin_
+		  << endl;
+
+		number_ = end_ - begin_;
+	}
+
+	if (!selectAllPointsInRange())
+	{
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectRandom/selectRandom.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectorRandomPoints/selectorRandomPoints.hpp
similarity index 71%
rename from src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectRandom/selectRandom.hpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectorRandomPoints/selectorRandomPoints.hpp
index 48a7cd1c..d0772cb4 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectRandom/selectRandom.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectorRandomPoints/selectorRandomPoints.hpp
@@ -31,50 +31,61 @@ namespace pFlow
 
 class dictionary;
 
-class selectRandom
+class selectorRandomPoints
 :
 	public pStructSelector
 {
-protected:
+private:
 	
-	int32Vector selectedPoints_;
+	uint32Vector selectedPoints_;
 
 	// begin index
-	int32 	begin_;
+	uint32 	begin_;
 
 	// end index
-	int32 	end_;
+	uint32 	end_;
 
 	// stride
-	int32 	number_;
+	uint32 	number_;
 
 	bool selectAllPointsInRange();
 	
 public:
 
 	// - type info
-	TypeInfo("selectRandom");
+	TypeInfo("selector<randomPoints>");
 
 
-		selectRandom(const pointStructure& pStruct, const dictionary& dict);
+		selectorRandomPoints(const pointStructure& pStruct, const dictionary& dict);
+
+		selectorRandomPoints(
+			const word& type, 
+			const pointStructure& pStruct, 
+			const dictionary& UNUSED(dict));
 
 		add_vCtor
 		(
 			pStructSelector,
-			selectRandom,
+			selectorRandomPoints,
 			dictionary
 		);
 
-		virtual ~selectRandom() = default;
+		add_vCtor
+		(
+			pStructSelector,
+			selectorRandomPoints,
+			word
+		);
+		~selectorRandomPoints() final = default;
 
 	//// - Methods
 
-		virtual const int32Vector& selectedPoinsts()const override
+		const uint32Vector& selectedPoints()const final
 		{
 			return selectedPoints_;
 		}
 
-		virtual int32Vector& selectedPoinsts() override
+		uint32Vector& selectedPoints() final
 		{
 			return selectedPoints_;
 		}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectorStridedRange/selectorStridedRange.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectorStridedRange/selectorStridedRange.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9a9e878f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectorStridedRange/selectorStridedRange.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "selectorStridedRange.hpp"
+#include "dictionary.hpp"
+
+void
+pFlow::selectorStridedRange::selectAllPointsInRange()
+{
+	// to reduct allocations
+	uint32 maxNum = (end_ - begin_) / stride_ + 2;
+
+	selectedPoints_.reserve(maxNum);
+
+	selectedPoints_.clear();
+
+	for (uint32 i = begin_; i < end_; i += stride_)
+	{
+		selectedPoints_.push_back(i);
+	}
+}
+
+pFlow::selectorStridedRange::selectorStridedRange(
+  const pointStructure& pStruct,
+  const dictionary&     dict
+)
+  : selectorStridedRange(
+      "stridedRange",
+      pStruct,
+      dict.subDict("stridedRangeInfo")
+    )
+{
+}
+
+pFlow::selectorStridedRange::selectorStridedRange(
+  const word&           type,
+  const pointStructure& pStruct,
+  const dictionary&     dict
+)
+  : pStructSelector(type, pStruct, dict),
+    begin_(dict.getVal<uint32>("begin")),
+    end_(dict.getValOrSet<uint32>("end", pStruct.size())),
+    stride_(dict.getValOrSet<uint32>("stride", 1u))
+{
+	begin_  = max(begin_, 1u);
+	end_    = min(end_, static_cast<uint32>(pStruct.size()));
+	stride_ = max(stride_, 1u);
+
+	selectAllPointsInRange();
+}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectRange/selectRange.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectorStridedRange/selectorStridedRange.hpp
similarity index 72%
rename from src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectRange/selectRange.hpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectorStridedRange/selectorStridedRange.hpp
index 842b3278..cb36ac98 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectRange/selectRange.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/selectors/selectorStridedRange/selectorStridedRange.hpp
@@ -31,50 +31,62 @@ namespace pFlow
 
 class dictionary;
 
-class selectRange
+class selectorStridedRange
 :
 	public pStructSelector
 {
-protected:
+private:
 	
-	int32Vector selectedPoints_;
+	uint32Vector selectedPoints_;
 
 	// begin index
-	int32 	begin_;
+	uint32 	begin_;
 
 	// end index
-	int32 	end_;
+	uint32 	end_;
 
 	// stride
-	int32 	stride_;
+	uint32 	stride_;
 
 	void selectAllPointsInRange();
 	
 public:
 
 	// - type info
-	TypeInfo("selectRange");
+	TypeInfo("selector<stridedRange>");
 
 
-		selectRange(const pointStructure& pStruct, const dictionary& dict);
+		selectorStridedRange(const pointStructure& pStruct, const dictionary& dict);
+
+		selectorStridedRange(
+			const word& type, 
+			const pointStructure& pStruct, 
+			const dictionary& dict);
+		
+		add_vCtor
+		(
+			pStructSelector,
+			selectorStridedRange,
+			dictionary
+		);
 
 		add_vCtor
 		(
 			pStructSelector,
-			selectRange,
-			dictionary
+			selectorStridedRange,
+			word
 		);
 
-		virtual ~selectRange() = default;
+		~selectorStridedRange() final = default;
 
 	//// - Methods
 
-		virtual const int32Vector& selectedPoinsts()const override
+		const uint32Vector& selectedPoints()const final
 		{
 			return selectedPoints_;
 		}
 
-		virtual int32Vector& selectedPoinsts() override
+		uint32Vector& selectedPoints() final
 		{
 			return selectedPoints_;
 		}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/sphere/sphere.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/sphere/sphere.hpp
index 1a8236b1..21b20d1c 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/sphere/sphere.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/sphere/sphere.hpp
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ public:
 		{
 			auto cPoint = point-center_;
 			auto dist2 = dot(cPoint,cPoint);
-			return dist2 < radius2_;
+			return dist2 <= radius2_;
 
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/multiTriSurface.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/multiTriSurface.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index fe37308c..00000000
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/multiTriSurface.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,241 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
-#include "multiTriSurface.hpp"
-
-void pFlow::multiTriSurface::calculateVars()
-{
-	numSurfaces_ = surfaceNames_.size();
-
-	// make sure the host and device are sync
-	lastPointIndex_.syncViews();
-
-	surfaceNumPoints_.clear();
-	
-	int32 last = 0;
-	for(auto& pi:lastPointIndex_) 
-	{
-		surfaceNumPoints_.push_back(pi+1-last);
-		last = pi+1;
-	}
-	
-	// update views
-	surfaceNumPoints_.syncViews();
-
-	surfaceNumVertices_.clear();
-	last = 0;
-
-	lastVertexIndex_.syncViews();
-	
-
-	for(auto& vi:lastVertexIndex_)
-	{
-		surfaceNumVertices_.push_back(vi+1-last);
-		last = vi+1;
-	}
-	surfaceNumVertices_.syncViews();
-	
-	pointsStartPos_.reallocate(surfaceNumPoints_.capacity());
-	pointsStartPos_.clear();
-	
-	pointsStartPos_.push_back(0);
-
-	ForAll( i, surfaceNumPoints_)
-	{
-		if(i==0)continue;
-
-		pointsStartPos_.push_back( pointsStartPos_[i-1] + surfaceNumPoints_[i-1] );
-	}
-
-	pointsStartPos_.syncViews();
-	
-
-	verticesStartPos_.reallocate(surfaceNumVertices_.capacity());
-	verticesStartPos_.clear();
-
-	verticesStartPos_.push_back(0);
-	ForAll(i, surfaceNumVertices_)
-	{
-		if(i==0)continue;
-		verticesStartPos_.push_back(verticesStartPos_[i-1] + surfaceNumVertices_[i-1]);
-	}
-	verticesStartPos_.syncViews();
-	
-
-}
-
-pFlow::multiTriSurface::multiTriSurface()
-:
-	triSurface(),
-	lastPointIndex_("lastPointIndex", "lastPointIndex"),
-	lastVertexIndex_("lastVertexIndex", "lastVertexIndex"),
-	surfaceNames_("surfaceNames", "surfaceNames")
-{
-	calculateVars();
-}
-
-bool pFlow::multiTriSurface::addTriSurface
-(
-	const word& name,
-	const triSurface& tSurf
-)
-{
-
-	const auto& newPoints = tSurf.points();
-	const auto& newVertices = tSurf.vertices();
-	const auto& newAreas = tSurf.area();
-	
-	// 
-	
-	
-	points_.append(newPoints);
-	
-	
-	// add new vertices to the existing one
-	auto vOldSize = vertices_.size();
-	auto vNewSize =  vOldSize + newVertices.size();
-	vertices_.resize(vNewSize);
-	area_.resize(vNewSize);
-	
-	auto verVec = vertices_.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto areaVec = area_.deviceVectorAll();
-
-	auto newVerVec = newVertices.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto newArea = newAreas.deviceVectorAll();
-
-	auto maxIdx = maxIndex();
-
-	Kokkos::parallel_for(
-		"multiTriSurface::addTriSurface",
-		newVertices.size(),
-		LAMBDA_HD(int32 i){
-			verVec[vOldSize+i] = newVerVec[i]+(maxIdx+1);
-			areaVec[vOldSize+i] = newArea[i];
-		}
-		);
-	Kokkos::fence();
-
-	if( !check() )
-	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"the indices and number of points do not match. \n";
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	lastPointIndex_.push_back(points_.size()-1);
-	lastPointIndex_.syncViews();
-	
-	lastVertexIndex_.push_back(vertices_.size()-1);
-	lastVertexIndex_.syncViews();
-
-	surfaceNames_.push_back(name);
-
-	calculateVars();
-
-	return true;
-
-}
-
-bool pFlow::multiTriSurface::addTriSurface
-(
-	const word& name,
-	const realx3x3Vector& vertices
-)
-{
-	triSurface newSurf(vertices);
-
-	return addTriSurface(name, newSurf);
-}
-
-/*pFlow::real3*
-	pFlow::multiTriSurface::beginSurfacePoint
-(
-	unit i
-)
-{
-	if(i== 0) return points_.data();
-	if(i>=numSurfaces())return points_.data()+numPoints();
-	return points_.data()+lastPointIndex_[i-1]+1;
-}
-
-const pFlow::real3*
-	pFlow::multiTriSurface::beginSurfacePoint
-(
-	unit i
-)const
-{
-	if(i== 0) return points_.data();
-	if(i>=numSurfaces())return points_.data()+numPoints();
-	return points_.data()+lastPointIndex_[i-1]+1;
-}
-
-pFlow::real3* 
-	pFlow::multiTriSurface::endSurfacePoint
-(
-	unit i
-)
-{
-	if(i>=numSurfaces())return points_.data()+numPoints();
-	return points_.data()+lastPointIndex_[i]+1;
-}
-
-const pFlow::real3*
-	pFlow::multiTriSurface::endSurfacePoint
-(
-	unit i
-)const
-{
-	if(i>=numSurfaces())return points_.data()+numPoints();
-	return points_.data()+lastPointIndex_[i]+1;
-}*/
-
-bool pFlow::multiTriSurface::readMultiTriSurface
-(
-	iIstream& is
-)
-{
-	if( !readTriSurface(is) )return false;
-
-	// from current position
-	if(!lastPointIndex_.read(is, true)) return false;
-
-	if(!lastVertexIndex_.read(is, true) ) return false;
-
-	if( !surfaceNames_.read(is, true)) return false;
-
-	calculateVars();
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool pFlow::multiTriSurface::writeMultiTriSurface
-(
-	iOstream& os
-)const
-{
-	if(!writeTriSurface(os)) return false;
-
-	os << lastPointIndex_;
-	os << lastVertexIndex_;
-	os << surfaceNames_;
-
-	return os.check(FUNCTION_NAME);
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/multiTriSurface.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/multiTriSurface.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 8791be86..00000000
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/multiTriSurface.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,183 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
-#ifndef __multiTriSurface_hpp__
-#define __multiTriSurface_hpp__
-
-
-#include "triSurface.hpp"
-#include "VectorDuals.hpp"
-
-namespace pFlow
-{
-
-
-class multiTriSurface
-:
-	public triSurface
-{
-protected:
-
-	// - the index of last point of each triSurface 
-	int32Field_HD 	lastPointIndex_;
-
-	// - the index of the last vertex of each triSurface 
-	int32Field_HD   lastVertexIndex_;
-
-	// - name of each surface 
-	wordField 		surfaceNames_;
-
-	int32Field_HD 	surfaceNumPoints_;
-
-	int32Vector_HD  pointsStartPos_;
-
-	int32Field_HD   surfaceNumVertices_;
-
-	int32Vector_HD  verticesStartPos_;
-
-	int32 			numSurfaces_ = 0;
-
-	void        calculateVars();
-
-public:
-
-	// - type info
-	TypeInfoNV("multiTriSurface");
-
-	//// - Constructors
-
-		// - emtpy
-		multiTriSurface();
-
-		multiTriSurface(const multiTriSurface&) = default;
-
-		multiTriSurface& operator = (const multiTriSurface&) = default;
-
-		multiTriSurface(multiTriSurface&&) = delete;
-
-		multiTriSurface& operator = (multiTriSurface&&) = delete;		
-
-		~multiTriSurface() = default;
-
-	//// - Methods
-
-		bool addTriSurface(const word& name, const triSurface& tSurf);
-
-		bool addTriSurface(const word& name, const realx3x3Vector& vertices);
-
-		int32 numSurfaces()const
-		{
-			return numSurfaces_;
-		}
-
-		void clear()
-		{
-			triSurface::clear();
-
-			lastPointIndex_.clear();
-			surfaceNames_.clear();
-		}
-
-		
-		const auto& pointsStartPos()const
-		{
-			return pointsStartPos_;
-		}
-
-		const auto& verticesStartPos()const
-		{
-			return verticesStartPos_;
-		}
-
-		const auto& surfaceNumPoints()const
-		{
-			return surfaceNumPoints_;
-		}
-
-		auto& surfaceNumPoints()
-		{
-			return surfaceNumPoints_;
-		}
-
-		int32 surfNumPoints(int32 i)const
-		{
-			return surfaceNumPoints_[i];
-		}
-
-		int32 surfNumTriangles(int32 i)const
-		{
-			return surfaceNumVertices_[i];
-		}
-
-		int32 surfSize(int32 i)const
-		{
-			return surfNumTriangles(i);
-		}
-
-		word surfaceName(int32 i)const
-		{
-			return surfaceNames_[i];
-		}
-
-	//// - IO operations
-
-		bool readMultiTriSurface(iIstream& is);
-
-		bool writeMultiTriSurface(iOstream& os)const;
-
-		bool read(iIstream& is)
-		{
-			return readMultiTriSurface(is);
-		}
-
-		bool write(iOstream& os)const
-		{
-			return writeMultiTriSurface(os);
-		}
-
-};
-
-inline iIstream& operator >> (iIstream & is, multiTriSurface & tri )
-{
-	if(!tri.readMultiTriSurface(is))
-	{
-	 	ioErrorInFile(is.name(), is.lineNumber())<<
-	 	"  error in reading multiTriSurface from file.\n";
-	 	fatalExit;
-	}
-	return is;
-}
-
-inline iOstream& operator << (iOstream& os, const multiTriSurface& tri)
-{
-	if( !tri.writeMultiTriSurface(os) )
-	{
-		ioErrorInFile(os.name(), os.lineNumber())<<
-	 	"  error in writing multiTriSurface to file.\n";
-	 	fatalExit;
-	}
-	return os;
-}
-
-}
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/triSurface.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/triSurface.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index ff23104b..00000000
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/triSurface.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,234 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
-#include "triSurface.hpp"
-#include "error.hpp"
-#include "iOstream.hpp"
-#include "triSurfaceKernels.hpp"
-
-
-pFlow::int32  pFlow::triSurface::addTriangle
-(
-	const realx3x3 & tri,
-	realx3Vector& points,
-	int32x3Vector& vertices
-)
-{
-	int32x3 newTri;
-
-		// first point
-	if ( int32 i = find(points, tri.x()) ; i > -1)
-	{ 
-		newTri.x() = i; // existing point 
-	}
-	else
-	{ 
-		points.push_back(tri.x());  // new point
-		newTri.x() = static_cast<int32>(points.size()) - 1;
-	}
-	
-	// second point
-	
-	if ( int32 j = find(points, tri.y()) ; j > -1)
-	{ 
-		newTri.y() = j; // existing point 
-	}
-	else
-	{ 
-		points.push_back(tri.y());  // new point
-		newTri.y() = static_cast<int32>(points.size()) - 1;
-	}
-	
-	// third point 
-	
-	if ( int32 k = find(points, tri.z()) ; k > -1)
-	{ 
-		newTri.z() = k; // existing point 
-	}
-	else
-	{ 
-		points.push_back(tri.z());  // new point
-		newTri.z() = static_cast<int32>(points.size()) - 1;
-	}
-	
-	// adds the new tirple vertices to the list
-	vertices.push_back( newTri );
-
-	//output<< " points " <<points << endl;
-	//output<< " vertices "<<vertices <<endl;
-
-	return static_cast<int32>(vertices.size()) -1;
-}
-
-pFlow::int32 pFlow::triSurface::calcMaxIndex()const
-{
-
-	int32 maxIdx = -1;
-
-	if(vertices_.size()>0)
-	{
-		auto verDeviceVec = vertices_.deviceVectorAll();
-		
-		Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
-			"triSurface::calcMaxIndex",
-			vertices_.size(),
-			LAMBDA_HD(int32 i, int32& valueToUpdate){
-				valueToUpdate = max(valueToUpdate, max(verDeviceVec[i]));
-			},
-			Kokkos::Max<int32>( maxIdx )
-			);
-	}
-
-	return maxIdx;
-}
-
-bool pFlow::triSurface::check()
-{
-
-	auto maxIdx = calcMaxIndex();
-	maxIndex_ = maxIdx;
-	if( maxIdx >= static_cast<int32>(points_.size())) return false;
-	return true;
-}
-
-
-// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *//
-pFlow::triSurface::triSurface()
-:
-	points_("points"),
-	vertices_("vertices"),
-	area_("area"),
-	maxIndex_(-1)
-{}
-
-pFlow::triSurface::triSurface
-(
-	const realx3Vector& points,
-	const int32x3Vector& vertices
-)
-:
-	points_("points", "points", points),
-	vertices_("vertices", "vertices", vertices),
-	area_("area", "area"),
-	maxIndex_(-1)
-{
-	if( check() )
-	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"the indices and number of points do not match. \n";
-		fatalExit;
-	}
-
-	area_.reallocate(vertices_.capacity(), vertices_.size());
-
-	pFlow::triSurfaceKernels::calculateArea(points_, vertices_, area_);
-
-}
-
-
-pFlow::triSurface::triSurface
-(
-	const realx3x3Vector& triangles
-)
-:
-	points_("points"),
-	vertices_("vertices"),
-	area_("area")
-{
-
-	Vector<realx3> points;
-	Vector<int32x3> vertices;
-	
-	points.clear();
-	vertices.clear();
-
-	for( const auto& tr: triangles)
-	{
-		if(auto i= addTriangle(tr, points, vertices); i < 0 )
-		{
-			fatalErrorInFunction <<
-			"failed to insert a triangle into triSurface. \n";
-			fatalExit;
-		}
-	}
-
-	points_.assign(points);
-
-	vertices_.assign(vertices);
-
-	area_.reallocate(vertices_.capacity(), vertices_.size());
-
-	pFlow::triSurfaceKernels::calculateArea(points_, vertices_, area_);
-
-	if( !check() )
-	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"the indices and number of points do not match. \n";
-		fatalExit;
-	}
-}
-
-
-bool pFlow::triSurface::readTriSurface
-(
-	iIstream& is
-)
-{
-
-	std::cout<<"triSurface file is binary "<< is.isBinary()<<std::endl;
-
-	is.fatalCheck(FUNCTION_NAME);
-
-	// from start of file
-	if(!points_.read(is)) return false;
-	
-	// from the current position
-	if(!vertices_.read(is, true)) return false;
-	
-	if( !check() )
-	{
-		ioErrorInFile( is.name(), is.lineNumber() ) <<
-		"the indices and number of points do not match. \n";
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	area_.reallocate(vertices_.capacity(), vertices_.size());
-
-	pFlow::triSurfaceKernels::calculateArea(points_, vertices_, area_);
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool pFlow::triSurface::writeTriSurface
-(
-	iOstream& os
-)const
-{
-	
-	os << points_;
-	os << vertices_;
-
-	return os.check(FUNCTION_NAME);;
-}
-
-
-
-
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/triSurface.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/triSurface.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 0583b353..00000000
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/triSurface.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,288 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
-#ifndef __triSurface_hpp__
-#define __triSurface_hpp__
-
-#include "eventSubscriber.hpp"
-#include "types.hpp"
-#include "Vectors.hpp"
-#include "VectorSingles.hpp"
-#include "Fields.hpp"
-
-namespace pFlow
-{
-
-
-class iIstream;
-class iOstream;
-
-class triSurface
-:
-	public eventSubscriber
-{
-public:
-	
-	class triangleAccessor
-	{
-	public:
-
-	protected:
-		int32 		numPoints_;
-		
-		int32 		numTriangles_;
-
-		deviceViewType1D<realx3> dPoints_;
-		
-		deviceViewType1D<int32x3>  dVectices_;
-	public:
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		triangleAccessor(
-			int32 	numPoints,
-			deviceViewType1D<realx3> points,
-			int32 	numTrianlges,
-			deviceViewType1D<int32x3> vertices )
-		:
-			numPoints_(numPoints),
-			numTriangles_(numTrianlges),
-			dPoints_(points),
-			dVectices_(vertices)
-		{}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		triangleAccessor(const triangleAccessor&)= default;
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		triangleAccessor& operator=(const triangleAccessor&)= default;
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		triangleAccessor(triangleAccessor&&)= default;
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		triangleAccessor& operator=(triangleAccessor&&)= default;
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		~triangleAccessor()=default;
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		realx3x3 triangle(int32 i)const	{
-			auto v = dVectices_[i];
-			return realx3x3(
-					dPoints_[v.x_],
-					dPoints_[v.y_],
-					dPoints_[v.z_]);
-		}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		realx3x3 operator()(int32 i)const { return triangle(i);	}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		realx3x3 operator[](int32 i)const {	return triangle(i);	}
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		int32 numPoints()const { return numPoints_; }
-
-		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-		int32 numTrianlges()const { return numTriangles_;}
-	};
-
-protected:
-
-	/// points of triangles
-	realx3Field_D points_;
-
-	/// vectices indices of triangles 
-	int32x3Field_D vertices_;
-
-	/// area of each triangle 
-	realField_D  	area_;
-
-	int32 maxIndex_ = -1; 
-
-	
-	// protected methods 
-
-
-		int32 addTriangle(const realx3x3 & tri, realx3Vector& points, int32x3Vector& vertices);
-
-		// - check if the range of indices in vectors match 
-		bool check();
-
-public:
-
-	// - type info
-	TypeInfo("triSurface");
-
-	//// - Constructors
-
-		// - empty
-		triSurface();
-
-		// - construct from components
-		triSurface(const realx3Vector& points, const int32x3Vector& vertices);
-
-		// - construct from vertices of triangles 
-		triSurface(const realx3x3Vector& triangles);
-
-		virtual ~triSurface() = default;
-
-	//// - Methods
-		size_t numPoints() const
-		{
-			return points_.size();
-		}
-
-		size_t numTriangles()const
-		{
-			return vertices_.size();
-		}
-
-		size_t size()const
-		{
-			return numTriangles();
-		}
-
-		size_t capacity()const
-		{
-			return vertices_.capacity();
-		}
-
-		int32 maxIndex()const
-		{
-			return maxIndex_;
-		}
-
-		auto getTriangleAccessor()const
-		{
-			return triangleAccessor(
-				numPoints(),
-				points_.deviceVectorAll(),
-				numTriangles(),
-				vertices_.deviceVectorAll()
-				);
-		}
-
-		const realx3Vector_D& points() const
-		{
-			return points_;
-		}
-
-		realx3Vector_D& points()
-		{
-			return points_;
-		}
-
-		const realVector_D& area()const
-		{
-			return area_;
-		}
-
-		realVector_D& area()
-		{
-			return area_;
-		}		
-
-		const realx3* pointsData_D()const
-		{
-			return points_.deviceVectorAll().data();
-		}
-
-		realx3* pointsData_D()
-		{
-			return points_.deviceVectorAll().data();
-		}
-
-		const int32x3Vector_D& vertices() const
-		{
-			return vertices_;
-		}
-
-		int32x3Vector_D& vertices()
-		{
-			return vertices_;
-		}
-
-		int32x3* verticesData_D()
-		{
-			return vertices_.deviceVectorAll().data();
-		}
-
-		const int32x3* verticesData_D()const
-		{
-			return vertices_.deviceVectorAll().data();
-		}
-
-		void clear()
-		{
-			points_.clear();
-			vertices_.clear();
-			area_.clear();
-		}
-
-		int32 calcMaxIndex()const;
-		
-	//// - IO operations 
-
-		bool readTriSurface(iIstream& is);
-
-		bool writeTriSurface(iOstream& os)const;
-
-		bool read(iIstream& is)
-		{
-			return readTriSurface(is);
-		}
-
-		bool write(iOstream& os)const
-		{
-			return writeTriSurface(os);
-		}
-
-};
-
-inline iIstream& operator >> (iIstream & is, triSurface & tri )
-{
-	if(!tri.readTriSurface(is))
-	{
-	 	ioErrorInFile(is.name(), is.lineNumber())<<
-	 	"  error in reading triSurface from file.\n";
-	 	fatalExit;
-	}
-	return is;
-}
-
-inline iOstream& operator << (iOstream& os, const triSurface& tri)
-{
-	if( !tri.writeTriSurface(os) )
-	{
-		ioErrorInFile(os.name(), os.lineNumber())<<
-	 	"  error in writing triSurface to file.\n";
-	 	fatalExit;
-	}
-	return os;
-}
-
-
-} // pFlow
-
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/zAxis/array2D.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/zAxis/array2D.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3a1bb059
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/zAxis/array2D.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+
+#ifndef __array2D_hpp__
+#define __array2D_hpp__
+
+#include "iOstream.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+template<typename T, size_t nRow, size_t nCol>
+struct array2D
+{
+
+    T   elements_[nRow][nCol];
+
+    inline
+    T& operator()(size_t i, size_t j) noexcept
+    {
+        return elements_[i][j];
+    }
+
+    inline
+    const T& operator()(size_t i, size_t j)const noexcept
+    {
+        return elements_[i][j];
+    }
+
+    constexpr size_t size()const noexcept
+    {
+        return  nRow*nCol;
+    }
+
+
+    constexpr size_t nCols()const noexcept
+    {
+        return nCol;
+    }
+
+    constexpr size_t nRows()const noexcept
+    {
+        return nRow;
+    }
+    
+};
+
+template<typename T, size_t nRow, size_t nCol>
+array2D<T, nRow, nCol> operator+(
+    const array2D<T, nRow, nCol>& arr1, 
+    const array2D<T, nRow, nCol>& arr2)
+{
+    array2D<T, nRow, nCol> res;
+
+    for(size_t i=0; i<nRow; i++)
+        for(size_t j=0; j<nCol; j++)
+            res(i,j)= arr1(i,j)+arr2(i,j);
+    return res;
+}
+
+template<typename T, size_t nRow, size_t nCol>
+array2D<T, nRow, nCol> operator-(
+    const array2D<T, nRow, nCol>& arr1, 
+    const array2D<T, nRow, nCol>& arr2)
+{
+    array2D<T, nRow, nCol> res;
+
+    for(size_t i=0; i<nRow; i++)
+        for(size_t j=0; j<nCol; j++)
+            res(i,j)= arr1(i,j)-arr2(i,j);
+    return res;
+}
+
+template<typename T, size_t nRow, size_t nCol>
+array2D<T, nRow, nCol> operator*(
+    const array2D<T, nRow, nCol>& arr1, 
+    const array2D<T, nRow, nCol>& arr2)
+{
+    array2D<T, nRow, nCol> res;
+
+    for(size_t i=0; i<nRow; i++)
+        for(size_t j=0; j<nCol; j++)
+            res(i,j)= arr1(i,j)*arr2(i,j);
+    return res;
+}
+
+template<typename T, size_t nRow, size_t nCol>
+array2D<T, nRow, nCol> operator*(
+    const T& s, 
+    const array2D<T, nRow, nCol>& arr2)
+{
+    array2D<T, nRow, nCol> res;
+
+    for(size_t i=0; i<nRow; i++)
+        for(size_t j=0; j<nCol; j++)
+            res(i,j)= s*arr2(i,j);
+    return res;
+}
+
+template<typename T, size_t nRow, size_t nCol>
+array2D<T, nRow, nCol> operator/(
+    const array2D<T, nRow, nCol>& arr1, 
+    const array2D<T, nRow, nCol>& arr2)
+{
+    array2D<T, nRow, nCol> res;
+
+    for(size_t i=0; i<nRow; i++)
+        for(size_t j=0; j<nCol; j++)
+            res(i,j)= arr1(i,j)/arr2(i,j);
+    return res;
+}
+
+template<typename T, size_t nRow, size_t nCol>
+array2D<T, nRow, nCol> operator/(
+    const T& val,
+    const array2D<T, nRow, nCol>& arr2)
+{
+    array2D<T, nRow, nCol> res;
+
+    for(size_t i=0; i<nRow; i++)
+        for(size_t j=0; j<nCol; j++)
+            res(i,j)= val/arr2(i,j);
+    return res;
+}
+
+template <typename T, size_t nRow, size_t nInner, size_t nCol >
+array2D<T, nRow, nCol> 
+MatMul(
+    const array2D<T, nRow, nInner>& A, 
+    const array2D<T, nInner, nCol>& B)
+{
+    array2D<T, nRow, nCol> C;
+	
+    for (size_t row = 0; row < nRow; row++)
+	{
+		for (size_t col = 0; col < nCol; col++)
+		{
+			T sum = 0;
+			for (size_t inner = 0; inner < nInner; inner++)
+			{
+				sum += A(row,inner) * B(inner,col);
+			}
+			C(row,col) = sum;
+		}
+	}
+
+    return C;
+}
+
+template<typename T, size_t nRow, size_t nCol>
+array2D<T, nCol, nRow> 
+transpose(const array2D<T, nRow, nCol>& arr)
+{
+    array2D<T, nCol, nRow> tArr;
+
+    for(size_t i=0; i<nRow; i++)
+    {
+        for(size_t j=0; j<nCol; j++)
+        {
+            tArr(j,i) = arr(i,j);
+        }
+    }
+    return tArr;
+}
+
+template<typename T, size_t nRow, size_t nCol>
+iOstream& operator<<(iOstream& os, const array2D<T, nRow, nCol>& arr)
+{
+    os<<'[';
+    for(size_t i=0; i<nRow; i++)
+    {
+        os<<'[';
+        for(size_t j=0; j<nCol-1; j++)
+        {
+            os<<arr(i,j)<<' ';
+        }
+
+        if(i < nRow-1)    
+            os<<arr(i,nCol-1)<<"]\n";
+        else
+            os<<arr(i,nCol-1)<<"]";
+    }
+    os<<']';
+
+    return os;
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif //__array2D_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/zAxis/zAxis.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/zAxis/zAxis.cpp
index ee906c8f..81be8bf5 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/zAxis/zAxis.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/zAxis/zAxis.cpp
@@ -22,129 +22,60 @@ Licence:
 #include "zAxis.hpp"
 
 
-pFlow::zAxis::zAxis(const realx3 &p1, const realx3 &p2) :
-p1_(p1),
-p2_(p2)
+pFlow::zAxis::zAxis(const realx3 &p1, const realx3 &p2) 
+:
+	p1_(p1),
+	p2_(p2)
 {
-	n_ = p2-p1;
-	auto len = pFlow::length(n_);
-
-	if(len < smallValue )
+	if( equal(p1,p2))
 	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"points are equal "<< p1 <<" "<<p2<<endl;
 		fatalExit;
 	}
-	n_ /= len;
-
-	makeTransMatrix();
+	makeTransMatrix(p2-p1);
 }
 
-pFlow::realx3 pFlow::zAxis::transferToZ(const realx3 & p)
+pFlow::realx3 pFlow::zAxis::transferToZ(const realx3 & p)const
 {
-	real pp[4][1] = {p.x(), p.y(), p.z(), 1.0};
-	real pn[4][1];
-
-	MatMul(Trans_z_xz_P1_, pp, pn);
+	const auto p0 = p1_-p;
+	array2D<real,3,1> po {p0.x(), p0.y(), p0.z()}; 
 	
-	return realx3(
-		pn[0][0],
-		pn[1][0],
-		pn[2][0]
-		);
+	auto tp = MatMul(rotMat_, po);
+	
+	return realx3(tp(0,0), tp(1,0), tp(2,0));
 
 }
 
-pFlow::realx3 pFlow::zAxis::transferBackZ(const realx3 & p)
+pFlow::realx3 pFlow::zAxis::transferBackZ(const realx3 & p)const
 {
-	real pp[4][1] = { p.x(), p.y(), p.z(), 1.0 };
-	real pn[4][1];
 
-	MatMul(ITrans_P1_xz_z_, pp, pn);
+	auto rp = MatMul(invRotMat_,array2D<real,3,1>{p.x(), p.y(), p.z()});
 
-	return realx3(
-		pn[0][0],
-		pn[1][0],
-		pn[2][0]
-		);
+	return realx3(rp(0,0)+p1_.x(),rp(1,0)+p1_.y(), rp(2,0)+p1_.z());
 }
 
 
-void pFlow::zAxis::makeTransMatrix()
+
+
+void pFlow::zAxis::makeTransMatrix(const realx3& vec)
 {
-	
-	// transfering point p1 to the origin
-	real TransP1[4][4] =
-	{
-		1.0, 0.0, 0.0, -p1_.x(),
-		0.0, 1.0, 0.0, -p1_.y(),
-		0.0, 0.0, 1.0, -p1_.z(),
-		0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0
-	};
+	const realx3 Unit = {0,0,1};
+	const auto v_unit = normalize(vec);
+	auto uvw = cross(v_unit,Unit);
 
-	// for transformation back
-	real ITransP1[4][4] =
-	{
-		1.0, 0.0, 0.0, p1_.x(),
-		0.0, 1.0, 0.0, p1_.y(),
-		0.0, 0.0, 1.0, p1_.z(),
-		0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0
-	};
+	const auto rcos = dot(v_unit, Unit);
+    const auto rsin = uvw.length();
 
-	
-	real u = n_.x();
-	real v = n_.y();
-	real w = n_.z();
-	real u2v2 = sqrt(u*u + v*v);
+	if (abs(rsin) > smallValue)
+        uvw /= rsin;
+	const auto& [u, v, w] = uvw;
 
-	//correcting the transformation matrix in the case of coincidence with z - axis
-	if ( equal(w,1.0) )
-	{
-		assignMat(TransP1 , Trans_z_xz_P1_);
-		assignMat(ITransP1, ITrans_P1_xz_z_);
-		return;
-	}
+	rotMat_ = 
+	ArrayType({rcos, 0, 0, 0, rcos, 0, 0, 0, rcos})+
+	ArrayType({0, -w, v, w, 0, -u, -v, u, 0})+
+	(1-rcos)*ArrayType({u*u, u*v, u*w, u*v, v*v, w*v, u*w, v*w, w*w});
 
-	u2v2 = max(smallValue, u2v2);
+	invRotMat_ = transpose(rotMat_);
 
-	real TransXZ[4][4] =
-	{
-		u / u2v2, v / u2v2, 0.0, 0.0,
-		-v / u2v2, u / u2v2, 0.0, 0.0,
-		0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0,
-		0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0
-	};
-
-	real TransZ[4][4] =
-	{
-		w, 0.0, -u2v2, 0.0,
-		0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
-		u2v2, 0.0, w, 0.0,
-		0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0
-	};
-
-	real temp[4][4];
-	// creat transformation matrix to transfer point from line axis to z-axis
-	MatMul(TransXZ, TransP1, temp);
-	MatMul(TransZ, temp, Trans_z_xz_P1_);
-
-
-	real ITransXZ[4][4] =
-	{
-		u / u2v2, -v / u2v2, 0.0, 0.0,
-		+v / u2v2, u / u2v2, 0.0, 0.0,
-		0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0,
-		0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0
-	};
-
-	real ITransZ[4][4] =
-	{
-		w, 0.0, +u2v2, 0.0,
-		0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
-		-u2v2, 0.0, w, 0.0,
-		0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0
-	};
-
-	// creat transformation matrix to transfer point to from z-axis to line axis
-	MatMul(ITransXZ, ITransZ, temp);
-	MatMul(ITransP1, temp, ITrans_P1_xz_z_);
-
-}
+}  
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/zAxis/zAxis.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/zAxis/zAxis.hpp
index 7dabf7cc..b791164b 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/zAxis/zAxis.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/zAxis/zAxis.hpp
@@ -29,78 +29,53 @@ p1 and p2
 #define __zAxis_hpp__
 
 #include "types.hpp"
+#include "array2D.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-template <typename T, int32 nRow, int32 nInner, int32 nCol >
-void MatMul(T(&A)[nRow][nInner], T(&B)[nInner][nCol], T(&C)[nRow][nCol]);
-
-template <typename T, int32 nRow, int32 nCol >
-void assignMat(T(&A)[nRow][nCol], T(&B)[nRow][nCol]);
 
 class zAxis
 {
+
+private:
+	
+	using ArrayType = array2D<real,3uL,3uL>;
+
+	/// the origin of the transformed coord
+	realx3 			p1_;
+
+	/// the direction vector of rotated coordinates 
+	realx3 			p2_;
+
+	/// transformation matrix to rotate original coordinates
+	/// to rotated coordinates 
+	ArrayType 		rotMat_;
+
+	/// rotation matrix to rotate back from rotated coordinates
+	/// to the original axis
+	ArrayType 		invRotMat_;
+
+	void makeTransMatrix(const realx3& v);
+
 public:
 	// constructors 
 	zAxis(const realx3 &lp1, const realx3 &lp2);
 	
+	inline
 	real length()const
 	{
 		return pFlow::length(p2_-p1_);
 	}
 
-	realx3 transferToZ(const realx3 & p);
+	realx3 transferToZ(const realx3 & p)const;
 
-	realx3 transferBackZ(const realx3 & p);
+	realx3 transferBackZ(const realx3 & p)const;
 
-private:
-	void makeTransMatrix();
-protected:
 
-	realx3 p1_;
-	realx3 p2_;
-	realx3 n_;
-
-	real Trans_z_xz_P1_[4][4];
-
-	real ITrans_P1_xz_z_[4][4];
 };
 
 
-
-template <typename T, int32 nRow, int32 nInner, int32 nCol >
-void MatMul(T(&A)[nRow][nInner], T(&B)[nInner][nCol], T(&C)[nRow][nCol])
-{
-
-	for (int32 row = 0; row < nRow; row++)
-	{
-		for (int32 col = 0; col < nCol; col++)
-		{
-			T sum = 0;
-			for (int inner = 0; inner < nInner; inner++)
-			{
-				sum += A[row][inner] * B[inner][col];
-			}
-			C[row][col] = sum;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-template <typename T, int32 nRow, int32 nCol >
-void assignMat(T(&A)[nRow][nCol], T(&B)[nRow][nCol])
-{
-
-	for (int32 row = 0; row < nRow; row++)
-	{
-		for (int32 col = 0; col < nCol; col++)
-		{
-			B[row][col] = A[row][col];
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/multiTriSurface.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/multiTriSurface.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e73f4382
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/multiTriSurface.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+
+#include "multiTriSurface.hpp"
+
+pFlow::multiTriSurface::multiTriSurface
+(
+	const objectFile &obj, 
+	repository *owner
+)
+:
+	triSurface(obj, owner),
+	subscriber("multiTriSurface")
+{
+	if( !IOobject::readObject() )
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<<
+        "Error in reading from file "<<IOobject::path()<<endl;
+        fatalExit;
+    }
+}
+
+pFlow::multiTriSurface::multiTriSurface
+(
+	const objectFile &objf, 
+	repository *owner, 
+	const multiTriSurface &surf
+)
+:
+	triSurface(objf, owner, surf),
+	subscriber("multiTriSurface"),
+	subSurfaces_(surf.subSurfaces_)
+{
+	
+}
+
+bool pFlow::multiTriSurface::appendSurface
+(
+	const word &name, 
+	const realx3x3Vector &triangles
+)
+{
+	uint32 start = size();
+	uint32 pointStart = numPoints();
+
+	if(!triSurface::append(triangles))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction;
+		return false;
+	}
+	uint32 end = size();
+	uint32 pointEnd = numPoints();
+	subSurfaces_.emplace_back(name, start, end, pointStart, pointEnd);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::multiTriSurface::read(iIstream &is, const IOPattern &iop)
+{	
+	subSurfaces_.clear();
+
+	if( !is.findKeywordAndVal("subSurfaces", subSurfaces_ ) )
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"Error in reading subSurfaces from stream "<< is.name()<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+    return triSurface::read(is, iop);
+}
+
+bool pFlow::multiTriSurface::write
+(
+    iOstream &os,
+    const IOPattern &iop
+) const
+{	
+
+	
+	if( iop.thisProcWriteData() )
+	{
+		os.writeWordEntry("subSurfaces", subSurfaces_);
+		if(!os.check(FUNCTION_NAME))return false;
+	}
+	
+	return triSurface::write(os,iop);
+}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/multiTriSurface.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/multiTriSurface.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b95977d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/multiTriSurface.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+
+#ifndef __multiTriSurface_hpp__
+#define __multiTriSurface_hpp__
+
+#include "subscriber.hpp"
+#include "triSurface.hpp"
+#include "subSurface.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class multiTriSurface
+:
+	public triSurface,
+	public subscriber
+{
+private:
+
+	subSurfaceList subSurfaces_;
+
+public:
+
+	// - type info
+	TypeInfo("multiTriSurface");
+
+	//// - Constructors
+
+		/// @brief  Construct from objectFile and owner repository.
+		/// This is mainly used for reading from file.
+		/// @param obj object file 
+		/// @param owner owner repository 
+		multiTriSurface(const objectFile& obj, repository* owner);
+
+		/// @brief Construct from another multiTriSurface 
+		multiTriSurface(
+			const objectFile& objf, 
+			repository* owner, 
+			const multiTriSurface& surf);
+
+		/// @brief Copy construct (default)
+		multiTriSurface(const multiTriSurface&) = default;
+
+		/// @brief Copy assignment (default)
+		multiTriSurface& operator = (const multiTriSurface&) = default;
+
+		/// @brief  No move construct
+		multiTriSurface(multiTriSurface&&) = delete;
+
+		/// @brief No move assignment 
+		multiTriSurface& operator = (multiTriSurface&&) = delete;
+
+		/// @brief  default destructor 
+		~multiTriSurface() override = default;
+
+	//// - Methods
+
+		bool appendSurface(
+			const word& name, 
+			const realx3x3Vector& vertices);
+
+		uint32 numSurfaces()const
+		{
+			return static_cast<uint32>(subSurfaces_.size());
+		}
+
+		const subSurfaceList& subSurfaces()const
+		{
+			return subSurfaces_;
+		}
+		
+		rangeU32 subSurfaceRange(uint32 nSub)const
+		{
+			if( !(nSub < numSurfaces() ) )
+			{
+				fatalErrorInFunction;
+				fatalExit;
+			}
+			return {subSurfaces_[nSub].start(),subSurfaces_[nSub].end()};
+		}
+
+		rangeU32 subSurfacePointRange(uint32 nSub)const
+		{
+			if( !(nSub < numSurfaces() ) )
+			{
+				fatalErrorInFunction;
+				fatalExit;
+			}
+			return {
+				subSurfaces_[nSub].pointStart(),
+				subSurfaces_[nSub].pointEnd()};
+		}
+
+		/// @brief Clear the content of object
+		void clear()
+		{
+			triSurface::clear();
+			subSurfaces_.clear();
+		}
+
+		
+		uint32 subSurfaceSize(uint32 nSub)const
+		{
+			if(nSub<numSurfaces())
+			{
+				return subSurfaceRange(nSub).numElements();
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				return 0;
+			}
+		}
+
+		uint32 subSurfaceNumPoints(uint32 nSub)const
+		{
+			if(nSub<numSurfaces())
+			{
+				return subSurfacePointRange(nSub).numElements();
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				return 0;
+			}
+		}
+		
+		word subSurfaceName(uint32 nSub)const
+		{
+			if(nSub<numSurfaces())
+			{
+				return subSurfaces_[nSub].name();
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				return "";
+			}
+		}
+
+	//// - IO operations
+
+		
+
+		bool read(iIstream& is, const IOPattern& iop)override;
+
+
+		bool write(iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop)const override;
+		
+
+};
+
+
+inline iOstream& operator << (iOstream& os, const multiTriSurface& tri)
+{
+	if( !tri.write(os, IOPattern::AllProcessorsDifferent) )
+	{
+		ioErrorInFile(os.name(), os.lineNumber())<<
+	 	"  error in writing multiTriSurface to file.\n";
+	 	fatalExit;
+	}
+	return os;
+}
+
+} // pFlow
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/subSurface.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/subSurface.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9fbd406b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/subSurface.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#include "subSurface.hpp"
+
+pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::operator<<(iOstream &str, const subSurface &sub)
+{
+    
+    str.beginSquare()<<sub.name_<<token::SPACE<<
+    sub.start_<<token::SPACE<<sub.end_<<token::SPACE<<
+    sub.pointStart_<<token::SPACE<<sub.pointEnd_;
+    str.endSquare();  
+	str.check(FUNCTION_NAME);
+    return str;
+
+}
+
+pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::operator>>(iIstream &str, subSurface &sub)
+{
+    str.readBeginSquare("subSurface");
+    str >> sub.name_;
+    str >> sub.start_;
+    str >> sub.end_;
+    str >> sub.pointStart_;
+    str >> sub.pointEnd_;
+    str.readEndSquare("subSurface");
+    str.check(FUNCTION_NAME);
+    return str;
+}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/subSurface.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/subSurface.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..430dbbeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/subSurface.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "types.hpp"
+#include "List.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class subSurface
+{
+private:
+    uint32  start_= 0;
+
+    uint32  end_ =  0;
+
+    uint32  pointStart_ = 0;
+
+    uint32  pointEnd_=0;
+
+    word    name_;
+
+public:
+    subSurface()=default;
+
+    subSurface(const word& name, uint32 start, uint32 end, uint32 pointStart, uint32 pointEnd)
+    :
+        start_(start),
+        end_(end),
+        pointStart_(pointStart),
+        pointEnd_(pointEnd),
+        name_(name)
+    {}
+
+    subSurface(const subSurface&) = default;
+
+    subSurface& operator = (const subSurface&) = default;
+
+    ~subSurface()=default;
+
+    uint32 operator()(uint32 i)const
+    {
+        return start_ + i;
+    }
+    uint32 start()const
+    {
+        return start_;
+    }
+
+    uint32 end()const
+    {
+        return end_;
+    }
+
+    uint32 pointStart()const
+    {
+        return pointStart_;
+    }
+
+    uint32 pointEnd()const
+    {
+        return pointEnd_;
+    }
+    
+    const auto& name()const
+    {
+        return name_;
+    }
+
+    uint32 size()const
+    {
+        return end_-start_;
+    }
+
+    uint32 numPoints()const
+    {
+        return pointEnd_ - pointStart_;
+    }
+
+    friend iOstream& operator<< (iOstream& str, const subSurface & sub);
+		
+		/// >> operator 
+	friend iIstream& operator >> (iIstream & str, subSurface & sub);
+};
+
+iOstream& operator<< (iOstream& str, const subSurface & sub);
+
+iIstream& operator >> (iIstream & str, subSurface & sub);
+
+using subSurfaceList = List<subSurface>;
+
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/triSurface.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/triSurface.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ab18bb36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/triSurface.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+
+#include "triSurface.hpp"
+#include "error.hpp"
+#include "iOstream.hpp"
+#include "Vectors.hpp"
+#include "triSurfaceKernels.hpp"
+
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+bool convertToTriSurfaceComponents
+(
+	uint32 basePointIndex,
+	span<realx3x3> tris, 
+	realx3Vector& points,
+	uint32x3Vector& vertices,
+	realVector& area,
+	realx3Vector& normal
+)
+{
+	auto nt = tris.size();
+
+	points.clear();
+	points.reserve(nt);
+	
+	vertices.clear();
+	vertices.resize(nt);
+
+	area.clear();
+	area.resize(nt);
+
+	normal.clear();
+	normal.resize(nt);
+
+	for(auto i=0; i<nt; i++)
+	{
+		uint32x3 newTri;
+		const auto& tri = tris[i];
+		if(!pFlow::triangle::valid(tri.comp1(),tri.comp2(), tri.comp3()))
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<
+			"Invalid triangle "<< tri << endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if(auto np = find(points, tri.comp1()); np<0 )
+		{
+			points.push_back(tri.comp1());  // new point
+			newTri.comp1() = static_cast<uint32>( basePointIndex + points.size() - 1);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			newTri.comp1() = basePointIndex+static_cast<uint32>(np);
+		}
+
+		if(auto np = find(points, tri.comp2()); np<0 )
+		{
+			points.push_back(tri.comp2());  // new point
+			newTri.comp2() = static_cast<uint32>( basePointIndex + points.size() - 1);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			newTri.comp2() = basePointIndex+static_cast<uint32>(np);
+		}
+
+		if(auto np = find(points, tri.comp3()); np<0 )
+		{
+			points.push_back(tri.comp3());  // new point
+			newTri.comp3() = static_cast<uint32>( basePointIndex + points.size() - 1);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			newTri.comp3() = basePointIndex+static_cast<uint32>(np);
+		}
+
+		vertices[i] = newTri;
+		normal[i] = triangle::normal(tri.comp1(), tri.comp2(), tri.comp3());
+		area[i] = triangle::surface(tri.comp1(), tri.comp2(), tri.comp3());
+	}
+	
+	return true;
+}
+
+}
+
+bool pFlow::triSurface::calculateNormals()
+{
+    return pFlow::triSurfaceKernels::calculateNormals(
+		points_, 
+		vertices_, 
+		normals_);
+}
+
+bool pFlow::triSurface::calculateArea()
+{
+    return pFlow::triSurfaceKernels::calculateArea(
+		points_,
+		vertices_,
+		area_);
+}
+
+bool pFlow::triSurface::append
+(
+	const realx3x3Field_H &triangles
+)
+{
+	uint32 basePointIndex = numPoints();
+
+	auto triData = triangles.getSpan();
+
+	realx3Vector points("points");
+	uint32x3Vector vertices("vertices");
+	realVector area("area");
+	realx3Vector normal("normal");
+
+	if( !convertToTriSurfaceComponents(
+		basePointIndex, 
+		triData,
+		points,
+		vertices,
+		area,
+		normal))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"Error in constructing triSuface from raw data "<<triangles.name()<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	points_.append(points);
+	vertices_.append(vertices);
+	area_.append(area);
+	normals_.append(normal);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::triSurface::append(const realx3x3Vector &triangles)
+{
+    uint32 basePointIndex = numPoints();
+
+	auto triData = triangles.getSpan();
+
+	realx3Vector points("points");
+	uint32x3Vector vertices("vertices");
+	realVector area("area");
+	realx3Vector normal("normal");
+
+	if( !convertToTriSurfaceComponents(
+		basePointIndex, 
+		triData,
+		points,
+		vertices,
+		area,
+		normal))
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<<
+		"Error in constructing triSuface from raw data "<<triangles.name()<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	points_.append(points);
+	vertices_.append(vertices);
+	area_.append(area);
+	normals_.append(normal);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+pFlow::triSurface::triSurface
+(
+    const objectFile &obj,
+    repository *owner
+)
+: 
+	IOobject
+	(
+        obj,
+        IOPattern::AllProcessorsSimilar,
+        owner
+	) 
+{
+	// this constructor is used by multiTrisurface and read operation is 
+	// done in that class 
+}
+
+pFlow::triSurface::triSurface
+(
+	const objectFile &objf,
+	repository* owner, 
+	const triSurface &surf
+)
+:
+	IOobject
+	(
+		objectFile
+		(
+			objf.name(),
+			objf.localPath(),
+			objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+			objf.wFlag()
+		),
+		IOPattern::AllProcessorsSimilar,
+		owner
+	),
+	points_(surf.points_),
+	vertices_(surf.vertices_),
+	area_(surf.area_),
+	normals_(surf.normals_)
+{}
+
+pFlow::triSurface::triSurface
+(
+    const realx3x3Field_H &triangles,
+    repository *owner
+)
+: 
+	IOobject
+	(
+        objectFile(
+            triangles.name(),
+            "",
+            IOobject::READ_NEVER,
+            IOobject::WRITE_ALWAYS),
+        IOPattern::AllProcessorsSimilar,
+        owner
+	)
+{
+	if( !append(triangles) )
+	{
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+bool pFlow::triSurface::read(iIstream &is, const IOPattern &iop)
+{
+	points_.clear();
+	if(!points_.read(is, iop, true))
+	{
+		ioErrorInFile(is.name(), is.lineNumber())<<
+		" when reading field "<< points_.name()<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	vertices_.clear();
+	if(!vertices_.read(is, iop, true))
+	{
+		ioErrorInFile(is.name(), is.lineNumber())<<
+		" when reading field "<< vertices_.name()<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+	
+	normals_.reallocate(vertices_.capacity(), vertices_.size());
+	area_.reallocate(vertices_.capacity(), vertices_.size());
+	calculateArea();
+	calculateNormals();
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::triSurface::write(iOstream &os, const IOPattern &iop) const
+{
+	if( !points_.write(os, iop))
+	{
+		ioErrorInFile(os.name(), os.lineNumber())<<
+		"when writing field "<<points_.name()<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if( !vertices_.write(os,iop) )
+	{
+		ioErrorInFile(os.name(), os.lineNumber())<<
+		"when writing field "<<vertices_.name()<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/triSurface.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/triSurface.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..204e0376
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/triSurface.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+
+#ifndef __triSurface_hpp__
+#define __triSurface_hpp__
+
+
+#include "Vectors.hpp"
+#include "Fields.hpp"
+#include "IOobject.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+
+class iIstream;
+class iOstream;
+class repository;
+
+
+class triangleAccessor
+{
+private:
+	uint32 		numPoints_;
+	
+	uint32 		numTriangles_;
+
+	deviceViewType1D<realx3> dPoints_;
+	
+	deviceViewType1D<uint32x3>  dVectices_;
+public:
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+	triangleAccessor(
+		uint32 	numPoints,
+		deviceViewType1D<realx3> points,
+		uint32 	numTrianlges,
+		deviceViewType1D<uint32x3> vertices )
+	:
+		numPoints_(numPoints),
+		numTriangles_(numTrianlges),
+		dPoints_(points),
+		dVectices_(vertices)
+	{}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	triangleAccessor(const triangleAccessor&)= default;
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	triangleAccessor& operator=(const triangleAccessor&)= default;
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	triangleAccessor(triangleAccessor&&)= default;
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	triangleAccessor& operator=(triangleAccessor&&)= default;
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	~triangleAccessor()=default;
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	realx3x3 triangle(uint32 i)const	{
+		auto v = dVectices_[i];
+		return realx3x3(
+				dPoints_[v.x_],
+				dPoints_[v.y_],
+				dPoints_[v.z_]);
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	realx3x3 operator()(uint32 i)const { return triangle(i);	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	realx3x3 operator[](uint32 i)const { return triangle(i);	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	uint32 numPoints()const { return numPoints_; }
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	uint32 numTrianlges()const { return numTriangles_;}
+};
+
+
+
+class triSurface
+:
+	public IOobject
+{
+private:
+
+	/// points of triangles
+	realx3Field_D 		points_{"points", "points"};
+
+	/// vectices indices of triangles 
+	uint32x3Field_D 	vertices_{"vertices", "vertices"};
+
+	/// area of each triangle 
+	realField_D  		area_{"area", "area"};
+
+	/// normal vector of triangles 
+	realx3Field_D 		normals_{"normals", "normals"};
+
+protected:
+	
+	bool calculateNormals();
+
+	bool calculateArea();
+
+	bool append(const realx3x3Field_H& triangles);
+
+	bool append(const realx3x3Vector& triangles);
+
+
+	// to be used by multiTriSurface
+	triSurface(const objectFile& obj, repository* owner);
+
+public:
+
+	// - type info
+	TypeInfo("triSurface");
+
+	triSurface(
+		const objectFile& objf, 
+		repository* owner, 
+		const triSurface& surf);
+
+	//// - Constructors
+		
+		// - construct from vertices of triangles 
+		explicit triSurface(const realx3x3Field_H& triangles, repository* owner=nullptr);
+
+		// - construct from components
+		//triSurface(const realx3Vector& points, const uint32x3Vector& vertices);		
+
+		~triSurface() override = default;
+
+
+	//// - Methods
+		uint32 numPoints() const
+		{
+			return points_.size();
+		}
+
+		uint32 size()const
+		{
+			return vertices_.size();
+		}
+
+		uint32 capacity()const
+		{
+			return vertices_.capacity();
+		}
+
+		const realx3Field_D& points() const
+		{
+			return points_;
+		}
+
+		realx3Field_D& points()
+		{
+			return points_;
+		}
+
+		const auto& area()const
+		{
+			return area_;
+		}
+
+		auto& area()
+		{
+			return area_;
+		}		
+
+		const uint32x3Field_D& vertices() const
+		{
+			return vertices_;
+		}
+
+		uint32x3Field_D& vertices()
+		{
+			return vertices_;
+		}
+
+		auto& normals()
+		{
+			return normals_;
+		}
+
+		const auto& normals()const
+		{
+			return normals_;
+		}
+
+		void clear()
+		{
+			points_.clear();
+			vertices_.clear();
+			area_.clear();
+			normals_.clear();
+		}
+
+		/// Obtain an object for accessing triangles 
+		auto getTriangleAccessor()const
+		{
+			return triangleAccessor( 
+				points_.size(),
+				points_.deviceViewAll(),
+				vertices_.size(),
+				vertices_.deviceViewAll());
+		}
+		
+	//// - IO operations 
+		
+		bool read(iIstream& is, const IOPattern& iop) override;
+
+		bool write(iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop)const override;
+};
+
+inline iIstream& operator >> (iIstream & is, triSurface & tri )
+{
+	if(!tri.read(is, IOPattern::AllProcessorsDifferent))
+	{
+	 	ioErrorInFile(is.name(), is.lineNumber())<<
+	 	"  error in reading triSurface from file.\n";
+	 	fatalExit;
+	}
+	return is;
+}
+
+inline iOstream& operator << (iOstream& os, const triSurface& tri)
+{
+	if( !tri.write(os, IOPattern::AllProcessorsDifferent) )
+	{
+		ioErrorInFile(os.name(), os.lineNumber())<<
+	 	"  error in writing triSurface to file.\n";
+	 	fatalExit;
+	}
+	return os;
+}
+
+
+} // pFlow
+
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/triSurfaceKernels.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/triSurfaceKernels.hpp
similarity index 62%
rename from src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/triSurfaceKernels.hpp
rename to src/phasicFlow/triSurface/triSurfaceKernels.hpp
index f9cba450..7f79d06a 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/triSurfaceKernels.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/triSurfaceKernels.hpp
@@ -29,19 +29,47 @@ namespace pFlow::triSurfaceKernels
 {
 
 INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-bool calculateArea(const realx3Field_D& points, const int32x3Field_D& vertices, realField_D& area)
+bool calculateArea(
+	const realx3Field_D& points, 
+	const uint32x3Field_D& vertices, 
+	realField_D& area)
 {
 	auto numTri = vertices.size();
-	auto areaD = area.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto pointsD = points.deviceVectorAll();
-	auto verticesD = vertices.deviceVectorAll();
+	auto& areaD = area.deviceViewAll();
+	auto& pointsD = points.deviceViewAll();
+	auto& verticesD = vertices.deviceViewAll();
 
 	Kokkos::parallel_for(
 		"pFlow::triSurfaceKernels::calculateArea",
 		numTri,
-		LAMBDA_HD(int32 i){
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){
 			auto v = verticesD[i];
-			areaD[i] = pFlow::triangleFunctions::triangleSurface(
+			areaD[i] = pFlow::triangle::surface(
+				pointsD[v.x()],
+				pointsD[v.y()],
+				pointsD[v.z()]);
+		});
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+bool calculateNormals(
+	const realx3Field_D& points, 
+	const uint32x3Field_D& vertices, 
+	realx3Field_D& normals)
+{
+	auto numTri = vertices.size();
+	auto& normalsD = normals.deviceViewAll();
+	auto& pointsD = points.deviceViewAll();
+	auto& verticesD = vertices.deviceViewAll();
+
+	Kokkos::parallel_for(
+		"pFlow::triSurfaceKernels::calculateNormals",
+		numTri,
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){
+			auto v = verticesD[i];
+			normalsD[i] = pFlow::triangle::normal(
 				pointsD[v.x()],
 				pointsD[v.y()],
 				pointsD[v.z()]);
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/triangleFunctions.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/triangleFunctions.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c6812d2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/triangleFunctions.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __triangleFunctions_hpp__
+#define __triangleFunctions_hpp__
+
+#include "types.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow::triangle
+{
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+real surface( const realx3& p1, const realx3& p2, const realx3& p3)
+{
+	realx3 V1 = p2 - p1;
+	realx3 V2 = p3 - p1;
+	return abs((cross(V1,V2)).length()/(real)2.0);	
+}
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+realx3 normal(const realx3& p1, const realx3& p2, const realx3& p3)
+{
+	auto n = cross(p2-p1, p3-p1);
+	if( equal(n.length(), 0.0) )
+    	return realx3(0);
+	else
+		return normalize(n);
+}
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+bool valid
+(
+	const realx3& p1, 
+	const realx3& p2, 
+	const realx3& p3
+)
+{
+  	return !equal(cross(p2-p1, p3-p1).length(), 0.0);
+}
+
+
+
+}
+
+#endif 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/typeSelection/typeInfo.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/typeSelection/typeInfo.hpp
index 31614d9a..1cd0e284 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/typeSelection/typeInfo.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/typeSelection/typeInfo.hpp
@@ -2,173 +2,295 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
 #ifndef __typeInfo_hpp__
 #define __typeInfo_hpp__
 
-#include <typeinfo>
 #include <cxxabi.h>
+#include <typeinfo>
 
 #include "bTypes.hpp"
 
-
-#define has_static_member(name)		 								\
-	template<typename, typename> 									\
-	struct has_static_member_##name;								\
-																	\
-	template<typename testType, typename Ret, typename... Args>		\
-	struct has_static_member_##name<testType, Ret(Args...)> {		\
-    	template<typename U, U> struct Check; 						\
-																	\
-    template<typename U> 											\
-    static std::true_type Test(Check<Ret(*)(Args...), &U::name>*); 	\
-    template<typename U>											\
-    static std::false_type Test(...);								\
-    static const bool value = decltype(Test<testType>(0))::value;	\
-};
-
-
-
-#define TypeInfo(tName)  \
-	inline static word TYPENAME() {return tName; } \
-	virtual word typeName() const {return TYPENAME();} 
-
-#define TypeInfoNV(tName)  \
-	inline static word TYPENAME() {return tName; } \
-	word typeName() const {return TYPENAME();} 
-
-
-#define TypeInfoTemplate(tName, Type)										\
-	has_static_member(TYPENAME);											\
-	inline static word TYPENAME()											\
-	{ 																		\
-	if constexpr( has_static_member_TYPENAME<Type,word(void)>::value) 		\
-		{ return word(tName)+"<"+Type::TYPENAME()+">";} 						\
-	else																	\
-		return word(tName)+"<"+basicTypeName<Type>()+">";						\
-	return "noTYPE"; 														\
-	}																		\
-	virtual word typeName() const { return TYPENAME();}
-
-#define TypeInfoTemplate2(tName, Type1, Type2)								\
-	has_static_member(TYPENAME);											\
-	inline static word TYPENAME()											\
-	{ 																		\
-	if constexpr( has_static_member_TYPENAME<Type1,word(void)>::value) 		\
-		{ return word(tName)+"<"+Type1::TYPENAME()+","+Type2::TYPENAME()+">";}	\
-	else																	\
-		return word(tName)+"<"+basicTypeName<Type1>()+","+Type2::TYPENAME()+">";\
-	return "noTYPE"; 														\
-	}																		\
-	virtual word typeName() const { return TYPENAME();}
-
-#define TypeInfoTemplate3(tName, Type1, Type2, Type3)						\
-	inline static word TYPENAME()											\
-	{ 																		\
-		return word(tName)+"<"+Type1::TYPENAME()+","+Type2::TYPENAME()+","+Type3::TYPENAME()+">";\
-	}																		\
-	virtual word typeName() const { return TYPENAME();}
-
-// this is the non-virtual version
-#define TypeInfoTemplateNV(tName, Type)										\
-	has_static_member(TYPENAME);											\
-	inline static word TYPENAME()											\
-	{ 																		\
-	if constexpr( has_static_member_TYPENAME<Type,word(void)>::value) 		\
-		{ return word(tName)+"<"+Type::TYPENAME()+">";} 					\
-	else																	\
-		return word(tName)+"<"+basicTypeName<Type>()+">";					\
-	return "noTYPE"; 														\
-	}																		\
-	inline word typeName() const { return TYPENAME();}
-
-
-#define TypeInfoTemplateNV2(tName, Type, tName2)							\
-	has_static_member(TYPENAME);											\
-	inline static word TYPENAME()											\
-	{ 																		\
-	if constexpr ( has_static_member_TYPENAME<Type,word(void)>::value) 		\
-		{ return word(tName)+"<"+Type::TYPENAME()+","+word(tName2)+">";} 	\
-	else																	\
-		return word(tName)+"<"+basicTypeName<Type>()+","+word(tName2)+">";	\
-	return "noTYPE"; 														\
-	}																		\
-	inline word typeName() const { return TYPENAME();}
-
-
-
+#define has_static_member(name)                                            \
+	template <typename, typename>                                          \
+	struct has_static_member_##name;                                       \
+                                                                           \
+	template <typename testType, typename Ret, typename... Args>           \
+	struct has_static_member_##name<testType, Ret(Args...)>                \
+	{                                                                      \
+		template <typename U, U>                                           \
+		struct Check;                                                      \
+                                                                           \
+		template <typename U>                                              \
+		static std::true_type Test(Check<Ret (*)(Args...), &U::name> *);   \
+		template <typename U>                                              \
+		static std::false_type Test(...);                                  \
+		static const bool      value = decltype(Test<testType>(0))::value; \
+	};
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
+//
+template <typename T>
+struct checkStatic
+{
+	has_static_member(TYPENAME);
 
-	template <typename T>
-	inline word basicTypeName()
+	static constexpr bool hasMember()
 	{
-		int status;
-		auto& ti = typeid(T);
-		char* realname = abi::__cxa_demangle(ti.name(), 0, 0, &status);
-	  	word name(realname);
-	  	free(realname);
-	  	return name;
+		return has_static_member_TYPENAME<T, word(void)>::value;
+	}
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+inline
+word basicTypeName()
+{
+	int   status;
+	auto &ti       = typeid(T);
+	char *realname = abi::__cxa_demangle(ti.name(), nullptr, nullptr, &status);
+	word  name(realname);
+	free(realname);
+	return name;
+}
+
+template <>
+inline word basicTypeName<word>()
+{
+	return "word";
+}
+
+template <>
+inline word basicTypeName<int64>()
+{
+	return "int64";
+}
+
+template <>
+inline word basicTypeName<int32>()
+{
+	return "int32";
+}
+
+template <>
+inline word basicTypeName<int8>()
+{
+	return "int8";
+}
+
+template <>
+inline word basicTypeName<uint64>()
+{
+	return "uint64";
+}
+
+template <>
+inline word basicTypeName<uint32>()
+{
+	return "uint32";
+}
+
+template <>
+inline word basicTypeName<uint8>()
+{
+	return "uint8";
+}
+
+template <>
+inline word basicTypeName<real>()
+{
+	return "real";
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline
+word getTypeName()
+{
+	if constexpr (checkStatic<T>::hasMember())
+	{
+		return T::TYPENAME();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		return basicTypeName<T>();
+	}
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline
+word getTypeName(const T &)
+{
+	if constexpr (checkStatic<T>::hasMember())
+	{
+		return T::TYPENAME();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		return basicTypeName<T>();
+	}
+}
+
+// compare the overriden typeName of object with concrete TYPENAME
+// of Type1
+template <typename Type1, typename Type2>
+bool checkType(Type2 *object)
+{
+	return getTypeName<Type1>() == object->typeName();
+}
+
+template <typename Type1, typename Type2>
+bool checkType(Type2 &object)
+{
+	return getTypeName<Type1>() == object.typeName();
+}
+} // namespace pFlow
+
+#define QuadrupleTypeInfoNV(T)			\
+	inline static word TYPENAME()		\
+	{									\
+		return getTypeName<T>()+"x4"; 	\
+	}									\
+	word typeName() const 		  		\
+	{                             		\
+		return TYPENAME();        		\
 	}
 
-	template<>
-	inline word basicTypeName<word>(){ return "word"; }
-
-	template<>
-	inline word basicTypeName<int64>(){ return "int64"; }
-
-	template<>
-	inline word basicTypeName<int32>(){ return "int32"; }
-
-	template<>
-	inline word basicTypeName<int16>(){ return "int16"; }
-
-	template<>
-	inline word basicTypeName<int8>(){ return "int8"; }
-
-	template<>
-	inline word basicTypeName<label>(){ return "label"; }
-
-	template<>
-	inline word basicTypeName<uint32>(){ return "uint32"; }
-
-	template<>
-	inline word basicTypeName<real>(){ return "real"; }
-
-		
-	// compare the overriden typeName of object with concrete TYPENAME 
-	// of Type1
-	template <typename Type1, typename Type2>
-	bool checkType(Type2* object)
-	{
-		return word(Type1::TYPENAME()) == object->typeName();
+#define TripleTypeInfoNV(T)				\
+	inline static word TYPENAME()		\
+	{									\
+		return getTypeName<T>()+"x3"; 	\
+	}									\
+	word typeName() const 		  		\
+	{                             		\
+		return TYPENAME();        		\
 	}
 
-	template <typename Type1, typename Type2>
-	bool checkType(Type2& object)
-	{
-		return word(Type1::TYPENAME()) == object.typeName();
+#define ClassInfo(tName)           \
+	inline static word TYPENAME() \
+	{                             \
+		return tName;             \
 	}
 
+#define TypeInfo(tName)           \
+	inline static word TYPENAME() \
+	{                             \
+		return tName;             \
+	}                             \
+	virtual word typeName() const \
+	{                             \
+		return TYPENAME();        \
+	}
 
+#define TypeInfoNV(tName)         \
+	inline static word TYPENAME() \
+	{                             \
+		return tName;             \
+	}                             \
+	word typeName() const         \
+	{                             \
+		return TYPENAME();        \
+	}
 
-} // pFlow
+#define TypeInfoTemplate11(tName, Type)                       \
+	inline static word TYPENAME()                             \
+	{                                                         \
+		return word(tName) + "<" + getTypeName<Type>() + ">"; \
+	}                                                         \
+	virtual word typeName() const                             \
+	{                                                         \
+		return TYPENAME();                                    \
+	}
+
+#define TypeInfoTemplate12(tName, Type1, Type2)                 \
+	inline static word TYPENAME()                               \
+	{                                                           \
+		return word(tName) + "<" + getTypeName<Type1>() + "," + \
+		       getTypeName<Type2>() + ">";                      \
+	}                                                           \
+	virtual word typeName() const                               \
+	{                                                           \
+		return TYPENAME();                                      \
+	}
+
+#define TypeInfoTemplate13(tName, Type1, Type2, Type3)                  \
+	inline static word TYPENAME()                                       \
+	{                                                                   \
+		return word(tName) + "<" + getTypeName<Type1>() + "," +         \
+		       getTypeName<Type2>() + "," + getTypeName<Type3>() + ">"; \
+	}                                                                   \
+	virtual word typeName() const                                       \
+	{                                                                   \
+		return TYPENAME();                                              \
+	}
+
+// this is the non-virtual version
+#define TypeInfoTemplateNV11(tName, Type)                     \
+	inline static word TYPENAME()                             \
+	{                                                         \
+		return word(tName) + "<" + getTypeName<Type>() + ">"; \
+	}                                                         \
+	inline word typeName() const                              \
+	{                                                         \
+		return TYPENAME();                                    \
+	}
+
+#define TypeInfoTemplateNV111(tName, Type, tName2)                            \
+	inline static word TYPENAME()                                             \
+	{                                                                         \
+		return word(tName) + "<" + getTypeName<Type>() + "," + word(tName2) + \
+		       ">";                                                           \
+	}                                                                         \
+	inline word typeName() const                                              \
+	{                                                                         \
+		return TYPENAME();                                                    \
+	}
+
+#define TypeInfoTemplate111(tName, Type, tName2)                              \
+	inline static word TYPENAME()                                             \
+	{                                                                         \
+		return word(tName) + "<" + getTypeName<Type>() + "," + word(tName2) + \
+		       ">";                                                           \
+	}                                                                         \
+	virtual word typeName() const                                             \
+	{                                                                         \
+		return TYPENAME();                                                    \
+	}
+
+#define TypeInfoTemplate211(tBase, tName1, Type, tName3)                      \
+	inline static word TYPENAME()                                             \
+	{                                                                         \
+		return word(tBase) + "<" + word(tName1) + "," + getTypeName<Type>() + \
+		       "," + word(tName3) + ">";                                      \
+	}                                                                         \
+	virtual word typeName() const                                             \
+	{                                                                         \
+		return TYPENAME();                                                    \
+	}
+
+#define TypeInfoTemplate22(tBase, tName1, Type1, Type2)                        \
+	inline static word TYPENAME()                                              \
+	{                                                                          \
+		return word(tBase) + "<" + word(tName1) + "," + getTypeName<Type1>() + \
+		       "," + getTypeName<Type2>() + ">";                               \
+	}                                                                          \
+	virtual word typeName() const                                              \
+	{                                                                          \
+		return TYPENAME();                                                     \
+	}
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/typeSelection/virtualConstructor.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/typeSelection/virtualConstructor.hpp
index 573f7d31..c3266386 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/typeSelection/virtualConstructor.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/typeSelection/virtualConstructor.hpp
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
@@ -23,60 +23,52 @@ Licence:
 
 #include <functional>
 
-#include "types.hpp"
-#include "error.hpp"
 #include "Map.hpp"
+#include "error.hpp"
+#include "types.hpp"
 #include "uniquePtr.hpp"
 
-#define create_vCtor(baseClass,selectorName,argList,args) 								\
-																						\
-typedef std::function< uniquePtr<baseClass> argList > selectorName##FunctionType;		\
-typedef wordMap<selectorName##FunctionType>   selectorName##vCtorSelectorType;			\
-																						\
-inline static selectorName##vCtorSelectorType selectorName##vCtorSelector_; 			\
-																						\
-																						\
-template<typename dType>																\
-class create##selectorName##Callback 													\
-{																						\
-public: 																				\
-	create##selectorName##Callback ()		 											\
-	{																					\
-		auto success = 																	\
-			selectorName##vCtorSelector_.insertIf										\
-			(																			\
-					word(dType::TYPENAME()),											\
-					[&] argList -> uniquePtr<baseClass>									\
-					{ 																	\
-						return uniquePtr<baseClass>										\
-						( 																\
-							new dType args 												\
-						);																\
-					}																	\
-			);																			\
-																						\
-		if( !success )																	\
-		{																				\
-			fatalErrorInFunction														\
-			    << "Duplicate entry "<< dType::TYPENAME() 								\
-			    << " in virtual constructor table of "<< #baseClass						\
-			    << " with selector name " << #selectorName <<endl;						\
-		}																				\
-																						\
-	}																					\
-																						\
-	create##selectorName##Callback														\
-	(const create##selectorName##Callback&)= delete;									\
-	void operator=																		\
-	(const create##selectorName##Callback&)= delete;									\
-};
-
-
-
-#define add_vCtor(baseClass, derivedClass, selectorName) 	\
-															\
-inline static baseClass::create##selectorName##Callback<derivedClass> baseClass##derivedClass##selectorName##_;
-
+#define create_vCtor(baseClass, selectorName, argList, args)                    \
+                                                                                \
+	typedef std::function<uniquePtr<baseClass> argList>                         \
+	  selectorName##FunctionType;                                               \
+	typedef wordMap<selectorName##FunctionType>                                 \
+	  selectorName##vCtorSelectorType;                                          \
+                                                                                \
+	inline static selectorName##vCtorSelectorType                               \
+	  selectorName##vCtorSelector_;                                             \
+                                                                                \
+	template<typename dType>                                                    \
+	class create##selectorName##Callback                                        \
+	{                                                                           \
+	public:                                                                     \
+                                                                                \
+		create##selectorName##Callback()                                        \
+		{                                                                       \
+			auto success = selectorName##vCtorSelector_.insertIf(               \
+			  word(dType::TYPENAME()),                                          \
+			  [&] argList -> uniquePtr<baseClass>                               \
+			  { return uniquePtr<baseClass>(new dType args); }                  \
+			);                                                                  \
+                                                                                \
+			if (!success)                                                       \
+			{                                                                   \
+				fatalErrorInFunction                                            \
+				  << "Duplicate entry " << dType::TYPENAME()                    \
+				  << " in virtual constructor table of " << #baseClass          \
+				  << " with selector name " << #selectorName << endl;           \
+			}                                                                   \
+		}                                                                       \
+                                                                                \
+		create##selectorName##Callback(const create##selectorName##Callback&) = \
+		  delete;                                                               \
+		void operator=(const create##selectorName##Callback&) = delete;         \
+	};
 
+#define add_vCtor(baseClass, derivedClass, selectorName)                       \
+                                                                               \
+	inline static typename baseClass::template create##selectorName##Callback< \
+	  derivedClass>                                                            \
+	  baseClass##derivedClass##selectorName##_;
 
 #endif // __virtualConstructor_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/Logical.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/Logical.cpp
index b07f8470..cd1cad51 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/Logical.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/Logical.cpp
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
@@ -23,37 +23,36 @@ Licence:
 #include "iIstream.hpp"
 #include "iOstream.hpp"
 
-
 pFlow::Logical::Logical(const word& l)
 {
-	if(!evaluteWord(l, s_, yesNoSet_ ))
+	if (!evaluteWord(l, s_, yesNoSet_))
 	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"  invalid input for Logical: "<< l << endl;
+		fatalErrorInFunction << "  invalid input for Logical: " << l << endl;
 		fatalExit;
 	}
 }
 
 pFlow::Logical::Logical(const char* ch)
-:
-	Logical(word(ch))
-{}
+  : Logical(word(ch))
+{
+}
 
-bool pFlow::Logical::evaluteWord(const word& l, bool& b, int& yesNoSet )
+bool
+pFlow::Logical::evaluteWord(const word& l, bool& b, int& yesNoSet)
 {
 	auto Ul = toUpper(l);
-	
-	for(int i=0; i<4; ++i)
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
 	{
-		if(toUpper(YesNo__[i][0]) == Ul)
+		if (toUpper(YesNo__[i][0]) == Ul)
 		{
-			b = true;
+			b        = true;
 			yesNoSet = i;
 			return true;
 		}
-		else if( toUpper(YesNo__[i][1]) == Ul )
+		else if (toUpper(YesNo__[i][1]) == Ul)
 		{
-			b = false;
+			b        = false;
 			yesNoSet = i;
 			return true;
 		}
@@ -62,66 +61,66 @@ bool pFlow::Logical::evaluteWord(const word& l, bool& b, int& yesNoSet )
 	return false;
 }
 
-bool pFlow::Logical::read(iIstream& is)
+bool
+pFlow::Logical::read(iIstream& is)
 {
 	token t(is);
-    word w;
-    if (!t.good())
-    {
-        ioErrorInFile(is.name(), is.lineNumber())
-            << "Bad token - could not get Logical value";
-        is.setBad();
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (t.isString())
-    {
-        w = t.stringToken(); 
-    }
-    else if(t.isWord() )
-    {
-        w = t.wordToken();
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ioErrorInFile(is.name(), is.lineNumber())
-            << "Wrong token type - expected Logical value, found "
-            << t;
-        is.setBad();
-        return false;
-    }
-    
-    return evaluteWord(w, s_, yesNoSet_);
-}
-
-bool pFlow::Logical::write
-(
-	iOstream& os
-)const
-{
-	if(s_)
+	word  w;
+	if (!t.good())
 	{
-		os<< YesNo__[yesNoSet_][0];
+		ioErrorInFile(is.name(), is.lineNumber())
+		  << "Bad token - could not get Logical value";
+		is.setBad();
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (t.isString())
+	{
+		w = t.stringToken();
+	}
+	else if (t.isWord())
+	{
+		w = t.wordToken();
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		os<< YesNo__[yesNoSet_][1];
+		ioErrorInFile(is.name(), is.lineNumber())
+		  << "Wrong token type - expected Logical value, found " << t;
+		is.setBad();
+		return false;
 	}
-	return os.check(FUNCTION_NAME);
-} 
 
-pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::operator>>( iIstream& is, Logical& L)
-{
-    if(!L.read(is))
-    {
-    	fatalExit;
-    }
-    return is;
+	return evaluteWord(w, s_, yesNoSet_);
 }
 
-pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::operator<< ( iOstream& os, const Logical& L)
+bool
+pFlow::Logical::write(iOstream& os) const
 {
-	if(!L.write(os))
+	if (s_)
+	{
+		os << YesNo__[yesNoSet_][0];
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		os << YesNo__[yesNoSet_][1];
+	}
+	return os.check(FUNCTION_NAME);
+}
+
+pFlow::iIstream&
+pFlow::operator>>(iIstream& is, Logical& L)
+{
+	if (!L.read(is))
+	{
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+	return is;
+}
+
+pFlow::iOstream&
+pFlow::operator<<(iOstream& os, const Logical& L)
+{
+	if (!L.write(os))
 	{
 		fatalExit;
 	}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/Logical.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/Logical.hpp
index 69770936..9b6a01d6 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/Logical.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/Logical.hpp
@@ -2,112 +2,149 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
 #ifndef __Logical_hpp__
 #define __Logical_hpp__
 
 #include "builtinTypes.hpp"
 #include "bTypesFunctions.hpp"
-#include "typeInfo.hpp"
+
+
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
+//- Forward
 class iIstream;
 class iOstream;
 
-// allias for bool
+/**
+ *  Holds a bool value and converts strings to bool
+ *
+ */
 class Logical
 {
-protected:
-	bool s_ = false;
+private:
 
-	int  yesNoSet_ = 0;
+	/// bool value
+	bool                     s_ = false;
 
-	inline static const word YesNo__[4][2] = {{"Yes", "No"},{"on","off"},{"true","false"}, {"Ok","No"}};
+	/// Set numbe of of Yes or No
+	int                      yesNoSet_ = 0;
 
+	/// Set of Yes or Nos
+	inline static const word YesNo__[4][2] = { { "Yes", "No" },
+		                                       { "on", "off" },
+		                                       { "true", "false" },
+		                                       { "Ok", "No" } };
+
+	/// Construct from bool and set number
 	inline explicit Logical(bool s, int yns)
-	:	
-		s_(s),
-		yesNoSet_(yns)
-	{}
+	  : s_(s),
+	    yesNoSet_(yns)
+	{
+	}
 
 public:
 
-	TypeInfoNV("Logical");
-	
+	/// Type info
+	inline static word TYPENAME()
+	{
+		return "Logical";
+	}
 
-	inline Logical(){}
-		
+	inline word typeName()const
+	{
+		return TYPENAME();
+	}
 
+	//// Constructors
+
+	/// Default constructor
+	inline Logical() = default;
+
+	/// Construct from bool
 	inline explicit Logical(bool s)
-	:
-	 	s_(s),
-	 	yesNoSet_(0)
-	{}
+	  : s_(s)
+	{
+	}
 
+	/// Construct from word
 	Logical(const word& l);
-	
+
+	/// Construct from char string
 	Logical(const char* ch);
 
+	/// Copy
 	Logical(const Logical&) = default;
 
+	/// Move
 	Logical(Logical&&) = default;
 
-	Logical& operator=(const Logical&) = default;
+	/// Copy assignment
+	Logical&        operator=(const Logical&) = default;
 
-	Logical& operator=(Logical&&) = default;
+	/// Move assignment
+	Logical&        operator=(Logical&&) = default;
 
+	/// Assignment with bool
 	inline Logical& operator=(const bool& b)
-	{ 
-		s_ = b;
+	{
+		s_        = b;
 		yesNoSet_ = 0;
 		return *this;
 	}
-	
+
+	//// Methods
+
+	/// () operator, return bool value
 	inline bool operator()() const
 	{
 		return s_;
 	}
-	
+
+	/// Return bool value
 	inline explicit operator bool() const
 	{
 		return s_;
 	}
 
-	inline Logical operator!()const
+	/// Not operator
+	inline Logical operator!() const
 	{
 		return Logical(!s_, yesNoSet_);
 	}
 
 	//// IO operations
+
 	bool read(iIstream& is);
 
-	bool write(iOstream& os)const; 
+	bool write(iOstream& os) const;
 
-	bool static evaluteWord(const word& l, bool& b, int& yesNoSet );
-	
+	//// Static members
 
+	bool static evaluteWord(const word& l, bool& b, int& yesNoSet);
 };
 
-iIstream& operator>>( iIstream& is, Logical& L);
+iIstream&
+operator>>(iIstream& is, Logical& L);
 
-iOstream& operator<<( iOstream& os, const Logical& L);
+iOstream&
+operator<<(iOstream& os, const Logical& L);
 
 } // pFlow
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/bTypesFunctions.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/bTypesFunctions.cpp
index 50dcafb3..c99eb4bd 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/bTypesFunctions.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/bTypesFunctions.cpp
@@ -2,390 +2,400 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <sstream>
 #include <iomanip>
+#include <sstream>
 
 #include "bTypesFunctions.hpp"
 
-
-pFlow::int32 pFlow::countChar(const word& s, const char c)
+pFlow::int32
+pFlow::countChar(const word& s, const char c)
 {
-    return std::count(s.cbegin(), s.cend(), c);
+	return std::count(s.cbegin(), s.cend(), c);
 }
 
-
-pFlow::int32 pFlow::countChar( const char* s, const char c)
+pFlow::int32
+pFlow::countChar(const char* s, const char c)
 {
-    return
-    (
-      s == nullptr
-      ? 0
-      : std::count(s, (s + std::char_traits<char>::length(s)), c)
-    );
+	return (
+	  s == nullptr ? 0
+	               : std::count(s, (s + std::char_traits<char>::length(s)), c)
+	);
 }
 
-pFlow::word pFlow::real2Fixed(const real & v, int32 numPrecision)
+pFlow::word
+pFlow::toUpper(const word& inStr)
 {
-    std::stringstream ss;
-
-    ss << std::fixed << std::setprecision(numPrecision) << v;
-    return ss.str();
+	word oStr(inStr);
+	std::transform(inStr.begin(), inStr.end(), oStr.begin(), ::toupper);
+	return oStr;
 }
 
-pFlow::word pFlow::real2Word(const real & v, int32 numPrecision)
+pFlow::word
+pFlow::firstCapital(const word& inStr)
 {
-    std::stringstream ss;
-    if( abs(v) < verySmallValue )
-    {
-        ss <<"0";
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ss << std::setprecision(numPrecision) << v;
-    }
-    
-    return ss.str();
+	word oStr(inStr);
+	oStr[0] = std::toupper(oStr[0]);
+	return oStr;
 }
 
-pFlow::word pFlow::int322Word(const int32 & v)
+bool
+pFlow::isYes(const word& str)
 {
-    std::stringstream ss;
+	word s = toUpper(str);
 
-    ss << v;
-    return ss.str();
+	if (s == "YES"  || 
+        s == "Y"    || 
+        s == "OK"   || 
+        s == "TRUE" || 
+        s == "ON"   || 
+        s == "T")
+		return true;
+	return false;
 }
 
-pFlow::word pFlow::removeDecimalZeros(const word& str)
+bool
+pFlow::isNo(const word& str)
 {
-    auto dec = str.find('.');
-    if(dec == word::npos) return str;
-    
-    auto len = str.size();
-    if(len == word::npos) return str;
-    
-    auto  firstZero = word::npos;
-    for(auto n=len-1; n>dec;n--)
-    {
-        if( str[n] == '0' ) 
-        {
-            firstZero = n;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            break;
-        }
-    }
+	word s = toUpper(str);
 
-    if(firstZero == dec+1) firstZero = dec;
-    
-    return str.substr(0,firstZero);
+	if (s == "NO" || s == "N" || "FALSE" || s == "OFF" || s == "F")
+		return true;
+	else
+        return false;
 }
 
-pFlow::word pFlow::real2FixedStripZeros(const real & v, int32 numPrecision)
+pFlow::word
+pFlow::real2Fixed(const real& v, int32 numPrecision)
 {
-    word strVal = real2Fixed(v, numPrecision);
-    return removeDecimalZeros(strVal);
+	std::stringstream ss;
+
+	ss << std::fixed << std::setprecision(numPrecision) << v;
+	return ss.str();
 }
 
-pFlow::word pFlow::toUpper(const word & inStr)
+pFlow::word
+pFlow::real2Word(const real& v, int32 numPrecision)
 {
-    word oStr(inStr);
-    transform(inStr.begin(), inStr.end(), oStr.begin(), ::toupper);
-    return oStr;
+	std::stringstream ss;
+	if (abs(v) < verySmallValue)
+	{
+		ss << "0";
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		ss << std::setprecision(numPrecision) << v;
+	}
+
+	return ss.str();
 }
 
-bool pFlow::isYes(const word & str)
+pFlow::word
+pFlow::int322Word(const int32& v)
 {
-    word s = toUpper(str);
+	std::stringstream ss;
 
-    if( s == "YES" || s == "OK" || s == "TRUE" || s == "ON" || s=="T") return true;
-    return false;
+	ss << v;
+	return ss.str();
 }
 
-bool pFlow::isNo(const word & str)
+pFlow::word
+pFlow::removeDecimalZeros(const word& str)
 {
-    word s = toUpper(str);
+	auto dec = str.find('.');
+	if (dec == word::npos)
+		return str;
 
-    if( s == "NO" || s == "N" || "FALSE" || s == "OFF" || s == "F") return true;
-    return false;
+	auto len = str.size();
+	if (len == word::npos)
+		return str;
+
+	auto firstZero = word::npos;
+	for (auto n = len - 1; n > dec; n--)
+	{
+		if (str[n] == '0')
+		{
+			firstZero = n;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (firstZero == dec + 1)
+		firstZero = dec;
+
+	return str.substr(0, firstZero);
 }
 
-
-pFlow::word pFlow::angleBracketsNames(const word& w1, const word& w2)
+pFlow::word
+pFlow::real2FixedStripZeros(const real& v, int32 numPrecision)
 {
-    return w1+"<"+w2+">";
+	word strVal = real2Fixed(v, numPrecision);
+	return removeDecimalZeros(strVal);
 }
 
-pFlow::word pFlow::angleBracketsNames2
-(
-    const word& base,
-    const word& w1,
-    const word& w2
+pFlow::word
+pFlow::angleBracketsNames(const word& w1, const word& w2)
+{
+	return w1 + "<" + w2 + ">";
+}
+
+pFlow::word
+pFlow::angleBracketsNames2(const word& base, const word& w1, const word& w2)
+{
+	return base + "<" + w1 + "," + w2 + ">";
+}
+
+pFlow::word
+pFlow::angleBracketsNames3(
+  const word& base,
+  const word& w1,
+  const word& w2,
+  const word& w3
 )
 {
-    return base+"<"+w1+","+w2+">";
+	return base + "<" + w1 + "," + w2 + "," + w3 + ">";
 }
 
-pFlow::word pFlow::angleBracketsNames3(const word& base, const word& w1, const word& w2, const word& w3)
+pFlow::word
+pFlow::groupNames(const word& bw, const word& tw, char sep)
 {
-    return base+"<"+w1+","+w2+","+w3+">";
+	return bw + sep + tw;
 }
 
-pFlow::word pFlow::groupNames(const word& bw, const word& tw, char sep)
+pFlow::word
+pFlow::baseName(const word& w, char sep)
 {
-    return bw + sep + tw;
+	if (auto pos = w.find_last_of(sep); pos != word::npos)
+	{
+		return w.substr(0, pos);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		return w;
+	}
 }
 
-pFlow::word pFlow::baseName(const word& w, char sep)
+pFlow::word
+pFlow::tailName(const word& w, char sep)
 {
-    if( auto pos = w.find_last_of(sep); pos != word::npos)
-    {
-        return w.substr(0,pos);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        return w;
-    }
+	if (auto pos = w.find_last_of(sep); pos != word::npos)
+	{
+		return w.substr(pos + 1);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		return nullWord;
+	}
 }
 
-pFlow::word pFlow::tailName(const word& w, char sep)
+bool
+pFlow::validWord(char c)
 {
-    if( auto pos = w.find_last_of(sep); pos != word::npos)
-    {
-        return w.substr(pos+1);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        return nullWord;
-    }   
+	return (
+	  !isspace(c) && c != '"' // string quote
+	  && c != '\''            // string quote
+	  //&& c != '/'   // path separator
+	  && c != ';' // end statement
+	  && c != '{' // beg subdict
+	  && c != '}' // end subdict
+	);
 }
 
-bool pFlow::validWord(char c)
+bool
+pFlow::validWordWithQuote(char c)
 {
-    return
-    (
-        !isspace(c)
-     && c != '"'   // string quote
-     && c != '\''  // string quote
-     //&& c != '/'   // path separator
-     && c != ';'   // end statement
-     && c != '{'   // beg subdict
-     && c != '}'   // end subdict
-    );
+	return (
+	  !isspace(c) && c != ';' // end statement
+	  && c != '{'             // beg subdict
+	  && c != '}'             // end subdict
+	);
 }
 
-bool pFlow::validWordWithQuote(char c)
+bool
+pFlow::validWord(const word& w)
 {
-    return
-    (
-     !isspace(c)
-     && c != ';'   // end statement
-     && c != '{'   // beg subdict
-     && c != '}'   // end subdict
-    );
+	for (auto wi : w)
+	{
+		char c = wi;
+		if (!validWord(c))
+			return false;
+	}
+	return true;
 }
 
-bool pFlow::validWord(const word& w)
+bool
+pFlow::validWordWithQuote(const word& w)
 {
-    for(auto wi:w)
-    {   
-        char c = wi;
-        if ( !validWord(c) ) return false;
-    }
-    return true;
+	for (auto wi : w)
+	{
+		char c = wi;
+		if (!validWordWithQuote(c))
+			return false;
+	}
+	return true;
 }
 
-bool pFlow::validWordWithQuote(const word& w)
+bool
+pFlow::readUint32(const word& w, uint32& val)
 {
-    for(auto wi:w)
-    {   
-        char c = wi;
-        if ( !validWordWithQuote(c) ) return false;
-    }
-    return true;
+	try
+	{
+		val = std::stoul(w);
+	}
+	catch (...)
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+	return true;
 }
 
-
-bool pFlow::readLabel( const word& w, label & val)
+bool
+pFlow::readUint32(const char* buf, uint32& val)
 {
-    try{
-        val = std::stoull(w);
-    }
-    catch (...)
-    {
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
+	word w(buf);
+	return readUint32(w, val);
 }
 
-bool pFlow::readLabel( const char* buf, label & val)
+bool
+pFlow::readInt64(const word& w, int64& val)
 {
-    word w(buf);
-    return readLabel(w, val);
+	try
+	{
+		val = std::stoll(w);
+	}
+	catch (...)
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+	return true;
 }
 
-bool pFlow::readUint32( const word& w, uint32 & val)
+bool
+pFlow::readInt64(const char* buf, int64& val)
 {
-    try{
-        val = std::stoul(w);
-    }
-    catch (...)
-    {
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
+	word w(buf);
+	return readInt64(w, val);
 }
 
-bool pFlow::readUint32( const char* buf, uint32 & val)
+bool
+pFlow::readInt32(const word& w, int32& val)
 {
-    word w(buf);
-    return readUint32(w, val);
+	try
+	{
+		val = std::stoi(w);
+	}
+	catch (...)
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+	return true;
 }
 
-bool pFlow::readInt64( const word& w, int64 & val)
+bool
+pFlow::readInt32(const char* buf, int32& val)
 {
-    try{
-        val = std::stoll(w);
-    }
-    catch (...)
-    {
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
+	word w(buf);
+	return readInt32(w, val);
 }
 
-bool pFlow::readInt64( const char* buf, int64 & val)
+bool
+pFlow::readInt8(const word& w, int8& val)
 {
-    word w(buf);
-    return readInt64(w, val);
+	try
+	{
+		val = std::stoi(w);
+	}
+	catch (...)
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+	return true;
 }
 
-bool pFlow::readInt32( const word& w, int32 & val)
+bool
+pFlow::readInt8(const char* buf, int8& val)
 {
-    try{
-        val = std::stoi(w);
-    }
-    catch (...)
-    {
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
+	word w(buf);
+	return readInt8(w, val);
 }
 
-bool pFlow::readInt32( const char* buf, int32 & val)
+// #include <iostream>
+bool
+pFlow::readReal(const word& w, real& val)
 {
-    word w(buf);
-    return readInt32(w, val);
+	try
+	{
+		val = std::stod(w);
+	}
+	catch (std::out_of_range& e)
+	{
+		val = static_cast<real>(std::stold(w));
+	}
+	catch (...)
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+	return true;
 }
 
-
-bool pFlow::readInt16( const word& w, int16 & val)
+bool
+pFlow::readReal(const char* buf, real& val)
 {
-    try{
-        val = static_cast<int16>(std::stoi(w));
-    }
-    catch (...)
-    {
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
+	char* c;
+
+	val = std::strtod(buf, &c);
+	if (val == HUGE_VAL)
+	{
+		val = static_cast<real>(std::strtold(buf, &c));
+		if (val == HUGE_VAL || c == buf)
+			return false;
+	}
+	else if (c == buf)
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
 }
 
-bool pFlow::readInt16( const char* buf, int16 & val)
+bool
+pFlow::readBoolian_Str(const word& w, bool& val)
 {
-    word w(buf);
-    return readInt16(w, val);
+	if (bool t = isYes(w); t)
+	{
+		val = true;
+		return true;
+	}
+	if (bool f = isNo(w); f)
+	{
+		val = false;
+		return true;
+	}
+	return false;
 }
 
-bool pFlow::readInt8( const word& w, int8 & val)
+bool
+pFlow::readBoolian_Str(const char* buf, bool& val)
 {
-    try{
-        val = static_cast<int8>(std::stoi(w));
-    }
-    catch (...)
-    {
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool pFlow::readInt8( const char* buf, int8 & val)
-{
-    word w(buf);
-    return readInt8(w, val);
-}
-#include <iostream>
-bool pFlow::readReal( const word& w, real & val)
-{
-    try{
-        val = std::stod(w);
-        
-    }
-    catch (std:: out_of_range& e)
-    {
-        val = static_cast<real>( std::stold(w) );
-    }
-    catch (...){
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool pFlow::readReal( const char* buf, real & val )
-{
-    char* c;
-    
-    val = std::strtod(buf, &c);
-    if(val == HUGE_VAL)
-    {
-        val = static_cast<real>( std::strtold(buf, &c) );  
-        if(val == HUGE_VAL || c==buf)
-            return false;
-    }
-    else if(c == buf)    
-    {
-        return false;
-    }
-    
-    
-    return true;
-}
-
-
-bool pFlow::readBoolian_Str( const word& w, bool & val)
-{
-    if( bool t = isYes(w); t )
-    {
-        val = true;
-        return true;    
-    } 
-    if( bool f = isNo(w); f )
-    {
-        val = false;
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-bool pFlow::readBoolian_Str( const char* buf, bool & val)
-{
-    word w(buf);
-    return readBoolian_Str(w, val);
+	word w(buf);
+	return readBoolian_Str(w, val);
 }
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/bTypesFunctions.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/bTypesFunctions.hpp
index de3e746e..6efe0e28 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/bTypesFunctions.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/bTypesFunctions.hpp
@@ -2,242 +2,286 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/*! \file bTypeFunctions.hpp
+
+    \brief Helper functions for built-in types.
+ */
 
 #ifndef __bTypesFunctions_hpp__
 #define __bTypesFunctions_hpp__
 
-#include "pFlowMacros.hpp"
-#include "numericConstants.hpp"
 #include "builtinTypes.hpp"
-#include "math.hpp"
+//#include "math.hpp"
+#include "numericConstants.hpp"
+#include "pFlowMacros.hpp"
 
-
-// helper functions and constants for basic types 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-
+/// Zero real variable
 inline const real  zero = 0.0;
-inline const real  one  = 1.0;
 
-inline const int32  zero32 = 0;
-inline const int32  one32  = 1;
+/// one real variable
+inline const real  one = 1.0;
 
-inline const word nullWord;
+/// zero int32 variable
+inline const int32 zero32 = 0;
 
-inline const word whiteSpace(" \t\n\v\f\r");
+/// one int32 variable
+inline const int32 one32 = 1;
 
+/// null/empty word
+inline const word  nullWord;
 
-int32 countChar (const word& s, const char c);
+/// white space
+inline const word  whiteSpace(" \t\n\v\f\r");
 
-int32 countChar(const char* s, const char c);
+/// Count numer of chars c in a word
+int32
+countChar(const word& s, const char c);
 
-word toUpper(const word & inStr);
+/// Count numer of chars c in a char string
+int32
+countChar(const char* s, const char c);
 
-bool isYes(const word & str);
+/// convert a word to all caps
+word
+toUpper(const word& inStr);
 
-bool isNo(const word & str);
+word
+firstCapital(const word& inStr);
 
-word real2Fixed(const real & v, int32 numPrecision = 6);
+/// Check if str equals "Yes", "Y", "True", "Ok", "ON", or "T"
+bool
+isYes(const word& str);
 
-word real2Word(const real & v, int32 numPrecision = 6);
+/// Check if str equals "No", "N", "False", or "Off"
+bool
+isNo(const word& str);
 
-word removeDecimalZeros(const word& str);
+/// Convert floating point variable to string with fixed number of precisions
+word
+real2Fixed(const real& v, int32 numPrecision = 6);
 
-word real2FixedStripZeros(const real & v, int32 numPrecision = 6);
+/// Convert floating point variable to string with general format
+word
+real2Word(const real& v, int32 numPrecision = 6);
 
-word int322Word(const int32 & v);
+/// Convert int32 to word
+word
+int322Word(const int32& v);
 
- 
-word angleBracketsNames(const word& w1, const word& w2);
+/// Remove zeros from decimal part of a string number
+word
+removeDecimalZeros(const word& str);
 
- 
-word angleBracketsNames2(const word& base, const word& w1, const word& w2);
+/// Convert to fixed point variable and remove zeros
+word
+real2FixedStripZeros(const real& v, int32 numPrecision = 6);
 
-word angleBracketsNames3(const word& base, const word& w1, const word& w2, const word& w3);
+/// Output <w1,w2>
+word
+angleBracketsNames(const word& w1, const word& w2);
 
-word groupNames(const word& bw, const word& tw, char sep = '.');
+/// Output base<w1,w2>
+word
+angleBracketsNames2(const word& base, const word& w1, const word& w2);
 
-word baseName(const word& w, char sep = '.');
+/// Output base<w1,sw2,w3>
+word
+angleBracketsNames3(
+  const word& base,
+  const word& w1,
+  const word& w2,
+  const word& w3
+);
 
-word tailName(const word& w, char sep = '.');
+/// Group words and output bw.tw
+word
+groupNames(const word& bw, const word& tw, char sep = '.');
 
+/// Find the base in a group separated by "." and return it.
+word
+baseName(const word& w, char sep = '.');
 
-// is the character valid for a word name  
-bool validWord(char c);
+/// Find tail name in a group separated by "." and return it.
+word
+tailName(const word& w, char sep = '.');
 
-bool validWordWithQuote(char c);
+/// Is the character valid for a word name?
+bool
+validWord(char c);
 
+/// Is c a valid character including quote?
+bool
+validWordWithQuote(char c);
 
-bool validWord(const word& w);
+/// Is a valid word?
+bool
+validWord(const word& w);
 
-bool validWordWithQuote(const word& c);
+/// Is a valid word with qoute?
+bool
+validWordWithQuote(const word& c);
 
+/// Convert word to uint32
+bool
+readUint32(const word& w, uint32& val);
 
-bool readLabel( const word& w, label & val);
+/// Convert char string to uint32
+bool
+readUint32(const char* buf, uint32& val);
 
+/// Convert word to int64
+bool
+readInt64(const word& w, int64& val);
 
-bool readLabel( const char* buf, label & val);
+/// Convert char string to int64
+bool
+readInt64(const char* buf, int64& val);
 
+/// Convert word to int32
+bool
+readInt32(const word& w, int32& val);
 
-bool readUint32( const word& w, uint32 & val);
+/// Convert char string to int32
+bool
+readInt32(const char* buf, int32& val);
 
+/// Convert word to int8
+bool
+readInt8(const word& w, int8& val);
 
-bool readUint32( const char* buf, uint32 & val);
+/// Convert char string to int8
+bool
+readInt8(const char* buf, int8& val);
 
+/// Convert word to real
+bool
+readReal(const word& w, real& val);
 
-bool readInt64( const word& w, int64 & val);
+/// Convert char string to real
+bool
+readReal(const char* buf, real& val);
 
+/// Convert word to bool
+bool
+readBoolian_Str(const word& w, bool& val);
 
-bool readInt64( const char* buf, int64 & val);
+/// Convert char string to bool
+bool
+readBoolian_Str(const char* buf, bool& val);
 
-
-bool readInt32( const word& w, int32 & val);
-
-
-bool readInt32( const char* buf, int32 & val);
-
-
-bool readInt16( const word& w, int16 & val);
-
-
-bool readInt16( const char* buf, int16 & val);
-
-
-bool readInt8( const word& w, int8 & val);
-
-
-bool readInt8( const char* buf, int8 & val);
-
-
-bool readReal( const word& w, real & val);
-
-
-bool readReal( const char* buf, real & val );
-
-
-bool readBoolian_Str( const word& w, bool & val);
-
-
-bool readBoolian_Str( const char* buf, bool & val);
-
-inline
-bool readValue(const word& w, real& val)
+inline bool
+readValue(const word& w, real& val)
 {
-    return readReal(w,val);
+	return readReal(w, val);
 }
 
-inline
-bool readValue(const word& w, label& val)
+inline bool
+readValue(const word& w, uint32& val)
 {
-    return readLabel(w,val);
+	return readUint32(w, val);
 }
 
-inline
-bool readValue(const word& w, uint32& val)
+inline bool
+readValue(const word& w, int64& val)
 {
-    return readUint32(w,val);
+	return readInt64(w, val);
 }
 
-inline
-bool readValue(const word& w, int64& val)
+inline bool
+readValue(const word& w, int32& val)
 {
-    return readInt64(w,val);
+	return readInt32(w, val);
 }
 
-inline
-bool readValue(const word& w, int32& val)
+inline bool
+readValue(const word& w, int8& val)
 {
-    return readInt32(w,val);
+	return readInt8(w, val);
 }
 
-inline
-bool readValue(const word& w, int16& val)
+inline bool
+readValue(const word& w, bool& val)
 {
-    return readInt16(w,val);
+	return readBoolian_Str(w, val);
 }
 
-inline
-bool readValue(const word& w, int8& val)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+bool
+equal(const real& s1, const real& s2, real tol = smallValue)
 {
-    return readInt8(w,val);
+	return abs(s1 - s2) <= tol;
 }
 
-inline
-bool readValue(const word& w, bool& val)
-{
-    return readBoolian_Str(w,val);
-}
-
-
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool equal(const real& s1, const real& s2)
-{
-    return abs(s1 - s2) <= smallValue;
-}
-
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool equal(const int64& s1, const int64& s2)
-{
-    return s1 == s2;
-}
-
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool equal(const int32& s1, const int32& s2)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+bool
+equal(const int64& s1, const int64& s2)
 {
 	return s1 == s2;
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool equal(const int16& s1, const int16& s2)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+bool
+equal(const int32& s1, const int32& s2)
 {
-    return s1 == s2;
+	return s1 == s2;
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool equal(const int8& s1, const int8& s2)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+bool
+equal(const int8& s1, const int8& s2)
 {
-    return s1 == s2;
+	return s1 == s2;
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool equal(const uint32& s1, const uint32& s2)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+bool
+equal(const uint32& s1, const uint32& s2)
 {
-    return s1 == s2;
+	return s1 == s2;
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool equal(const label& s1, const label& s2)
+/// Are two words equal (host only)?
+INLINE_FUNCTION
+bool
+equal(const word& s1, const word& s2)
 {
-    return s1 == s2;
+	return s1 == s2;
 }
 
-// host only
-INLINE_FUNCTION bool equal(const word& s1, const word& s2)
+/// Convert degree to radians
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+real
+degree2Radian(const real& theta)
 {
-	return s1==s2;
+	return theta / 180.0 * Pi;
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real degree2Radian(const real &theta)
+/// Convert radians to degree
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+real
+radian2Degree(const real& phi)
 {
-    return theta / 180.0 * Pi;
+	return phi / Pi * 180.0;
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real radian2Degree(const real &phi)
-{
-    return phi / Pi * 180.0;
-}
-
-
 } // end of pFlow
 
-
 #endif //__bTypesFunctions_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/builtinTypes.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/builtinTypes.hpp
index 52adf430..b10827c5 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/builtinTypes.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/builtinTypes.hpp
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
@@ -28,48 +28,50 @@ Licence:
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-#ifdef pFlow_Build_Double 
-  #define useDouble 1
+#ifdef pFlow_Build_Double
+#define useDouble 1
 inline const char* floatingPointType__ = "double";
-inline const bool usingDouble__ = true;
+inline const bool  usingDouble__       = true;
 #else
-  #define useDouble 0
+#define useDouble 0
 inline const char* floatingPointType__ = "float";
-inline const bool usingDouble__ = false;
+inline const bool  usingDouble__       = false;
 #endif
 
-
 // scalars
 #if useDouble
-  using real  = double;
+using real = double;
 #else
-  using real  = float;
+using real = float;
 #endif
 
-using int8    = signed char;
+using int8 = signed char;
 
-using int16   = short int;
+using int32 = int;
 
-using int32   = int;
+using int64 = long long int;
 
-using int64   = long long int;
+using uint8 = unsigned char;
 
-using uint16  = unsigned short int  ;
+using uint32 = unsigned int;
 
-using uint32  = unsigned int;
+using uint64 = unsigned long long int;
 
-using label   = std::size_t;
+using id_t = uint32;
 
-using word    = std::string;
+using size_t = std::size_t;
 
-inline 
-auto floatingPointDescription()
+using word = std::string;
+
+inline const int numBytesForReal__ = sizeof(real);
+
+inline word
+floatingPointDescription()
 {
-  return word("In this build, ") + word(floatingPointType__) +
-         word(" is used for floating point operations.");
+	return word("In this build, ") + word(floatingPointType__) +
+	       word(" is used for floating point operations.");
 }
 
 } // end of pFlow
 
-
 #endif
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/math.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/math.hpp
index 6c2b0f64..fbe3a6f1 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/math.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/math.hpp
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
@@ -21,26 +21,29 @@ Licence:
 #ifndef __math_hpp__
 #define __math_hpp__
 
-#include <cmath>
+
+#include "builtinTypes.hpp"
+#include "pFlowMacros.hpp"
 
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
 #include "math.h"
+#else
+#include <cmath>
 #endif
 
-#include "builtinTypes.hpp"
-
 //* * * * * * * * * * *  List of functinos * * * * * * * * //
 // abs, mod, exp, log, log10, pow, sqrt, cbrt
 // sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2
-// sinh, cosh, tanh, asinh, acosh, atanh 
+// sinh, cosh, tanh, asinh, acosh, atanh
 // min, max
 //* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real abs(real x)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+real
+abs(real x)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
 	return ::fabs(x);
@@ -49,27 +52,29 @@ INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real abs(real x)
 #endif
 }
 
-
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD int64 abs(int64 x)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+int64
+abs(int64 x)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::abs(x);
+    return ::abs(x);
 #else
 	return std::abs(x);
 #endif
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD int32 abs(int32 x)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD int32
+abs(int32 x)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::abs(x);
+    return ::abs(x);
 #else
 	return std::abs(x);
 #endif
 }
 
-
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real mod(real x, real y)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real
+mod(real x, real y)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
 	return ::fmod(x, y);
@@ -78,185 +83,216 @@ INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real mod(real x, real y)
 #endif
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD int64 mod(int64 x, int64 y)
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD int64
+mod(int64 x, int64 y)
 {
-	return x%y;
+	return x % y;
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD int32 mod(int32 x, int32 y)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD int32
+mod(int32 x, int32 y)
 {
-	return x%y;
+	return x % y;
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD int64 mod(label x, label y)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD int64
+mod(uint64 x, uint64 y)
 {
-	return x%y;
+	return x % y;
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD int32 mod(uint32 x, uint32 y)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD auto
+mod(uint32 x, uint32 y)
 {
-	return x%y;
+	return x % y;
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real remainder(real x, real y)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real
+remainder(real x, real y)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::remainder(x,y);
+    return ::remainder(x,y);
 #else
-	return std::remainder(x,y);
+	return std::remainder(x, y);
 #endif
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real exp(real x)
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+real
+exp(real x)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::exp(x);
+    return ::exp(x);
 #else
 	return std::exp(x);
 #endif
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real log(real x)
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+real
+log(real x)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::log(x);
+    return ::log(x);
 #else
 	return std::log(x);
 #endif
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real log10(real x)
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+real
+log10(real x)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::log10(x);
+    return ::log10(x);
 #else
 	return std::log10(x);
 #endif
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real pow(real x, real y)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+real
+pow(real x, real y)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::pow(x, y);
+	return ::pow(x,y);
 #else
 	return std::pow(x, y);
 #endif
-
 }
 
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real sqrt(real x)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+real
+sqrt(real x)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::sqrt(x);
+    return ::sqrt(x);
 #else
 	return std::sqrt(x);
 #endif
 }
 
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real cbrt (real x)
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+real
+cbrt(real x)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::cbrt (x);
+    return ::cbrt(x);
 #else
-	return std::cbrt (x);
-#endif
+	return std::cbrt(x);
+#endif 
 }
 
-
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real sin(real x)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+real
+sin(real x)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::sin(x);
+    return ::sin(x);
 #else
 	return std::sin(x);
 #endif
 }
 
-
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real cos(real x)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+real
+cos(real x)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::cos(x);
+    return ::cos(x);
 #else
 	return std::cos(x);
 #endif
 }
 
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real tan(real x)
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+real
+tan(real x)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::tan(x);
+    return ::tan(x);
 #else
 	return std::tan(x);
 #endif
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real asin(real x)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+real
+asin(real x)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::asin(x);
+    return ::asin(x);
 #else
 	return std::asin(x);
 #endif
-	
 }
 
-
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real acos(real x)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+real
+acos(real x)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::acos(x);
+    return ::acos(x);
 #else
 	return std::acos(x);
 #endif
 }
 
-
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real atan(real x)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+real
+atan(real x)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::atan(x);
+    return ::atan(x);
 #else
 	return std::atan(x);
 #endif
-
 }
 
-
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real atan2(real y, real x)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real
+atan2(real y, real x)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::atan2(y, x);
+    return ::atan2(y,x);
 #else
 	return std::atan2(y, x);
 #endif
 }
 
-
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real sinh(real x)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+real
+sinh(real x)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::sinh(x);
+    return ::sinh(x);
 #else
 	return std::sinh(x);
 #endif
 }
 
-
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real cosh(real x)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+real
+cosh(real x)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::cosh(x);
+    return ::cosh(x);
 #else
 	return std::cosh(x);
 #endif
 }
 
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real tanh(real x)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real
+tanh(real x)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
 	return ::tanh(x);
@@ -265,7 +301,8 @@ INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real tanh(real x)
 #endif
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real asinh(real x)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real
+asinh(real x)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
 	return ::asinh(x);
@@ -274,7 +311,8 @@ INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real asinh(real x)
 #endif
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real acosh(real x)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real
+acosh(real x)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
 	return ::acosh(x);
@@ -283,98 +321,89 @@ INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real acosh(real x)
 #endif
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real atanh(real x)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+real
+atanh(real x)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::atanh(x);
+    return ::atanh(x);
 #else
 	return std::atanh(x);
 #endif
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real min(real x, real y)
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real
+min(real x, real y)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::fmin(x,y);
+	return ::fmin(x, y);
 #else
-	return std::fmin(x,y);
+	return std::fmin(x, y);
 #endif
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD int64 min(int32 x, int32 y)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+int64
+min(int32 x, int32 y)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::min(x, y);
+    return ::min(x,y);
 #else
 	return std::min(x, y);
 #endif
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD int64 min(int64 x, int64 y)
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+int64
+min(int64 x, int64 y)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::min(x, y);
+    return ::min(x,y);
 #else
 	return std::min(x, y);
 #endif
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD label min(label x, label y)
+
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+uint64
+min(uint64 x, uint64 y)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::min(x, y);
-#else
-	return std::min(x, y);
-#endif
-
-}
-
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD uint32 min(uint32 x, uint32 y)
-{
-#ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::min(x, y);
+    return ::min(x,y);
 #else
 	return std::min(x, y);
 #endif
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD uint32 min(uint16 x, uint16 y)
+
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD uint32
+min(uint32 x, uint32 y)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::min(x, y);
+    return ::min(x,y);
 #else
 	return std::min(x, y);
 #endif
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real max(real x, real y)
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real
+max(real x, real y)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::fmax(x,y);
+	return ::fmax(x, y);
 #else
-	return std::fmax(x,y);
+	return std::fmax(x, y);
 #endif
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD int64 max(int64 x, int64 y)
-{
-#ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::max(x, y);
-#else
-	return std::max(x, y);
-#endif
-}
-
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD int32 max(int32 x, int32 y)
-{
-#ifdef __CUDACC__
-	return ::max(x, y);
-#else
-	return std::max(x, y);
-#endif
-}
-
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD label max(label x, label y)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD int64
+max(int64 x, int64 y)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
 	return ::max(x, y);
@@ -384,7 +413,9 @@ INLINE_FUNCTION_HD label max(label x, label y)
 }
 
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD uint32 max(uint32 x, uint32 y)
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD int32
+max(int32 x, int32 y)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
 	return ::max(x, y);
@@ -393,18 +424,27 @@ INLINE_FUNCTION_HD uint32 max(uint32 x, uint32 y)
 #endif
 }
 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD uint32 max(uint16 x, uint16 y)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD uint64
+max(uint64 x, uint64 y)
 {
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
 	return ::max(x, y);
 #else
 	return std::max(x, y);
 #endif
-
 }
 
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD uint32
+max(uint32 x, uint32 y)
+{
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+	return ::max(x, y);
+#else
+	return std::max(x, y);
+#endif
+}
+
+
 } // pFlow
 
-
-
 #endif // __math_hpp__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/numericConstants.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/numericConstants.hpp
index 434d541e..c5e2b6fa 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/numericConstants.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/numericConstants.hpp
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
@@ -21,51 +21,50 @@ Licence:
 #ifndef __numericConstants_hpp__
 #define __numericConstants_hpp__
 
-
-#include <limits>
 #include "builtinTypes.hpp"
-
+#include <limits>
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-	const inline real Pi = real(3.1415926535897932384626433832);
-	const inline real smallValue = 1.0e-15;
-	const inline real verySmallValue = 1.0e-30;
-	const inline real largeValue = 1.0e15;
-	const inline real veryLargeValue = 1.0e30;
+const inline real Pi             = real(3.1415926535897932384626433832);
+const inline real smallValue     = 1.0e-15;
+const inline real verySmallValue = 1.0e-30;
+const inline real largeValue     = 1.0e15;
+const inline real veryLargeValue = 1.0e30;
 
-	// - largest negative value 
-	template<typename T>
-	constexpr inline T largestNegative()
-	{
-		return std::numeric_limits<T>::lowest();
-	}
+// - largest negative value
+template<typename T>
+constexpr T
+largestNegative()
+{
+	return std::numeric_limits<T>::lowest();
+}
 
-	template<typename T>
-	constexpr inline T epsilonValue()
-	{
-		return std::numeric_limits<T>::min();
-	}
+template<typename T>
+constexpr T
+epsilonValue()
+{
+	return std::numeric_limits<T>::min();
+}
 
-	// largest positive value 
-	template<typename T>
-	constexpr inline T largestPositive()
-	{
-		return std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
-	}
+// largest positive value
+template<typename T>
+constexpr T
+largestPositive()
+{
+	return std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
+}
 
-	const inline int32 largestNegInt32  		= largestNegative<int32>();
-	const inline int32 largestPosInt32  		= largestPositive<int32>();
+const inline int32 largestNegInt32 = largestNegative<int32>();
+const inline int32 largestPosInt32 = largestPositive<int32>();
 
-	const inline int64 largestNegInt64  		= largestNegative<int64>();
-	const inline int64 largestPosInt64  		= largestPositive<int64>();
-		
-	const inline real largestNegREAL 	= largestNegative<real>();
-	const inline real largestPosREAL 	= largestPositive<real>();
-	const inline real epsilonREAL 		= epsilonValue<real>();
-	
-	
+const inline int64 largestNegInt64 = largestNegative<int64>();
+const inline int64 largestPosInt64 = largestPositive<int64>();
+
+const inline real  largestNegREAL = largestNegative<real>();
+const inline real  largestPosREAL = largestPositive<real>();
+const inline real  epsilonREAL    = epsilonValue<real>();
 
 } // end of pFlow
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/types/quadruple/quadruple.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/types/quadruple/quadruple.hpp
index b64c553c..6b4133da 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/types/quadruple/quadruple.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/types/quadruple/quadruple.hpp
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
@@ -21,79 +21,79 @@ Licence:
 #ifndef __quadruple_hpp__
 #define __quadruple_hpp__
 
-
-#include "uniquePtr.hpp"
-#include "triple.hpp"
-#include "iOstream.hpp"
-#include "iIstream.hpp"
-#include "token.hpp"
 #include "error.hpp"
-
+#include "typeInfo.hpp"
+#include "iIstream.hpp"
+#include "iOstream.hpp"
+#include "token.hpp"
+#include "triple.hpp"
+#include "uniquePtr.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-
-template<typename T> class quadruple;
+template<typename T>
+class quadruple;
 class iIstream;
 
 #include "quadrupleFwd.hpp"
 
-// you can see it as a sequence of four elements (w,x,y,z) or an (scalar and vector)
+// you can see it as a sequence of four elements (w,x,y,z) or an (scalar and
+// vector)
 template<typename T>
-class quadruple
+struct quadruple
 {
-public:
-
-	T 		  s_;
+	T         s_;
 	triple<T> v_;
-public:
-	
+
+
+	QuadrupleTypeInfoNV(T);
+
 	//// constructors
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	quadruple()
-	{}
+	{
+	}
 
 	//// Constructors
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	quadruple(const T &w, const T &x, const T &y, const T &z)
-	:
-		s_(w),
-		v_(x, y, z)
-	{}
+	quadruple(const T& w, const T& x, const T& y, const T& z)
+	  : s_(w),
+	    v_(x, y, z)
+	{
+	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	quadruple(const T& s, const triple<T> v)
-	:
-		s_(s),
-		v_(v)
-	{}
+	  : s_(s),
+	    v_(v)
+	{
+	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	quadruple(const T &val)
-	:
-		s_(val),
-		v_(val)
-	{}
+	quadruple(const T& val)
+	  : s_(val),
+	    v_(val)
+	{
+	}
 
-	// type conversion trough assignment  
-	template <typename T2>
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	quadruple<T> & operator = (const quadruple<T2> & rhs)
+	// type conversion trough assignment
+	template<typename T2>
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T>& operator=(const quadruple<T2>& rhs)
 	{
 		this->v_ = rhs.v_;
 		this->s_ = static_cast<T>(rhs.s_);
 		return *this;
 	}
 
-	// type casting through copy constructor 
+	// type casting through copy constructor
 	template<typename T2>
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	quadruple(const quadruple<T2> &src):
-	s_(static_cast<T>(src.s_)),
-	v_(src.v_)
-	{}
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple(const quadruple<T2>& src)
+	  : s_(static_cast<T>(src.s_)),
+	    v_(src.v_)
+	{
+	}
 
 	// copy construct
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
@@ -111,130 +111,173 @@ public:
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	quadruple<T>& operator=(quadruple<T>&& src) = default;
 
-	// clone 
+	// clone
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	uniquePtr<quadruple<T>> clone()const
+	uniquePtr<quadruple<T>> clone() const
 	{
 		return makeUnique<quadruple<T>>(*this);
 	}
-	
+
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	quadruple<T>* clonePtr()const
+	quadruple<T>* clonePtr() const
 	{
 		return new quadruple<T>(*this);
 	}
 
 	// Access
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	T & w(){ return s_; }
+	T& w()
+	{
+		return s_;
+	}
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	const T & w()const { return s_; }
+	const T& w() const
+	{
+		return s_;
+	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	T & x(){ return v_.x(); }
+	T& x()
+	{
+		return v_.x();
+	}
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	const T & x()const { return v_.x(); }
-	
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	T & y(){ return v_.y(); }
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	const T & y()const { return v_.y(); }
+	const T& x() const
+	{
+		return v_.x();
+	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	T & z(){ return v_.z(); }
+	T& y()
+	{
+		return v_.y();
+	}
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	const T & z()const { return v_.z(); }
-	
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	T & s(){ return s_; }
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	const T & s()const { return s_; }	
-	
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	triple<T> v() {return v_;}
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	const triple<T> v() const {return v_;}
+	const T& y() const
+	{
+		return v_.y();
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	T& z()
+	{
+		return v_.z();
+	}
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	const T& z() const
+	{
+		return v_.z();
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	T& s()
+	{
+		return s_;
+	}
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	const T& s() const
+	{
+		return s_;
+	}
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	triple<T> v()
+	{
+		return v_;
+	}
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	const triple<T> v() const
+	{
+		return v_;
+	}
 
-	
 	// methods
-	friend FUNCTION_HD T dot <T> (const quadruple<T> & oprnd1, const quadruple<T> & oprnd2);
-	
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T length() const; 
+	friend FUNCTION_HD T
+	dot<T>(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2);
 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void normalize(); 
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T    length() const;
 
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void normalize();
+
+	//// operators
 
-	//// operators 
-	
 	// + operator
-	friend FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator+ <T> (const quadruple<T> & oprnd1, const quadruple<T> & oprnd2);
+	friend FUNCTION_HD      quadruple<T> operator+
+	  <T>(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2);
+
+	friend FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator+
+	  <T>(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const T& oprnd2);
+
+	friend FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator+
+	  <T>(const T& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2);
+
+	// - operator
+	friend FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator-
+	  <T>(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2);
+
+	friend FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator-
+	  <T>(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const T& oprnd2);
+
+	friend FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator-
+	  <T>(const T& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2);
 
-	friend FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator+ <T> (const quadruple<T> & oprnd1, const T & oprnd2);
-	
-	friend FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator+ <T> (const T & oprnd1, const quadruple<T> & oprnd2);	
-	
-	// - operator 
-	friend FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator - <T> (const quadruple<T> & oprnd1, const quadruple<T> & oprnd2);
-	
-	friend FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator - <T> (const quadruple<T> & oprnd1, const T & oprnd2);
-	
-	friend FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator - <T> (const T & oprnd1, const quadruple<T> & oprnd2);
-	
 	// * operators
-	friend FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator * <T> (const quadruple<T> & oprnd1, const quadruple<T> & oprnd2);
-	
-	friend FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator * <T> (const quadruple<T> & oprnd1, const T & oprnd2);
-	
-	friend FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator * <T> (const T & oprnd1, const quadruple<T> & oprnd2);
+	friend FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator*
+	  <T>(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2);
+
+	friend FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator*
+	  <T>(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const T& oprnd2);
+
+	friend FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator*
+	  <T>(const T& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2);
 
 	// / operators
-	friend FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator / <T> (const quadruple<T> & oprnd1, const quadruple<T> & oprnd2);
-	
-	friend FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator / <T> (const quadruple<T> & oprnd1, const T & oprnd2);
-	
-	friend FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator / <T> (const T & oprnd1, const quadruple<T> & oprnd2);
+	friend FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator/
+	  <T>(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2);
 
+	friend FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator/
+	  <T>(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const T& oprnd2);
+
+	friend FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator/
+	  <T>(const T& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2);
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	void operator+= (const quadruple & oprnd2);
+	void operator+=(const quadruple& oprnd2);
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	void operator-= (const quadruple & oprnd2);
+	void operator-=(const quadruple& oprnd2);
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	void operator*= (const quadruple & oprnd2);
+	void operator*=(const quadruple& oprnd2);
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	void operator/= (const quadruple & oprnd2);
-	
-	
-	// unary negate operator 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	quadruple operator- ()const;
-	
-	// unary plus operator 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	quadruple operator+ ()const;
-	
+	void operator/=(const quadruple& oprnd2);
 
-	friend FUNCTION_HD bool operator == <T> (const quadruple<T> &opr1, const quadruple<T> &opr2);
-	
-	// << operator 	
-	friend FUNCTION_H iOstream& operator<< <T> (iOstream& str, const quadruple<T> & ov);
-	
-	// >> operator 
-	friend FUNCTION_H iIstream& operator >> <T> (iIstream & str, quadruple<T> & iv);
+	// unary negate operator
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	quadruple operator-() const;
+
+	// unary plus operator
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	quadruple               operator+() const;
+
+	friend FUNCTION_HD bool operator==
+	  <T>(const quadruple<T>& opr1, const quadruple<T>& opr2);
+
+	// << operator
+	friend FUNCTION_H iOstream&
+	operator<< <T>(iOstream& str, const quadruple<T>& ov);
+
+	// >> operator
+	friend FUNCTION_H iIstream& operator>> <T>(iIstream& str, quadruple<T>& iv);
 
 	// same as >> operator, but faster, good for mass read
-	friend FUNCTION_H void readIstream <T>( iIstream& str, quadruple<T> &iv);
-
-
+	friend FUNCTION_H void readIstream<T>(iIstream& str, quadruple<T>& iv);
 };
 
 } // pFlow
 
-
 #include "quadrupleI.hpp"
-//#include "quadrupleMath.hpp"
+// #include "quadrupleMath.hpp"
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/types/quadruple/quadrupleFwd.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/types/quadruple/quadrupleFwd.hpp
index 7ba0a085..5deee4f5 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/types/quadruple/quadrupleFwd.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/types/quadruple/quadrupleFwd.hpp
@@ -2,140 +2,86 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T dot
-(
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd2
-);
-
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator + 
-(
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd2
-);
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T
+dot(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2);
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator+
-(
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const T & oprnd2
-);
-
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T>
+operator+(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2);
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator+
-(
-	const T & oprnd2,
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd1
-); 
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T>
+                   operator+(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const T& oprnd2);
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator-
-(
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd2
-);
-	
-template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator-
-(
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const T & oprnd2
-);
-	
-template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator-
-(
-	const T & oprnd1,
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd2
-);
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T>
+                   operator+(const T& oprnd2, const quadruple<T>& oprnd1);
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator*
-(
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd2
-);
-	
-template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator*
-(
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const T & oprnd2
-);
-	
-template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator*
-(
-	const T & oprnd1,
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd2
-);
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T>
+operator-(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2);
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator/
-(
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd2
-);
-	
-template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator/
-(
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const T & oprnd2
-);
-	
-template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T> operator/
-(
-	const T & oprnd1,
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd2
-);
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T>
+                   operator-(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const T& oprnd2);
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool operator ==
-(
-	const quadruple<T> &opr1,
-	const quadruple<T> &opr2
-);
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H iOstream& operator<<
-(
-	iOstream& str,
-	const quadruple<T> & ov
-);
-
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H iIstream& operator>>
-(
-	iIstream& str,
-	quadruple<T> & iv
-);
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T>
+                   operator-(const T& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2);
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H void readIstream 
-(
-	iIstream& str,
-	quadruple<T> & iv
-);
\ No newline at end of file
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T>
+operator*(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2);
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T>
+                   operator*(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const T& oprnd2);
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T>
+                   operator*(const T& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2);
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T>
+operator/(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2);
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T>
+                   operator/(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const T& oprnd2);
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD quadruple<T>
+                   operator/(const T& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2);
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool
+operator==(const quadruple<T>& opr1, const quadruple<T>& opr2);
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H iOstream&
+operator<<(iOstream& str, const quadruple<T>& ov);
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H iIstream&
+operator>>(iIstream& str, quadruple<T>& iv);
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H void
+readIstream(iIstream& str, quadruple<T>& iv);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/types/quadruple/quadrupleI.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/types/quadruple/quadrupleI.hpp
index 7c45094f..75507658 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/types/quadruple/quadrupleI.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/types/quadruple/quadrupleI.hpp
@@ -2,297 +2,190 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD  T pFlow::dot
-(
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd2
-)
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T
+pFlow::dot(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2)
 {
-	return  oprnd1.s_ * oprnd2.s_ + 
- 			dot(oprnd1.v(), oprnd2.v()) ;
+	return oprnd1.s_ * oprnd2.s_ + dot(oprnd1.v(), oprnd2.v());
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T pFlow::quadruple<T>::length
-(
-)const
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T
+pFlow::quadruple<T>::length() const
 {
-	return sqrt(dot(*this,*this));
+	return sqrt(dot(*this, *this));
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void pFlow::quadruple<T>::normalize
-(
-)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void
+pFlow::quadruple<T>::normalize()
 {
 	T l = length();
-	if( static_cast<real>(l) > smallValue ) 
+	if (static_cast<real>(l) > smallValue)
 	{
 		*this /= l;
 	}
 }
 
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T> pFlow::operator+ 
-(
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd2
-)
-{
-	return quadruple<T>(
-		oprnd1.s_ + oprnd2.s_,
-		oprnd1.v_ + oprnd2.v_
-		);
-}
-
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T> pFlow::operator+
-(
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const T & oprnd2
-)
-{
-	return quadruple<T>(
-		oprnd1.s_ + oprnd2,
-		oprnd1.v_ + oprnd2
-		);
-}
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T> pFlow::operator+
-(
-	const T & oprnd1,
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd2
-)
-{
-	return quadruple<T>(
-		oprnd1 + oprnd2.s_,
-		oprnd1 + oprnd2.v_
-		);
-}
-
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T> pFlow::operator- 
-(
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd2
-)
-{
-	return quadruple<T>(
-		oprnd1.s_ - oprnd2.s_,
-		oprnd1.v_ - oprnd2.v_
-		);
-}
-
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T> pFlow::operator-
-(
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const T & oprnd2
-)
-{
-	return quadruple<T>(
-		oprnd1.s_ - oprnd2,
-		oprnd1.v_ - oprnd2
-		);
-}
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T> pFlow::operator-
-(
-	const T & oprnd1,
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd2
-)
-{
-	return quadruple<T>(
-		oprnd1 - oprnd2.s_,
-		oprnd1 - oprnd2.v_
-		);
-}
-
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T> pFlow::operator*
-(
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd2
-)
-{
-	return quadruple<T>(
-		oprnd1.s_ * oprnd2.s_,
-		oprnd1.v_ * oprnd2.v_
-		);
-}
-
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T> pFlow::operator*
-(
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const T & oprnd2
-)
-{
-	return quadruple<T>(
-		oprnd1.s_ * oprnd2,
-		oprnd1.v_ * oprnd2
-		);
-}
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T> pFlow::operator*
-(
-	const T & oprnd1,
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd2
-)
-{
-	return quadruple<T>(
-		oprnd1 * oprnd2.s_,
-		oprnd1 * oprnd2.v_
-		);
-}
-
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T> pFlow::operator/
-(
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd2
-)
-{
-	return quadruple<T>(
-		oprnd1.s_ / oprnd2.s_,
-		oprnd1.v_ / oprnd2.v_
-		);
-}
-
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T> pFlow::operator/
-(
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const T & oprnd2
-)
-{
-	return quadruple<T>(
-		oprnd1.s_ / oprnd2,
-		oprnd1.v_ / oprnd2
-		);
-}
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T> pFlow::operator/
-(
-	const T & oprnd1,
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd2
-)
-{
-	return quadruple<T>(
-		oprnd1 / oprnd2.s_,
-		oprnd1 / oprnd2.v_
-		);
-}
- 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void pFlow::quadruple<T>::operator+=
-(
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd2
-)
-{	
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T>
+pFlow::operator+(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2)
+{
+	return quadruple<T>(oprnd1.s_ + oprnd2.s_, oprnd1.v_ + oprnd2.v_);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T>
+                   pFlow::operator+(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const T& oprnd2)
+{
+	return quadruple<T>(oprnd1.s_ + oprnd2, oprnd1.v_ + oprnd2);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T>
+                   pFlow::operator+(const T& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2)
+{
+	return quadruple<T>(oprnd1 + oprnd2.s_, oprnd1 + oprnd2.v_);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T>
+pFlow::operator-(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2)
+{
+	return quadruple<T>(oprnd1.s_ - oprnd2.s_, oprnd1.v_ - oprnd2.v_);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T>
+                   pFlow::operator-(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const T& oprnd2)
+{
+	return quadruple<T>(oprnd1.s_ - oprnd2, oprnd1.v_ - oprnd2);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T>
+                   pFlow::operator-(const T& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2)
+{
+	return quadruple<T>(oprnd1 - oprnd2.s_, oprnd1 - oprnd2.v_);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T>
+pFlow::operator*(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2)
+{
+	return quadruple<T>(oprnd1.s_ * oprnd2.s_, oprnd1.v_ * oprnd2.v_);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T>
+                   pFlow::operator*(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const T& oprnd2)
+{
+	return quadruple<T>(oprnd1.s_ * oprnd2, oprnd1.v_ * oprnd2);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T>
+                   pFlow::operator*(const T& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2)
+{
+	return quadruple<T>(oprnd1 * oprnd2.s_, oprnd1 * oprnd2.v_);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T>
+pFlow::operator/(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2)
+{
+	return quadruple<T>(oprnd1.s_ / oprnd2.s_, oprnd1.v_ / oprnd2.v_);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T>
+                   pFlow::operator/(const quadruple<T>& oprnd1, const T& oprnd2)
+{
+	return quadruple<T>(oprnd1.s_ / oprnd2, oprnd1.v_ / oprnd2);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T>
+                   pFlow::operator/(const T& oprnd1, const quadruple<T>& oprnd2)
+{
+	return quadruple<T>(oprnd1 / oprnd2.s_, oprnd1 / oprnd2.v_);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void
+pFlow::quadruple<T>::operator+=(const quadruple<T>& oprnd2)
+{
 	this->s_ += oprnd2.s_;
 	this->v_ += oprnd2.v_;
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void pFlow::quadruple<T>::operator-=
-(
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd2
-)
-{	
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void
+pFlow::quadruple<T>::operator-=(const quadruple<T>& oprnd2)
+{
 	this->s_ -= oprnd2.s_;
 	this->v_ -= oprnd2.v_;
-	
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void pFlow::quadruple<T>::operator*=
-(
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd2
-)
-{	
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void
+pFlow::quadruple<T>::operator*=(const quadruple<T>& oprnd2)
+{
 	this->s_ *= oprnd2.s_;
 	this->v_ *= oprnd2.v_;
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void pFlow::quadruple<T>::operator/=
-(
-	const quadruple<T> & oprnd2
-)
-{	
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void
+pFlow::quadruple<T>::operator/=(const quadruple<T>& oprnd2)
+{
 	this->s_ /= oprnd2.s_;
 	this->v_ /= oprnd2.v_;
-	
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T> pFlow::quadruple<T>::operator-
-(
-) const
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T>
+                   pFlow::quadruple<T>::operator-() const
 {
 	return quadruple<T>(-this->s_, -this->v_);
 }
-	
+
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T> pFlow::quadruple<T>::operator+
-(
-) const
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::quadruple<T>
+                   pFlow::quadruple<T>::operator+() const
 {
 	return *this;
 }
 
-
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool pFlow::operator == 
-(
-	const quadruple<T> &opr1,
-	const quadruple<T> &opr2
-){
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool
+pFlow::operator==(const quadruple<T>& opr1, const quadruple<T>& opr2)
+{
 	return equal(opr1.s_, opr2.s_) && equal(opr1.v_, opr2.v_);
 };
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::operator <<
-(
-	iOstream & str,
-	const quadruple<T> & ov
-)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H pFlow::iOstream&
+                  pFlow::operator<<(iOstream& str, const quadruple<T>& ov)
 {
-
-	str << token::BEGIN_LIST << ov.w()
-	    << token::SPACE << ov.x()
-	    << token::SPACE << ov.y()
-	    << token::SPACE << ov.z()
-		<< token::END_LIST;	    
+	str << token::BEGIN_LIST << ov.w() << token::SPACE << ov.x() << token::SPACE
+	    << ov.y() << token::SPACE << ov.z() << token::END_LIST;
 
 	str.check(FUNCTION_NAME);
 
@@ -300,52 +193,43 @@ INLINE_FUNCTION_H pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::operator <<
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::operator >>
-(
-	iIstream & str,
-	quadruple<T> & iv
-)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H pFlow::iIstream&
+                  pFlow::operator>>(iIstream& str, quadruple<T>& iv)
 {
-
 	str.readBegin("quadruple<T>");
 
 	str >> iv.w();
-    str >> iv.x();
-    str >> iv.y();
-    str >> iv.z();
+	str >> iv.x();
+	str >> iv.y();
+	str >> iv.z();
 
-    str.readEnd("quadruple<T>");
+	str.readEnd("quadruple<T>");
 
-    str.check(FUNCTION_NAME);
+	str.check(FUNCTION_NAME);
 
 	return str;
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H void pFlow::readIstream
-(
-	iIstream & str,
-	quadruple<T> & iv
-)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H void
+pFlow::readIstream(iIstream& str, quadruple<T>& iv)
 {
-
 	str.readBegin("quadruple<T>");
 	T val;
 
-    readIstream(str, val);
-    iv.w() = val;
+	readIstream(str, val);
+	iv.w() = val;
 
-    readIstream(str, val);
-    iv.x() = val;
-    
-    readIstream(str, val);
-    iv.y() = val;
+	readIstream(str, val);
+	iv.x() = val;
 
-    readIstream(str, val);
-    iv.z() = val;
-    
-    str.readEnd("quadruple<T>");
+	readIstream(str, val);
+	iv.y() = val;
 
-    str.check(FUNCTION_NAME);
+	readIstream(str, val);
+	iv.z() = val;
 
+	str.readEnd("quadruple<T>");
+
+	str.check(FUNCTION_NAME);
 }
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/types/quadruple/quadrupleMath.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/types/quadruple/quadrupleMath.hpp
index 68980765..96d7164c 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/types/quadruple/quadrupleMath.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/types/quadruple/quadrupleMath.hpp
@@ -2,44 +2,47 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-#define Q4Func(fnName) 									\
-template<typename T> 									\
-inline pFlow::quadruple<T> pFlow::fnName(const quadruple<T>& q) 			\
-{																\
-	return quadruple<T>(fnName(q.s_), fnName(q.v_));	\
-}
+#define Q4Func(fnName)                                                         \
+	template<typename T>                                                       \
+	inline pFlow::quadruple<T> pFlow::fnName(const quadruple<T>& q)            \
+	{                                                                          \
+		return quadruple<T>(fnName(q.s_), fnName(q.v_));                       \
+	}
 
-#define Q4Func2(fnName)  															\
-template<typename T>																\
-inline pFlow::quadruple<T> pFlow::fnName(const quadruple<T>& arg1, const quadruple<T>& arg2)	\
-{																					\
-	return quadruple<T>(fnName(arg1.s_, arg2.s_), fnName(arg1.v_,arg2.v_)); \
-}
+#define Q4Func2(fnName)                                                        \
+	template<typename T>                                                       \
+	inline pFlow::quadruple<T> pFlow::fnName(                                  \
+	  const quadruple<T>& arg1, const quadruple<T>& arg2                       \
+	)                                                                          \
+	{                                                                          \
+		return quadruple<T>(                                                   \
+		  fnName(arg1.s_, arg2.s_), fnName(arg1.v_, arg2.v_)                   \
+		);                                                                     \
+	}
 
 //* * * * * * * * * * *  List of functinos * * * * * * * * //
 // abs, mod, exp, log, log10, pow, sqrt, cbrt
 // sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2
-// sinh, cosh, tanh, asinh, acosh, atanh 
+// sinh, cosh, tanh, asinh, acosh, atanh
 // min, max
 //* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
-
 Q4Func(abs);
 Q4Func2(mod);
 Q4Func(exp);
@@ -64,28 +67,28 @@ Q4Func(atanh);
 Q4Func2(min);
 Q4Func2(max);
 
-
 template<typename T>
-inline pFlow::quadruple<T> pFlow::pow(const quadruple<T>& q4, T e)
+inline pFlow::quadruple<T>
+pFlow::pow(const quadruple<T>& q4, T e)
 {
-	return quadruple<T>( pow(q4.s_, e), pow(q4.v_,e));
+	return quadruple<T>(pow(q4.s_, e), pow(q4.v_, e));
 }
 
 // return the min of 3 elements x, y, z
 template<typename T>
-inline T pFlow::min(const quadruple<T>& q4)
+inline T
+pFlow::min(const quadruple<T>& q4)
 {
-	return min( min(q4.v_), q4.s_);
+	return min(min(q4.v_), q4.s_);
 }
 
 // return the max of 3 elements x, y, z
 template<typename T>
-inline T pFlow::max(const quadruple<T>& q4)
+inline T
+pFlow::max(const quadruple<T>& q4)
 {
-	return max( max(q4.v_), q4.s_);
+	return max(max(q4.v_), q4.s_);
 }
 
-
-
 #undef Q4Func
 #undef Q4Func2
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/types/triple/triple.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/types/triple/triple.hpp
index 50c6e83b..8b6735af 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/types/triple/triple.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/types/triple/triple.hpp
@@ -2,75 +2,85 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
 #ifndef __triple_hpp__
 #define __triple_hpp__
 
 #include "pFlowMacros.hpp"
 #include "numericConstants.hpp"
+#include "typeInfo.hpp"
 #include "uniquePtr.hpp"
 #include "iOstream.hpp"
 #include "iIstream.hpp"
 #include "error.hpp"
 
-
-
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-
-template<typename T> class triple;
-
+/// - Forward
+template<typename T>
+class triple;
 
 #include "tripleFwd.hpp"
 
-
-// for 3D vectors
-// it should be used only for numeric types, real, unit 
-template <typename T>
+/**
+ * A set of 3 variables that can be used for vector variables.
+ * The template parameter should be numeric type only.
+ *
+ */
+template<typename T>
 struct triple
 {
-	// data members
+	/// data members
 	T x_;
 	T y_;
 	T z_;
 
-	// initilizes to zero
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple():
-	x_(0),
-	y_(0),
-	z_(0)
-	{}
+	/// Type info for triple
+	TripleTypeInfoNV(T);
+	
+	//// Constructors
 
-	// Constructors
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple(const T &x, const T &y, const T &z):
-	x_(x),
-	y_(y),
-	z_(z)
-	{}
+	/// Initilize to zero
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	triple() = default;
+	
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	~triple() = default;
 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple(const T &v):
-	triple(v, v, v)
-	{}
+	/// Construct from x, y, z
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	triple(const T& x, const T& y, const T& z)
+	  : x_(x),
+	    y_(y),
+	    z_(z)
+	{
+	}
 
-	// type conversion trough assignment  
-	template <typename T2>
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T> & operator = (const triple<T2> & rhs)
+	/// Construct from v
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	triple(const T& v)
+	  : triple(v, v, v)
+	{
+	}
+
+	/// Type conversion trough assignment
+	template<typename T2>
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T>& operator=(const triple<T2>& rhs)
 	{
 		this->x_ = static_cast<T>(rhs.x_);
 		this->y_ = static_cast<T>(rhs.y_);
@@ -78,159 +88,231 @@ struct triple
 		return *this;
 	}
 
-	// type casting through copy constructor 
+	/// Type casting through copy constructor
 	template<typename T2>
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple(const triple<T2> &src):
-	x_(static_cast<T>(src.x_)),
-	y_(static_cast<T>(src.y_)),
-	z_(static_cast<T>(src.z_))
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple(const triple<T2>& src)
+	  : x_(static_cast<T>(src.x_)),
+	    y_(static_cast<T>(src.y_)),
+	    z_(static_cast<T>(src.z_))
 	{
 	}
-	
-	// copy construct
+
+	/// Copy construct
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	triple(const triple<T>& src) = default;
 
-	// volatile copy construct
-	/*INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	triple(volatile triple<T>& src):
-		x_(src.x_),
-		y_(src.y_),
-		z_(src.z_)
-	{}*/
-
-	/*INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	triple& operator=(volatile triple<T>& src)	
-	{
-		x_ = src.x_;
-		y_ = src.y_;
-		z_ = src.z_;
-	}*/
-
-	// move construct
+	/// Move construct
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	triple(triple<T>&& src) = default;
 
-	// copy assignment
+	/// copy assignment
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	triple<T>& operator=(const triple<T>& src) = default;
 
-	// move assignment
+	/// move assignment
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	triple<T>& operator=(triple<T>&& src) = default;
 
-	// clone 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION 
+	/// clone
+	INLINE_FUNCTION
 	uniquePtr<triple<T>> clone() const
 	{
 		return makeUnique<triple<T>>(*this);
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION
-	triple<T>* clonePtr()const
+	triple<T>* clonePtr() const
 	{
 		return new triple<T>(*this);
 	}
 
-	//// member methods
+	////// member methods
 
-	// access
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T & x(){ return x_; }
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD const T & x()const { return x_; }
-	
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T & y(){ return y_; }
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD const T & y()const { return y_; }
+	/// access component
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T& x()
+	{
+		return x_;
+	}
 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T & z(){ return z_; }
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD const T & z()const { return z_; }
+	/// access component
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD const T& x() const
+	{
+		return x_;
+	}
 
-	// methods
-	friend FUNCTION_HD T dot <T> (const triple<T> & oprnd1, const triple<T> & oprnd2);
-	
-	friend FUNCTION_HD triple<T> cross <T>(const triple<T> & v1, const triple<T> & v2);
-	
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T length() const; 
+	/// access component
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T& y()
+	{
+		return y_;
+	}
 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void normalize(); 
+	/// access component
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD const T& y() const
+	{
+		return y_;
+	}
 
+	/// access component
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T& z()
+	{
+		return z_;
+	}
 
+	/// access component
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD const T& z() const
+	{
+		return z_;
+	}
 
-	//// operators 
-	
-	// + operator
-	friend FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator+ <T> (const triple<T> & oprnd1, const triple<T> & oprnd2);
+	/// access component
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T& comp1()
+	{
+		return x_;
+	}
 
-	friend FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator+ <T> (const triple<T> & oprnd1, const T & oprnd2);
-	
-	friend FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator+ <T> (const T & oprnd1, const triple<T> & oprnd2);	
-	
-	// - operator 
-	friend FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator - <T> (const triple<T> & oprnd1, const triple<T> & oprnd2);
-	
-	friend FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator - <T> (const triple<T> & oprnd1, const T & oprnd2);
-	
-	friend FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator - <T> (const T & oprnd1, const triple<T> & oprnd2);
-	
-	// * operators
-	friend FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator * <T> (const triple<T> & oprnd1, const triple<T> & oprnd2);
-	
-	friend FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator * <T> (const triple<T> & oprnd1, const T & oprnd2);
-	
-	friend FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator * <T> (const T & oprnd1, const triple<T> & oprnd2);
+	/// access component
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD const T& comp1() const
+	{
+		return x_;
+	}
 
-	// / operators
-	friend FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator / <T> (const triple<T> & oprnd1, const triple<T> & oprnd2);
-	
-	friend FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator / <T> (const triple<T> & oprnd1, const T & oprnd2);
-	
-	friend FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator / <T> (const T & oprnd1, const triple<T> & oprnd2);
+	/// access component
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T& comp2()
+	{
+		return y_;
+	}
 
+	/// access component
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD const T& comp2() const
+	{
+		return y_;
+	}
 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void operator+= (const triple & oprnd2);
+	/// access component
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T& comp3()
+	{
+		return z_;
+	}
 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void operator-= (const triple & oprnd2);
+	/// access component
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD const T& comp3() const
+	{
+		return z_;
+	}
 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void operator*= (const triple & oprnd2);
+	//// methods
 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void operator/= (const triple & oprnd2);
-	
-	
-	// unary negate operator 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple operator- ()const;
-	
-	// unary plus operator 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple operator+ ()const;
-	
+	/// Dot product of two vectors
+	friend FUNCTION_HD T
+	                   dot<T>(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2);
 
-	friend FUNCTION_HD bool operator == <T> (const triple<T> &opr1, const triple<T> &opr2);
+	/// Cross product of two vectors
+	friend FUNCTION_HD triple<T>
+	                   cross<T>(const triple<T>& v1, const triple<T>& v2);
 
-	friend FUNCTION_HD bool operator < <T> (const triple<T> &opr1, const triple<T> &opr2);
+	/// Length of the vector
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T    length() const;
 
-	friend FUNCTION_HD bool operator > <T> (const triple<T> &opr1, const triple<T> &opr2);
+	/// Normalize the vector
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void normalize();
 
-	friend FUNCTION_HD bool operator >= <T> (const triple<T> &opr1, const triple<T> &opr2);
+	//// operators
 
-	friend FUNCTION_HD bool operator <= <T> (const triple<T> &opr1, const triple<T> &opr2);
-	
-	// << operator 	
-	friend iOstream& operator<< <T> (iOstream& str, const triple<T> & ov);
-	
-	// >> operator 
-	friend iIstream& operator >> <T> (iIstream & str, triple<T> & iv);
+	/// + operator
+	friend FUNCTION_HD      triple<T> operator+
+	  <T>(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2);
 
-	// same as >> operator, but faster, good for mass read
-	friend void readIstream <T>( iIstream& str, triple<T> &iv);
+	friend FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator+
+	  <T>(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const T& oprnd2);
 
+	friend FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator+
+	  <T>(const T& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2);
+
+	/// - operator
+	friend FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator-
+	  <T>(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2);
+
+	friend FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator-
+	  <T>(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const T& oprnd2);
+
+	friend FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator-
+	  <T>(const T& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2);
+
+	/// * operators
+	friend FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator*
+	  <T>(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2);
+
+	friend FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator*
+	  <T>(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const T& oprnd2);
+
+	friend FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator*
+	  <T>(const T& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2);
+
+	/// / operators
+	friend FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator/
+	  <T>(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2);
+
+	friend FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator/
+	  <T>(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const T& oprnd2);
+
+	friend FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator/
+	  <T>(const T& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2);
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void   operator+=(const triple& oprnd2);
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void   operator-=(const triple& oprnd2);
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void   operator*=(const triple& oprnd2);
+
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void   operator/=(const triple& oprnd2);
+
+	/// unary negate operator
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple operator-() const;
+
+	/// unary plus operator
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple operator+() const;
+
+	friend FUNCTION_HD bool   operator==
+	  <T>(const triple<T>& opr1, const triple<T>& opr2);
+
+	friend FUNCTION_HD bool
+	operator< <T>(const triple<T>& opr1, const triple<T>& opr2);
+
+	friend FUNCTION_HD bool operator>
+	  <T>(const triple<T>& opr1, const triple<T>& opr2);
+
+	friend FUNCTION_HD bool operator>=
+	  <T>(const triple<T>& opr1, const triple<T>& opr2);
+
+	friend FUNCTION_HD bool operator<=
+	  <T>(const triple<T>& opr1, const triple<T>& opr2);
+
+	//// IO operators
+
+	/// << operator
+	friend iOstream& operator<< <T>(iOstream& str, const triple<T>& ov);
+
+	/// >> operator
+	friend iIstream& operator>> <T>(iIstream& str, triple<T>& iv);
+
+	/// same as >> operator, but faster, good for mass read
+	friend void readIstream<T>(iIstream& str, triple<T>& iv);
 };
 
 template<typename T>
-bool INLINE_FUNCTION_HD equal( const triple<T>& opr1, const triple<T>& opr2 );
+bool INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+equal(const triple<T>& opr1, const triple<T>& opr2);
 
+bool INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+equal(const triple<real>& opr1, const triple<real>& opr2, real tol)
+{
+	return equal(opr1.x(), opr2.x(), tol) && equal(opr1.y(), opr2.y(), tol) &&
+	       equal(opr1.z(), opr2.z(), tol);
+}
 
-} // end of pFlow
+} /// end of pFlow
 
 #include "tripleI.hpp"
 #include "tripleMath.hpp"
 
-
 #endif
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/types/triple/tripleFwd.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/types/triple/tripleFwd.hpp
index fe834702..e9d36b0e 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/types/triple/tripleFwd.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/types/triple/tripleFwd.hpp
@@ -2,188 +2,114 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T dot
-(
-	const triple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const triple<T> & oprnd2
-);
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T
+dot(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2);
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T> cross
-(
-	const triple<T> & v1,
-	const triple<T> & v2
-);
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T>
+                   cross(const triple<T>& v1, const triple<T>& v2);
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T length
-(
-	const triple<T> & v1
-);
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T
+length(const triple<T>& v1);
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T> normalize
-(
-	const triple<T>& v1
-);
-
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator + 
-(
-	const triple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const triple<T> & oprnd2
-);
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T>
+                   normalize(const triple<T>& v1);
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator+
-(
-	const triple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const T & oprnd2
-);
-
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T>
+                   operator+(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2);
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator+
-(
-	const T & oprnd2,
-	const triple<T> & oprnd1
-); 
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T>
+                   operator+(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const T& oprnd2);
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator-
-(
-	const triple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const triple<T> & oprnd2
-);
-	
-template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator-
-(
-	const triple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const T & oprnd2
-);
-	
-template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator-
-(
-	const T & oprnd1,
-	const triple<T> & oprnd2
-);
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T>
+                   operator+(const T& oprnd2, const triple<T>& oprnd1);
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator*
-(
-	const triple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const triple<T> & oprnd2
-);
-	
-template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator*
-(
-	const triple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const T & oprnd2
-);
-	
-template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator*
-(
-	const T & oprnd1,
-	const triple<T> & oprnd2
-);
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T>
+                   operator-(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2);
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator/
-(
-	const triple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const triple<T> & oprnd2
-);
-	
-template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator/
-(
-	const triple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const T & oprnd2
-);
-	
-template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T> operator/
-(
-	const T & oprnd1,
-	const triple<T> & oprnd2
-);
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T>
+                   operator-(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const T& oprnd2);
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool operator ==
-(
-	const triple<T> &opr1,
-	const triple<T> &opr2
-);
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T>
+                   operator-(const T& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2);
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool operator >
-(
-	const triple<T> &opr1,
-	const triple<T> &opr2
-);
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T>
+                   operator*(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2);
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool operator <
-(
-	const triple<T> &opr1,
-	const triple<T> &opr2
-);
-
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T>
+                   operator*(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const T& oprnd2);
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool operator <=
-(
-	const triple<T> &opr1,
-	const triple<T> &opr2
-);
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T>
+                   operator*(const T& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2);
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool operator >=
-(
-	const triple<T> &opr1,
-	const triple<T> &opr2
-);
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION iOstream& operator<<
-(
-	iOstream& str,
-	const triple<T> & ov
-);
-
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION iIstream& operator>>
-(
-	iIstream& str,
-	triple<T> & iv
-);
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T>
+                   operator/(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2);
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION void readIstream 
-(
-	iIstream& str,
-	triple<T> & iv
-);
\ No newline at end of file
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T>
+                   operator/(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const T& oprnd2);
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T>
+                   operator/(const T& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2);
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool
+operator==(const triple<T>& opr1, const triple<T>& opr2);
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool
+operator>(const triple<T>& opr1, const triple<T>& opr2);
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool
+operator<(const triple<T>& opr1, const triple<T>& opr2);
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool
+operator<=(const triple<T>& opr1, const triple<T>& opr2);
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool
+operator>=(const triple<T>& opr1, const triple<T>& opr2);
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION iOstream&
+operator<<(iOstream& str, const triple<T>& ov);
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION iIstream&
+operator>>(iIstream& str, triple<T>& iv);
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION void
+readIstream(iIstream& str, triple<T>& iv);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/types/triple/tripleI.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/types/triple/tripleI.hpp
index 7d9ce5fe..b829d56e 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/types/triple/tripleI.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/types/triple/tripleI.hpp
@@ -2,332 +2,239 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD  T pFlow::dot
-(
-	const triple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const triple<T> & oprnd2
-)
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T
+pFlow::dot(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2)
 {
-	return  oprnd1.x_ * oprnd2.x_ + 
- 			oprnd1.y_ * oprnd2.y_ + 
- 			oprnd1.z_ * oprnd2.z_ ;
+	return oprnd1.x_ * oprnd2.x_ + oprnd1.y_ * oprnd2.y_ +
+	       oprnd1.z_ * oprnd2.z_;
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T> pFlow::cross
-(
-	const triple<T> & v1,
-	const triple<T> & v2
-)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T>
+                   pFlow::cross(const triple<T>& v1, const triple<T>& v2)
 {
 	return triple<T>(
-			v1.y_*v2.z_ - v1.z_*v2.y_,
-			v1.z_*v2.x_ - v1.x_*v2.z_,
-			v1.x_*v2.y_ - v1.y_*v2.x_
-			);
+	  v1.y_ * v2.z_ - v1.z_ * v2.y_,
+	  v1.z_ * v2.x_ - v1.x_ * v2.z_,
+	  v1.x_ * v2.y_ - v1.y_ * v2.x_
+	);
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T pFlow::length
-(
-	const triple<T> & v1
-)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T
+pFlow::length(const triple<T>& v1)
 {
 	return v1.length();
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T> pFlow::normalize(const triple<T>& v1)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T>
+                   pFlow::normalize(const triple<T>& v1)
 {
-	return v1/max(length(v1),verySmallValue);
+	return v1 / max(length(v1), verySmallValue);
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T pFlow::triple<T>::length
-(
-)const
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T
+pFlow::triple<T>::length() const
 {
-	return sqrt(dot(*this,*this));
+	return sqrt(dot(*this, *this));
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void pFlow::triple<T>::normalize
-(
-)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void
+pFlow::triple<T>::normalize()
 {
-	*this = *this/max(length(),verySmallValue);
+	*this = *this / max(length(), verySmallValue);
 }
 
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T> pFlow::operator+ 
-(
-	const triple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const triple<T> & oprnd2
-)
-{
-	return triple<T>(
-		oprnd1.x_ + oprnd2.x_,
-		oprnd1.y_ + oprnd2.y_,
-		oprnd1.z_ + oprnd2.z_
-		);
-}
-
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T> pFlow::operator+
-(
-	const triple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const T & oprnd2
-)
-{
-	return triple<T>(
-		oprnd1.x_ + oprnd2,
-		oprnd1.y_ + oprnd2,
-		oprnd1.z_ + oprnd2
-		);
-}
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T> pFlow::operator+
-(
-	const T & oprnd1,
-	const triple<T> & oprnd2
-)
-{
-	return triple<T>(
-		oprnd1 + oprnd2.x_,
-		oprnd1 + oprnd2.y_,
-		oprnd1 + oprnd2.z_
-		);
-}
-
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T> pFlow::operator- 
-(
-	const triple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const triple<T> & oprnd2
-)
-{
-	return triple<T>(
-		oprnd1.x_ - oprnd2.x_,
-		oprnd1.y_ - oprnd2.y_,
-		oprnd1.z_ - oprnd2.z_
-		);
-}
-
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T> pFlow::operator-
-(
-	const triple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const T & oprnd2
-)
-{
-	return triple<T>(
-		oprnd1.x_ - oprnd2,
-		oprnd1.y_ - oprnd2,
-		oprnd1.z_ - oprnd2
-		);
-}
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T> pFlow::operator-
-(
-	const T & oprnd1,
-	const triple<T> & oprnd2
-)
-{
-	return triple<T>(
-		oprnd1 - oprnd2.x_,
-		oprnd1 - oprnd2.y_,
-		oprnd1 - oprnd2.z_
-		);
-}
-
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T> pFlow::operator*
-(
-	const triple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const triple<T> & oprnd2
-)
-{
-	return triple<T>(
-		oprnd1.x_ * oprnd2.x_,
-		oprnd1.y_ * oprnd2.y_,
-		oprnd1.z_ * oprnd2.z_
-		);
-}
-
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T> pFlow::operator*
-(
-	const triple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const T & oprnd2
-)
-{
-	return triple<T>(
-		oprnd1.x_ * oprnd2,
-		oprnd1.y_ * oprnd2,
-		oprnd1.z_ * oprnd2
-		);
-}
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T> pFlow::operator*
-(
-	const T & oprnd1,
-	const triple<T> & oprnd2
-)
-{
-	return triple<T>(
-		oprnd1 * oprnd2.x_,
-		oprnd1 * oprnd2.y_,
-		oprnd1 * oprnd2.z_
-		);
-}
-
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T> pFlow::operator/
-(
-	const triple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const triple<T> & oprnd2
-)
-{
-	return triple<T>(
-		oprnd1.x_ / oprnd2.x_,
-		oprnd1.y_ / oprnd2.y_,
-		oprnd1.z_ / oprnd2.z_
-		);
-}
-
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T> pFlow::operator/
-(
-	const triple<T> & oprnd1,
-	const T & oprnd2
-)
-{
-	return triple<T>(
-		oprnd1.x_ / oprnd2,
-		oprnd1.y_ / oprnd2,
-		oprnd1.z_ / oprnd2
-		);
-}
-
-template<typename T> 
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T> pFlow::operator/
-(
-	const T & oprnd1,
-	const triple<T> & oprnd2
-)
-{
-	return triple<T>(
-		oprnd1 / oprnd2.x_,
-		oprnd1 / oprnd2.y_,
-		oprnd1 / oprnd2.z_
-		);
-}
- 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void pFlow::triple<T>::operator+=
-(
-	const triple<T> & oprnd2
-)
-{	
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T>
+pFlow::operator+(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2)
+{
+	return triple<T>(
+	  oprnd1.x_ + oprnd2.x_, oprnd1.y_ + oprnd2.y_, oprnd1.z_ + oprnd2.z_
+	);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T>
+                   pFlow::operator+(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const T& oprnd2)
+{
+	return triple<T>(
+	  oprnd1.x_ + oprnd2, oprnd1.y_ + oprnd2, oprnd1.z_ + oprnd2
+	);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T>
+                   pFlow::operator+(const T& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2)
+{
+	return triple<T>(
+	  oprnd1 + oprnd2.x_, oprnd1 + oprnd2.y_, oprnd1 + oprnd2.z_
+	);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T>
+pFlow::operator-(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2)
+{
+	return triple<T>(
+	  oprnd1.x_ - oprnd2.x_, oprnd1.y_ - oprnd2.y_, oprnd1.z_ - oprnd2.z_
+	);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T>
+                   pFlow::operator-(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const T& oprnd2)
+{
+	return triple<T>(
+	  oprnd1.x_ - oprnd2, oprnd1.y_ - oprnd2, oprnd1.z_ - oprnd2
+	);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T>
+                   pFlow::operator-(const T& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2)
+{
+	return triple<T>(
+	  oprnd1 - oprnd2.x_, oprnd1 - oprnd2.y_, oprnd1 - oprnd2.z_
+	);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T>
+pFlow::operator*(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2)
+{
+	return triple<T>(
+	  oprnd1.x_ * oprnd2.x_, oprnd1.y_ * oprnd2.y_, oprnd1.z_ * oprnd2.z_
+	);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T>
+                   pFlow::operator*(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const T& oprnd2)
+{
+	return triple<T>(
+	  oprnd1.x_ * oprnd2, oprnd1.y_ * oprnd2, oprnd1.z_ * oprnd2
+	);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T>
+                   pFlow::operator*(const T& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2)
+{
+	return triple<T>(
+	  oprnd1 * oprnd2.x_, oprnd1 * oprnd2.y_, oprnd1 * oprnd2.z_
+	);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T>
+pFlow::operator/(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2)
+{
+	return triple<T>(
+	  oprnd1.x_ / oprnd2.x_, oprnd1.y_ / oprnd2.y_, oprnd1.z_ / oprnd2.z_
+	);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T>
+                   pFlow::operator/(const triple<T>& oprnd1, const T& oprnd2)
+{
+	return triple<T>(
+	  oprnd1.x_ / oprnd2, oprnd1.y_ / oprnd2, oprnd1.z_ / oprnd2
+	);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T>
+                   pFlow::operator/(const T& oprnd1, const triple<T>& oprnd2)
+{
+	return triple<T>(
+	  oprnd1 / oprnd2.x_, oprnd1 / oprnd2.y_, oprnd1 / oprnd2.z_
+	);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void
+pFlow::triple<T>::operator+=(const triple<T>& oprnd2)
+{
 	this->x_ = this->x_ + oprnd2.x_;
 	this->y_ = this->y_ + oprnd2.y_;
 	this->z_ = this->z_ + oprnd2.z_;
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void pFlow::triple<T>::operator-=
-(
-	const triple<T> & oprnd2
-)
-{	
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void
+pFlow::triple<T>::operator-=(const triple<T>& oprnd2)
+{
 	this->x_ = this->x_ - oprnd2.x_;
 	this->y_ = this->y_ - oprnd2.y_;
 	this->z_ = this->z_ - oprnd2.z_;
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void pFlow::triple<T>::operator*=
-(
-	const triple<T> & oprnd2
-)
-{	
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void
+pFlow::triple<T>::operator*=(const triple<T>& oprnd2)
+{
 	this->x_ = this->x_ * oprnd2.x_;
 	this->y_ = this->y_ * oprnd2.y_;
 	this->z_ = this->z_ * oprnd2.z_;
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void pFlow::triple<T>::operator/=
-(
-	const triple<T> & oprnd2
-)
-{	
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD void
+pFlow::triple<T>::operator/=(const triple<T>& oprnd2)
+{
 	this->x_ = this->x_ / oprnd2.x_;
 	this->y_ = this->y_ / oprnd2.y_;
 	this->z_ = this->z_ / oprnd2.z_;
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T> pFlow::triple<T>::operator-
-(
-) const
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T>
+                   pFlow::triple<T>::operator-() const
 {
 	return triple<T>(-this->x_, -this->y_, -this->z_);
 }
-	
+
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T> pFlow::triple<T>::operator+
-(
-) const
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T>
+                   pFlow::triple<T>::operator+() const
 {
 	return *this;
 }
 
-
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool pFlow::operator == 
-(
-	const triple<T> &opr1,
-	const triple<T> &opr2
-){
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool
+pFlow::operator==(const triple<T>& opr1, const triple<T>& opr2)
+{
 	return equal(opr1, opr2);
 };
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool pFlow::operator <
-(
-	const triple<T> &opr1,
-	const triple<T> &opr2
-)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool
+pFlow::operator<(const triple<T>& opr1, const triple<T>& opr2)
 {
-	if( opr1.x_ < opr2.x_ && opr1.y_ < opr2.y_ && opr1.z_ < opr2.z_)
+	if (opr1.x_ < opr2.x_ && opr1.y_ < opr2.y_ && opr1.z_ < opr2.z_)
 	{
 		return true;
 	}
@@ -338,13 +245,10 @@ INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool pFlow::operator <
 };
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool pFlow::operator >
-(
-	const triple<T> &opr1,
-	const triple<T> &opr2
-)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool
+pFlow::operator>(const triple<T>& opr1, const triple<T>& opr2)
 {
-	if( opr1.x_ > opr2.x_ && opr1.y_ > opr2.y_ && opr1.z_ > opr2.z_)
+	if (opr1.x_ > opr2.x_ && opr1.y_ > opr2.y_ && opr1.z_ > opr2.z_)
 	{
 		return true;
 	}
@@ -355,13 +259,10 @@ INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool pFlow::operator >
 };
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool pFlow::operator <=
-(
-	const triple<T> &opr1,
-	const triple<T> &opr2
-)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool
+pFlow::operator<=(const triple<T>& opr1, const triple<T>& opr2)
 {
-	if( opr1.x_ <= opr2.x_ && opr1.y_ <= opr2.y_ && opr1.z_ <= opr2.z_)
+	if (opr1.x_ <= opr2.x_ && opr1.y_ <= opr2.y_ && opr1.z_ <= opr2.z_)
 	{
 		return true;
 	}
@@ -371,15 +272,11 @@ INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool pFlow::operator <=
 	}
 }
 
-
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool pFlow::operator >=
-(
-	const triple<T> &opr1,
-	const triple<T> &opr2
-)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool
+pFlow::operator>=(const triple<T>& opr1, const triple<T>& opr2)
 {
-	if( opr1.x_ >= opr2.x_ && opr1.y_ >= opr2.y_ && opr1.z_ >= opr2.z_)
+	if (opr1.x_ >= opr2.x_ && opr1.y_ >= opr2.y_ && opr1.z_ >= opr2.z_)
 	{
 		return true;
 	}
@@ -389,19 +286,12 @@ INLINE_FUNCTION_HD bool pFlow::operator >=
 	}
 }
 
-
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::operator <<
-(
-	iOstream & str,
-	const triple<T> & ov
-)
+INLINE_FUNCTION pFlow::iOstream&
+                pFlow::operator<<(iOstream& str, const triple<T>& ov)
 {
-
-	str << token::BEGIN_LIST << ov.x_
-	    << token::SPACE << ov.y_
-	    << token::SPACE << ov.z_
-		<< token::END_LIST;	    
+	str << token::BEGIN_LIST << ov.x_ << token::SPACE << ov.y_ << token::SPACE
+	    << ov.z_ << token::END_LIST;
 
 	str.check(FUNCTION_NAME);
 
@@ -409,59 +299,47 @@ INLINE_FUNCTION pFlow::iOstream& pFlow::operator <<
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION pFlow::iIstream& pFlow::operator >>
-(
-	iIstream & str,
-	triple<T> & iv
-)
+INLINE_FUNCTION pFlow::iIstream&
+                pFlow::operator>>(iIstream& str, triple<T>& iv)
 {
-
 	str.readBegin("triple<T>");
 
-    str >> iv.x_;
-    str >> iv.y_;
-    str >> iv.z_;
-    
+	str >> iv.x_;
+	str >> iv.y_;
+	str >> iv.z_;
 
-    str.readEnd("triple<T>");
+	str.readEnd("triple<T>");
 
-    str.check(FUNCTION_NAME);
+	str.check(FUNCTION_NAME);
 
 	return str;
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION void pFlow::readIstream
-(
-	iIstream & str,
-	triple<T> & iv
-)
+INLINE_FUNCTION void
+pFlow::readIstream(iIstream& str, triple<T>& iv)
 {
-
 	str.readBegin("triple<T>");
 	T val;
 
-    readIstream(str, val);
-    iv.x_ = val;
-    
-    readIstream(str, val);
-    iv.y_ = val;
+	readIstream(str, val);
+	iv.x_ = val;
 
-    readIstream(str, val);
-    iv.z_ = val;
-    
-    str.readEnd("triple<T>");
+	readIstream(str, val);
+	iv.y_ = val;
 
-    str.check(FUNCTION_NAME);
+	readIstream(str, val);
+	iv.z_ = val;
 
+	str.readEnd("triple<T>");
+
+	str.check(FUNCTION_NAME);
 }
 
 template<typename T>
-bool INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::equal
-(
-	const triple<T>& opr1,
-	const triple<T>& opr2
-)
+bool INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+pFlow::equal(const triple<T>& opr1, const triple<T>& opr2)
 {
-	return equal( opr1.x(), opr2.x() ) && equal( opr1.y(), opr2.y() ) && equal( opr1.z(), opr2.z() );
+	return equal(opr1.x(), opr2.x()) && equal(opr1.y(), opr2.y()) &&
+	       equal(opr1.z(), opr2.z());
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/types/triple/tripleMath.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/types/triple/tripleMath.hpp
index 00566ed3..05b976b3 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/types/triple/tripleMath.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/types/triple/tripleMath.hpp
@@ -2,44 +2,53 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-#define T3Func(fnName) 									\
-template<typename T> 									\
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T> pFlow::fnName(const pFlow::triple<T>& v) 			\
-{																\
-	return pFlow::triple<T>(fnName(v.x_), fnName(v.y_), fnName(v.z_));	\
-}
+namespace pFlow
 
-#define T3Func2(fnName)  															\
-template<typename T>																\
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T> pFlow::fnName(const pFlow::triple<T>& arg1, const pFlow::triple<T>& arg2)	\
-{																					\
-	return pFlow::triple<T>(fnName(arg1.x_, arg2.x_), fnName(arg1.y_,arg2.y_), fnName(arg1.z_, arg2.z_)); \
-}
+{
+
+#define T3Func(fnName)                                                         \
+	template<typename T>                                                       \
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T> fnName(const triple<T>& v)                    \
+	{                                                                          \
+		return triple<T>(fnName(v.x_), fnName(v.y_), fnName(v.z_));            \
+	}
+
+#define T3Func2(fnName)                                                        \
+	template<typename T>                                                       \
+	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T> fnName(                                       \
+	  const triple<T>& arg1, const triple<T>& arg2                             \
+	)                                                                          \
+	{                                                                          \
+		return triple<T>(                                                      \
+		  fnName(arg1.x_, arg2.x_),                                            \
+		  fnName(arg1.y_, arg2.y_),                                            \
+		  fnName(arg1.z_, arg2.z_)                                             \
+		);                                                                     \
+	}
 
 //* * * * * * * * * * *  List of functinos * * * * * * * * //
 // abs, mod, exp, log, log10, pow, sqrt, cbrt
 // sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2
-// sinh, cosh, tanh, asinh, acosh, atanh 
+// sinh, cosh, tanh, asinh, acosh, atanh
 // min, max
 //* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
 
-
 T3Func(abs);
 T3Func2(mod);
 T3Func(exp);
@@ -64,30 +73,33 @@ T3Func(atanh);
 T3Func2(min);
 T3Func2(max);
 
-//// special forms of functions 
+//// special forms of functions
 
 // elements of t3 raised by e
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD pFlow::triple<T> pFlow::pow(const pFlow::triple<T>& t3, T e)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD triple<T>
+                   pow(const triple<T>& t3, T e)
 {
-	return pFlow::triple<T>( pow(t3.x_, e), pow(t3.y_,e), pow(t3.z_,e));
+	return triple<T>(pow(t3.x_, e), pow(t3.y_, e), pow(t3.z_, e));
 }
 
 // return the min of 3 elements x, y, z
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T pFlow::min(const pFlow::triple<T>& t3)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T
+min(const triple<T>& t3)
 {
-	return min( min(t3.x_, t3.y_), t3.z_);
+	return min(min(t3.x_, t3.y_), t3.z_);
 }
 
 // return the max of 3 elements x, y, z
 template<typename T>
-INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T pFlow::max(const pFlow::triple<T>& t3)
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD T
+max(const triple<T>& t3)
 {
-	return max( max(t3.x_, t3.y_), t3.z_);
+	return max(max(t3.x_, t3.y_), t3.z_);
 }
 
-
-
 #undef T3Func
-#undef T3Func2
\ No newline at end of file
+#undef T3Func2
+
+}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/types/types.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/types/types.cpp
index d5d77bbc..e4adcc54 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/types/types.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/types/types.cpp
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
@@ -22,18 +22,13 @@ Licence:
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
-		
-	const realx3 zero3(0.0);
-	const realx3 one3(1.0);
-	const uint32x3 zeroU3(0);
-	const uint32x3 oneU3(1);
 
-	const realx3x3   zero33(zero3);
-	const realx3x3   one33(one3);
-	const uint32x3x3 zeroU33(zeroU3);
-	const uint32x3x3 oneU33(oneU3);
+const realx3   zero3(0.0);
+const realx3   one3(1.0);
 
-	const real4 zero4(zero);
-	
+const realx3x3 zero33(zero3);
+const realx3x3 one33(one3);
+
+const realx4   zero4(zero);
 
 } // pFlow
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/types/types.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/types/types.hpp
index e4523725..37587517 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/types/types.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/types/types.hpp
@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ Licence:
 #ifndef __types_hpp__
 #define __types_hpp__
 
-
 #include "bTypes.hpp"
 
 #include "bTypesFunctions.hpp"
@@ -32,81 +31,117 @@ Licence:
 
 #include "typeInfo.hpp"
 
-
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-using int8x3 	= triple<int8>;
-using int16x3 	= triple<int16>;
-using int32x3 	= triple<int32>;
-using int64x3	= triple<int64>;
-using uint16x3 	= triple<uint16>;
-using uint32x3 	= triple<uint32>;
-using int32x3 	= triple<int32>;
-using int64x3 	= triple<int64>;
-using labelx3 	= triple<label>;
-using realx3 	= triple<real>;
+using int8x3   = triple<int8>;
+using int32x3  = triple<int32>;
+using int64x3  = triple<int64>;
+using uint8x3  = triple<uint8>;
+using uint32x3 = triple<uint32>;
+using uint64x3 = triple<uint64>;
+using realx3   = triple<real>;
 
-using uint16x3x3= triple<uint16x3>;
-using uint32x3x3= triple<uint32x3>;
-using int32x3x3 = triple<int32x3>;
-using labelx3x3 = triple<labelx3>;
-using realx3x3 	= triple<realx3>;
+using int32x3x3  = triple<int32x3>;
+using uint32x3x3 = triple<uint32x3>;
+using realx3x3   = triple<realx3>;
 
-using real4 	= quadruple<real>;
+using realx4 = quadruple<real>;
 
+using realx4x3 = quadruple<realx3>;
+
+/*template<>
+inline word
+triple<int8>::TYPENAME()
+{
+	return "int8x3";
+}
 
 template<>
-inline word basicTypeName<int8x3>(){	return "int8x3"; }
+inline word
+triple<int32>::TYPENAME()
+{
+	return "int32x3";
+}
 
 template<>
-inline word basicTypeName<int16x3>(){	return "int16x3"; }
+inline word
+basicTypeName<int64x3>()
+{
+	return "int64x3";
+}
 
 template<>
-inline word basicTypeName<int32x3>(){	return "int32x3"; }
+inline word
+basicTypeName<uint8x3>()
+{
+	return "uint8x3";
+}
 
 template<>
-inline word basicTypeName<int64x3>(){	return "int64x3"; }
+inline word
+basicTypeName<uint32x3>()
+{
+	return "uint32x3";
+}
 
 template<>
-inline word basicTypeName<uint16x3>(){	return "uint16x3"; }
+inline word
+basicTypeName<uint64x3>()
+{
+	return "unit64x3";
+}
 
 template<>
-inline word basicTypeName<uint32x3>(){	return "uint32x3"; }
+inline word
+basicTypeName<realx3>()
+{
+	return "realx3";
+}
 
 template<>
-inline word basicTypeName<labelx3>(){	return "labelx3"; }
+inline word
+basicTypeName<int32x3x3>()
+{
+	return "int32x3x3";
+}
 
 template<>
-inline word basicTypeName<realx3>(){	return "realx3";	}
+inline word
+basicTypeName<uint32x3x3>()
+{
+	return "uint32x3x3";
+}
 
 template<>
-inline word basicTypeName<uint16x3x3>(){ return "uint16x3x3"; }
+inline word
+basicTypeName<realx3x3>()
+{
+	return "realx3x3";
+}
 
 template<>
-inline word basicTypeName<uint32x3x3>(){ return "uint32x3x3"; }
+inline word
+basicTypeName<realx4>()
+{
+	return "realx4";
+}
 
 template<>
-inline word basicTypeName<realx3x3>(){ return "realx3x3"; }
+inline word
+basicTypeName<realx4x3>()
+{
+	return "realx4x3";
+}*/
 
-
-template<>
-inline word basicTypeName<real4>(){	return "real4";	}
-
-
-extern const realx3 zero3;
-extern const realx3 one3;
-extern const uint32x3 zeroU3;
-extern const uint32x3 oneU3;
+extern const realx3   zero3;
+extern const realx3   one3;
 
 extern const realx3x3 zero33;
 extern const realx3x3 one33;
-extern const uint32x3x3 zeroU33;
-extern const uint32x3x3 oneU33;
-
 
+extern const realx4   zero4;
 
 } // pFlow
 
-
 #endif //__types_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/setHelpers/finalize.hpp b/src/setHelpers/finalize.hpp
index f98c8069..cd4b1990 100644
--- a/src/setHelpers/finalize.hpp
+++ b/src/setHelpers/finalize.hpp
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Licence:
 
 // initilized and finalize should be placed in onc scope 
 }
-pFlow::output<< "\nFinalizing host/device execution space ...."<<pFlow::endl;
+REPORT(0)<< "\nFinalizing host/device execution space ...."<<END_REPORT;
 Kokkos::finalize();
 
 
diff --git a/src/setHelpers/initialize.hpp b/src/setHelpers/initialize.hpp
index 8ee05c99..2bdd041b 100644
--- a/src/setHelpers/initialize.hpp
+++ b/src/setHelpers/initialize.hpp
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ Licence:
 
 // initilized and finalize should be placed in onc scope 
 REPORT(0)<<"Initializing host/device execution spaces . . . \n";
-REPORT(1)<<"Host execution space is "<< greenText(pFlow::DefaultHostExecutionSpace::name())<<endREPORT;
-REPORT(1)<<"Device execution space is "<<greenText(pFlow::DefaultExecutionSpace::name())<<endREPORT;
+REPORT(1)<<"Host execution space is "<< Green_Text(pFlow::DefaultHostExecutionSpace::name())<<END_REPORT;
+REPORT(1)<<"Device execution space is "<<Green_Text(pFlow::DefaultExecutionSpace::name())<<END_REPORT;
 
 Kokkos::initialize( argc, argv );
 {
diff --git a/src/setHelpers/initialize_Control.hpp b/src/setHelpers/initialize_Control.hpp
index b488a6b7..dfaa5ce7 100644
--- a/src/setHelpers/initialize_Control.hpp
+++ b/src/setHelpers/initialize_Control.hpp
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ Licence:
 // initilized and finalize should be placed in onc scope 
 #include "initialize.hpp"
 
-REPORT(0)<<"\nCreating Control repository . . ."<<endREPORT;
+REPORT(0)<<"\nCreating Control repository . . ."<<END_REPORT;
 pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::systemControl> ControlPtr = nullptr;
 
-if(isCoupling)
+/*if(isCoupling)
 {
 	pFlow::readControlDict controlDict;
 	
@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ if(isCoupling)
 		controlDict.startTime(),
 		controlDict.endTime(),
 		controlDict.saveInterval(),
-		controlDict.startTimeName()
+		controlDict.startTimeNreseame()
 	);	
-}
-else
-{
+}*/
+/*else
+{*/
   	ControlPtr = pFlow::makeUnique<pFlow::systemControl>();
-}
+//}
 
 auto& Control = ControlPtr();
 
diff --git a/src/setHelpers/setProperty.hpp b/src/setHelpers/setProperty.hpp
index 1d09d6aa..978662d4 100644
--- a/src/setHelpers/setProperty.hpp
+++ b/src/setHelpers/setProperty.hpp
@@ -18,12 +18,11 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
 #ifndef __setProperty_hpp__
 #define __setProperty_hpp__
 
-REPORT(0)<<"\nReading proprties . . . "<<endREPORT;
+REPORT(0)<<"\nReading proprties . . . "<<END_REPORT;
 
-auto proprties = pFlow::property(Control.caseSetup().path()+pFlow::propertyFile__);
+auto proprties = pFlow::property(pFlow::propertyFile__, Control.caseSetup().path());
 
-#endif
+#endif // __setProperty_hpp__
diff --git a/src/setHelpers/setSurfaceGeometry.hpp b/src/setHelpers/setSurfaceGeometry.hpp
index db6a0143..67e0f123 100644
--- a/src/setHelpers/setSurfaceGeometry.hpp
+++ b/src/setHelpers/setSurfaceGeometry.hpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Licence:
 #ifndef __setSurfaceGeometry_hpp__
 #define __setSurfaceGeometry_hpp__
 
-REPORT(0)<< "\nCreating surface geometry . . . "<<endREPORT;
+REPORT(0)<< "\nCreating surface geometry . . . "<<END_REPORT;
 auto surfGeometryPtr = pFlow::geometry::create(Control, proprties);
 auto& surfGeometry = surfGeometryPtr();
 
diff --git a/tutorials/grainGranFlow/rotatingDrum/caseSetup/interaction b/tutorials/grainGranFlow/rotatingDrum/caseSetup/interaction
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..8a75854b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/grainGranFlow/rotatingDrum/caseSetup/interaction
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ 
+objectName interaction;
+objectType dicrionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+materials      (prop1);    // a list of materials names
+densities      (2500.0);   // density of materials [kg/m3]
+
+contactListType   sortedContactList; 
+
+model
+{
+   contactForceModel cGRelativeLinearLimited; // cGAbsoluteLinearLimited   or   cGRelativeLinearLimited
+   
+   rollingFrictionModel normal;
+   
+   grainDissipationModel  none; // simplified or KTGF or none 
+
+   Yeff  (1.0e6);       // Young modulus [Pa]
+
+   Geff  (0.8e6);       // Shear modulus [Pa]
+
+   nu    (0.25);        // Poisson's ratio [-]
+
+   en    (0.8);         // coefficient of normal restitution
+
+   et    (1.0);         // coefficient of tangential restitution 
+
+   mu    (0.3);         // dynamic friction 
+
+   mur   (0.1);         // rolling friction 
+   
+   kn    (1050);
+   
+   kt    (800);
+   
+   additionalDissipationModel GB;
+   
+   
+}
+
+contactSearch
+{
+   method         NBS;           // method for broad search particle-particle
+   
+   
+   updateInterval 10;
+   sizeRatio      1.1;
+   cellExtent     0.55;
+   adjustableBox  Yes;
+
+}
diff --git a/tutorials/grainGranFlow/rotatingDrum/caseSetup/particleInsertion b/tutorials/grainGranFlow/rotatingDrum/caseSetup/particleInsertion
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..76835952
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/grainGranFlow/rotatingDrum/caseSetup/particleInsertion
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ 
+objectName particleInsertion;
+objectType dicrionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+active  no;          // is insertion active?
+
+collisionCheck No;   // not implemented for yes
+
+
diff --git a/tutorials/grainGranFlow/rotatingDrum/caseSetup/shapes b/tutorials/grainGranFlow/rotatingDrum/caseSetup/shapes
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..7cddc882
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/grainGranFlow/rotatingDrum/caseSetup/shapes
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ 
+objectName 	grainDict;
+objectType 	grainShape;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+names 		(sphere1); 	// names of shapes 
+grainDiameters	(0.0008);	// diameter of shapes 
+sphereDiameters	(0.0004);	// diameter of shapes 
+materials	(prop1);	// material names for shapes 
diff --git a/tutorials/grainGranFlow/rotatingDrum/runThisCase b/tutorials/grainGranFlow/rotatingDrum/runThisCase
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..695dc761
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/grainGranFlow/rotatingDrum/runThisCase
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd ${0%/*} || exit 1    # Run from this directory
+echo "\n<--------------------------------------------------------------------->"
+echo "1) Creating particles"
+echo "<--------------------------------------------------------------------->\n"
+particlesPhasicFlow
+
+echo "\n<--------------------------------------------------------------------->"
+echo "2) Creating geometry"
+echo "<--------------------------------------------------------------------->\n"
+geometryPhasicFlow
+
+echo "\n<--------------------------------------------------------------------->"
+echo "3) Running the case"
+echo "<--------------------------------------------------------------------->\n"
+grainGranFlow
+
+
+
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tutorials/grainGranFlow/rotatingDrum/settings/domainDict b/tutorials/grainGranFlow/rotatingDrum/settings/domainDict
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0fc93833
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/grainGranFlow/rotatingDrum/settings/domainDict
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */  
+objectName 	domainDict;
+objectType 	dictionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+
+globalBox 
+{
+	min (-0.037 -0.037 -0.001);
+	max (0.037   0.037 0.026);
+}
+
+boundaries
+{
+	timeControl runTime;
+	
+	neighborListUpdateInterval 0.0001;
+
+	neighborLength 0.004;
+
+
+	left
+	{
+		type exit;	
+	}
+
+	right
+	{
+		type exit;
+	}
+
+	bottom
+	{
+		type exit;
+	}
+
+	top
+	{
+		type exit;
+	}
+
+	rear
+	{
+		type exit;
+	}
+
+	front
+	{
+		type exit;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tutorials/grainGranFlow/rotatingDrum/settings/geometryDict b/tutorials/grainGranFlow/rotatingDrum/settings/geometryDict
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cdf3776a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/grainGranFlow/rotatingDrum/settings/geometryDict
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */  
+objectName 	geometryDict;
+objectType 	dictionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+// motion model: rotating object around an axis
+motionModel rotatingAxis; 
+
+surfaces
+{
+	/*
+	    A cylinder with begin and end radii 0.12 m and axis points at (0 0 0) 
+	and (0 0 0.1)
+	*/
+	cylinder
+	{
+		type cylinderWall;  // type of the wall
+		p1 (0.0 0.0 0.0);   // begin point of cylinder axis
+		p2 (0.0 0.0 0.025);   // end point of cylinder axis
+		radius1 0.036;		// radius at p1
+		radius2 0.036;		// radius at p2
+		resolution 24;      // number of divisions
+		material prop1;     // material name of this wall
+		motion rotAxis;		// motion component name 
+	}
+
+	/*
+	This is a plane wall at the rear end of cylinder
+	*/
+	wall1
+	{
+		type planeWall;			// type of the wall
+		p1 (-0.036 -0.036 0.0);	// first point of the wall
+		p2 ( 0.036 -0.036 0.0);   // second point
+		p3 ( 0.036  0.036 0.0);   // third point
+		p4 (-0.036  0.036 0.0);   // fourth point 
+		material prop1;         // material name of the wall  
+		motion rotAxis;			// motion component name 
+	}
+
+	/*
+	This is a plane wall at the front end of cylinder
+	*/
+	wall2
+	{
+		type planeWall;
+		p1 (-0.036 -0.036 0.025);	// first point of the wall
+		p2 ( 0.036 -0.036 0.025);   // second point
+		p3 ( 0.036  0.036 0.025);   // third point
+		p4 (-0.036  0.036 0.025); 
+		material prop1;
+		motion rotAxis;
+	}
+		
+	
+}
+
+// information for rotatingAxisMotion motion model 
+rotatingAxisInfo
+{
+	rotAxis 
+	{
+		p1 (0.0 0.0 0.0);	// first point for the axis of rotation 
+		p2 (0.0 0.0 1.0);	// second point for the axis of rotation
+		omega 0.8; 		// rotation speed (rad/s)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tutorials/grainGranFlow/rotatingDrum/settings/particlesDict b/tutorials/grainGranFlow/rotatingDrum/settings/particlesDict
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2dcb6684
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/grainGranFlow/rotatingDrum/settings/particlesDict
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */  
+objectName 	particlesDict;
+objectType 	dictionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+setFields
+{
+	/*
+	    Default value for fields defined for particles
+	These fields should always be defined for simulations with 
+	spherical particles.
+	*/
+
+	defaultValue 
+	{
+		velocity 		realx3 	(0 0 0); // linear velocity (m/s)
+		acceleration 	realx3 	(0 0 0); // linear acceleration (m/s2)
+		rVelocity 		realx3 	(0 0 0); // rotational velocity (rad/s)
+		shapeName 		word	sphere1; // name of the particle shape 
+	}
+
+	selectors
+	{}
+}
+
+// positions particles 
+positionParticles
+{
+	method ordered;     		// ordered positioning
+
+	maxNumberOfParticles 	200000; // maximum number of particles in the simulation
+	mortonSorting 			Yes;    // perform initial sorting based on morton code?   
+	regionType box;
+	
+	boxInfo  // box for positioning particles 
+	{
+		min (-0.025 -0.025 0.001);    // lower corner point of the box 
+		max ( 0.025  0.025 0.024);	// upper corner point of the box 
+	}
+	
+	orderedInfo
+	{
+		// minimum space between centers of particles
+		diameter 0.001;
+		
+		// number of particles in the simulation 	 	
+		numPoints 50000;
+	
+		// axis order for filling the space with particles		 	
+		axisOrder (x y z);  
+	}
+	
+
+
+}
diff --git a/tutorials/grainGranFlow/rotatingDrum/settings/settingsDict b/tutorials/grainGranFlow/rotatingDrum/settings/settingsDict
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fe55c8cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/grainGranFlow/rotatingDrum/settings/settingsDict
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */  
+objectName 	settingsDict;
+objectType 	dictionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+run 			rotatingDrumMedium;
+
+dt 				0.000005; 	// time step for integration (s)
+
+startTime 		0.0; 			// start time for simulation 
+
+endTime 		3.0; 		// end time for simulation 
+
+saveInterval 	0.05; 		// time interval for saving the simulation
+
+timePrecision   6;			// maximum number of digits for time folder 
+
+g 				(0 -9.8 0); // gravity vector (m/s2) 
+
+/*
+	Simulation domain 
+	every particles that goes outside this domain is deleted.
+*/
+
+includeObjects (diameter);
+
+integrationMethod 		AdamsBashforth2; 	// integration method 
+
+writeFormat				ascii;
+
+timersReport 			Yes;  	// report timers?
+
+timersReportInterval   	0.01;	// time interval for reporting timers
diff --git a/tutorials/postprocessPhasicFlow/segregation/settings/particlesDict b/tutorials/postprocessPhasicFlow/segregation/settings/particlesDict
index e32d8182..10a81e34 100644
--- a/tutorials/postprocessPhasicFlow/segregation/settings/particlesDict
+++ b/tutorials/postprocessPhasicFlow/segregation/settings/particlesDict
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ setFields
 	{
 		velocity 		realx3 	(0 0 0); // linear velocity (m/s)
 		acceleration 	realx3 	(0 0 0); // linear acceleration (m/s2)
-		rotVelocity 	realx3 	(0 0 0); // rotational velocity (rad/s)
+		r	Velocity 	realx3 	(0 0 0); // rotational velocity (rad/s)
 		shapeName 		word	smallSphere; // name of the particle shape 
 	}
 
@@ -53,8 +53,7 @@ setFields
 			selectRandomInfo
 			{
 				begin 	0;			// begin index of points
-				end 	30000;		// end index of points 
-				number  29999;			// stride for selector 
+				end 	29999;		// end index of points 
 			}
 			fieldValue  // fields that the selector is applied to 
 			{
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/ReadMe.md b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/ReadMe.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eb7fbbbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/ReadMe.md
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+# Problem Definition
+The problem is to simulate a Rotary Air-Lock Valve. The external diameter of rotor is about 21 cm. There is one type of particle in this simulation. Particles are inserted into the inlet of the valve from t=**0** s.
+* **28000** particles with **5 mm** diameter are inserted into the valve with the rate of **4000 particles/s**. 
+* The rotor starts its ortation at t = 1.25 s at the rate of 2.1 rad/s. 
+
+
+<html>
+<body>
+<div align="center"><b>
+	a view of the Rotary Air-Lock Valve while rotating 
+</div></b>
+<div align="center">
+<img src="https://github.com/PhasicFlow/phasicFlow/blob/media/media/rotaryAirLock.gif", width=700px>
+</div>
+<div align="center"><i>
+	particles are colored according to time of insertion
+</div></i>
+</body>
+</html>
+
+# Setting up the Case
+As it has been explained in the previous simulations, the simulation case setup is based on text-based scripts. Here, the simulation case setup files are stored into three folders: `caseSetup`, `setting`, and `stl`  (see the above folders). See next the section for more information on how we can setup the geometry and its rotation.
+  
+## Geometry 
+
+### Defining rotation axis
+In file `settings/geometryDict` the information of rotating axis of rotor and its speed of rotation are defined. The rotation starts at t = **1.25 s** and ends at t = **7 s**.
+
+```C++
+// information for rotatingAxisMotion motion model 
+rotatingAxisMotionInfo
+{
+	rotAxis 
+	{
+
+		// first point for the axis of rotation
+		p1 (0.561547 0.372714 0.000);
+
+		// second point for the axis of rotation
+		p2 (0.561547 0.372714 0.010);
+
+		// rotation speed (rad/s)
+		omega 2.1;
+
+		// Start time of Geometry Rotating (s)
+		startTime 1.25;
+		
+		// End time of Geometry Rotating (s)
+		endTime 7;
+	}
+}
+```
+### Surfaces 
+In `settings/geometryDict` file, the surfaces component are defined to form a Rotating Air-Lock Valve. All surface components are supplied in stl file format. All stl files should be stored under 'stl' folder. 
+
+```C++
+surfaces
+{
+	gear
+	{
+		// type of the wall
+		type 	 stlWall;
+
+		// file name in stl folder
+		file 	 gear.stl;
+
+		// material name of this wall
+		material wallMat;
+
+		// motion component name 
+		motion 	 rotAxis;
+	}
+	surfaces
+	{
+		// type of the wall
+		type 	 stlWall;
+
+		// file name in stl folder
+		file 	 surfaces.stl;
+
+		// material name of this wall
+		material wallMat;
+
+		// motion component name 
+		motion 	 none;
+}
+```
+## Defining particles 
+### Diameter and material of spheres 
+In the `caseSetup/sphereShape` the diameter and the material name of the particles are defined.
+
+<div align="center"> 
+in <b>caseSetup/sphereShape</b> file
+</div>
+
+```C++
+// names of shapes
+names 		(sphere);
+
+// diameter of shapes 
+diameters 	(0.005);
+
+// material names for shapes 
+materials	(sphereMat);
+```
+### Insertion of Particles 
+Insertion of particles starts from t = 0 s and ends at t = 7 s. A box is defined for the port from which particles are being inderted. The rate of insertion is 4000 particles per second. 
+
+<div align="center"> 
+in <b>settings/particleInsertion</b> file
+</div>
+
+```C++
+topRegion
+{
+
+	// type of insertion region
+	type  boxRegion;
+
+	// insertion rate (particles/s)
+	rate 	  4000;
+
+	// Start time of Particles insertion (s)
+	startTime 	  0;
+
+	// End time of Particles insertion (s)	
+	endTime   	  7;
+
+	// Time interval between each insertion (s)
+	interval       0.025;
+
+	// Coordinates of BoxRegion (m,m,m)
+	boxRegionInfo 
+	{
+		min ( 0.48 0.58 0.01 ); // (m,m,m)
+		max ( 0.64 0.59 0.05 ); // (m,m,m)
+	}
+
+	setFields
+	{
+		// initial velocity of inserted particles
+		velocity    realx3 (0.0 -0.6 0.0);  
+	}
+
+	mixture
+	{
+		sphere 1;  
+	}
+}
+```
+
+## Interaction between particles
+ In `caseSetup/interaction` file, material names and properties and interaction parameters are defined. Since we are defining 1 material type in the simulation, the interaction matrix is 2x2 (interactions are symmetric).
+ ```C++
+ // a list of materials names
+materials   (sphereMat  wallMat);
+
+// density of materials [kg/m3]
+densities   (1000    2500);
+
+contactListType   sortedContactList;
+
+model
+{
+    contactForceModel nonLinearNonLimited;
+
+    rollingFrictionModel normal;
+   
+    /*
+    Property (sphereMat-sphereMat  sphereMat-wallMat
+                                  wallMat-wallMat);
+    */
+   
+    // Young modulus [Pa]
+    Yeff  (1.0e6 1.0e6
+                 1.0e6);
+
+    // Shear modulus [Pa]
+    Geff  (0.8e6 0.8e6
+                 0.8e6);
+
+    // Poisson's ratio [-]
+    nu    (0.25 0.25
+                0.25);
+
+    // coefficient of normal restitution
+    en    (0.7  0.8
+                1.0);
+
+    // coefficient of tangential restitution
+   et    (1.0   1.0
+                1.0);
+
+    // dynamic friction
+    mu    (0.3  0.35
+                0.35);
+
+    // rolling friction
+    mur   (0.1  0.1
+                0.1);     
+}
+```
+# Performing simulation and seeing the results 
+To perform simulations, enter the following commands one after another in the terminal. 
+
+Enter `$ particlesPhasicFlow` command to create the initial fields for particles (here the simulaiton has no particle at the beginning).  
+Enter `$ geometryPhasicFlow` command to create the geometry.  
+At last, enter `$ sphereGranFlow` command to start the simulation.  
+After finishing the simulation, you can use  `$ pFlowtoVTK` to convert the results into vtk format stored in ./VTK folder.
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/caseSetup/interaction b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/caseSetup/interaction
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..da09e5e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/caseSetup/interaction
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ 
+objectName interaction;
+objectType dicrionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+materials      (sphereMat  wallMat);             // a list of materials names
+
+densities            (1000    2500);             // density of materials [kg/m3]
+
+contactListType   sortedContactList;
+
+contactSearch
+{
+    method         NBS;                          // method for broad search 
+    
+   updateInterval   10;
+
+   sizeRatio       1.1;
+
+   cellExtent     0.55;
+
+   adjustableBox   Yes;     
+}
+
+model
+{
+    contactForceModel nonLinearNonLimited;
+
+    rollingFrictionModel           normal;
+   
+    /*
+        Property (sphereMat-sphereMat  sphereMat-wallMat
+                                       
+                                       wallMat-wallMat);
+    */
+   
+    Yeff  (1.0e6 1.0e6                           // Young modulus [Pa]
+                 1.0e6);
+
+    Geff  (0.8e6 0.8e6                           // Shear modulus [Pa]
+                 0.8e6);
+
+    nu    (0.25   0.25                           // Poisson's ratio [-]
+                  0.25);
+
+    en    (0.7     0.8                           // coefficient of normal restitution
+                   1.0);
+
+    et    (1.0     1.0                           // coefficient of tangential restitution
+                   1.0);
+
+    mu    (0.3    0.35                           // dynamic friction
+                  0.35);
+
+    mur   (0.1     0.1                           // rolling friction
+                   0.1);     
+}
+
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/caseSetup/particleInsertion b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/caseSetup/particleInsertion
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e3b74af1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/caseSetup/particleInsertion
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+objectName particleInsertion;
+objectType dicrionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+active        yes;                                         // is insertion active -> yes or no
+
+checkForCollision No;                                      // is checked          -> yes or no
+
+/*
+	one region is considered for inserting particles. 
+*/
+
+topRegion
+{
+	regionType               box;                          // type of insertion region
+
+	timeControl   simulationTime;
+	
+	rate 	                4000;                          // insertion rate (particles/s)
+	
+    startTime 	               0;                          // Start time of Particles insertion (s)
+	
+    endTime   	               7;                          // End time of Particles insertion (s)	
+	                                             
+    insertionInterval      0.025;                          // Time Interval between each insertion (s)
+	                                  
+	boxInfo                                                // Coordinates of BoxRegion (m,m,m)
+	{
+		min   ( 0.48 0.58 0.01 );                          // (m,m,m)
+
+		max   ( 0.64 0.59 0.05 );                          // (m,m,m)
+	}
+
+	setFields
+	{
+		velocity    realx3 (0.0 -0.6 0.0);                 // initial velocity of inserted particles
+	}
+
+	mixture
+	{
+		sphere 1;  
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/caseSetup/shapes b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/caseSetup/shapes
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a5e990d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/caseSetup/shapes
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ 
+objectName particleInsertion;
+objectType dicrionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+names 		   (sphere);                         // names of shapes
+
+diameters 	    (0.005);                         // diameter of shapes 
+
+materials	(sphereMat);                         // material names for shapes 
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/caseSetup/sphereShape b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/caseSetup/sphereShape
similarity index 71%
rename from tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/caseSetup/sphereShape
rename to tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/caseSetup/sphereShape
index 71a9880d..354d36d8 100644
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/caseSetup/sphereShape
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/caseSetup/sphereShape
@@ -2,16 +2,18 @@
 |  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
 |  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
 \* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ 
-objectName 	sphereDict;
-objectType 	sphereShape;
+objectName particleInsertion;
+objectType dicrionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+objectName 	sphereDict;
+objectType 	sphereShape;
 
-// names of particles
-names 		(smallSphere largeSphere);
+// names of shapes
+names 		(sphere);
 
-// diameter of particles
-diameters 	(0.01 0.0101);
+// diameter of shapes 
+diameters 	(0.005);
 
-// material names for particles
-materials	(lightMat lightMat); 
+// material names for shapes 
+materials	(sphereMat);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/settings/domainDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/settings/domainDict
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..f494d822
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/settings/domainDict
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */  
+objectName 	domainDict;
+objectType 	dictionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+globalBox                                        // Simulation domain: every particles that goes outside this domain will be deleted
+{
+	min (0.397538  0.178212 0.00);
+	
+	max (0.725537  0.600214 0.06);
+}
+
+decomposition
+{
+	direction z;
+}
+
+boundaries
+{
+	
+
+	neighborListUpdateInterval     50;           /* Determines how often (how many iterations) do you want to 
+
+	                                                rebuild the list of particles in the neighbor list 
+
+	                                                of all boundaries in the simulation domain        */
+
+	updateInterval                 10;           // Determines how often do you want to update the new changes in the boundary
+
+	neighborLength              0.004;           // The distance from the boundary plane within which particles are marked to be in the boundary list
+
+	left
+	{
+		type     exit;	                         // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	right
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	bottom
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	top
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	rear
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	front
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/settings/geometryDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/settings/geometryDict
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8d1a515e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/settings/geometryDict
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */  
+objectName 	geometryDict;
+objectType 	dictionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+motionModel rotatingAxis;                         // motion model: rotating object around an axis
+
+rotatingAxisInfo                                  // information for rotatingAxisMotion motion model 
+{
+	rotAxis 
+	{
+		p1 (0.561547 0.372714 0.000);            // first point for the axis of rotation
+		
+		p2 (0.561547 0.372714 0.010);            // second point for the axis of rotation
+
+		omega                    2.1;            // rotation speed (rad/s)
+
+		startTime               1.25;            // Start time of Geometry Rotating (s)
+		
+		endTime                    7;            // End time of Geometry Rotating (s)
+	}
+}
+
+surfaces
+{
+	gear
+	{
+		type 	  stlWall;                       // type of the wall
+
+		file 	 gear.stl;                       // file name in stl folder
+
+		material  wallMat;                       // material name of this wall
+
+		motion 	  rotAxis;                       // motion component name 
+	}
+
+    surfaces
+	{
+		type 	      stlWall;                   // type of the wall
+
+		file 	 surfaces.stl;                   // file name in stl folder
+
+		material      wallMat;                   // material name of this wall
+
+		motion 	         none;                   // motion component name
+	} 
+}
+
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/settings/particlesDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/settings/particlesDict
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9d35b6f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/settings/particlesDict
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */  
+objectName 	particlesDict;
+objectType 	dictionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+setFields
+{
+	/*
+	    Default value for fields defined for particles:
+
+		These fields should always be defined for simulations with spherical particles
+	*/
+
+	defaultValue 
+	{
+		velocity 		     realx3 (0 0 0);     // linear velocity (m/s)
+
+		acceleration 	     realx3 (0 0 0); 	 // linear acceleration (m/s2)
+
+		rVelocity 		     realx3 (0 0 0); 	 // rotational velocity (rad/s)
+
+		shapeName 		word         sphere; 	 // name of the particle shape 
+	}
+
+	selectors
+	{
+		shapeAssigne
+		{
+			selector 	stridedRange; 	         // other options: box, cylinder, sphere, randomPoints 
+ 
+			stridedRangeInfo
+			{
+				begin 	    0;			         // begin index of points
+
+				end 	50000;		 			 // end index of points 
+
+				stride      3;			 		 // stride for selector 
+			}
+
+			fieldValue  					     // fields that the selector is applied to 
+			{
+				shapeName 	word    sphere;      // sets shapeName of the selected points to largeSphere
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+positionParticles 				                 // positions particles 
+{
+	method ordered;                              // other options: random and empty
+
+	orderedInfo
+	{		
+		diameter  0.005; 	                     // diameter of particles
+
+		numPoints 50000; 	                     // number of particles in the simulation
+
+		axisOrder (z x y);                       // axis order for filling the space with particles
+	}
+	
+	regionType cylinder;                         // other options: box and sphere  
+
+	cylinderInfo  				                 // cylinder information for positioning particles 
+	{
+		p1 (0.0 0.0 0.003); 	                 // begin point of cylinder axis
+
+		p2 (0.0 0.0 0.22);		                 // end point of cylinder axis
+
+		radius 		0.117;		                 // radius of cylinder 
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/settings/settingsDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/settings/settingsDict
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d14f56b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/settings/settingsDict
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */  
+objectName 	geometryDict;
+objectType 	dictionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+run		rotatingValve;
+
+dt			  0.00001;                           // time step for integration (s)
+
+startTime		    0;                           // start time for simulation
+
+endTime			    7;                           // end time for simulation
+
+saveInterval	 0.05;                           // time interval for saving the simulation
+
+timePrecision	    6;                           // maximum number of digits for time folder
+
+g		   (0 -9.8 0);                           // gravity vector (m/s2) 
+
+/*
+	Simulation domain every particles that goes outside this domain is deleted
+*/
+
+includeObjects (diameter);                       // save necessary (i.e., required) data on disk
+
+// exclude unnecessary data from saving on disk
+excludeObjects (rVelocity.dy1 pStructPosition.dy1 pStructVelocity.dy1); 
+
+integrationMethod	    AdamsBashforth2;         // integration method 
+
+writeFormat 			          ascii;         // data writting format (ascii or binary)
+
+timersReport		                Yes;         // report timers: Yes or No
+
+timersReportInterval		       0.01;	     // time interval for reporting timers             
+
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/stl/gear.stl b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/stl/gear.stl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8ac577d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/stl/gear.stl
@@ -0,0 +1,2018 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/stl/surfaces.stl b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotaryAirLockValve/stl/surfaces.stl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..14ece9c8
--- /dev/null
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diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/caseSetup/interaction b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/caseSetup/interaction
index fc7dc5a1..b42c5147 100644
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/caseSetup/interaction
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/caseSetup/interaction
@@ -6,73 +6,62 @@ objectName interaction;
 objectType dicrionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+materials   (lightMat heavyMat wallMat);         // a list of materials names
 
-// a list of materials names
-materials   (lightMat heavyMat wallMat); 
-// density of materials [kg/m3]
-densities   (1000 1500 2500);     
+densities              (1000 1500 2500);         // density of materials [kg/m3]  
 
-contactListType   sortedContactList;
+contactListType       sortedContactList;
+
+contactSearch
+{
+    method         NBS;                          // method for broad search 
+    
+   updateInterval   10;
+
+   sizeRatio       1.1;
+
+   cellExtent     0.55;
+
+   adjustableBox   Yes;     
+}
 
 model
 {
-   contactForceModel nonLinearLimited;
-   rollingFrictionModel normal;
+   contactForceModel  nonLinearLimited;
+
+   rollingFrictionModel         normal;
 
    /*
-   Property (lightMat-lightMat   lightMat-heavyMat    lightMat-wallMat
-                                 heavyMat-heavyMat    heavyMat-wallMat
-                                                      wallMat-wallMat );
+      Property (lightMat-lightMat   lightMat-heavyMat    lightMat-wallMat
+                                    heavyMat-heavyMat    heavyMat-wallMat
+                                                         wallMat-wallMat);
    */
-// Young modulus [Pa]
+
    Yeff (1.0e6 1.0e6 1.0e6  
                1.0e6 1.0e6
-                     1.0e6);
-// Shear modulus [Pa]   
+                     1.0e6);                     // Young modulus [Pa]
+
    Geff (0.8e6 0.8e6 0.8e6  
                0.8e6 0.8e6
-                     0.8e6);
-// Poisson's ratio [-]
-   nu    (0.25 0.25  0.25  
-               0.25  0.25
-                     0.25);
-// coefficient of normal restitution
-   en (0.97  0.97    0.85   
-             0.97    0.85
-                     1.00);
-// coefficient of tangential restitution
-   et (1.0   1.0  1.0    
-             1.0  1.0
-                  1.0);
-// dynamic friction 
-   mu (0.65   0.65 0.35   
-              0.65 0.35
-                   0.35);
-// rolling friction 
-   mur (0.1  0.1 0.1    
-             0.1 0.1
-                 0.1);      
-}
-contactSearch
-{
-// method for broad search particle-particle
-   method         NBS;
-// method for broad search particle-wall              
-   wallMapping    cellMapping;    
+                     0.8e6);                     // Shear modulus [Pa]   
 
-   NBSInfo
-   {
-    // each 20 timesteps, update neighbor list
-      updateFrequency 10;
-   // bounding box size to particle diameter (max)           
-      sizeRatio      1.1;        
-   }
+   nu      (0.25 0.25 0.25  
+                 0.25 0.25
+                      0.25);                     // Poisson's ratio [-]
 
-   cellMappingInfo
-   {
-   // each 20 timesteps, update neighbor list  
-      updateFrequency 10; 
-   // bounding box for particle-wall search (> 0.5)         
-      cellExtent     0.6;        
-   }
+   en (0.97   0.97    0.85   
+              0.97    0.85
+                      1.00);                     // coefficient of normal restitution
+
+   et         (1.0 1.0 1.0    
+                   1.0 1.0
+                       1.0);                     // coefficient of tangential restitution
+ 
+   mu      (0.65 0.65 0.35   
+                 0.65 0.35
+                      0.35);                     // dynamic friction
+
+   mur        (0.1 0.1 0.1    
+                   0.1 0.1
+                       0.1);                     // rolling friction     
 }
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/caseSetup/particleInsertion b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/caseSetup/particleInsertion
index 86ecbdd9..e839f1ac 100644
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/caseSetup/particleInsertion
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/caseSetup/particleInsertion
@@ -6,82 +6,81 @@ objectName particleInsertion;
 objectType dicrionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+active           Yes;                            // is insertion active -> Yes or No
 
-// is insertion active?
-active  yes;          
-// not implemented for yes
-collisionCheck No;
+checkForCollision No;                            // is checked          -> Yes or No
 
 /*
-Two layers of particles are packed one-by-one using 1 insertion steps. 
+      Two layers of particles are packed one-by-one using 1 insertion steps 
 */
 
-// Right Layer Region
-   layerrightregion 
-{
-// type of insertion region
-   type	          cylinderRegion;
-// insertion rate (particles/s)    
-   rate 	  12500;
-// Start time of LightParticles insertion (s)
-   startTime 	  0; 
-// End time of LightParticles insertion (s)      
-   endTime   	  1;
-// Time Interval of LightParticles insertion (s)
-   interval       0.025; 
 
-   cylinderRegionInfo 
+layerrightregion                                 // Right Layer Region
+{
+   timeControl     simulationTime;
+
+   regionType	    cylinder;               // type of insertion region
+ 
+   rate 	                   12500;               // Right Region Particles Insertion Rate (particles/s)
+
+   startTime 	                 0;               // Start time of LightParticles insertion (s)
+    
+   endTime   	                 1;               // End time of LightParticles insertion (s) 
+
+   insertionInterval        0.025;               // Time Interval of LightParticles insertion (s)
+
+   cylinderInfo 
    {
-// Coordinates of cylinderRegion (m,m,m)
-   	p2 (-0.15 0.25 0.05);
-   	p1 (-0.15 0.24	0.05);
-// radius of cylinder (m)
-   	radius 0.035;
+
+   	p2 (-0.15 0.25 0.05);                      // 
+
+   	p1 (-0.15 0.24	0.05);                      // Bottom of cylinderRegion (m,m,m)
+
+   	radius         0.035;                      // radius of cylinder (m)
    }
    
    setFields
    {
-// initial velocity of inserted particles
-     velocity    realx3 (0.0 -0.6 0.0);  
+      velocity   realx3 (0.0 -0.6 0.0);          // initial velocity of inserted particles
    }
    
    mixture
    {
-// mixture composition of inserted particles
-      smallSphere 1;    
+      smallSphere 1;                             // mixture composition of inserted particles
    }
 }
-// Left Layer Region
-   layerleftregion
-{
-   type         cylinderRegion;
-//Left Region Particles Insertion Rate (particles/s)
-   rate         7500;
-// Start time of LightParticles insertion (s)
-   startTime    0;
-// End time of LightParticles insertion (s)  
-   endTime      1;
-// Time Interval of LightParticles insertion (s)
-   interval     0.025;
 
-   cylinderRegionInfo 
+layerleftregion                                  // Left Layer Region
+{
+   timeControl     simulationTime;
+
+   regionType      cylinder;               // type of insertion region
+
+   rate                      7500;               // Left Region Particles Insertion Rate (particles/s)
+
+   startTime                    0;               // Start time of LightParticles insertion (s)
+  
+   endTime                      1;               // End time of LightParticles insertion (s)
+
+   insertionInterval        0.025;               // Time Interval of LightParticles insertion (s)
+
+   cylinderInfo 
    {
-// Coordinates of cylinderRegion (m,m,m)
-      p2 (-0.23	 0.25	0.05); 
-      p1 (-0.23	 0.24	0.05);
-// radius of cylinder (m)      
-      radius 0.035;
+      p2 (-0.23 0.25	0.05);                      // Top of cylinderRegion (m,m,m)
+
+      p1 (-0.23 0.24	0.05);                      // Bottom of cylinderRegion (m,m,m)
+   
+      radius         0.035;                      // radius of cylinder (m)   
    }
    
    setFields
    {
-     velocity    realx3 (0.0 -0.6 0.0);
+     velocity    realx3 (0.0 -0.6 0.0);          // initial velocity of inserted particles
    }
    
    mixture
    {
-      largeSphere 1; // only heavySphere
-      
+      largeSphere 1;                             // only heavySphere
    }
 }
 
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/caseSetup/shapes b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/caseSetup/shapes
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ab894074
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/caseSetup/shapes
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ 
+objectName 	sphereDict;
+objectType 	sphereShape;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+names 		(smallSphere largeSphere);           // names of shapes 
+	
+diameters 	            (0.004 0.005);           // diameter of shapes (m) 
+			
+materials	      (lightMat heavyMat);           // material names for shapes 		
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/cleanThisCase b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/cleanThisCase
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/runThisCase b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/runThisCase
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/settings/domainDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/settings/domainDict
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..1dbe91fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/settings/domainDict
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */  
+objectName 	domainDict;
+objectType 	dictionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+globalBox                                        // Simulation domain: every particles that goes outside this domain will be deleted
+{
+		min (-0.328 0.095 -0.025);               // lower corner point of the box 
+
+	    max (-0.068  0.355 0.125);               // upper corner point of the box 
+}
+
+decomposition
+{
+	direction z;
+}
+
+boundaries
+{
+	
+
+	neighborListUpdateInterval     50;           /* Determines how often (how many iterations) do you want to 
+
+	                                                rebuild the list of particles in the neighbor list 
+
+	                                                of all boundaries in the simulation domain        */
+
+	updateInterval                 10;           // Determines how often do you want to update the new changes in the boundary
+
+	neighborLength              0.004;           // The distance from the boundary plane within which particles are marked to be in the boundary list
+
+	left
+	{
+		type     exit;	                         // other options: periodic, reflective 
+	}
+
+	right
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	bottom
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	top
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	rear
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	front
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/settings/geometryDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/settings/geometryDict
index 5485c307..cec4324a 100644
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/settings/geometryDict
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/settings/geometryDict
@@ -6,74 +6,77 @@ objectName 	geometryDict;
 objectType 	dictionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+motionModel rotatingAxis;                        
 
-// motion model: all surfaces are fixed
-motionModel rotatingAxisMotion; 
+rotatingAxisInfo
+{
+	rotAxis 
+	{
+		p1   (-0.1974  0.2269  0);               // first point for the axis of rotation
+			 
+		p2 (-0.1974  0.2269  0.1);               // second point for the axis of rotation
+		
+		omega             2.38733;               // rotation speed (rad/s) => 15 rpm	
+				
+		startTime               2;               // Start time of Geometry Rotating 
+		
+		endTime               9.5;               // End time of Geometry Rotating
+	}
+}
 
 surfaces
 {
 	body
 	{
-		// type of the wall
-		type 	 stlWall;
-		// file name in stl folder  	
-		file 	 Body.stl;
-		// material name of this wall		
-		material wallMat;
-		// motion component name   
-		motion 	 rotAxis;		 
+		type 	  stlWall;                       // type of the wall
+			
+		file 	 Body.stl;                       // file name in stl folder  
+			
+		material  wallMat;                       // material name of this wall	
+		 
+		motion 	  rotAxis;	                     // motion component name  	 
 	}
-	/*	This is a Cylinder Wall at the rear of cylinder	*/
+
+	/*	
+		This is a Cylinder Wall at the rear of cylinder
+	*/
+
 	rearEnd
 	{
-		// type of the wall
-		type cylinderWall;
-		// first point for the axis of rotation			
-		p1 (-0.1974  0.2269  -0.001);
-		// second point for the axis of rotation	 
-		p2 (-0.1974  0.2269   0.0);
-		// Radius of p1	
-		radius1 0.0001;
-		// Radius of p2
-		radius2 0.12;
-		// material name of the wall
-		material wallMat;
-		// motion component name          
-		motion rotAxis;			 
+		type            cylinderWall;            // type of the wall
+				
+		p1 (-0.1974 0.2269 -0.001);              // first point for the axis of rotation	
+		 
+		p2    (-0.1974 0.2269 0.0);              // second point for the axis of rotation	
+		
+		radius1 0.0001;                          // Radius of p1	
+		
+		radius2 0.12;                            // Radius of p2
+		
+		material wallMat;                        // material name of the wall
+		         
+		motion rotAxis;	                         // motion component name 		 
 	}
-	/*	This a cylinder Wall at the front of Cylinder */
+
+	/*	
+		This a cylinder Wall at the front of Cylinder 
+	*/
+
 	frontEnd
 	{
-		// type of the wall
-		type cylinderWall;
-		// first point for the axis of rotation			
-		p1 (-0.1974  0.2269   0.0989);
-		// second point for the axis of rotation	 
-		p2 (-0.1974  0.2269   0.0990);	
-		// Radius of p1
-		radius1 0.0001;
-		// Radius of p2
-		radius2 0.12;
-		// material name of the wall
-		material wallMat; 
-		// motion component name          
-		motion rotAxis;			 
-	}
-}
-	// information for rotatingAxisMotion motion model 
-rotatingAxisMotionInfo
-{
-	rotAxis 
-	{
-		// first point for the axis of rotation
-		p1 (-0.1974  0.2269  0);
-		// second point for the axis of rotation	 
-		p2 (-0.1974  0.2269  0.1);
-		// rotation speed (rad/s) => 15 rpm	
-		omega 2.38733;
-		// Start time of Geometry Rotating 		
-		startTime 2;
-		// End time of Geometry Rotating
-		endTime 9.5;
+		type          cylinderWall;              // type of the wall
+				
+		p1 (-0.1974 0.2269 0.0989);              // first point for the axis of rotation	
+			 
+		p2 (-0.1974 0.2269 0.0990);	             // second point for the axis of rotation
+	
+		radius1             0.0001;	             // Radius of p1
+		
+		radius2               0.12;              // Radius of p2
+		
+		material           wallMat;              // material name of the wall
+		      
+		motion             rotAxis;	             // motion component name    		 
 	}
 }
+
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/settings/particlesDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/settings/particlesDict
index 6e03ca5d..21113b1b 100644
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/settings/particlesDict
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/settings/particlesDict
@@ -6,33 +6,95 @@ objectName 	particlesDict;
 objectType 	dictionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
 setFields
 {
+	/*
+	    Default value for fields defined for particles
+
+		These fields should always be defined for simulations with 
+
+		spherical particles.
+	*/
+
 	defaultValue 
 	{
-		// linear velocity (m/s)
-		velocity 	realx3 	(0 0 0);
-		// linear acceleration (m/s2) 		
-		acceleration 	realx3 	(0 0 0);
-		// rotational velocity (rad/s) 		
-		rotVelocity 	realx3 	(0 0 0);
-		// name of the particle shape   		
-		shapeName 		word	smallSphere; 	
+		velocity 	      realx3 	(0 0 0);     // linear velocity (m/s)
+			
+		acceleration 	  realx3 	(0 0 0);	 // linear acceleration (m/s2) 
+			
+		rVelocity 		  realx3 	(0 0 0);     // rotational velocity (rad/s) 	
+		 		
+		shapeName 		word	smallSphere; 	 // name of the particle shape  
 	}
 
 	selectors
-	{}
+	{
+		shapeAssigne
+		{
+			selector 	stridedRange; 	         // other options: box, cylinder, sphere, randomPoints 
+ 
+			stridedRangeInfo
+			{
+				begin 	    0;			         // begin index of points
+
+				end 	20000;		 			 // end index of points 
+
+				stride      3;			 		 // stride for selector 
+			}
+
+			fieldValue  					     // fields that the selector is applied to 
+			{
+				shapeName 	word    sphere1;     // sets shapeName of the selected points to largeSphere
+			}
+		}
+	}
 }
 
-// positions particles 
-positionParticles
+positionParticles                                // positions particles 
 {
-	// creates the required spaces with zero particles (empty).
-	method empty;     		 
-	// maximum number of particles in the simulation
-	maxNumberOfParticles 	20050; 
-	// perform initial sorting based on morton code?
-	mortonSorting 	       	  Yes;       
+	method ordered;     		                 // other options: random and empty
 
+	mortonSorting 			   Yes;              // perform initial sorting based on morton code?   
+
+	orderedInfo
+	{
+		diameter  0.005; 						 // minimum space between centers of particles
+
+		numPoints 20000; 	                     // number of particles in the simulation 
+
+		axisOrder (z y x);                       // axis order for filling the space with particles
+	}
+
+	regionType box;                              // other options: cylinder and sphere  
+
+	boxInfo  				                     // box information for positioning particles 
+	{
+		min (-0.08 -0.08 0.015);                 // lower corner point of the box 
+
+		max ( 0.08  0.08 0.2);	                 // upper corner point of the box 
+	}
 }
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/settings/settingsDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/settings/settingsDict
index 2fffee5b..f3b480f0 100644
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/settings/settingsDict
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/RotatingDrumWithBaffles/settings/settingsDict
@@ -6,43 +6,29 @@ objectName 	settingsDict;
 objectType 	dictionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+run 	RotatingDrumwithBaffles;
 
-run 			RotatingDrumwithBaffles;
+dt 			            0.00001;                 // time step for integration (s)
 
-// time step for integration (s)
-dt 			 0.00001;
+startTime 	   	              0;                 // start time for simulation 
 
-// start time for simulation 	
-startTime 	   	   0;
+endTime 		             10;	 	         // end time for simulation 	
 
-// end time for simulation 
-endTime 		  10;	 		
+saveInterval 	           0.05; 		         // time interval for saving the simulation
 
-// time interval for saving the simulation
-saveInterval 	0.05; 		
+timePrecision                 6;		         // maximum number of digits for time folder 	
 
-// maximum number of digits for time folder 
-timePrecision      6;			
+g 		  (0 -9.8 0);                            // gravity vector (m/s2) 
 
-// gravity vector (m/s2) 
-g 		  (0 -9.8 0); 
+includeObjects (diameter);                       // save necessary (i.e., required) data on disk
 
-/*Simulation domain*/ 
-/* Every particles that goes outside this domain is deleted.*/
-domain 
-{
-	min (-0.328 0.095 -0.025);
-	max (-0.068  0.355 0.125);
-}
+// exclude unnecessary data from saving on disk
+excludeObjects (rVelocity.dy1 pStructPosition.dy1 pStructVelocity.dy1); 
 
-// integration method 
-integrationMethod 		AdamsBashforth3;
+integrationMethod 		AdamsBashforth2;         // integration method 
 
-// binary or ascii for saving data
-writeFormat				ascii;
+writeFormat				          ascii;         // data writting format (ascii or binary)
 
-// report timers?
-timersReport 			Yes;  	
+timersReport 			            Yes;  	     // report timers (Yes or No)
 
-// time interval for reporting timers
-timersReportInterval   	0.01;	
+timersReportInterval   	           0.01;	     // time interval for reporting timers
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/caseSetup/interaction b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/caseSetup/interaction
index 709fe23e..1e9b4447 100644
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/caseSetup/interaction
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/caseSetup/interaction
@@ -6,70 +6,49 @@ objectName interaction;
 objectType dicrionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+materials        (wallMat lightMat);             // a list of materials names
 
-// a list of materials names
-materials      (wallMat lightMat);
-
-// density of materials [kg/m3]
-densities      (1000 1000);
+densities               (1000 1000);             // density of materials [kg/m3]
 
 contactListType   sortedContactList; 
 
+contactSearch
+{
+    method         NBS;                          // method for broad search 
+    
+   updateInterval   10;
+
+   sizeRatio       1.1;
+
+   cellExtent     0.55;
+
+   adjustableBox   Yes;     
+}
+
 model
 {
-   contactForceModel nonLinearNonLimited;
-   rollingFrictionModel normal;
+   contactForceModel    nonLinearNonLimited;
 
-   // Young modulus [Pa]
+   rollingFrictionModel              normal;
+
+  
    Yeff (1.0e6 1.0e6 
-               1.0e6);
+               1.0e6);                           // Young modulus [Pa]
    
-   // Shear modulus [Pa]
    Geff (0.8e6 0.8e6
-               0.8e6);
+               0.8e6);                           // Shear modulus [Pa]
 
-   // Poisson's ratio [-]
-   nu (0.25 0.25
-            0.25);
+   nu     (0.25 0.25
+                0.25);                           // Poisson's ratio [-]
 
-   // coefficient of normal restitution
-   en (0.97 0.85
-            0.97);
+   en     (0.97 0.85
+                0.97);                           // coefficient of normal restitution
 
-   // dynamic friction
-   mu (0.65 0.35 
-            0.65);
+   mu     (0.65 0.35 
+                0.65);                           // dynamic friction
 
-   // rolling friction
-   mur (0.1 0.1
-            0.1);
+   mur      (0.1 0.1
+                 0.1);                           // rolling friction
         
 }
 
-contactSearch
-{
-   // method for broad search particle-particle
-   method         NBS;
-   
-   // method for broad search particle-wall
-   wallMapping    cellMapping; 
-
-   NBSInfo
-   {
-      // each 20 timesteps, update neighbor list
-      updateFrequency 20;
-      
-      // bounding box size to particle diameter (max) 
-      sizeRatio      1.1;
-   }
-
-   cellMappingInfo
-   {
-      // each 20 timesteps, update neighbor list
-      updateFrequency 20;
-      
-      // bounding box for particle-wall search (> 0.5)
-      cellExtent     0.7;
-   }
-
-}
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/caseSetup/particleInsertion b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/caseSetup/particleInsertion
index 682830c5..a26ff8ac 100644
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/caseSetup/particleInsertion
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/caseSetup/particleInsertion
@@ -6,97 +6,86 @@ objectName particleInsertion;
 objectType dicrionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+active             Yes;                          // is insertion active -> Yes or No
 
-// is insertion active?
-active  yes;
-
-// not implemented for yes
-collisionCheck No;
+checkForCollision   No;                          // is checked          -> Yes or No
 
 /*
-two layers of particles are packed one-by-one using tho insertion steps. 
+   Two layers of particles are packed one-by-one using tho insertion steps
 */
 
 rightregion
 {
-   // type of insertion region
-   type		  cylinderRegion;
+   timeControl    simulationTime;
+ 
+   regionType		      cylinder;                // type of insertion region
    
-   // insertion rate (particles/s)
-   rate 	  10000;
+   rate 	                  10000;                // Particles Insertion Rate (particles/s)
    
-   // start time of small particles insertion (s)
-   startTime 	  0.0;
+   startTime 	              0.0;                // start time of small particles insertion (s)
    
-   // end time of small particles insertion (s)
-   endTime   	  1;
+   endTime   	                1;                // end time of small particles insertion (s)
    
-   // time interval of small particles insertion (s)
-   interval       0.025;  
+   insertionInterval       0.025;                // time interval of small particles insertion (s)
 
-   cylinderRegionInfo 
+   cylinderInfo 
    {
-        // radius of cylinder (m)
-   	radius 	0.1;
-   	
-   	// coordinates of center of both ends of the insertion cylinder on 
-   	// the right side of the V-blender (m,m,m)
+   	/* coordinates of center of both ends of the insertion 
+
+         cylinder on the right side of the V-blender (m,m,m) */
+
    	p1 (0.0950615  0.12 0.5011585);
+
    	p2 (0.1150615  0.12 0.4811585);
+
+      radius                     0.1;            // radius of cylinder (m)
    }
    
    setFields
    {
-     // initial velocity of inserted particles
-     velocity    realx3 (1.2 0.0 -1.2); 
+     velocity  realx3 (1.2 0.0 -1.2);            // initial velocity of inserted particles
    }
    
    mixture
    {
-      // first layer of inserted particles
-      smallSphere 1;
-      
+     smallSphere                   1;            // first layer of inserted particles 
    }
 }
 
 leftregion
 {
-   // type of insertion region
-   type         cylinderRegion;
+   timeControl    simulationTime;
    
-   // insertion rate (particles/s)
-   rate         10000;
+   regionType           cylinder;                // type of insertion region
    
-   // start time of large particles insertion (s)
-   startTime    1.5;
+   rate                    10000;                // Particles Insertion Rate (particles/s)
    
-   // end time of large particles insertion (s)
-   endTime      2.5;
+   startTime                 1.5;                // start time of large particles insertion (s)
    
-   // time interval of large particles insertion (s)
-   interval     0.025;
+   endTime                   2.5;                // end time of large particles insertion (s)
+   
+   insertionInterval       0.025;                // time interval of large particles insertion (s)
 
-   cylinderRegionInfo 
+   cylinderInfo 
    {
-      // radius of cylinder (m)
-      radius   0.1;
-      
-      // coordinates of center of both ends of the insertion cylinder on
-      // the left side of the V-blender (m,m,m)      
-      p1 ( 0.7562545  0.12 0.50079);
-      p2 ( 0.7362545  0.12 0.48079);
+      /* coordinates of center of both ends of the insertion 
+
+         cylinder on the left side of the V-blender (m,m,m)  */     
+
+      p1 ( 0.7562545 0.12 0.50079);
+
+      p2 ( 0.7362545 0.12 0.48079);
+
+      radius   0.1;                              // radius of cylinder (m)
    }
    
    setFields
    {
-     // initial velocity of inserted particles
-     velocity    realx3 (-1.2 0.0 -1.2);
+     velocity    realx3 (-1.2 0.0 -1.2);         // initial velocity of inserted particles
    }
    
    mixture
    {
-      // second layer of inserted particles
-      largeSphere 1;
-      
+      largeSphere 1;                             // second layer of inserted particles
    }
 }
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/caseSetup/shapes b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/caseSetup/shapes
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..85ad682a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/caseSetup/shapes
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ 
+objectName 	sphereDict;
+objectType 	sphereShape;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+names 		(smallSphere largeSphere);           // names of particles
+
+diameters 	            (0.01 0.0101);           // diameter of particles
+
+materials	      (lightMat lightMat);           // material names for particles
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/settings/domainDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/settings/domainDict
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..8595d381
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/settings/domainDict
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */  
+objectName 	domainDict;
+objectType 	dictionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+globalBox                                        // Simulation domain: every particles that goes outside this domain will be deleted
+{
+	min  (-0.1 -0.4 0);                          // lower corner point of the box 
+
+	max (0.86 0.6 0.6);                          // upper corner point of the box 
+}
+
+decomposition
+{
+	direction z;
+}
+
+boundaries
+{
+	
+
+	neighborListUpdateInterval     50;           /* Determines how often (how many iterations) do you want to 
+
+	                                                rebuild the list of particles in the neighbor list 
+
+	                                                of all boundaries in the simulation domain        */
+
+	updateInterval                 10;           // Determines how often do you want to update the new changes in the boundary
+
+	neighborLength              0.004;           // The distance from the boundary plane within which particles are marked to be in the boundary list
+
+	left
+	{
+		type     exit;	                         // other options: periodic, reflective 
+	}
+
+	right
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	bottom
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	top
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	rear
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	front
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/settings/geometryDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/settings/geometryDict
index bbb9bfea..a1f42d1a 100644
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/settings/geometryDict
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/settings/geometryDict
@@ -6,49 +6,37 @@ objectName 	geometryDict;
 objectType 	dictionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+motionModel rotatingAxis;                        // motion model: rotating object around an axis
 
-// motion model: rotating object around an axis
-motionModel rotatingAxisMotion; 
+rotatingAxisInfo                                 // information for rotatingAxis motion model 
+{
+	rotAxis 
+	{  
+		p1 (0.128228 0.116446 0.297901);         // first point for the axis of rotation
+
+		p2 (0.722596 0.116459 0.297901);	     // second point for the axis of rotation
+		
+		omega                      3.14;         // rotation speed (rad/s)
+		
+		startTime                     3;         // start time of rotation
+		
+		endTime                      10;         // end time of rotation
+	}
+}
 
 surfaces
 {
-	
 	body
-	{
-	        // type of the wall
-		type 	 stlWall;
+	{ 
+		type 	  stlWall;                       // type of the wall
 		
-		// file name in stl folder
-		file 	 body.stl;
+		file 	 body.stl;                       // file name in stl folder
 		
-		// material name of this wall
-		material wallMat;
+		material  wallMat;                       // material name of this wall
 		
-		// motion component name
-		motion 	 rotAxis;
-	}
-
-	
-}
-
-// information for rotatingAxisMotion motion model 
-rotatingAxisMotionInfo
-{
-	rotAxis 
-	{
-	        // first point for the axis of rotation
-		p1 (0.128228 0.116446 0.297901);
-		
-		// second point for the axis of rotation
-		p2 (0.722596 0.116459 0.297901);
-		
-		// rotation speed (rad/s)
-		omega 3.14;
-		
-		// start time of rotation
-		startTime 3;
-		
-		// end time of rotation
-		endTime 10;
+		motion 	   otAxis;                       // motion component name
 	}
 }
+
+                                     
+
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/settings/particlesDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/settings/particlesDict
index 20f0f595..87a433c5 100644
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/settings/particlesDict
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/settings/particlesDict
@@ -6,43 +6,74 @@ objectName 	particlesDict;
 objectType 	dictionary;
 fileFormat  	ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
 setFields
 {
-	/*
-	Default value for fields defined for particles
-	These fields should always be defined for simulations with 
-	spherical particles.
-	*/
+    /*
+		Default value for fields defined for particles
 
-	defaultValue 
-	{
-		// linear velocity (m/s)
-		velocity 	realx3 	(0 0 0);
-		
-		// linear acceleration (m/s2)
-		acceleration 	realx3 	(0 0 0);
-		
-		// rotational velocity (rad/s)
-		rotVelocity 	realx3 	(0 0 0);
-		
-		// name of the particle shape
-		shapeName 	word	smallSphere;
-	}
+		These fields should always be defined for simulations with 
 
-	selectors
-	{}
+		spherical particles.
+    */
+
+    defaultValue 
+    {
+		velocity 	    realx3    (0 0 0);       // linear velocity (m/s)
+		
+        acceleration 	realx3    (0 0 0);       // linear acceleration (m/s2)
+		
+        rVelocity	    realx3    (0 0 0);       // rotational velocity (rad/s)
+		
+	    shapeName 	    word  smallSphere;       // name of the particle shape
+    }
+
+    selectors
+    {
+	    shapeAssigne
+	    {
+	    	selector 	stridedRange; 	         // other options: box, cylinder, sphere, randomPoints 
+ 
+	    	stridedRangeInfo
+	    	{
+				begin 	    0;			         // begin index of points
+
+				end 	24000;                   // end index of points 
+
+				stride      3;	                 // stride for selector 
+	    	}
+
+	    	fieldValue                           // fields that the selector is applied to 
+	    	{
+				shapeName   word    sphere1;     // sets shapeName of the selected points to largeSphere
+	   		}
+		}
+    }
 }
 
-// positions particles 
-positionParticles
+positionParticles                                // positions particles 
 {
-        // no particle is initially in the simulation
-	method empty;
-
-        // maximum number of particles in the simulation
-	maxNumberOfParticles 25000;
 	
-	// perform initial sorting based on morton code?
-	mortonSorting Yes;
-}
+	method 	      ordered;                       // ordered positioning
+
+	mortonSorting     Yes;                       // perform initial sorting based on morton code?  
+
+	orderedInfo
+	{
+		diameter   0.0101;                       // minimum space between centers of particles
+			 	
+		numPoints   25000;                       // number of particles in the simulation 
+		 	
+		axisOrder (x y z);                       // axis order for filling the space with particles	
+	}  
+
+	regionType cylinder;                         // other options: cylinder and sphere               
+	
+	cylinderInfo                                 // cylinder for positioning particles 
+	{
+		p1 (0.0 0.0 0.09);                       // Coordinates of bottom cylinderRegion (m,m,m)
+		
+		p2 (0.0 0.0 0.21);                       // Coordinates of top cylinderRegion (m,m,m)
+		
+		radius       0.09;                       // radius of cylinder
+	}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/settings/settingsDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/settings/settingsDict
index 4dab1980..916b4e53 100644
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/settings/settingsDict
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/V-blender/settings/settingsDict
@@ -6,45 +6,29 @@ objectName 	settingsDict;
 objectType 	dictionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
 run 		rotatingVblender;
 
-// time step for integration (s)
-dt 			0.00001;
+dt 			         0.00001;                    // time step for integration (s)
 
-// start time for simulation
-startTime 		0;
+startTime 		           0;                    // start time for simulation
 
-// end time for simulation
-endTime 		10;
+endTime 		          10;                    // end time for simulation
 
-// time interval for saving the simulation
-saveInterval    	0.05;
+saveInterval    	    0.05;                    // time interval for saving the simulation
 
-// maximum number of digits for time folder
-timePrecision    	6; 
+timePrecision    	       6;                    // maximum number of digits for time folder
 
-// gravity vector (m/s2)
-g 			(0 0 -9.8);
+g 			      (0 0 -9.8);                    // gravity vector (m/s2)
 
-/*
-	Simulation domain 
-	every particles that goes outside this domain is deleted.
-*/
+includeObjects (diameter);                       // save necessary (i.e., required) data on disk
 
-domain 
-{
-	min (-0.1 -0.4 0);
-	max (0.86 0.6 0.6);
-}
+// exclude unnecessary data from saving on disk
+excludeObjects (rVelocity.dy1 pStructPosition.dy1 pStructVelocity.dy1); 
 
-// integration method
-integrationMethod 	AdamsBashforth2;
+integrationMethod 	AdamsBashforth2;             // integration method
 
-writeFormat			ascii;
+writeFormat			          ascii;             // data writting format (ascii or binary)
 
-// report timers?
-timersReport 		Yes;
+timersReport 		            Yes;             // report timers (Yes or No)
 
-// time interval for reporting timers
-timersReportInterval   	0.01;
+timersReportInterval   	       0.01;             // time interval for reporting timers
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/README.md b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/README.md
index b18c204c..299245d9 100644
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/README.md
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/README.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Problem definition
-A rotating drum with two particle sizes is randomly filled and let it rotate to see the segregation of particles.
-The focus of this tutorial is to show how to use the pre-processing tool, `particlesPhasicFlow`, to create the initial mixture of small and large particles. 
+
+A rotating drum is randomly filled with two particle sizes and rotated to observe particle segregation. The focus of this tutorial is to show how to use the preprocessing tool `particlesPhasicFlow` to create the initial mixture of small and large particles. 
 
 **Note:** It is supposed that you have reviewed [simulating a rotating drum](https://github.com/PhasicFlow/phasicFlow/wiki/Simulating-a-rotating-drum) tutorial before starting this tutorial.
 
@@ -14,11 +14,13 @@ a view of the rotating drum with small and large particles after 7 seconds of ro
 ***
 
 # Case setup
-PhasicFlow simulation case setup is based on the text-based files that we provide in two folders located in the simulation case folder: `settings` and `caseSetup`. Here we will have a look at some important files and the rest can be found in the tutorial folder of this case setup. 
+
+In the file `caseSetup/sphereShape` two particle types with the names `smallSphere` and `largeSphere` and the diameters 3 and 5 mm are defined. 
 
 [Simulation case setup files can be found in tutorials/sphereGranFlow folder.](https://github.com/PhasicFlow/phasicFlow/tree/main/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles)
 ### Shape definition 
-In file `caseSetup/sphereShape`, two particle types with names `smallSphere` and `largeSphere` and diameters 3 and 5 mm are defined. 
+
+In the file `caseSetup/sphereShape` two particle types with the names `smallSphere` and `largeSphere` and the diameters 3 and 5 mm are defined. 
 
 <div align="center"> 
 in <b>caseSetup/sphereShape</b> file
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ materials    (prop1  prop1);       // material names for shapes
 ```
 ### Positioning and initial mixture 
 
-In dictionary `positionParticles` located in file `settings/particlesDict`, 30000 particles are located in a cylindrical region. These particles are positioned in order along `z`, `x` and then `y` axis with 0.005 m distance between their centers. 
+In the dictionary `positionParticles` located in file `settings/particlesDict`, 30000 particles are located in a cylindrical region. These particles are positioned in order along `z`, `x` and then `y` axis with 0.005 m distance between their centers. 
 
 <div align="center"> 
 in <b>settings/particlesDict</b> file
@@ -42,10 +44,16 @@ in <b>settings/particlesDict</b> file
 // positions particles 
 positionParticles
 {
-    method positionOrdered;     // ordered positioning
+    method ordered;     // other options: random or empty
 
-    maxNumberOfParticles 30001; // maximum number of particles in the simulation
-    mortonSorting Yes;          // perform initial sorting based on morton code?   
+    orderedInfo
+    {        
+        diameter 0.005;     // minimum space between centers of particles
+        numPoints 30000;    // number of particles in the simulation 
+        axisOrder (z x y);  // axis order for filling the space with particles
+    }
+
+    regionType cylinder;                                   // other options: box and sphere 
 
     cylinder  // cylinder region for positioning particles 
     {
@@ -53,17 +61,9 @@ positionParticles
         p2 (0.0 0.0 0.097);     // end point of cylinder axis (m m m)
         radius       0.117;     // radius of cylinder (m)
     }
-        
-    positionOrderedInfo
-    {        
-        diameter 0.005;     // minimum space between centers of particles
-        numPoints 30000;    // number of particles in the simulation 
-        axisOrder (z x y);  // axis order for filling the space with particles
-    }
 }
 ```
-
-In dictionary `setFields` located in file `settings/particlesDict`, you define the initial `velocity`, `acceleration`, `rotVelocity`, and  `shapeName` fields for all 30000 particles in the simulation. In `selectors` dictionary, you can select  subsets of particles and set the field value for these subsets. In `shapeAssigne` sub-dictionary, the `selectRange` selector is defined. It defines a range with `begin` (begin index), `end` (end index) and `stride` to select particles. And in `fieldValue` sub-dictionary, the fields values for selected particles are set (any number of field values can be set here).
+In the `setFields` dictionary, located in the `settings/particlesDict` file, you define the initial `velocity`, `acceleration`, `rotVelocity` and `shapeName` fields for all 30000 particles in the simulation. In the `selectors' dictionary, you can select subsets of particles and set the field value for those subsets. The `selectRange` selector is defined in the `shapeAssigne` subdictionary. It defines a range with `begin`, `end` and `stride` to select particles. And in the `fieldValue` subdictionary the field values for selected particles are set (any number of field values can be set here).
 
 **Note:** Other selectors are: `selectBox` that selects particles inside a box and `randomSelect` that selects particles randomly from a given index range. 
 
@@ -77,7 +77,8 @@ setFields
     /*
         Default value for fields defined for particles
     These fields should always be defined for simulations with 
-    spherical particles.*/
+    spherical particles.
+*/
 
     defaultValue 
     {
@@ -91,8 +92,9 @@ setFields
     {
         shapeAssigne
         {
-            selector     selectRange; // type of point selector
-            selectRangeInfo
+            selector     stridedRange; 				       // other options: box, cylinder, sphere, randomPoints
+
+            stridedRangeInfo
             {
                 begin   0;            // begin index of points
                 end     30000;        // end index of points 
@@ -101,10 +103,10 @@ setFields
             fieldValue  // fields that the selector is applied to 
             {
                 /*
-                sets shapeName of the selected points to largeSphere*/
+                    sets shapeName of the selected points to largeSphere
+                */
                 shapeName     word     largeSphere;
             }
-        
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/caseSetup/interaction b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/caseSetup/interaction
index 79aef8f9..8ea45868 100755
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/caseSetup/interaction
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/caseSetup/interaction
@@ -6,49 +6,46 @@ objectName  interaction;
 objectType  dicrionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+materials                     (prop1);           // properties of material
 
+densities                    (1000.0);           // density of materials [kg/m3]
 
-materials      (prop1);    // a list of materials names
-densities      (1000.0);   // density of materials [kg/m3]
-
-contactListType   sortedContactList; 
-
-model
-{
-   contactForceModel nonLinearNonLimited;
-   rollingFrictionModel normal;
-
-   Yeff  (1.0e6);       // Young modulus [Pa]
-
-   Geff  (0.8e6);       // Shear modulus [Pa]
-
-   nu    (0.25);        // Poisson's ratio [-]
-
-   en    (0.7);         // coefficient of normal restitution
-
-   et    (1.0);         // coefficient of tangential restitution 
-
-   mu    (0.3);         // dynamic friction 
-
-   mur   (0.1);         // rolling friction 
-        
-}
+contactListType     sortedContactList;
 
 contactSearch
 {
-   method         multiGridNBS;       // method for broad search particle-particle
-   wallMapping    multiGridMapping;   // method for broad search particle-wall 
+  
+   method          NBS;                          // method for broad search 
+    
+   updateInterval   10;
 
-   multiGridNBSInfo
-   {
-      updateFrequency 10;        // each 10 timesteps, update neighbor list 
-      sizeRatio      1.1;        // bounding box size to particle diameter (max)
-   }
+   sizeRatio       1.1;
 
-   multiGridMappingInfo
-   {
-      updateFrequency 10;        // each 10 timesteps, update neighbor list  
-      cellExtent     0.6;        // bounding box for particle-wall search (> 0.5)
-   }
+   cellExtent     0.55;
 
+   adjustableBox   Yes;
+} 
+
+model
+{
+   contactForceModel     nonLinearNonLimited;
+
+   rollingFrictionModel               normal;
+
+   // Property (solid-solid Properties)
+
+   Yeff     (1.0e6);                             // Young modulus [Pa]
+
+   Geff     (0.8e6);                             // Shear modulus [Pa]
+
+   nu       (0.25);                              // Poisson's ratio [-]
+
+   en       (0.7);                               // coefficient of normal restitution
+
+   et       (1.0);                               // coefficient of tangential restitution 
+
+   mu       (0.3);                               // dynamic friction 
+
+   mur      (0.1);                               // rolling friction     
 }
+
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/caseSetup/particleInsertion b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/caseSetup/particleInsertion
index dbbc4709..a6a18f2c 100755
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/caseSetup/particleInsertion
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/caseSetup/particleInsertion
@@ -6,10 +6,6 @@ objectName 	particleInsertion;
 objectType 	dicrionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+collisionCheck     No;                           // is checked          -> yes or no
 
-
-active  no;          // is insertion active?
-
-collisionCheck No;   // not implemented for yes
-
-
+active             No;                           // is insertion active -> yes or no
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/caseSetup/shapes b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/caseSetup/shapes
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..8deb096c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/caseSetup/shapes
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ 
+objectName 	sphereDict;
+objectType 	sphereShape;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+names 	  (smallSphere largeSphere); 	         // names of shapes 
+
+diameters             (0.003 0.005);	         // diameter of shapes 
+
+materials             (prop1 prop1);	         // material names for shapes 
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/cleanThisCase b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/cleanThisCase
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/runThisCase b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/runThisCase
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/settings/domainDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/settings/domainDict
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..d5369143
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/settings/domainDict
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */  
+objectName 	domainDict;
+objectType 	dictionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+globalBox                                        // Simulation domain: every particles that goes outside this domain will be deleted
+{
+	min     (-0.12 -0.12 0);
+
+	max     (0.12 0.12 0.1);
+}
+
+decomposition
+{
+	direction z;
+}
+
+boundaries
+{
+	// Determines how often (how many iterations) do you want to 
+
+	// rebuild the list of particles in the neighbor list 
+
+	// of all boundaries in the simulation domain 
+
+	neighborListUpdateInterval     50; 
+
+	// Determines how often do you want to update the new changes in the boundary
+
+	updateInterval                 10;
+
+	// The distance from the boundary plane within which particles are marked to be in the boundary list 
+
+	neighborLength              0.004;
+
+	left
+	{
+		type     exit;	                         // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	right
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	bottom
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	top
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	rear
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	front
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/settings/geometryDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/settings/geometryDict
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 46d4025b..9fa0b8a3
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/settings/geometryDict
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/settings/geometryDict
@@ -6,66 +6,80 @@ objectName 	geometryDict;
 objectType 	dictionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+motionModel     rotatingAxis;                    // motion model can be rotatingAxis or stationary or vibrating
 
-// motion model: rotating object around an axis
-motionModel rotatingAxisMotion; 
-
-surfaces
-{
-	/*
-	    A cylinder with begin and end radii 0.12 m and axis points at (0 0 0) 
-	and (0 0 0.1)
-	*/
-	cylinder
-	{
-		type cylinderWall;  // type of the wall
-		p1 (0.0 0.0 0.0);   // begin point of cylinder axis
-		p2 (0.0 0.0 0.1);   // end point of cylinder axis
-		radius1 0.12;		// radius at p1
-		radius2 0.12;		// radius at p2
-		resolution 24;      // number of divisions
-		material prop1;     // material name of this wall
-		motion rotAxis;		// motion component name 
-	}
-
-	/*
-	This is a plane wall at the rear end of cylinder
-	*/
-	wall1
-	{
-		type planeWall;			// type of the wall
-		p1 (-0.12 -0.12 0.0);	// first point of the wall
-		p2 ( 0.12 -0.12 0.0);   // second point
-		p3 ( 0.12  0.12 0.0);   // third point
-		p4 (-0.12  0.12 0.0);   // fourth point 
-		material prop1;         // material name of the wall  
-		motion rotAxis;			// motion component name 
-	}
-
-	/*
-	This is a plane wall at the front end of cylinder
-	*/
-	wall2
-	{
-		type planeWall;
-		p1 (-0.12 -0.12 0.1);
-		p2 ( 0.12 -0.12 0.1);
-		p3 ( 0.12  0.12 0.1);
-		p4 (-0.12  0.12 0.1);
-		material prop1;
-		motion rotAxis;
-	}
-		
-	
-}
-
-// information for rotatingAxisMotion motion model 
-rotatingAxisMotionInfo
+rotatingAxisInfo                                 // information for rotatingAxis motion model 
 {
 	rotAxis 
 	{
-		p1 (0.0 0.0 0.0);	// first point for the axis of rotation 
-		p2 (0.0 0.0 1.0);	// second point for the axis of rotation
-		omega 1.214; 		// rotation speed (rad/s)
+		p1 (0.0 0.0 0.0);	                     // first point for the axis of rotation 
+
+		p2 (0.0 0.0 1.0);	                     // second point for the axis of rotation
+		
+		omega      1.214; 		                 // rotation speed (rad/s)
 	}
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
+
+surfaces
+{
+	cylinder
+	{
+		type     cylinderWall;                   // other options: cuboidWall and planeWall
+
+		p1 (0.0 0.0 0.0);                        // begin point of cylinder axis
+
+		p2 (0.0 0.0 0.1);                        // end point of cylinder axis
+
+		radius1     0.12;		                 // radius at p1
+
+		radius2     0.12;		                 // radius at p2
+
+		resolution    24;                        // number of divisions
+
+		material   prop1;                        // material name of this wall
+
+		motion   rotAxis;		                 // motion component name 
+	}
+
+	/*
+		This is a plane wall at the rear end of cylinder
+	*/
+
+	wall1
+	{
+		type       planeWall;			         // other options: cuboidWall and  cylinderWall
+
+		p1 (-0.12 -0.12 0.0);	                 // first point of the wall
+
+		p2  (0.12 -0.12 0.0);                    // second point of the wall
+
+		p3   (0.12 0.12 0.0);                    // third point of the wall
+
+		p4  (-0.12 0.12 0.0);                    // fourth point of the wall
+
+		material       prop1;                    // material name of the wall 
+
+		motion       rotAxis;		             // motion component name 
+	}
+
+	/*
+		This is a plane wall at the front end of cylinder
+	*/
+
+	wall2
+	{
+		type       planeWall;                    // other options: cuboidWall and  cylinderWall 
+
+		p1 (-0.12 -0.12 0.1);                    // first point of the wall
+
+		p2  (0.12 -0.12 0.1);                    // second point of the wall
+
+		p3   (0.12 0.12 0.1);                    // third point of the wall
+
+		p4  (-0.12 0.12 0.1);                    // fourth point of the wall
+
+		material       prop1;                    // material name of the wall 
+
+		motion       rotAxis;                    // motion component name 
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/settings/particlesDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/settings/particlesDict
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index f53fb9b6..24a6c7ab
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/settings/particlesDict
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/settings/particlesDict
@@ -6,64 +6,69 @@ objectName 	particlesDict;
 objectType 	dictionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-// positions particles 
-positionParticles
-{
-	method positionOrdered;     // ordered positioning
-
-	maxNumberOfParticles 30001; // maximum number of particles in the simulation
-	mortonSorting Yes;          // perform initial sorting based on morton code?   
-
-	cylinder  // cylinder region for positioning particles 
-	{
-		p1 (0.0 0.0 0.003); 	// begin point of cylinder axis
-		p2 (0.0 0.0 0.097);		// end point of cylinder axis
-		radius 		0.117;		// radius of cylinder 
-	}
-		
-	positionOrderedInfo
-	{		
-		diameter 0.005; 	// minimum space between centers of particles
-		numPoints 30000; 	// number of particles in the simulation 
-		axisOrder (z x y);  // axis order for filling the space with particles
-	}
-}
-
 setFields
 {
 	/*
-	    Default value for fields defined for particles
-	These fields should always be defined for simulations with 
-	spherical particles.*/
+	    Default value for fields defined for particles:
+
+		These fields should always be defined for simulations with spherical particles
+	*/
 
 	defaultValue 
 	{
-		velocity 		realx3 	(0 0 0); // linear velocity (m/s)
-		acceleration 	realx3 	(0 0 0); // linear acceleration (m/s2)
-		rotVelocity 	realx3 	(0 0 0); // rotational velocity (rad/s)
-		shapeName 		word	smallSphere; // name of the particle shape 
+		velocity 		     realx3 (0 0 0);     // linear velocity (m/s)
+
+		acceleration 	     realx3 (0 0 0); 	 // linear acceleration (m/s2)
+
+		rVelocity 		     realx3 (0 0 0); 	 // rotational velocity (rad/s)
+
+		shapeName 		word    smallSphere; 	 // name of the particle shape 
 	}
 
 	selectors
 	{
 		shapeAssigne
 		{
-			selector 	selectRange; // type of point selector
-			selectRangeInfo
+			selector 	stridedRange; 	         // other options: box, cylinder, sphere, randomPoints 
+ 
+			stridedRangeInfo
 			{
-				begin 	0;			// begin index of points
-				end 	30000;		// end index of points 
-				stride  3;			// stride for selector 
+				begin 	    0;			         // begin index of points
+
+				end 	30000;		 			 // end index of points 
+
+				stride      3;			 		 // stride for selector 
 			}
-			fieldValue  // fields that the selector is applied to 
+
+			fieldValue  					     // fields that the selector is applied to 
 			{
-				/*
-				sets shapeName of the selected points to largeSphere*/
-				shapeName 	word 	largeSphere;
+				shapeName 	word    largeSphere; // sets shapeName of the selected points to largeSphere
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+positionParticles 				                 // positions particles 
+{
+	method ordered;                              // other options: random and empty
 
+	orderedInfo
+	{		
+		diameter  0.005; 	                     // diameter of particles
+
+		numPoints 30000; 	                     // number of particles in the simulation
+
+		axisOrder (z x y);                       // axis order for filling the space with particles
+	}
+	
+	regionType cylinder;                         // other options: box and sphere  
+
+	cylinderInfo  				                 // cylinder information for positioning particles 
+	{
+		p1 (0.0 0.0 0.003); 	                 // begin point of cylinder axis
+
+		p2 (0.0 0.0 0.097);		                 // end point of cylinder axis
+
+		radius 		0.117;		                 // radius of cylinder 
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/settings/settingsDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/settings/settingsDict
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 3df9af04..e8bb10bc
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/settings/settingsDict
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/settings/settingsDict
@@ -6,36 +6,33 @@ objectName 	settingsDict;
 objectType 	dictionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+run 	binarySystemofParticles;
 
+dt       0.00001; 	                             // time step for integration (seconds)
 
-run 			binarySystemofParticles;
+startTime    0.0; 		                         // start time for simulation 
 
-dt 				0.00001; 	// time step for integration (s)
+endTime     10.0; 		                         // end time for simulation 
 
-startTime 		0; 			// start time for simulation 
+saveInterval 0.1; 		                         // time interval for saving the simulation
 
-endTime 		10; 		// end time for simulation 
+timePrecision  6;		                         // maximum number of digits for time folder 
 
-saveInterval 	0.1; 		// time interval for saving the simulation
+g 	  (0 -9.8 0);                                // gravity vector (m/s2) 
 
-timePrecision   6;			// maximum number of digits for time folder 
+// save necessary (i.e., required) data on disk
 
-g 				(0 -9.8 0); // gravity vector (m/s2) 
+includeObjects (diameter);  
 
-/*
-	Simulation domain 
-	every particles that goes outside this domain is deleted.
-*/
-domain 
-{
-	min (-0.12 -0.12 0);
-	max (0.12   0.12 0.1);
-}
+// exclude unnecessary data from saving on disk
 
-integrationMethod 		AdamsBashforth2; 	// integration method 
+excludeObjects (rVelocity.dy1 pStructPosition.dy1 pStructVelocity.dy1); 
 
-writeFormat 			ascii;
+integrationMethod 		AdamsBashforth2; 	     // integration method 
 
-timersReport 			Yes;  	// report timers?
+writeFormat 			          ascii;         // data writting format (ascii or binary)
 
-timersReportInterval   	0.01;	// time interval for reporting timers
+timersReport 			            Yes;  	     // report timers
+
+timersReportInterval   	           0.01;	     // time interval for reporting timers
+ 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/caseSetup/interaction b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/caseSetup/interaction
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..3ea53adf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/caseSetup/interaction
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ 
+objectName interaction;
+objectType dicrionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+materials   (lightMat heavyMat wallMat);         // a list of materials names
+
+densities            (1000 1500.0 2500);         // density of materials [kg/m3]
+
+contactListType       sortedContactList;
+
+contactSearch
+{
+   method         NBS;                           // method for broad search particle-particle
+   
+   updateInterval 10;
+
+   sizeRatio      1.1;
+
+   cellExtent     0.55;
+
+   adjustableBox  No;
+} 
+
+model
+{
+   contactForceModel nonLinearLimited;
+
+   rollingFrictionModel        normal;
+
+   /*
+
+   Property (lightMat-lightMat   lightMat-heavyMat    lightMat-wallMat
+                                 heavyMat-heavyMat    heavyMat-wallMat
+                                                      wallMat-wallMat  );
+   */
+
+   Yeff (1.0e6 1.0e6 1.0e6                       // Young modulus [Pa]
+               1.0e6 1.0e6
+                     1.0e6);
+   
+   Geff (0.8e6 0.8e6 0.8e6                       // Shear modulus [Pa]
+               0.8e6 0.8e6
+                     0.8e6);
+
+   nu    (0.25 0.25  0.25                        // Poisson's ratio [-]
+               0.25  0.25
+                     0.25);
+
+   en (0.97  0.97    0.85                        // coefficient of normal restitution
+             0.97    0.85
+                     1.00);
+
+   et (1.0   1.0  1.0                            // coefficient of tangential restitution 
+             1.0  1.0
+                  1.0);
+
+   mu (0.65   0.65 0.35                          // dynamic friction 
+              0.65 0.35
+                   0.35);
+
+   mur (0.1  0.1 0.1                             // rolling friction 
+             0.1 0.1
+                 0.1);       
+}
+
+
+
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/caseSetup/particleInsertion b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/caseSetup/particleInsertion
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..195f27df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/caseSetup/particleInsertion
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ 
+objectName particleInsertion;
+objectType dicrionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+active           Yes;                            // is insertion active -> yes or no
+
+checkForCollision No;                            // is checked          -> yes or no
+
+/*
+   one layers of particles are packed 
+*/
+
+layer0
+{  
+   timeControl          simulationTime;
+
+   regionType                 cylinder;          // type of insertion region
+
+   rate                          15000;          // insertion rate (particles/s)
+
+   startTime                         0;          // (s)
+
+   endTime                         0.5;          // (s)
+
+   insertionInterval             0.025;          // s 
+
+   cylinderInfo 
+   {
+   	radius 	                   0.09;          // radius of cylinder (m)
+
+   	p1              ( 0.0  0.0 0.1 );          // (m,m,m)
+
+   	p2              ( 0.0  0.0 0.11);          // (m,m,m)
+   }
+   
+   setFields
+   {
+     velocity     realx3 (0.0 0.0 -0.6);         // initial velocity of inserted particles 
+   }
+   
+   mixture
+   {
+      lightSphere                    1;          // mixture composition of inserted particles 
+   }
+}
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/caseSetup/sphereShape b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/caseSetup/shapes
similarity index 69%
rename from tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/caseSetup/sphereShape
rename to tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/caseSetup/shapes
index 749d1f0c..603c28cb 100755
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/caseSetup/sphereShape
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/caseSetup/shapes
@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@ objectName 	sphereDict;
 objectType 	sphereShape;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+names 		 (lightSphere heavySphere); 	     // names of shapes 
+
+diameters 	             (0.007 0.007);		     // diameter of shapes 
+
+materials	       (lightMat heavyMat);		     // material names for shapes 
+
 
-names 		(lightSphere heavySphere); 	// names of shapes 
-diameters 	(0.007 0.007);				// diameter of shapes 
-materials	(lightMat heavyMat);		// material names for shapes 
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/cleanThisCase b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/cleanThisCase
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..8a0ab919
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/cleanThisCase
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd ${0%/*} || exit 1    # Run from this directory
+
+ls | grep -P "^(([0-9]+\.?[0-9]*)|(\.[0-9]+))$" | xargs -d"\n" rm -rf
+rm -rf VTK 
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/runThisCase b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/runThisCase
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..c48d71fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/runThisCase
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd ${0%/*} || exit 1    # Run from this directory
+echo "\n<--------------------------------------------------------------------->"
+echo "1) Creating particles"
+echo "<--------------------------------------------------------------------->\n"
+particlesPhasicFlow
+
+echo "\n<--------------------------------------------------------------------->"
+echo "2) Creating geometry"
+echo "<--------------------------------------------------------------------->\n"
+geometryPhasicFlow
+
+echo "\n<--------------------------------------------------------------------->"
+echo "3) Running the case"
+echo "<--------------------------------------------------------------------->\n"
+sphereGranFlow
+
+
+
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/settings/domainDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/settings/domainDict
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..159c33e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/settings/domainDict
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */  
+objectName 	domainDict;
+objectType 	dictionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+globalBox                                        // Simulation domain: every particles that goes outside this domain will be deleted
+{
+	min (-0.11 -0.11 -0.41);
+	
+	max ( 0.33  0.11  0.41);
+}
+
+boundaries
+{
+	// Determines how often (how many iterations) do you want to 
+
+	// rebuild the list of particles in the neighbor list 
+
+	// of all boundaries in the simulation domain 
+
+	neighborListUpdateInterval 30;
+	
+	// Determines how often do you want to update the new changes in the boundary
+
+	updateInterval             10;
+
+	// The distance from the boundary plane within which particles are marked to be in the boundary list 
+
+	neighborLength          0.004;
+
+	left
+	{
+		type exit;	                             // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	right
+	{
+		type exit;                               // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	bottom
+	{
+		type exit;                               // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	top
+	{
+		type exit;                               // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	rear
+	{
+		type exit;                               // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	front
+	{
+		type exit;                               // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+}    
+
+
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/settings/geometryDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/settings/geometryDict
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..69873d0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/settings/geometryDict
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */  
+objectName 	geometryDict;
+objectType 	dictionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+motionModel            conveyorBelt;               // motion model can be rotatingAxis or stationary or vibrating
+
+conveyorBeltInfo
+{
+    conveyorBelt1
+    {
+        tangentVelocity (0.5 0 0);
+    }
+}
+
+surfaces
+{
+	cylinderShell
+	{
+		type 		 cylinderWall;  	         // other options: cuboidWall and planeWall
+
+		p1 			(0.0 0.0 0.0);               // begin point of cylinder axis
+
+		p2 			(0.0 0.0 0.4);               // end point of cylinder axis
+
+		radius1 	          0.1;		         // radius at p1
+ 
+		radius2 	          0.1;		         // radius at p2
+
+		resolution 	           36;      	     // number of divisions
+
+		material 	      wallMat;   	         // material name of this wall
+	}
+
+	coneShell
+	{
+		type 		 cylinderWall;  	         // other options: cuboidWall and planeWall
+
+		p1 		   (0.0 0.0 -0.1);               // begin point of cylinder axis
+
+		p2 			(0.0 0.0 0.0);               // end point of cylinder axis
+
+		radius1 	         0.02;		         // radius at p1
+
+		radius2 	          0.1;		         // radius at p2
+  
+		resolution 	           36;      	     // number of divisions
+
+		material 	      wallMat;   	         // material name of this wall
+	}
+
+	belt
+	{
+		type 	 stlWall;  	// type of the wall
+		file 	 belt.stl;	// file name in stl folder		
+		material wallMat;   // material name of this wall
+		motion 	 conveyorBelt1;		// motion component name 
+	}
+
+	box
+	{
+		type 	 stlWall;  	// type of the wall
+		file 	 box.stl;	// file name in stl folder		
+		material wallMat;   // material name of this wall
+	}
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/settings/particlesDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/settings/particlesDict
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..4df47975
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/settings/particlesDict
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */  
+objectName 	particlesDict;
+objectType 	dictionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+setFields
+{
+	/*
+	    Default value for fields defined for particles
+
+		These fields should always be defined for simulations with 
+
+		spherical particles.
+	*/
+
+	defaultValue 
+	{
+		velocity 		realx3 	    (0 0 0);     // linear velocity (m/s)
+
+		acceleration 	realx3 	    (0 0 0);     // linear acceleration (m/s2)
+
+		rVelocity 		realx3 	    (0 0 0);  	 // rotational velocity (rad/s)
+
+		shapeName 		word	lightSphere; 	 // name of the particle shape 
+	}
+
+	selectors
+	{}
+}
+
+positionParticles                                // positions particles 
+{
+	method                empty;                 // other options: ordered and random 
+
+	regionType              box;                 // other options: cylinder and sphere  
+
+	boxInfo                                      // box region for positioning particles 
+	{
+		min (-0.08 -0.08 0.015);                 // lower corner point of the box 
+
+		max ( 0.08  0.08 0.098);	             // upper corner point of the box 
+	} 
+}
+
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/settings/settingsDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/settings/settingsDict
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..c5b6650d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/settings/settingsDict
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */  
+objectName 	settingsDict;
+objectType 	dictionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+run   layerdSiloFilling;
+
+dt 				0.00005; 	                     // time step for integration (s)
+
+startTime 		    0.0; 		                 // start time for simulation 
+
+endTime 		    5.0;	                     // end time for simulation 
+
+saveInterval 	   0.05; 		                 // time interval for saving the simulation
+
+timePrecision         6;	                     // maximum number of digits for time folder 
+
+g 			 (0 0 -9.8);                         // gravity vector (m/s2) 
+
+// save data objects that are not automatically saved on disk.
+
+// overrides the default behavior 
+
+includeObjects (diameter);    
+
+// exclude unnecessary data from saving on disk
+
+excludeObjects (rVelocity.dy1 pStructPosition.dy1 pStructVelocity.dy1); 
+
+integrationMethod 		AdamsBashforth2; 	      // integration method 
+
+writeFormat				          ascii;          // data writting format (ascii or binary)
+
+timersReport 			            Yes;  	      // report timers
+
+timersReportInterval   	           0.01;	      // time interval for reporting timers
+
+
+
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/stl/belt.stl b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/stl/belt.stl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6ab0e13b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/stl/belt.stl
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+solid
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diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/stl/box.stl b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/stl/box.stl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3b0bb013
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/conveyorBelt/stl/box.stl
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
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diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/caseSetup/interaction b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/caseSetup/interaction
index de2272e8..7c2a70a6 100755
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/caseSetup/interaction
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/caseSetup/interaction
@@ -6,68 +6,66 @@ objectName interaction;
 objectType dicrionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+materials   (lightMat heavyMat wallMat);         // a list of materials names
 
-materials   (lightMat heavyMat wallMat); // a list of materials names
-densities   (1000 1500.0 2500);      // density of materials [kg/m3]
+densities            (1000 1500.0 2500);         // density of materials [kg/m3]
 
-contactListType   sortedContactList;
+contactListType       sortedContactList;
+
+contactSearch
+{
+   method         NBS;                           // method for broad search particle-particle
+   
+   updateInterval 10;
+
+   sizeRatio      1.1;
+
+   cellExtent     0.55;
+
+   adjustableBox  Yes;
+} 
 
 model
 {
    contactForceModel nonLinearLimited;
-   rollingFrictionModel normal;
+
+   rollingFrictionModel        normal;
 
    /*
+
    Property (lightMat-lightMat   lightMat-heavyMat    lightMat-wallMat
                                  heavyMat-heavyMat    heavyMat-wallMat
-                                                      wallMat-wallMat );
+                                                      wallMat-wallMat  );
    */
 
-   Yeff (1.0e6 1.0e6 1.0e6  // Young modulus [Pa]
+   Yeff (1.0e6 1.0e6 1.0e6                       // Young modulus [Pa]
                1.0e6 1.0e6
                      1.0e6);
    
-   Geff (0.8e6 0.8e6 0.8e6  // Shear modulus [Pa]
+   Geff (0.8e6 0.8e6 0.8e6                       // Shear modulus [Pa]
                0.8e6 0.8e6
                      0.8e6);
 
-   nu    (0.25 0.25  0.25  // Poisson's ratio [-]
+   nu    (0.25 0.25  0.25                        // Poisson's ratio [-]
                0.25  0.25
                      0.25);
 
-   en (0.97  0.97    0.85   // coefficient of normal restitution
+   en (0.97  0.97    0.85                        // coefficient of normal restitution
              0.97    0.85
                      1.00);
 
-   et (1.0   1.0  1.0   // coefficient of tangential restitution 
+   et (1.0   1.0  1.0                            // coefficient of tangential restitution 
              1.0  1.0
                   1.0);
 
-   mu (0.65   0.65 0.35   // dynamic friction 
+   mu (0.65   0.65 0.35                          // dynamic friction 
               0.65 0.35
                    0.35);
 
-   mur (0.1  0.1 0.1    // rolling friction 
+   mur (0.1  0.1 0.1                             // rolling friction 
              0.1 0.1
-                  0.1);
-        
+                 0.1);       
 }
 
-contactSearch
-{
-   method         NBS;           // method for broad search particle-particle
-   wallMapping    cellMapping;   // method for broad search particle-wall 
 
-   NBSInfo
-   {
-      updateFrequency 10;        // each 20 timesteps, update neighbor list 
-      sizeRatio      1.1;        // bounding box size to particle diameter (max)
-   }
 
-   cellMappingInfo
-   {
-      updateFrequency 10;        // each 20 timesteps, update neighbor list  
-      cellExtent     0.6;        // bounding box for particle-wall search (> 0.5)
-   }
-
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/caseSetup/particleInsertion b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/caseSetup/particleInsertion
index ff00abb0..195f27df 100755
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/caseSetup/particleInsertion
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/caseSetup/particleInsertion
@@ -6,147 +6,49 @@ objectName particleInsertion;
 objectType dicrionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+active           Yes;                            // is insertion active -> yes or no
 
-active  yes;          // is insertion active?
-
-collisionCheck No;   // not implemented for yes
+checkForCollision No;                            // is checked          -> yes or no
 
 /*
-five layers of particles are packed one-by-one using 5 insertion steps. 
+   one layers of particles are packed 
 */
 
 layer0
-{
-   type		      cylinderRegion; // type of insertion region
-   rate 	      15000;  // insertion rate (particles/s)
-   startTime 	  0;      // (s)
-   endTime   	  0.5;    // (s)
-   interval       0.025;  //s  
+{  
+   timeControl          simulationTime;
 
-   cylinderRegionInfo 
+   regionType                 cylinder;          // type of insertion region
+
+   rate                          15000;          // insertion rate (particles/s)
+
+   startTime                         0;          // (s)
+
+   endTime                         0.5;          // (s)
+
+   insertionInterval             0.025;          // s 
+
+   cylinderInfo 
    {
-   	radius 	0.09;       // radius of cylinder (m)
-   	p1 ( 0.0  0.0 0.1 ); // (m,m,m)
-   	p2 ( 0.0  0.0 0.11); // (m,m,m)
+   	radius 	                   0.09;          // radius of cylinder (m)
+
+   	p1              ( 0.0  0.0 0.1 );          // (m,m,m)
+
+   	p2              ( 0.0  0.0 0.11);          // (m,m,m)
    }
    
    setFields
    {
-     velocity    realx3 (0.0 0.0 -0.6); // initial velocity of inserted particles 
+     velocity     realx3 (0.0 0.0 -0.6);         // initial velocity of inserted particles 
    }
    
    mixture
    {
-      lightSphere 1; // mixture composition of inserted particles 
-      
+      lightSphere                    1;          // mixture composition of inserted particles 
    }
 }
 
-layer1
-{
-   type         cylinderRegion;
-   rate         15000; // (particles/s)
-   startTime    0.7; // (s)
-   endTime      1.2; // (s)
-   interval     0.025; //s  
 
-   cylinderRegionInfo 
-   {
-      radius   0.09;
-      p1 ( 0.0  0.0 0.16 ); // (m,m,m)
-      p2 ( 0.0  0.0 0.17); // (m,m,m)
-   }
-   
-   setFields
-   {
-     velocity    realx3 (0.0 0.0 -0.6);
-   }
-   
-   mixture
-   {
-      heavySphere 1; // only heavySphere
-      
-   }
-}
 
-layer2
-{
-   type         cylinderRegion;
-   rate         15000; // (particles/s)
-   startTime    1.4; // (s)
-   endTime      1.9; // (s)
-   interval     0.025; //s  
 
-   cylinderRegionInfo 
-   {
-      radius   0.09;
-      p1 ( 0.0  0.0 0.2 ); // (m,m,m)
-      p2 ( 0.0  0.0 0.21); // (m,m,m)
-   }
-   
-   setFields
-   {
-     velocity    realx3 (0.0 0.0 -0.6);
-   }
-   
-   mixture
-   {
-      lightSphere 1; // only lightSphere
-      
-   }
-}
-
-layer3
-{
-   type         cylinderRegion;
-   rate         15000; // (particles/s)
-   startTime    2.1; // (s)
-   endTime      2.6; // (s)
-   interval     0.025; //s  
-
-   cylinderRegionInfo 
-   {
-      radius   0.09;
-      p1 ( 0.0  0.0 0.28 ); // (m,m,m)
-      p2 ( 0.0  0.0 0.29); // (m,m,m)
-   }
-   
-   setFields
-   {
-     velocity   realx3 (0.0 0.0 -0.6);
-   }
-   
-   mixture
-   {
-      heavySphere 1;
-      
-   }
-}
-
-layer4
-{
-   type         cylinderRegion;
-   rate         15000; // (particles/s)
-   startTime    2.8; // (s)
-   endTime      3.3; // (s)
-   interval     0.025; //s  
-
-   cylinderRegionInfo 
-   {
-      radius   0.09;
-      p1 ( 0.0  0.0 0.37 ); // (m,m,m)
-      p2 ( 0.0  0.0 0.38); // (m,m,m)
-   }
-   
-   setFields
-   {
-     velocity    realx3 (0.0 0.0 -0.6);
-   }
-   
-   mixture
-   {
-      lightSphere 1;
-      
-   }
-}
 
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/caseSetup/shapes b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/caseSetup/shapes
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..603c28cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/caseSetup/shapes
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ 
+objectName 	sphereDict;
+objectType 	sphereShape;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+names 		 (lightSphere heavySphere); 	     // names of shapes 
+
+diameters 	             (0.007 0.007);		     // diameter of shapes 
+
+materials	       (lightMat heavyMat);		     // material names for shapes 
+
+
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/settings/domainDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/settings/domainDict
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..1e711f8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/settings/domainDict
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */  
+objectName 	domainDict;
+objectType 	dictionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+globalBox                                        // Simulation domain: every particles that goes outside this domain will be deleted
+{
+	min (-0.11 -0.11 -0.11);
+	
+	max ( 0.11  0.11  0.41);
+}
+
+boundaries
+{
+	// Determines how often (how many iterations) do you want to 
+
+	// rebuild the list of particles in the neighbor list 
+
+	// of all boundaries in the simulation domain 
+
+	neighborListUpdateInterval 30;
+	
+	// Determines how often do you want to update the new changes in the boundary
+
+	updateInterval             10;
+
+	// The distance from the boundary plane within which particles are marked to be in the boundary list 
+
+	neighborLength          0.004;
+
+	left
+	{
+		type exit;	                             // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	right
+	{
+		type exit;                               // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	bottom
+	{
+		type exit;                               // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	top
+	{
+		type exit;                               // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	rear
+	{
+		type exit;                               // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	front
+	{
+		type exit;                               // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+}    
+
+
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/settings/geometryDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/settings/geometryDict
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index fa71f7ba..4c7c9cc1
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/settings/geometryDict
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/settings/geometryDict
@@ -6,47 +6,71 @@ objectName 	geometryDict;
 objectType 	dictionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+motionModel            stationary;               // motion model can be rotatingAxis or stationary or vibrating
 
-// motion model: all surfaces are fixed
-motionModel fixedWall; 
+stationaryInfo
+{
+	
+}
 
 surfaces
 {
-	
 	cylinderShell
 	{
-		type 		cylinderWall;  	// type of the wall
-		p1 			(0.0 0.0 0.0);  // begin point of cylinder axis
-		p2 			(0.0 0.0 0.4);  // end point of cylinder axis
-		radius1 	0.1;		// radius at p1
-		radius2 	0.1;		// radius at p2
-		resolution 	36;      	// number of divisions
-		material 	wallMat;   	// material name of this wall
+		type 		 cylinderWall;  	         // other options: cuboidWall and planeWall
+
+		p1 			(0.0 0.0 0.0);               // begin point of cylinder axis
+
+		p2 			(0.0 0.0 0.4);               // end point of cylinder axis
+
+		radius1 	          0.1;		         // radius at p1
+ 
+		radius2 	          0.1;		         // radius at p2
+
+		resolution 	           36;      	     // number of divisions
+
+		material 	      wallMat;   	         // material name of this wall
 	}
 
 	coneShell
 	{
-		type 		cylinderWall;  	// type of the wall
-		p1 			(0.0 0.0 -0.1);  // begin point of cylinder axis
-		p2 			(0.0 0.0 0.0);  // end point of cylinder axis
-		radius1 	0.02;		// radius at p1
-		radius2 	0.1;		// radius at p2
-		resolution 	36;      	// number of divisions
-		material 	wallMat;   	// material name of this wall
+		type 		 cylinderWall;  	         // other options: cuboidWall and planeWall
+
+		p1 		   (0.0 0.0 -0.1);               // begin point of cylinder axis
+
+		p2 			(0.0 0.0 0.0);               // end point of cylinder axis
+
+		radius1 	         0.02;		         // radius at p1
+
+		radius2 	          0.1;		         // radius at p2
+  
+		resolution 	           36;      	     // number of divisions
+
+		material 	      wallMat;   	         // material name of this wall
 	}
 
 	/*
-	This is a plane wall at the exit of silo
+		This is a plane wall at the exit of silo
 	*/
+
 	exitGate
 	{
-		type planeWall;
-		p1 (-0.02 -0.02 -0.1);
-		p2 ( 0.02 -0.02 -0.1);
-		p3 ( 0.02  0.02 -0.1);
-		p4 (-0.02  0.02 -0.1);
-		material wallMat;
+		type        planeWall;                   // other options: cuboidWall and cylinderWall
+
+		p1 (-0.02 -0.02 -0.1);                   // first point of the wall
+
+		p2 ( 0.02 -0.02 -0.1);                   // second point of the wall
+
+		p3 ( 0.02  0.02 -0.1);                   // third point of the wall
+
+		p4 (-0.02  0.02 -0.1);                   // fourth point of the wall
+		 
+		material      wallMat;                   // material name of the wall 
 	}
-		
 }
 
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/settings/particlesDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/settings/particlesDict
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 8e014c06..4df47975
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/settings/particlesDict
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/settings/particlesDict
@@ -6,27 +6,42 @@ objectName 	particlesDict;
 objectType 	dictionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
 setFields
 {
+	/*
+	    Default value for fields defined for particles
+
+		These fields should always be defined for simulations with 
+
+		spherical particles.
+	*/
+
 	defaultValue 
 	{
-		velocity 		realx3 	(0 0 0); 		// linear velocity (m/s)
-		acceleration 	realx3 	(0 0 0); 		// linear acceleration (m/s2)
-		rotVelocity 	realx3 	(0 0 0);  		// rotational velocity (rad/s)
-		shapeName 		word	lightSphere; 	// name of the particle shape 
+		velocity 		realx3 	    (0 0 0);     // linear velocity (m/s)
+
+		acceleration 	realx3 	    (0 0 0);     // linear acceleration (m/s2)
+
+		rVelocity 		realx3 	    (0 0 0);  	 // rotational velocity (rad/s)
+
+		shapeName 		word	lightSphere; 	 // name of the particle shape 
 	}
 
 	selectors
 	{}
 }
 
-// positions particles 
-positionParticles
+positionParticles                                // positions particles 
 {
-	method empty;     		// creates the required fields with zero particles (empty). 
+	method                empty;                 // other options: ordered and random 
 
-	maxNumberOfParticles 	50000; // maximum number of particles in the simulation
-	mortonSorting 			Yes;    // perform initial sorting based on morton code?   
+	regionType              box;                 // other options: cylinder and sphere  
 
+	boxInfo                                      // box region for positioning particles 
+	{
+		min (-0.08 -0.08 0.015);                 // lower corner point of the box 
+
+		max ( 0.08  0.08 0.098);	             // upper corner point of the box 
+	} 
 }
+
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/settings/settingsDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/settings/settingsDict
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 6f19dd6e..532bba8d
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/settings/settingsDict
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/layeredSiloFilling/settings/settingsDict
@@ -6,35 +6,37 @@ objectName 	settingsDict;
 objectType 	dictionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+run   layerdSiloFilling;
 
-run 			layerdSiloFilling;
+dt 				0.00001; 	                     // time step for integration (s)
 
-dt 				0.00001; 	// time step for integration (s)
+startTime 		    0.0; 		                 // start time for simulation 
 
-startTime 		0; 			// start time for simulation 
+endTime 		    5.0;	                     // end time for simulation 
 
-endTime 		5;	 		// end time for simulation 
+saveInterval 	   0.05; 		                 // time interval for saving the simulation
 
-saveInterval 	0.05; 		// time interval for saving the simulation
+timePrecision         6;	                     // maximum number of digits for time folder 
 
-timePrecision   6;			// maximum number of digits for time folder 
+g 			 (0 0 -9.8);                         // gravity vector (m/s2) 
 
-g 				(0 0 -9.8); // gravity vector (m/s2) 
+// save data objects that are not automatically saved on disk.
 
-/*
-	Simulation domain 
-	every particles that goes outside this domain is deleted.
-*/
-domain 
-{
-	min (-0.1 -0.1 -0.1);
-	max ( 0.1  0.1  0.40);
-}
+// overrides the default behavior 
 
-integrationMethod 		AdamsBashforth3; 	// integration method 
+includeObjects (diameter);    
+
+// exclude unnecessary data from saving on disk
+
+excludeObjects (rVelocity.dy1 pStructPosition.dy1 pStructVelocity.dy1); 
+
+integrationMethod 		AdamsBashforth2; 	      // integration method 
+
+writeFormat				          ascii;          // data writting format (ascii or binary)
+
+timersReport 			            Yes;  	      // report timers
+
+timersReportInterval   	           0.01;	      // time interval for reporting timers
 
-writeFormat				ascii;
 
-timersReport 			Yes;  	// report timers?
 
-timersReportInterval   	0.01;	// time interval for reporting timers
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/caseSetup/interaction b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/caseSetup/interaction
index 3a744122..31c38686 100755
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/caseSetup/interaction
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/caseSetup/interaction
@@ -6,60 +6,56 @@ objectName interaction;
 objectType dicrionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+materials        (glassMat wallMat);                       // a list of materials names
 
-materials   (glassMat wallMat); // a list of materials names
-densities   (2500.0 2500);      // density of materials [kg/m3]
+densities             (2500.0 2500);                       // density of materials [kg/m3]
 
 contactListType   sortedContactList;
 
-model
-{
-   contactForceModel nonLinearLimited;
-   rollingFrictionModel normal;
-
-   /*
-   Property (glassMat-glassMat      glassMat-wallMat
-                                    wallMat-wallMat);
-   */
-
-   Yeff (1.0e6 1.0e6  // Young modulus [Pa]
-               1.0e6);
-   
-   Geff (0.8e6 0.8e6  // Shear modulus [Pa]
-               0.8e6);
-
-   nu    (0.25 0.25  // Poisson's ratio [-]
-               0.25);
-
-   en (0.97  0.85   // coefficient of normal restitution
-             1.00);
-
-   et (1.0   1.0    // coefficient of tangential restitution 
-             1.0);
-
-   mu (0.65  0.65   // dynamic friction 
-             0.65);
-
-   mur (0.1  0.1    // rolling friction 
-             0.1);
-        
-}
-
 contactSearch
 {
-   method         NBS;           // method for broad search particle-particle
-   wallMapping    cellMapping;   // method for broad search particle-wall 
+  
+   method          NBS;                                    // method for broad search 
+    
+   updateInterval   10;
 
-   NBSInfo
-   {
-      updateFrequency 20;        // each 20 timesteps, update neighbor list 
-      sizeRatio      1.1;        // bounding box size to particle diameter (max)
-   }
+   sizeRatio       1.1;
 
-   cellMappingInfo
-   {
-      updateFrequency 20;        // each 20 timesteps, update neighbor list  
-      cellExtent     0.6;        // bounding box for particle-wall search (> 0.5)
-   }
+   cellExtent     0.55;
+
+   adjustableBox   Yes;
+} 
+
+model
+{
+   contactForceModel    nonLinearLimited;
+
+   rollingFrictionModel           normal;
+
+   /*
+      Property (glassMat-glassMat      glassMat-wallMat
+                                       wallMat-wallMat);
+   */
+
+   Yeff (1.0e6 1.0e6  
+               1.0e6);                                     // Young modulus [Pa]
+   
+   Geff (0.8e6 0.8e6  
+               0.8e6);                                     // Shear modulus [Pa]
+
+   nu    (0.25  0.25  
+                0.25);                                     // Poisson's ratio [-]
+
+   en (0.97     0.85   
+                1.00);                                     // coefficient of normal restitution
+
+   et (1.0       1.0    
+                 1.0);                                     // coefficient of tangential restitution 
+
+   mu (0.65     0.65   
+                0.65);                                     // dynamic friction 
+
+   mur (0.1      0.1    
+                 0.1);                                     // rolling friction        
+}
 
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/caseSetup/particleInsertion b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/caseSetup/particleInsertion
index 76835952..89c11e40 100755
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/caseSetup/particleInsertion
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/caseSetup/particleInsertion
@@ -6,9 +6,7 @@ objectName particleInsertion;
 objectType dicrionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+active         No;                                      // is checked          -> Yes or No
 
-active  no;          // is insertion active?
-
-collisionCheck No;   // not implemented for yes
-
+collisionCheck No;                                      // is insertion active -> Yes or No
 
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/caseSetup/shapes b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/caseSetup/shapes
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..18d70fc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/caseSetup/shapes
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ 
+objectName 	sphereDict;
+objectType 	sphereShape;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+names 		(glassBead); 	                               // names of shapes 
+
+diameters 	    (0.003);		                           // diameter of shapes 
+
+materials	 (glassMat);		                           // material names for shapes 
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/settings/domainDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/settings/domainDict
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..a6bb5701
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/settings/domainDict
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */  
+objectName 	domainDict;
+objectType 	dictionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+globalBox                                        // Simulation domain: every particles that goes outside this domain will be deleted
+{
+		min (-0.12 -0.12 0);
+
+	    max (0.12   0.12 0.36);                  // upper corner point of the box 
+}
+
+decomposition
+{
+	direction z;
+}
+
+boundaries
+{
+	
+
+	neighborListUpdateInterval     50;           /* Determines how often (how many iterations) do you want to 
+
+	                                                rebuild the list of particles in the neighbor list 
+
+	                                                of all boundaries in the simulation domain        */
+
+	updateInterval                 10;           // Determines how often do you want to update the new changes in the boundary
+
+	neighborLength              0.004;           // The distance from the boundary plane within which particles are marked to be in the boundary list
+
+	left
+	{
+		type     exit;	                         // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	right
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	bottom
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	top
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	rear
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	front
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/settings/geometryDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/settings/geometryDict
index b2c6fa26..0a331437 100644
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/settings/geometryDict
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/settings/geometryDict
@@ -6,65 +6,87 @@ objectName 	geometryDict;
 objectType 	dictionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+motionModel rotatingAxis;                  // motion model: rotating object around an axis
 
-// motion model: rotating object around an axis
-motionModel rotatingAxisMotion; 
+
+rotatingAxisInfo                           // information for rotatingAxisMotion motion model 
+{
+	rotAxis 
+	{
+		p1 (0.0 0.0 0.0);	                     // first point for the axis of rotation 
+
+		p2 (0.0 0.0 1.0);	                     // second point for the axis of rotation
+
+		omega      1.214; 		                 // rotation speed (rad/s) => 11.6 rpm
+	}
+}
 
 surfaces
 {
 	/*
-	    A cylinder with begin and end radii 0.12 m and axis points at (0 0 0) 
-	and (0 0 0.36)
+	    A cylinder with begin and end radii 0.12 m and axis points at (0 0 0) and (0 0 0.36)
 	*/
+
 	cylinder
 	{
-		type cylinderWall;  // type of the wall
-		p1 (0.0 0.0 0.0);   // begin point of cylinder axis
-		p2 (0.0 0.0 0.36);  // end point of cylinder axis
-		radius1 0.12;		// radius at p1
-		radius2 0.12;		// radius at p2
-		resolution 24;      // number of divisions
-		material wallMat;   // material name of this wall
-		motion rotAxis;		// motion component name 
+		type cylinderWall;                       // type of the wall
+
+		p1  (0.0 0.0 0.0);                       // begin point of cylinder axis
+
+		p2 (0.0 0.0 0.36);                       // end point of cylinder axis
+
+		radius1      0.12;		                 // radius at p1
+
+		radius2      0.12;		                 // radius at p2
+
+		resolution     24;                       // number of divisions
+
+		material  wallMat;                       // material name of this wall
+
+		motion    rotAxis;		                 // motion component name 
 	}
 
 	/*
-	This is a plane wall at the rear end of cylinder
+		This is a plane wall at the rear end of cylinder
 	*/
+
 	wall1
 	{
-		type planeWall;			// type of the wall
-		p1 (-0.12 -0.12 0.0);	// first point of the wall
-		p2 ( 0.12 -0.12 0.0);   // second point
-		p3 ( 0.12  0.12 0.0);   // third point
-		p4 (-0.12  0.12 0.0);   // fourth point 
-		material wallMat;       // material name of the wall  
-		motion rotAxis;			// motion component name 
+		type       planeWall;			         // type of the wall
+
+		p1 (-0.12 -0.12 0.0);	                 // first point of the wall
+
+		p2 ( 0.12 -0.12 0.0);                    // second point
+
+		p3 ( 0.12  0.12 0.0);                    // third point
+
+		p4 (-0.12  0.12 0.0);                    // fourth point 
+
+		material     wallMat;                    // material name of the wall  
+
+		motion       rotAxis;			         // motion component name 
 	}
 
 	/*
-	This is a plane wall at the front end of cylinder
+		This is a plane wall at the front end of cylinder
 	*/
+
 	wall2
 	{
-		type planeWall;
-		p1 (-0.12 -0.12 0.36);
-		p2 ( 0.12 -0.12 0.36);
-		p3 ( 0.12  0.12 0.36);
-		p4 (-0.12  0.12 0.36);
-		material wallMat;
-		motion rotAxis;
+		type        planeWall;                   // type of the wall
+
+		p1 (-0.12 -0.12 0.36);                   // first point of the wall
+
+		p2 ( 0.12 -0.12 0.36);                   // second point
+
+		p3 ( 0.12  0.12 0.36);                   // third point
+
+		p4 (-0.12  0.12 0.36);                   // fourth point 
+
+		material      wallMat;                   // material name of the wall  
+
+		motion        rotAxis;                   // motion component name 
 	}
 		
 }
 
-// information for rotatingAxisMotion motion model 
-rotatingAxisMotionInfo
-{
-	rotAxis 
-	{
-		p1 (0.0 0.0 0.0);	// first point for the axis of rotation 
-		p2 (0.0 0.0 1.0);	// second point for the axis of rotation
-		omega 1.214; 		// rotation speed (rad/s) => 11.6 rpm
-	}
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/settings/particlesDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/settings/particlesDict
index e6e5c7eb..b733f6e5 100644
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/settings/particlesDict
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/settings/particlesDict
@@ -6,53 +6,75 @@ objectName 	particlesDict;
 objectType 	dictionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
 setFields
 {
 	/*
 	    Default value for fields defined for particles
-	These fields should always be defined for simulations with 
-	spherical particles.
+		These fields should always be defined for simulations with 
+		spherical particles
 	*/
 
 	defaultValue 
 	{
-		velocity 		realx3 	(0 0 0); // linear velocity (m/s)
-		acceleration 	realx3 	(0 0 0); // linear acceleration (m/s2)
-		rotVelocity 	realx3 	(0 0 0); // rotational velocity (rad/s)
-		shapeName 		word	glassBead; // name of the particle shape 
+		velocity 		realx3 	  (0 0 0);       // linear velocity (m/s)
+
+		acceleration 	realx3 	  (0 0 0);       // linear acceleration (m/s2)
+
+		rVelocity 		realx3 	  (0 0 0);       // rotational velocity (rad/s)
+
+		shapeName 		word	glassBead;       // name of the particle shape 
 	}
 
 	selectors
-	{}
+	{
+		shapeAssigne
+		{
+			selector 	stridedRange; 	         // other options: box, cylinder, sphere, randomPoints 
+ 
+			stridedRangeInfo
+			{
+				begin 	    0;			         // begin index of points
+
+				end 	250000;		 			 // end index of points 
+
+				stride      3;			 		 // stride for selector 
+			}
+
+			fieldValue  					     // fields that the selector is applied to 
+			{
+				shapeName 	word    glassBead; // sets shapeName of the selected points to largeSphere
+			}
+		}
+	}
 }
 
-// positions particles 
-positionParticles
+positionParticles                                // positions particles 
 {
-	method positionOrdered;     		// ordered positioning
+	method ordered;     		                 // other options: random and empty
 
-	maxNumberOfParticles 	250001; // maximum number of particles in the simulation
-	mortonSorting 			Yes;    // perform initial sorting based on morton code?   
+	//maxNumberOfParticles 	250001;              // maximum number of particles in the simulation
 
-	box  // box for positioning particles 
+	//mortonSorting 			   Yes;              // perform initial sorting based on morton code?   
+
+	orderedInfo
 	{
-		min (-0.08 -0.08 0.0);    // lower corner point of the box 
-		max ( 0.08  0.08 0.36);	// upper corner point of the box 
-	}
-	
-	positionOrderedInfo
-	{
-		diameter 0.003; 	// minimum space between centers of particles
-		numPoints 250000; 	// number of particles in the simulation 
-		axisOrder (z y x);  // axis order for filling the space with particles
+		diameter 0.003; 						 // minimum space between centers of particles
+
+		numPoints 250000; 	                     // number of particles in the simulation 
+
+		axisOrder (z y x);                       // axis order for filling the space with particles
 	}
 
-	positionRandomInfo
+	regionType cylinder;                         // other options: box and sphere  
+
+	cylinderInfo  				                 // cylinder information for positioning particles 
 	{
-		diameter 0.003; 	// minimum space between centers of particles
-		numPoints 250000; 	// number of particles in the simulation 
-		maxIterations 40;   // max number of contact search passes to position particles	
+		p1 (0.0 0.003 0.0); 	                 // begin point of cylinder axis
+
+		p2 (0.0 0.22 0.0);		                 // end point of cylinder axis
+
+		radius 		0.117;		                 // radius of cylinder 
 	}
 
+
 }
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/settings/settingsDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/settings/settingsDict
index aedf2a89..3a163322 100644
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/settings/settingsDict
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumMedium/settings/settingsDict
@@ -6,35 +6,34 @@ objectName 	settingsDict;
 objectType 	dictionary;;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
 run 			rotatingDrumMedium;
 
-dt 				0.00001; 	// time step for integration (s)
+dt 				           0.00001; 	         // time step for integration (s)
 
-startTime 		0; 			// start time for simulation 
+startTime 		                 0; 			 // start time for simulation 
 
-endTime 		10; 		// end time for simulation 
+endTime 		                10; 		     // end time for simulation 
 
-saveInterval 	0.1; 		// time interval for saving the simulation
+saveInterval 	               0.1; 		     // time interval for saving the simulation
 
-timePrecision   6;			// maximum number of digits for time folder 
+timePrecision                    6;			     // maximum number of digits for time folder 
 
-g 				(0 -9.8 0); // gravity vector (m/s2) 
+g 				        (0 -9.8 0);              // gravity vector (m/s2) 
 
 /*
 	Simulation domain 
 	every particles that goes outside this domain is deleted.
 */
-domain 
-{
-	min (-0.12 -0.12 0);
-	max (0.12   0.12 0.36);
-}
 
-integrationMethod 		AdamsBashforth3; 	// integration method 
+includeObjects (diameter);                       // save necessary (i.e., required) data on disk
 
-writeFormat				binary;
+// exclude unnecessary data from saving on disk
+excludeObjects (rVelocity.dy1 pStructPosition.dy1 pStructVelocity.dy1); 
 
-timersReport 			Yes;  	// report timers?
+integrationMethod 		AdamsBashforth2; 	     // integration method 
 
-timersReportInterval   	0.01;	// time interval for reporting timers
+writeFormat				binary;                  // data writting format (ascii or binary)
+
+timersReport 			Yes;  	                 // report timers?
+
+timersReportInterval   	0.01;	                 // time interval for reporting timers
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/caseSetup/interaction b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/caseSetup/interaction
index 32800a5c..3923f1d4 100755
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/caseSetup/interaction
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/caseSetup/interaction
@@ -6,48 +6,44 @@ objectName interaction;
 objectType dicrionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+materials                   (prop1);             // a list of materials names
 
-materials      (prop1);    // a list of materials names
-densities      (1000.0);   // density of materials [kg/m3]
+densities                  (1000.0);             // density of materials [kg/m3]
 
 contactListType   sortedContactList; 
 
-model
-{
-   contactForceModel nonLinearNonLimited;
-   rollingFrictionModel normal;
-
-   Yeff  (1.0e6);       // Young modulus [Pa]
-
-   Geff  (0.8e6);       // Shear modulus [Pa]
-
-   nu    (0.25);        // Poisson's ratio [-]
-
-   en    (0.7);         // coefficient of normal restitution
-
-   et    (1.0);         // coefficient of tangential restitution 
-
-   mu    (0.3);         // dynamic friction 
-
-   mur   (0.1);         // rolling friction 
-        
-}
-
 contactSearch
 {
-   method         NBS;           // method for broad search particle-particle
-   wallMapping    cellMapping;   // method for broad search particle-wall 
+  
+   method          NBS;                          // method for broad search 
+    
+   updateInterval   10;
 
-   NBSInfo
-   {
-      updateFrequency 20;        // each 20 timesteps, update neighbor list 
-      sizeRatio      1.1;        // bounding box size to particle diameter (max)
-   }
+   sizeRatio       1.1;
 
-   cellMappingInfo
-   {
-      updateFrequency 20;        // each 20 timesteps, update neighbor list  
-      cellExtent     0.7;        // bounding box for particle-wall search (> 0.5)
-   }
+   cellExtent     0.55;
+
+   adjustableBox   Yes;
+} 
+
+model
+{
+   contactForceModel    nonLinearNonLimited;
+
+   rollingFrictionModel              normal;
+
+   Yeff  (1.0e6);                                // Young modulus [Pa]
+
+   Geff  (0.8e6);                                // Shear modulus [Pa]
+
+   nu    (0.25);                                 // Poisson's ratio [-]
+
+   en    (0.7);                                  // coefficient of normal restitution
+
+   et    (1.0);                                  // coefficient of tangential restitution 
+
+   mu    (0.3);                                  // dynamic friction 
+
+   mur   (0.1);                                  // rolling friction      
+}
 
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/caseSetup/particleInsertion b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/caseSetup/particleInsertion
index 76835952..cabe23da 100755
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/caseSetup/particleInsertion
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/caseSetup/particleInsertion
@@ -6,9 +6,8 @@ objectName particleInsertion;
 objectType dicrionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+active         No;                               // is insertion active -> Yes or No
 
-active  no;          // is insertion active?
-
-collisionCheck No;   // not implemented for yes
+collisionCheck No;                               // is checked          -> Yes or No
 
 
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/caseSetup/shapes b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/caseSetup/shapes
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..30ddfb1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/caseSetup/shapes
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ 
+objectName 	sphereDict;
+objectType 	sphereShape;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+names 		(sphere1); 	                         // names of shapes 
+
+diameters 	  (0.004);	                         // diameter of shapes 
+
+materials	  (prop1);	                         // material names for shapes 
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/settings/domainDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/settings/domainDict
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..a9f3e185
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/settings/domainDict
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */  
+objectName 	domainDict;
+objectType 	dictionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+globalBox                                        // Simulation domain: every particles that goes outside this domain will be deleted
+{
+		min (-0.12 -0.12 0.00);                  // lower corner point of the box 
+
+	    max (0.12   0.12 0.11);                  // upper corner point of the box 
+}
+
+decomposition
+{
+	direction z;
+}
+
+boundaries
+{
+	
+
+	neighborListUpdateInterval     50;           /* Determines how often (how many iterations) do you want to 
+
+	                                                rebuild the list of particles in the neighbor list 
+
+	                                                of all boundaries in the simulation domain        */
+
+	updateInterval                 10;           // Determines how often do you want to update the new changes in the boundary
+
+	neighborLength              0.004;           // The distance from the boundary plane within which particles are marked to be in the boundary list
+
+	left
+	{
+		type     exit;	                         // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	right
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	bottom
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	top
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	rear
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	front
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/settings/geometryDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/settings/geometryDict
index 46d4025b..d1a55c1f 100644
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/settings/geometryDict
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/settings/geometryDict
@@ -6,66 +6,85 @@ objectName 	geometryDict;
 objectType 	dictionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+motionModel rotatingAxis; 
 
-// motion model: rotating object around an axis
-motionModel rotatingAxisMotion; 
+rotatingAxisInfo                                 // information for rotatingAxisMotion motion model 
+{
+	rotAxis 
+	{
+		p1 (0.0 0.0 0.0);	                     // first point for the axis of rotation 
+
+		p2 (0.0 0.0 1.0);	                     // second point for the axis of rotation
+
+		omega      1.214; 		                 // rotation speed (rad/s)
+	}
+}
 
 surfaces
 {
 	/*
-	    A cylinder with begin and end radii 0.12 m and axis points at (0 0 0) 
-	and (0 0 0.1)
+	    A cylinder with begin and end radii 0.12 m and axis points at (0 0 0) and (0 0 0.1)
 	*/
+
 	cylinder
 	{
-		type cylinderWall;  // type of the wall
-		p1 (0.0 0.0 0.0);   // begin point of cylinder axis
-		p2 (0.0 0.0 0.1);   // end point of cylinder axis
-		radius1 0.12;		// radius at p1
-		radius2 0.12;		// radius at p2
-		resolution 24;      // number of divisions
-		material prop1;     // material name of this wall
-		motion rotAxis;		// motion component name 
+		type cylinderWall;                       // type of the wall
+
+		p1  (0.0 0.0 0.0);                       // begin point of cylinder axis
+
+		p2  (0.0 0.0 0.1);                       // end point of cylinder axis
+
+		radius1      0.12;		                 // radius at p1
+
+		radius2      0.12;		                 // radius at p2
+
+		resolution     24;                       // number of divisions
+
+		material    prop1;                       // material name of this wall
+
+		motion    rotAxis;		                 // motion component name 
 	}
 
 	/*
-	This is a plane wall at the rear end of cylinder
+		This is a plane wall at the rear end of cylinder
 	*/
+
 	wall1
 	{
-		type planeWall;			// type of the wall
-		p1 (-0.12 -0.12 0.0);	// first point of the wall
-		p2 ( 0.12 -0.12 0.0);   // second point
-		p3 ( 0.12  0.12 0.0);   // third point
-		p4 (-0.12  0.12 0.0);   // fourth point 
-		material prop1;         // material name of the wall  
-		motion rotAxis;			// motion component name 
+		type       planeWall;			         // type of the wall
+
+		p1 (-0.12 -0.12 0.0);	                 // first point of the wall
+
+		p2 ( 0.12 -0.12 0.0);                    // second point
+
+		p3 ( 0.12  0.12 0.0);                    // third point
+
+		p4 (-0.12  0.12 0.0);                    // fourth point 
+
+		material       prop1;                    // material name of the wall
+
+		motion       rotAxis;			         // motion component name 
 	}
 
 	/*
-	This is a plane wall at the front end of cylinder
+		This is a plane wall at the front end of cylinder
 	*/
+
 	wall2
 	{
-		type planeWall;
-		p1 (-0.12 -0.12 0.1);
-		p2 ( 0.12 -0.12 0.1);
-		p3 ( 0.12  0.12 0.1);
-		p4 (-0.12  0.12 0.1);
-		material prop1;
-		motion rotAxis;
+		type       planeWall;                    // type of the wall
+
+		p1 (-0.12 -0.12 0.1);                    // first point of the wall
+
+		p2 ( 0.12 -0.12 0.1);                    // second point
+
+		p3 ( 0.12  0.12 0.1);                    // third point
+
+		p4 (-0.12  0.12 0.1);                    // fourth point 
+
+		material       prop1;                    // material name of the wall
+
+		motion       rotAxis;                    // motion component name 
 	}
-		
-	
 }
 
-// information for rotatingAxisMotion motion model 
-rotatingAxisMotionInfo
-{
-	rotAxis 
-	{
-		p1 (0.0 0.0 0.0);	// first point for the axis of rotation 
-		p2 (0.0 0.0 1.0);	// second point for the axis of rotation
-		omega 1.214; 		// rotation speed (rad/s)
-	}
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/settings/particlesDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/settings/particlesDict
index 4ad57c22..21403626 100644
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/settings/particlesDict
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/settings/particlesDict
@@ -6,45 +6,70 @@ objectName 	particlesDict;
 objectType 	dictionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
 setFields
 {
 	/*
 	    Default value for fields defined for particles
-	These fields should always be defined for simulations with 
-	spherical particles.
+
+		These fields should always be defined for simulations with 
+
+		spherical particles.
 	*/
 
 	defaultValue 
 	{
-		velocity 		realx3 	(0 0 0); // linear velocity (m/s)
-		acceleration 	realx3 	(0 0 0); // linear acceleration (m/s2)
-		rotVelocity 	realx3 	(0 0 0); // rotational velocity (rad/s)
-		shapeName 		word	sphere1; // name of the particle shape 
+		velocity 		realx3 	(0 0 0);         // linear velocity (m/s)
+
+		acceleration 	realx3 	(0 0 0);         // linear acceleration (m/s2)
+
+		rVelocity 		realx3 	(0 0 0);         // rotational velocity (rad/s)
+
+		shapeName 		word	sphere1;         // name of the particle shape 
 	}
 
 	selectors
-	{}
+	{
+		shapeAssigne
+		{
+			selector 	stridedRange; 	         // other options: box, cylinder, sphere, randomPoints 
+ 
+			stridedRangeInfo
+			{
+				begin 	    0;			         // begin index of points
+
+				end 	30000;		 			 // end index of points 
+
+				stride      3;			 		 // stride for selector 
+			}
+
+			fieldValue  					     // fields that the selector is applied to 
+			{
+				shapeName 	word    sphere1;     // sets shapeName of the selected points to largeSphere
+			}
+		}
 }
 
-// positions particles 
-positionParticles
+positionParticles                                // positions particles 
 {
-	method positionOrdered;     // ordered positioning
+	method ordered;     		                 // other options: random and empty
 
-	maxNumberOfParticles 40000; // maximum number of particles in the simulation
-	mortonSorting Yes;          // perform initial sorting based on morton code?   
+	mortonSorting 			   Yes;              // perform initial sorting based on morton code?   
 
-	box  // box for positioning particles 
+	orderedInfo
 	{
-		min (-0.08 -0.08 0.015);    // lower corner point of the box 
-		max ( 0.08  0.08 0.098);	// upper corner point of the box 
+		diameter  0.004; 						 // minimum space between centers of particles
+
+		numPoints 30000; 	                     // number of particles in the simulation 
+
+		axisOrder (z y x);                       // axis order for filling the space with particles
 	}
 
-	positionOrderedInfo
+	regionType box;                              // other options: cylinder and sphere  
+
+	boxInfo  				                     // box information for positioning particles 
 	{
-		diameter 0.004; 	// minimum space between centers of particles
-		numPoints 30000; 	// number of particles in the simulation 
-		axisOrder (z y x);  // axis order for filling the space with particles
+		min (-0.08 -0.08 0.015);                 // lower corner point of the box 
+
+		max ( 0.08  0.08 0.098);	             // upper corner point of the box 
 	}
 }
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/settings/settingsDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/settings/settingsDict
index 7611fd2b..796e1a1a 100644
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/settings/settingsDict
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/rotatingDrumSmall/settings/settingsDict
@@ -6,35 +6,29 @@ objectName 	settingsDict;
 objectType 	dictionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+run   rotatingDrumSmall;
 
-run 			rotatingDrumSmall;
+dt 				0.00001; 	                     // time step for integration (s)
 
-dt 				0.00001; 	// time step for integration (s)
+startTime 		      0; 			             // start time for simulation 
 
-startTime 		0; 			// start time for simulation 
+endTime 		     10; 		                 // end time for simulation 
 
-endTime 		10; 		// end time for simulation 
+saveInterval 	    0.1; 		                 // time interval for saving the simulation
 
-saveInterval 	0.1; 		// time interval for saving the simulation
+timePrecision         6;			             // maximum number of digits for time folder 
 
-timePrecision   6;			// maximum number of digits for time folder 
+g 			 (0 -9.8 0);                         // gravity vector (m/s2) 
 
-g 				(0 -9.8 0); // gravity vector (m/s2) 
+includeObjects (diameter);                       // save necessary (i.e., required) data on disk
 
-/*
-	Simulation domain 
-	every particles that goes outside this domain is deleted.
-*/
-domain 
-{
-	min (-0.12 -0.12 0);
-	max (0.12   0.12 0.11);
-}
+// exclude unnecessary data from saving on disk
+excludeObjects (rVelocity.dy1 pStructPosition.dy1 pStructVelocity.dy1); 
 
-integrationMethod 		AdamsBashforth2; 	// integration method 
+integrationMethod 		AdamsBashforth2; 	     // integration method 
 
-writeFormat				ascii;
+writeFormat				          ascii;         // data writting format (ascii or binary)
 
-timersReport 			Yes;  	// report timers?
+timersReport 			            Yes;  	     // report timers (Yes or No)
 
-timersReportInterval   	0.01;	// time interval for reporting timers
+timersReportInterval   	           0.01;	     // time interval for reporting timers
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/README.md b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d167e61c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+# Simulating a screw conveyor {#screwConveyor}
+## Problem definition
+The problem is to simulate a screw conveyorwith the diameter 0.2 m and the length 1 m and 20 cm pitch. It is filled with 30,000 4-mm spherical particles. The timestep for integration is 0.00001 s.
+<div align="center"><b>
+a view of rotating drum
+
+![]()
+</b></div>
+
+***
+
+## Setting up the case 
+PhasicFlow simulation case setup is based on the text-based scripts that we provide in two folders located in the simulation case folder: `settings` and `caseSetup` (You can find the case setup files in the above folders.
+All the commands should be entered in the terminal while the current working directory is the simulation case folder (at the top of the `caseSetup` and `settings`).
+ 
+
+### Creating particles
+
+Open the file  `settings/particlesDict`. Two dictionaries, `positionParticles` and `setFields` position particles and set the field values for the particles. 
+In dictionary `positionParticles`, the positioning `method` is `positionOrdered`, which position particles in order in the space defined by `box`. `box` space is defined by two corner points `min` and `max`. In dictionary `positionOrderedInfo`, `numPoints` defines number of particles; `diameter`, the distance between two adjacent particles, and `axisOrder` defines the axis order for filling the space by particles. 
+
+<div align="center"> 
+in <b>settings/particlesDict</b> file
+</div>
+
+```C++
+positionParticles
+{
+	method empty;     		// creates the required fields with zero particles (empty). 
+
+	maxNumberOfParticles 	50000; // maximum number of particles in the simulation
+	mortonSorting 			Yes;    // perform initial sorting based on morton code?   
+
+}
+```
+
+Enter the following command in the terminal to create the particles and store them in `0` folder.
+
+`> particlesPhasicFlow`
+ 
+### Creating geometry
+In file `settings/geometryDict` , you can provide information for creating geometry. Each simulation should have a `motionModel` that defines a model for moving the surfaces in the simulation. `rotatingAxisMotion` model defines a fixed axis which rotates around itself. The dictionary `rotAxis` defines an motion component with `p1` and `p2` as the end points of the axis and `omega` as the rotation speed in rad/s. You can define more than one motion component in a simulation. 
+
+<div align="center"> 
+in <b>settings/geometryDict</b> file
+</div>
+
+```C++
+motionModel rotatingAxisMotion; 
+.
+.
+.
+rotatingAxisMotionInfo
+{
+	rotAxis 
+	{
+		p1 (1.09635 0.2010556 0.22313511);	// first point for the axis of rotation 
+		p2 (0.0957492 0.201556 0.22313511);	// second point for the axis of rotation
+		omega 3; 		// rotation speed (rad/s)
+		startTime 5;
+		endTime 30;
+	}
+}
+
+```
+In the dictionary `surfaces` you can define all the surfaces (shell) in the simulation. Two main options are available: built-in geometries in PhasicFlow, and providing surfaces with stl file. Here we use built-in geometries. In `cylinder` dictionary, a cylindrical shell with end helix, `material` name `prop1`, `motion` component `none` is defined. `helix` define  plane helix at center of  cylindrical shell, `material` name `prop1` and `motion` component `rotAxis`.'rotAxis' is use for helix because it is rotating and 'none' is use for shell because It is motionless.
+
+<div align="center"> 
+in <b>settings/geometryDict</b> file
+</div>
+
+```C++
+surfaces
+{
+	helix
+	{
+		type 	 stlWall;  	// type of the wall
+		file 	 helix.stl;	// file name in stl folder		
+		material prop1;   // material name of this wall
+		motion 	 rotAxis;	// motion component name 
+	}
+
+	shell
+	{
+		type 	 stlWall;  	// type of the wall
+		file 	 shell.stl;	// file name in stl folder		
+		material prop1;   // material name of this wall
+		motion 	 none;		// motion component name 
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+Enter the following command in the terminal to create the geometry and store it in `0/geometry` folder.
+
+`> geometryPhasicFlow`
+
+### Defining properties and interactions 
+In the file `caseSetup/interaction` , you find properties of materials. `materials` defines a list of material names in the simulation and `densities` sets the corresponding density of each material name. model dictionary defines the interaction model for particle-particle and particle-wall interactions. `contactForceModel` selects the model for mechanical contacts (here nonlinear model with limited tangential displacement) and `rollingFrictionModel` selects the model for calculating rolling friction. Other required prosperities should be defined in this dictionary. 
+
+<div align="center"> 
+in <b>caseSetup/interaction</b> file
+</div>
+
+```C++
+materials      (prop1);    // a list of materials names
+densities      (1000.0);   // density of materials [kg/m3]
+
+contactListType   sortedContactList; 
+
+model
+{
+   contactForceModel nonLinearNonLimited;
+   rollingFrictionModel normal;
+
+   Yeff  (1.0e6);       // Young modulus [Pa]
+
+   Geff  (0.8e6);       // Shear modulus [Pa]
+
+   nu    (0.25);        // Poisson's ratio [-]
+
+   en    (0.7);         // coefficient of normal restitution
+
+   et    (1.0);         // coefficient of tangential restitution 
+
+   mu    (0.3);         // dynamic friction 
+
+   mur   (0.1);         // rolling friction 
+        
+}
+```
+
+Dictionary `contactSearch` sets the methods for particle-particle and particle-wall contact search. `method` specifies the algorithm for finding neighbor list for particle-particle contacts and `wallMapping` shows how particles are mapped onto walls for finding neighbor list for particle-wall contacts. `updateFrequency` sets the frequency for updating neighbor list and `sizeRatio` sets the size of enlarged cells (with respect to particle diameter) for finding neighbor list. Larger `sizeRatio` include more particles in the neighbor list and you require to update it less frequent. 
+
+<div align="center"> 
+in <b>caseSetup/interaction</b> file
+</div>
+
+```C++
+contactSearch
+{
+   method         NBS;           // method for broad search particle-particle
+   wallMapping    cellMapping;   // method for broad search particle-wall 
+
+   NBSInfo
+   {
+      updateFrequency 10;        // each 20 timesteps, update neighbor list 
+      sizeRatio      1.1;        // bounding box size to particle diameter (max)
+   }
+
+   cellMappingInfo
+   {
+      updateFrequency 10;        // each 20 timesteps, update neighbor list  
+      cellExtent     0.6;        // bounding box for particle-wall search (> 0.5)
+   }
+
+}
+```
+
+In the file `caseSetup/sphereShape`, you can define a list of `names` for shapes (`shapeName` in particle field), a list of diameters for shapes and their `properties` names. 
+
+<div align="center"> 
+in <b>caseSetup/sphereShape</b> file
+</div>
+
+```C++
+names 		(sphere1); 	// names of shapes 
+diameters 	(0.01);	        // diameter of shapes 
+materials	(prop1);	// material names for shapes 
+```
+
+Other settings for the simulation can be set in file `settings/settingsDict`. The dictionary `domain` defines the a rectangular bounding box with two corner points for the simulation. Each particle that gets out of this box, will be deleted automatically. 
+
+<div align="center"> 
+in <b>settings/settingsDict</b> file
+</div>
+
+```C++
+dt 		0.0001; 	// time step for integration (s)
+startTime 	0; 		// start time for simulation 
+endTime 	20;	 	// end time for simulation 
+saveInterval 	0.05; 		// time interval for saving the simulation
+timePrecision   6;		// maximum number of digits for time folder 
+g 		(0 -9.8 0);     // gravity vector (m/s2) 
+
+domain 
+{
+	min (0.0 -0.06 0.001);
+	max (1.2 1 0.5);
+}
+
+integrationMethod 		AdamsBashforth3; 	// integration method 
+
+timersReport 			Yes;  	                // report timers?
+
+timersReportInterval    	0.01;	                // time interval for reporting timers
+```
+
+## Running the case 
+The solver for this simulation is `sphereGranFlow`. Enter the following command in the terminal. Depending on the computational power, it may take a few minutes to a few hours to complete. 
+
+`> sphereGranFlow`
+
+## Post processing 
+After finishing the simulation, you can render the results in Paraview. To convert the results to VTK format, just enter the following command in the terminal. This will converts all the results (particles and geometry) to VTK format and store them in folder `VTK/`. 
+
+`> pFlowToVTK`
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/caseSetup/interaction b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/caseSetup/interaction
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..6835299c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/caseSetup/interaction
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ 
+objectName interaction;
+objectType dicrionary;
+fileFormat 	ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+materials       (prop1);                         // a list of materials names
+
+densities      (1000.0);                         // density of materials [kg/m3]
+
+contactListType   sortedContactList; 
+
+contactSearch
+{
+    method         NBS;                          // method for broad search 
+    
+   updateInterval   10;
+
+   sizeRatio       1.1;
+
+   cellExtent     0.55;
+
+   adjustableBox   Yes;     
+}
+
+model
+{
+   contactForceModel  nonLinearNonLimited;
+
+   rollingFrictionModel            normal;
+
+   Yeff  (1.0e6);                                // Young modulus [Pa]
+
+   Geff  (0.8e6);                                // Shear modulus [Pa]
+
+   nu     (0.25);                                // Poisson's ratio [-]
+
+   en      (0.7);                                // coefficient of normal restitution
+
+   et      (1.0);                                // coefficient of tangential restitution 
+
+   mu      (0.3);                                // dynamic friction 
+
+   mur     (0.1);                                // rolling friction     
+}
+
+
+
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/caseSetup/particleInsertion b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/caseSetup/particleInsertion
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..1a2b40e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/caseSetup/particleInsertion
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ 
+objectName particleInsertion;
+objectType dicrionary;
+fileFormat 	ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+active           Yes;                            // is insertion active -> Yes or No
+
+checkForCollision No;                            // is checked          -> Yes or No
+
+/*
+      five layers of particles are packed one-by-one using 5 insertion steps 
+*/
+
+layer0
+{
+   timeControl    simulationTime;
+
+   regionType		      cylinder;                // type of insertion region
+
+   rate 	                   5000;                // Particles Insertion Rate (particles/s)
+
+   startTime 	                0;                // Start time of LightParticles insertion (s)
+
+   endTime   	              100;                // End time of LightParticles insertion (s) 
+
+   insertionInterval        0.03;                // Time Interval of LightParticles insertion (s) 
+
+   cylinderInfo 
+   {
+   	p1  (0.22 0.730 0.25);                     // Bottom of cylinderRegion(m,m,m)
+
+   	p2  (0.22 0.742 0.25);                     // Top of cylinderRegion (m,m,m)
+
+      radius           0.09;                     // radius of cylinder (m)
+   }
+   
+   setFields
+   {
+     velocity    realx3 (0.0 -0.6 -0);           // initial velocity of inserted particles 
+   }
+   
+   mixture
+   {
+      sphere1 1;                                 // mixture composition of inserted particles 
+      
+   }
+}
+
+
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/caseSetup/shapes b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/caseSetup/shapes
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..ba8339e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/caseSetup/shapes
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ 
+objectName 	sphereDict;
+objectType 	sphereShape;
+fileFormat 	ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+names 		(sphere1); 	                         // names of shapes 
+
+diameters 	  (0.01);	                         // diameter of shapes 
+
+materials	 (prop1);	                         // material names for shapes 
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/caseSetup/sphereShape b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/caseSetup/sphereShape
similarity index 71%
rename from tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/caseSetup/sphereShape
rename to tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/caseSetup/sphereShape
index ffe420d8..03599409 100755
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/binarySystemOfParticles/caseSetup/sphereShape
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/caseSetup/sphereShape
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
 \* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ 
 objectName 	sphereDict;
 objectType 	sphereShape;
-fileFormat  ASCII;
+fileFormat 	ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-names 		(smallSphere largeSphere); 	// names of shapes 
-diameters 	(0.003 	0.005);	// diameter of shapes 
-materials	(prop1  prop1);	// material names for shapes 
+names 		(sphere1); 	// names of shapes 
+diameters 	(0.01);	// diameter of shapes 
+materials	(prop1);	// material names for shapes 
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/cleanThisCase b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/cleanThisCase
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..8a0ab919
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/cleanThisCase
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd ${0%/*} || exit 1    # Run from this directory
+
+ls | grep -P "^(([0-9]+\.?[0-9]*)|(\.[0-9]+))$" | xargs -d"\n" rm -rf
+rm -rf VTK 
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/runThisCase b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/runThisCase
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..c48d71fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/runThisCase
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+cd ${0%/*} || exit 1    # Run from this directory
+echo "\n<--------------------------------------------------------------------->"
+echo "1) Creating particles"
+echo "<--------------------------------------------------------------------->\n"
+particlesPhasicFlow
+
+echo "\n<--------------------------------------------------------------------->"
+echo "2) Creating geometry"
+echo "<--------------------------------------------------------------------->\n"
+geometryPhasicFlow
+
+echo "\n<--------------------------------------------------------------------->"
+echo "3) Running the case"
+echo "<--------------------------------------------------------------------->\n"
+sphereGranFlow
+
+
+
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/settings/domainDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/settings/domainDict
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..c0b10394
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/settings/domainDict
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */  
+objectName 	domainDict;
+objectType 	dictionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+globalBox                                        // Simulation domain: every particles that goes outside this domain will be deleted
+{
+		min (0.0 -0.06 0.001);                   // lower corner point of the box 
+
+	    max       (1.2 1 0.5);                   // upper corner point of the box 
+}
+
+decomposition
+{
+	direction z;
+}
+
+boundaries
+{
+	
+
+	neighborListUpdateInterval     50;           /* Determines how often (how many iterations) do you want to 
+
+	                                                rebuild the list of particles in the neighbor list 
+
+	                                                of all boundaries in the simulation domain        */
+
+	updateInterval                 10;           // Determines how often do you want to update the new changes in the boundary
+
+	neighborLength              0.004;           // The distance from the boundary plane within which particles are marked to be in the boundary list
+
+	left
+	{
+		type     exit;	                         // other options: periodic, reflective 
+	}
+
+	right
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	bottom
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	top
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	rear
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	front
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/settings/geometryDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/settings/geometryDict
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..373bfc3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/settings/geometryDict
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */  
+objectName 	geometryDict;
+objectType 	dictionary;
+fileFormat 	ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+motionModel rotatingAxis;                        // motion model: rotating object around an axis
+
+rotatingAxisInfo
+{
+	rotAxis 
+	{
+		p1  (1.09635 0.2010556 0.22313511);	     // first point for the axis of rotation 
+
+		p2 (0.0957492 0.201556 0.22313511);	     // second point for the axis of rotation
+
+		omega                            3; 	 // rotation speed (rad/s)
+
+		startTime                        5;      // Start time of Geometry Rotating 
+
+		endTime                         30;      // End time of Geometry Rotating
+	}
+}
+
+surfaces
+{
+	helix
+	{
+		type 	   stlWall;  	                 // type of the wall
+
+		file 	 helix.stl;	                     // file name in stl folder
+
+		material     prop1;                      // material name of this wall
+
+		motion 	   rotAxis;	                     // motion component name 
+	}
+
+	shell
+	{
+		type 	   stlWall;  	                 // type of the wall
+
+		file 	 shell.stl;	                     // file name in stl folder		
+
+		material     prop1;                      // material name of this wall
+
+		motion 	      none;		                 // motion component name 
+	}
+}
+
+
+
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/settings/particlesDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/settings/particlesDict
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e00b9a83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/settings/particlesDict
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */  
+objectName 	particlesDict;
+objectType 	dictionary;
+fileFormat 	ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+setFields
+{
+	/*
+	    Default value for fields defined for particles
+
+		These fields should always be defined for simulations with 
+
+		spherical particles.
+	*/
+
+	defaultValue 
+	{
+		velocity 	    realx3 	(0 0 0);         // linear velocity (m/s)
+		
+		acceleration 	realx3 	(0 0 0);         // linear acceleration (m/s2)
+	
+		rVelocity 	    realx3 	(0 0 0);	     // rotational velocity (rad/s)
+		
+		shapeName 	    word	sphere1;         // name of the particle shape
+	}
+
+	selectors
+	{
+		shapeAssigne
+		{
+			selector 	stridedRange; 	         // other options: box, cylinder, sphere, randomPoints 
+ 
+			stridedRangeInfo
+			{
+				begin 	    0;			         // begin index of points
+
+				end 	5000;		 			 // end index of points 
+
+				stride      3;			 		 // stride for selector 
+			}
+
+			fieldValue  					     // fields that the selector is applied to 
+			{
+				shapeName 	word    sphere1;     // sets shapeName of the selected points to largeSphere
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+positionParticles                                // positions particles 
+{
+	method       ordered;     		             // other options: random and empty
+
+	mortonSorting    Yes;                        // perform initial sorting based on morton code?   
+
+	orderedInfo
+	{
+		diameter     0.01; 						 // minimum space between centers of particles
+
+		numPoints   5000; 	                     // number of particles in the simulation 
+
+		axisOrder (z y x);                       // axis order for filling the space with particles
+	} 
+
+	regionType box;                              // other options: cylinder and sphere  
+
+	boxInfo  				                     // box information for positioning particles 
+	{
+		min (-0.08 -0.08 0.015);                 // lower corner point of the box 
+
+		max     (0.08 0.08 1);	             // upper corner point of the box 
+	}
+}
+
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/settings/settingsDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/settings/settingsDict
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f3fb82a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/settings/settingsDict
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */  
+objectName 	settingsDict;
+objectType 	dictionary;
+fileFormat 	ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+run 			screwConveyor;
+
+dt 				0.0001; 	                     // time step for integration (s)
+
+startTime 		     0; 			             // start time for simulation 
+
+endTime 		    20;	 		                 // end time for simulation 
+
+saveInterval 	  0.05; 		                 // time interval for saving the simulation
+
+timePrecision        6;			                 // maximum number of digits for time folder 
+
+g 			(0 -9.8 0);                          // gravity vector (m/s2) 
+
+includeObjects (diameter);                       // save necessary (i.e., required) data on disk
+
+// exclude unnecessary data from saving on disk
+excludeObjects (rVelocity.dy1 pStructPosition.dy1 pStructVelocity.dy1); 
+
+integrationMethod 		AdamsBashforth2; 	     // integration method 
+
+writeFormat				          ascii;         // data writting format (ascii or binary)
+
+timersReport 			            Yes;  	     // report timers (Yes or No)
+
+timersReportInterval   	           0.01;	     // time interval for reporting timers
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/stl/helix.stl b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/stl/helix.stl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..94579bc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/stl/helix.stl
@@ -0,0 +1,16550 @@
+solid 
+   facet normal 0.000000e+00 2.588190e-01 9.659258e-01
+      outer loop
+         vertex 9.634867e-02 2.011289e-01 2.313511e-01
+         vertex 1.096349e+00 2.111289e-01 2.286716e-01
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+      endloop
+   endfacet
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+      outer loop
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+      endloop
+   endfacet
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diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/stl/shell.stl b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/screwConveyor/stl/shell.stl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f6ea0f62
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+         vertex 1.106349e+00 3.186859e-01 4.954769e-02
+      endloop
+   endfacet
+   facet normal 1.000000e+00 0.000000e+00 0.000000e+00
+      outer loop
+         vertex 1.106349e+00 2.011289e-01 2.113511e-01
+         vertex 1.106349e+00 3.186859e-01 4.954769e-02
+         vertex 1.106349e+00 3.552315e-01 8.386629e-02
+      endloop
+   endfacet
+endsolid 
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/caseSetup/interaction b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/caseSetup/interaction
index 36ff43c5..203a501b 100644
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/caseSetup/interaction
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/caseSetup/interaction
@@ -6,72 +6,47 @@ objectName interaction;
 objectType dicrionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+materials    (solidProperty);                    // a list of materials names
 
-// a list of materials names
-materials      (solidProperty);
-
-// density of materials [kg/m3]
-densities      (1000.0);   
+densities           (1000.0);                    // density of materials [kg/m3]
 
 contactListType   sortedContactList; 
 
-model
-{
-   contactForceModel       nonLinearNonLimited;
-    
-   rollingFrictionModel    normal;
-   
-   /*
-   Property (solidProperty-solidProperty);
-   */
-    
-   // Young modulus [Pa]
-   Yeff  (1.0e6);       
-
-   // Shear modulus [Pa]
-   Geff  (0.8e6);       
-    
-   // Poisson's ratio [-]
-   nu    (0.25);        
-    
-   // coefficient of normal restitution
-   en    (0.7);         
-
-   // coefficient of tangential restitution
-   et    (1.0);          
-
-   // dynamic friction
-   mu    (0.3);          
-
-   // rolling friction
-   mur   (0.1);                  
-}
-
 contactSearch
 {
+    method         NBS;                          // method for broad search 
+    
+   updateInterval   10;
 
-   // method for broad search particle-particle
-   method         NBS;
+   sizeRatio       1.1;
 
-   // method for broad search particle-wall           
-   wallMapping    cellMapping;   
+   cellExtent     0.55;
 
-   NBSInfo
-   {
-      // each 20 timesteps, update neighbor list 
-      updateFrequency 20; 
+   adjustableBox   Yes;     
+}
+
+model
+{
+   contactForceModel     nonLinearNonLimited;
+    
+   rollingFrictionModel               normal;
    
-      // bounding box size to particle diameter (max)       
-      sizeRatio      1.1;        
-   }
+   /*
+      Property (solidProperty-solidProperty)
+   */
+    
+   Yeff  (1.0e6);                                // Young modulus [Pa]    
 
-   cellMappingInfo
-   {
-      // each 20 timesteps, update neighbor list
-      updateFrequency 20;
-      
-      // bounding box for particle-wall search (> 0.5)          
-      cellExtent     0.7;        
-   }
+   Geff  (0.8e6);                                // Shear modulus [Pa]    
+    
+   nu     (0.25);                                // Poisson's ratio [-]      
+    
+   en      (0.7);                                // coefficient of normal restitution       
+
+   et      (1.0);                                // coefficient of tangential restitution      
+
+   mu      (0.3);                                // dynamic friction    
+
+   mur     (0.1);                                // rolling friction               
+}
 
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/caseSetup/particleInsertion b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/caseSetup/particleInsertion
index d8e3f87f..cabe23da 100644
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/caseSetup/particleInsertion
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/caseSetup/particleInsertion
@@ -6,11 +6,8 @@ objectName particleInsertion;
 objectType dicrionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+active         No;                               // is insertion active -> Yes or No
 
-// is insertion active?
-active  no; 
-
-// not implemented for yes
-collisionCheck No;   
+collisionCheck No;                               // is checked          -> Yes or No
 
 
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/caseSetup/shapes b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/caseSetup/shapes
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5e154455
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/caseSetup/shapes
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ 
+objectName 	sphereDict;
+objectType 	sphereShape;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+names 		      (sphere1); 	                 // name of shapes 
+
+diameters 	        (0.005);                     // diameter of shapes (m)
+
+materials	(solidProperty);	                 // material name for shapes 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/settings/domainDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/settings/domainDict
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..ac9b1774
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/settings/domainDict
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\ 
+|  phasicFlow File                                                            | 
+|  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
+\* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */  
+objectName 	domainDict;
+objectType 	dictionary;
+fileFormat  ASCII;
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+globalBox                                        // Simulation domain: every particles that goes outside this domain will be deleted
+{
+	min (-0.3 -0.3 -0.3);                        // lower corner point of the box 
+
+	max    (0.5 0.5 0.5);                        // upper corner point of the box 
+}
+
+decomposition
+{
+	direction z;
+}
+
+boundaries
+{
+	
+
+	neighborListUpdateInterval     50;           /* Determines how often (how many iterations) do you want to 
+
+	                                                rebuild the list of particles in the neighbor list 
+
+	                                                of all boundaries in the simulation domain        */
+
+	updateInterval                 10;           // Determines how often do you want to update the new changes in the boundary
+
+	neighborLength              0.004;           // The distance from the boundary plane within which particles are marked to be in the boundary list
+
+	left
+	{
+		type     exit;	                         // other options: periodic, reflective 
+	}
+
+	right
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	bottom
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	top
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	rear
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+
+	front
+	{
+		type     exit;                           // other options: periodict, reflective 
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/settings/geometryDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/settings/geometryDict
index 9fbd80b3..37a7b1db 100644
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/settings/geometryDict
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/settings/geometryDict
@@ -6,217 +6,154 @@ objectName 	geometryDict;
 objectType 	dictionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+motionModel rotatingAxis;                        // motion model: rotating object around an axis
 
-// motion model: rotating object around an axis
-motionModel rotatingAxisMotion; 
-
-// information for rotatingAxisMotion motion model 
-rotatingAxisMotionInfo
+rotatingAxisInfo                                 // information for rotatingAxisMotion motion model 
 {
 	axisOfRotation 
 	{
-		p1 (-0.1 0.0 0.15);	// first point for the axis of rotation 
-		p2 ( 0.1 0.0 0.15);	// second point for the axis of rotation
+		p1 (-0.1 0.0 0.15);	                     // first point for the axis of rotation 
+
+		p2 ( 0.1 0.0 0.15);	                     // second point for the axis of rotation
 		
-		omega 1.5708; 		// rotation speed ==> 15 rad/s
+		omega       1.5708; 		             // rotation speed ==> 15 rad/s
+			
+		startTime      0.5;                      // Start time of Geometry Rotating (s) 
 		
-		// Start time of Geometry Rotating (s) 		
-		startTime 0.5;
-		
-		// End time of Geometry Rotating (s)
-		endTime 9.5;
+		endTime        9.5;                      // End time of Geometry Rotating (s)
 	}
 }
 
 surfaces
 {
-	
 	topGate
 	{
-		// type of wall
-		type cylinderWall;
+		type      cylinderWall;                  // type of wall
 		
-		// begin point of cylinder axis 
-		p1 (0.0    0.0   0.3);
+		p1       (0.0 0.0 0.3);                  // begin point of cylinder axis 
 		
-		// end point of cylinder axis 
-		p2 (0.0    0.0   0.301);
+		p2     (0.0 0.0 0.301);                  // end point of cylinder axis
 		
-		// radius at p1  
-		radius1  0.03;
+		radius1           0.03;                  // radius at p1  
 		
-		// radius at p2		
-		radius2	 0.0001;
+		radius2	        0.0001;                  // radius at p2	
 		
-		// material of wall
-		material solidProperty;
+		material solidProperty;                  // material of wall
 		
-		// motion component name
-		motion axisOfRotation;	
+		motion  axisOfRotation;	                 // motion component name
 	}
 
     topCylinder
 	{
-		// type of the wall
-		type 		cylinderWall;
+		type 	  cylinderWall;                  // type of the wall
+			
+		p1 	    (0.0 0.0 0.28);                  // begin point of cylinder axis 
 		
-		// begin point of cylinder axis 	
-		p1 			(0.0 0.0 0.28);
+		p2 		 (0.0 0.0 0.3);                  // end point of cylinder axis 
+		  
+		radius1 	      0.03;                  // radius at p1 
+			
+		radius2 	      0.03;                  // radius at p2	
+				
+		resolution 	        36;                  // number of divisions
 		
-		// end point of cylinder axis  
-		p2 			(0.0 0.0 0.3);
+		material solidProperty;                  // material name of this wall
 		
-		// radius at p1  
-		radius1 	0.03;
-		
-		// radius at p2		
-		radius2 	0.03;
-		
-		// number of divisions		
-		resolution 	36;
-		
-		// material name of this wall
-		material 	solidProperty;
-		
-		// motion component name   	
-		motion axisOfRotation;		
+		motion  axisOfRotation;                  // motion component name 		
 	}
 
 	coneShelltop
 	{	
-		// type of the wall	
-		type 		cylinderWall;
+		type 	  cylinderWall;                  // type of the wall	
 		
-		// begin point of cylinder axis  	
-		p1 			(0.0 0.0 0.2);
+		p1 		 (0.0 0.0 0.2);                  // begin point of cylinder axis  
 		
-		// end point of cylinder axis  
-		p2 			(0.0 0.0 0.28);
+		p2 		(0.0 0.0 0.28);                  // end point of cylinder axis 
 		
-		// radius at p1  
-		radius1 	0.1;
-		
-		// radius at p2		
-		radius2 	0.03;
-		
-		// number of divisions		
-		resolution 	36;
-		
-		// material name of this wall      	
-		material 	solidProperty;
-		
-		// motion component name   	
-		motion axisOfRotation;		
+		radius1 	       0.1;	                 // radius at p1  
+			
+		radius2 	      0.03;                  // radius at p2	
+			
+		resolution 	        36;                  // number of divisions	
+			
+		material solidProperty;                  // material name of this wall    
+		 	
+		motion  axisOfRotation;	                 // motion component name 	
 	}
 
 	cylinderShell
 	{
-		// type of the wall
-		type 		cylinderWall;
+		type 	  cylinderWall;                  // type of the wall
+			
+		p1 		 (0.0 0.0 0.1);                  // begin point of cylinder axis 
 		
-		// begin point of cylinder axis  	
-		p1 			(0.0 0.0 0.1);
-		
-		// end point of cylinder axis
-		p2 			(0.0 0.0 0.2);
-		
-		// radius at p1	  
-		radius1 	0.1;
-		
-		// radius at p2			
-		radius2 	0.1;
-		
-		// number of divisions		
-		resolution 	36;
-		
-		// material name of this wall	      	
-		material 	solidProperty; 
-		
-		// motion component name  	
-		motion axisOfRotation;		
+		p2 		 (0.0 0.0 0.2);                  // end point of cylinder axis
+		 
+		radius1 	       0.1;                  // radius at p1	
+			
+		radius2 	       0.1;	                 // radius at p2	
+			
+		resolution 	        36;                  // number of divisions	
+			      	
+		material solidProperty;                  // material name of this wall
+			
+		motion  axisOfRotation;                  // motion component name 		
 	}
 
 	coneShelldown
 	{
+		type 	  cylinderWall;                  // type of the wall
 		
-		// type of the wall
-		type 		cylinderWall;
+		p1 		(0.0 0.0 0.02);                  // begin point of cylinder axis
+		 
+		p2 		 (0.0 0.0 0.1);                  // end point of cylinder axis 
 		
-		// begin point of cylinder axis  	
-		p1 			(0.0 0.0 0.02);
+		radius1 	      0.03;                  // radius at p1 
 		
-		// end point of cylinder axis  
-		p2 			(0.0 0.0 0.1);
-		
-		// radius at p1  
-		radius1 	0.03;
-		
-		// radius at p2		
-		radius2 	0.1;
-		
-		// number of divisions		
-		resolution 	36;
-		
-		// material name of this wall	      	
-		material 	solidProperty;
-		
-		// motion component name   	
-		motion axisOfRotation;		
+		radius2 	       0.1;                  // radius at p2	
+			
+		resolution 	        36;                  // number of divisions	
+		     	
+		material solidProperty;                  // material name of this wall	
+			
+		motion  axisOfRotation;	                 // motion component name  	
 	}
 
 	bottomCylinder
 	{
-		// type of the wall
-		type 		cylinderWall;  	
+		type 	  cylinderWall;  	             // type of the wall
 		
-		// begin point of cylinder axis	
-		p1 			(0.0 0.0 0.0);
+		p1 		 (0.0 0.0 0.0);                  // begin point of cylinder axis	
+		  
+		p2 		(0.0 0.0 0.02);                  // end point of cylinder axis	
 		
-		// end point of cylinder axis	  
-		p2 			(0.0 0.0 0.02);
-		
-		// radius at p1  
-		radius1 	0.03;
-		
-		// radius at p2			
-		radius2 	0.03;
-		
-		// number of divisions			
-		resolution 	36;
-		
-		// material name of this wall	      	
-		material 	solidProperty;
-		
-		// motion component name	   	
-		motion axisOfRotation;		
+		radius1 	      0.03;		             // radius at p1  
+			
+		radius2 	      0.03;	                 // radius at p2	
+				
+		resolution 	        36;                  // number of divisions	
+			      	
+		material solidProperty;                  // material name of this wall
+			   	
+		motion  axisOfRotation;	                 // motion component name	
 	}
 
 	exitGate
 	{
+		type 	  cylinderWall;  	             // type of the wall	
 		
-		// type of the wall
-		type 		cylinderWall;  	
+		p1 	  (0.0 0.0 -0.001);                  // begin point of cylinder axis	
+		  
+		p2 		 (0.0 0.0 0.0);                  // end point of cylinder axis
 		
-		// begin point of cylinder axis	
-		p1 			(0.0 0.0 -0.001);
-		
-		// end point of cylinder axis	  
-		p2 			(0.0 0.0 0.0);
-		
-		// radius at p1  
-		radius1 	0.03;
-		
-		// radius at p2			
-		radius2 	0.0001;
-		
-		// number of divisions			
-		resolution 	36;
-		
-		// material name of this wall	      	
-		material 	solidProperty;
-		
-		// motion component name	   	
-		motion axisOfRotation;			
-	}
+		radius1 	      0.03;                  // radius at p1 
+				
+		radius2 	    0.0001;                  // radius at p2	
+			
+		resolution 	        36;	                 // number of divisions	
+			      	
+		material solidProperty;                  // material name of this wall
 		
+		motion  axisOfRotation;		             // motion component name			
+	}	
 }
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/settings/particlesDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/settings/particlesDict
index c0e1b189..01fecb85 100644
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/settings/particlesDict
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/settings/particlesDict
@@ -6,66 +6,74 @@ objectName 	particlesDict;
 objectType 	dictionary;
 fileFormat  ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
 setFields
 {
 	/*
 	    Default value for fields defined for particles
-	These fields should always be defined for simulations with 
-	spherical particles.
+
+		These fields should always be defined for simulations with 
+
+		spherical particles.
 	*/
+
 	defaultValue 
-	{
-		// linear velocity (m/s)	
-		velocity 		realx3 	(0 0 0); 
-		
-		// linear acceleration (m/s2)		
-		acceleration 	realx3 	(0 0 0);
-		
-		// rotational velocity (rad/s)		 
-		rVelocity 		realx3 	(0 0 0);
-		
-		// name of the particle shape 		 
-		shapeName 		word	sphere1; 
+	{	
+		velocity 		realx3 	(0 0 0);         // linear velocity (m/s) 
+			
+		acceleration 	realx3 	(0 0 0);         // linear acceleration (m/s2)
+		 
+		rVelocity 		realx3 	(0 0 0);         // rotational velocity (rad/s)	
+			 
+		shapeName 		word	sphere1;         // name of the particle shape 	
 	}
 
 	selectors
-	{}
+	{
+		shapeAssigne
+		{
+			selector 	stridedRange; 	         // other options: box, cylinder, sphere, randomPoints 
+ 
+			stridedRangeInfo
+			{
+				begin 	    0;			         // begin index of points
+
+				end 	24000;		 			 // end index of points 
+
+				stride      3;			 		 // stride for selector 
+			}
+
+			fieldValue  					     // fields that the selector is applied to 
+			{
+				shapeName 	word    sphere1;     // sets shapeName of the selected points to largeSphere
+			}
+		}
+	}
 }
 
-// positions particles 
-positionParticles
+positionParticles                                // positions particles 
 {
-	// ordered positioning
-	method 	positionOrdered;     
+	
+	method 	      ordered;                       // ordered positioning
 
-	// maximum number of particles in the simulation
-	maxNumberOfParticles 25001;
-	
-	// perform initial sorting based on morton code? 
-	mortonSorting 	Yes;             
-	
-	// cylinder for positioning particles 
-	cylinder
-	{
-		// Coordinates of top cylinderRegion (m,m,m)	
-		p1 (0.0 0.0 0.09);
-		
-		p2 (0.0 0.0 0.21);
-		
-		// radius of cylinder
-		radius 0.09;
-	}
+	mortonSorting     Yes;                       // perform initial sorting based on morton code?  
 
-	positionOrderedInfo
+	orderedInfo
 	{
-		// minimum space between centers of particles
-		diameter 0.005;
-		
-		// number of particles in the simulation 	 	
-		numPoints 24000;
+		diameter    0.005;                       // minimum space between centers of particles
+			 	
+		numPoints   24000;                       // number of particles in the simulation 
+		 	
+		axisOrder (x y z);                       // axis order for filling the space with particles	
+	}  
+
+	regionType cylinder;                         // other options: cylinder and sphere               
 	
-		// axis order for filling the space with particles		 	
-		axisOrder (x y z);  
+	cylinderInfo                                 // cylinder for positioning particles 
+	{
+		p1 (0.0 0.0 0.09);                       // Coordinates of bottom cylinderRegion (m,m,m)
+		
+		p2 (0.0 0.0 0.21);                       // Coordinates of top cylinderRegion (m,m,m)
+		
+		radius       0.09;                       // radius of cylinder
 	}
 }
diff --git a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/settings/settingsDict b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/settings/settingsDict
index 224eb9a3..0977f56b 100644
--- a/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/settings/settingsDict
+++ b/tutorials/sphereGranFlow/toteblender/settings/settingsDict
@@ -3,45 +3,32 @@
 |  copyright: www.cemf.ir                                                     | 
 \* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */  
 objectName 	settingsDict;
-objectType 	dictionary;;
-fileFormat  ASCII;
+objectType 	dictionary;
+fileFormat 	ASCII;
 /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+run 	   toteblender;
 
-run 			toteBlender;
+dt 			   0.00004; 	                     // time step for integration (s)
 
-// time step for integration (s)
-dt 				0.00004; 	
+startTime 		     0; 			             // start time for simulation 
 
-// start time for simulation 
-startTime 		0; 			
+endTime 		    10;	 		                 // end time for simulation 
 
-// end time for simulation 
-endTime 		10; 		
+saveInterval 	  0.05; 		                 // time interval for saving the simulation
 
-// time interval for saving the simulation
-saveInterval 	0.05; 		
+timePrecision        3;			                 // maximum number of digits for time folder 
 
-// maximum number of digits for time folder
-timePrecision   3;			 
+g 			(0 0 -9.8);                          // gravity vector (m/s2) 
 
-// gravity vector (m/s2)
-g 				(0 0 -9.8);  
+includeObjects (diameter);                       // save necessary (i.e., required) data on disk
 
-/* Simulation domain */
-/*	every particles that goes outside this domain is deleted. */
-domain 
-{
-	min (-0.3 -0.3 -0.3);
-	max (0.5 0.5 0.5);
-}
+// exclude unnecessary data from saving on disk
+excludeObjects (rVelocity.dy1 pStructPosition.dy1 pStructVelocity.dy1); 
 
-// integration method
-integrationMethod 		AdamsMoulton4; 	 
+integrationMethod 		AdamsBashforth2; 	     // integration method 
 
-writeFormat				ascii;
+writeFormat				          ascii;         // data writting format (ascii or binary)
 
-// report timers?
-timersReport 			Yes;  	
+timersReport 			            Yes;  	     // report timers (Yes or No)
 
-// time interval for reporting timers
-timersReportInterval   	0.02;	
\ No newline at end of file
+timersReportInterval   	           0.02;	     // time interval for reporting timers
diff --git a/utilities/Utilities/CMakeLists.txt b/utilities/Utilities/CMakeLists.txt
index 8c5d4ff5..e39fea4a 100644
--- a/utilities/Utilities/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/utilities/Utilities/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -5,12 +5,15 @@ readControlDict.cpp
 vtkFile/vtkFile.cpp
 geometryPhasicFlow/Wall/Wall.cpp 
 geometryPhasicFlow/planeWall/planeWall.cpp 
+geometryPhasicFlow/stlWall/stlFile.cpp
 geometryPhasicFlow/stlWall/stlWall.cpp
 geometryPhasicFlow/cylinderWall/cylinderWall.cpp
 geometryPhasicFlow/cuboidWall/cuboidWall.cpp
 )
 
-set(link_libs Kokkos::kokkos phasicFlow Particles Geometry)
+#set(link_libs Kokkos::kokkos phasicFlow Particles Geometry)
+
+set(link_libs Kokkos::kokkos phasicFlow)
 
 pFlow_add_library_install(Utilities SourceFiles link_libs)
 
diff --git a/utilities/Utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/cylinderWall/cylinderWall.cpp b/utilities/Utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/cylinderWall/cylinderWall.cpp
index db0b7987..2ea0a3c1 100644
--- a/utilities/Utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/cylinderWall/cylinderWall.cpp
+++ b/utilities/Utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/cylinderWall/cylinderWall.cpp
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ bool pFlow::cylinderWall::createCylinder(
 	real L = zAx.length();
 
 	
-	realx3Vector r1P(numDiv + 1), r2P(numDiv + 1);
+	realx3Vector r1P("r1P",numDiv + 1), r2P("r1P",numDiv + 1);
 	real dTheta = 2 * Pi / numDiv;
 	real theta = 0;
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/stlFile.cpp b/utilities/Utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/stlWall/stlFile.cpp
similarity index 97%
rename from src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/stlFile.cpp
rename to utilities/Utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/stlWall/stlFile.cpp
index 0dc3cde6..c0366851 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/stlFile.cpp
+++ b/utilities/Utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/stlWall/stlFile.cpp
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ void pFlow::stlFile::addSolid
 	const realx3x3Vector& vertecies
 )
 {
-	solids_.push_backSafe(vertecies);
+	solids_.push_back(makeUnique<realx3x3Vector>(vertecies));
 	solidNames_.push_back(name);
 }
 
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ void pFlow::stlFile::addSolid
 	realx3x3Vector&& vertecies
 )
 {
-	solids_.push_backSafe(std::move(vertecies));
+	solids_.push_back(makeUnique<realx3x3Vector>(vertecies));
 	solidNames_.push_back(name);
 }
 
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ bool pFlow::stlFile::write()const
 {
 	oFstream os(file_);
 	os.precision(8);
-	for(label i=0; i<size(); i++)
+	for(size_t i=0; i<size(); i++)
 	{
 		writeSolid(os, solids_[i], solidNames_[i]);
 	}
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ size_t pFlow::stlFile::size()const
 
 const pFlow::realx3x3Vector& pFlow::stlFile::solid
 (
-	label i
+	size_t i
 )const
 {
 	if(i >= size() )
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ const pFlow::realx3x3Vector& pFlow::stlFile::solid
 
 const pFlow::word& pFlow::stlFile::name
 (
-	label i
+	size_t i
 )const
 {
 	if(i >= size() )
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/stlFile.hpp b/utilities/Utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/stlWall/stlFile.hpp
similarity index 97%
rename from src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/stlFile.hpp
rename to utilities/Utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/stlWall/stlFile.hpp
index b072690f..eea2f928 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/trisurfaceStructure/stlFile.hpp
+++ b/utilities/Utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/stlWall/stlFile.hpp
@@ -106,10 +106,10 @@ public:
 		size_t size()const;
 		
 		// - vertecies of ith solid
-		const realx3x3Vector& solid(label i)const;
+		const realx3x3Vector& solid(size_t i)const;
 
 		// - name of ith solid 
-		const word& name(label i)const;
+		const word& name(size_t i)const;
 
 };
 
diff --git a/utilities/Utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/stlWall/stlWall.cpp b/utilities/Utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/stlWall/stlWall.cpp
index f54cfc67..cc561f3f 100755
--- a/utilities/Utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/stlWall/stlWall.cpp
+++ b/utilities/Utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/stlWall/stlWall.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ bool pFlow::stlWall::readSTLWall
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	for(label i=0; i<stl.size(); i++)
+	for(uint64 i=0; i<stl.size(); i++)
 	{
 		auto it = triangles_.end();
 		triangles_.insert(it, stl.solid(i).begin(), stl.solid(i).end());
diff --git a/utilities/Utilities/readControlDict.hpp b/utilities/Utilities/readControlDict.hpp
index 90b1fffb..13ebb190 100644
--- a/utilities/Utilities/readControlDict.hpp
+++ b/utilities/Utilities/readControlDict.hpp
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ protected:
 
 	int32 precision_;
 
-	inline static fileSystem defaultRootPath = CWD();
-	inline static fileSystem defaultCDPath = CWD()/"system"+"controlDict";
+	inline static fileSystem defaultRootPath = pFlow::CWD();
+	inline static fileSystem defaultCDPath = pFlow::CWD()/word("system")+word("controlDict");
 	
 	word convertTimeToName(const real t, const int32 precision)const;
 
diff --git a/utilities/Utilities/readFromTimeFolder.hpp b/utilities/Utilities/readFromTimeFolder.hpp
index 9294929f..bacfd5ac 100644
--- a/utilities/Utilities/readFromTimeFolder.hpp
+++ b/utilities/Utilities/readFromTimeFolder.hpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Licence:
 #ifndef __readFromTimeFolder_hpp__
 #define __readFromTimeFolder_hpp__
 
-
+#include "vocabs.hpp"
 #include "repository.hpp"
 #include "pointFields.hpp"
 #include "utilityFunctions.hpp"
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ protected:
 public:
 
 
-	readFromTimeFolder(repository& rep);
+	explicit readFromTimeFolder(repository& rep);
 
 	auto path()const
 	{
@@ -65,9 +65,9 @@ public:
 	bool pointFieldGetType(word& typeName)const
 	{
 		word fieldTYPENAME = pointField_H<T>::TYPENAME();
-		word fldType{}, space{};
+		word fldType{};
 		
-		if( !pFlow::utilities::pointFieldGetType(
+		if(word space{};  !pFlow::utilities::pointFieldGetType(
 			fieldTYPENAME, fldType, space) )
 		{
 			fatalErrorInFunction<<
@@ -81,18 +81,19 @@ public:
 	}
 
 	template<typename T>
-	bool pointFieldGetCheckType(word fieldName, word& typeName) const
+	bool pointFieldGetCheckType(word const& fieldName, word& typeName) const
 	{
 		
 		word fieldTYPENAME = pointField_H<T>::TYPENAME();
-		word flType{},fldType{};
-
+		
+		word flType{};
 		if(!pointFieldFileGetType( fieldName, flType))
 		{
 			fatalExit;
 			return false;
 		}
-		
+
+		word fldType{};
 		if( !pointFieldGetType<T>(fldType) )
 		{
 			fatalExit;
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ public:
 	}
 
 	template<typename T>
-	pointField_H<T>&  createUniformPointField_H(word name, T value)
+	uniquePtr<pointField_H<T>>  createUniformPointField_H(word const& name, T value, bool regRep = true)
 	{
 		if( !checkForPointStructure() )
 		{
@@ -120,29 +121,50 @@ public:
 			"cannot find " << pointStructureFile__ << " in repository "<< repository_.name()<<endl;
 			fatalExit;
 		}
+
 		auto& pStruct = repository_.lookupObject<pointStructure>(pointStructureFile__);
 
-		word fType;
-		pointFieldGetType<T>(fType);
-		word newName = name + fType;
-
-		auto& field = repository_.emplaceReplaceObject<pointField_H<T>>(
-			objectFile(
-				name,
-				"",
-				objectFile::READ_NEVER,
-				objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
+		if(regRep)
+		{
+			auto Ptr = makeUnique<pointField_H<T>>
+			(
+				objectFile
+				(
+					name,
+					"",
+					objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+					objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
 				),
-			pStruct,
-			value
+				pStruct,
+				T{},
+				value
 			);
-
-		return field;
-
+			return Ptr;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			auto Ptr = makeUnique<pointField_H<T>>
+			(
+				objectFile
+				(
+					name,
+					"",
+					objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+					objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
+				),
+				nullptr,
+				pStruct,
+				value
+			);
+			Ptr().fill(value);
+			return Ptr;
+		}
+		
+		return nullptr;
 	}
 
 	template<typename T>
-	pointField_H<T>& readPointField_H(word name) 
+	uniquePtr<pointField_H<T>> readPointField_H(word const& name) 
 	{
 		if( !checkForPointStructure() )
 		{
@@ -152,23 +174,25 @@ public:
 		}
 		auto& pStruct = repository_.lookupObject<pointStructure>(pointStructureFile__);
 
-		auto& field = repository_.emplaceObjectOrGet<pointField_H<T>>(
-			objectFile(
+		auto Ptr = makeUnique<pointField_H<T>>
+		(
+			objectFile
+			(
 				name,
 				"",
 				objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
 				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
-				),
+			),
 			pStruct,
 			T{}
-			);
+		);
 
-		return field;
+		return Ptr;
 
 	}
 
 	template<typename T>
-	pointField_D<T>& readPointField_D(word name) 
+	uniquePtr<pointField_D<T>> readPointField_D(word const& name) 
 	{
 		if( !checkForPointStructure() )
 		{
@@ -178,18 +202,20 @@ public:
 		}
 		auto& pStruct = repository_.lookupObject<pointStructure>(pointStructureFile__);
 
-		auto& field = repository_.emplaceObjectOrGet<pointField_H<T>>(
-			objectFile(
+		auto Ptr = makeUnique<pointField_D<T>> 
+		(
+			objectFile
+			(
 				name,
 				"",
 				objectFile::READ_IF_PRESENT,
 				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
-				),
+			),
 			pStruct,
 			T{}
-			);
+		);
 
-		return field;
+		return Ptr;
 	}
 
 };
diff --git a/utilities/Utilities/vtkFile/vtkByteSwapper.hpp b/utilities/Utilities/vtkFile/vtkByteSwapper.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c1b78d3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utilities/Utilities/vtkFile/vtkByteSwapper.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#ifndef __vtkByteSwapper_h__
+#define __vtkByteSwapper_h__
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+/*
+This utility is used to re-order bytes when writing data in binary format to vtk file
+These lines of code are exactly copied from the source code of https://github.com/Kitware/VTK/
+*/
+
+
+template <size_t s>
+struct vtkByteSwapper;
+
+/// @brief with char, no re-ordering is required 
+template <>
+struct vtkByteSwapper<1>
+{
+	static inline void Swap(char*) {}
+};
+
+/// @brief re-order 2-byte data 
+template <>
+struct vtkByteSwapper<2>
+{
+	static inline void Swap(char* data)
+	{
+		const uint16_t& ref16 = *reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(data);
+		*reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(data) = (ref16 >> 8) | (ref16 << 8);
+	}
+};
+
+/// @brief re-order 4-byte data 
+template <>
+struct vtkByteSwapper<4>
+{
+	static inline void Swap(char* data)
+	{
+		const uint32_t& ref32 = *reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(data);
+		*reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(data) =
+			(ref32 >> 24) | (ref32 << 24) | ((ref32 & 0x00ff0000) >> 8) | ((ref32 & 0x0000ff00) << 8);
+	}
+};
+
+/// @brief re-order of 8-byte data 
+template <>
+struct vtkByteSwapper<8>
+{
+	static inline void Swap(char* data)
+	{
+		const uint64_t& ref64 = *reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(data);
+		*reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(data) = (ref64 >> 56) | (ref64 << 56) |
+			((ref64 & 0x00ff000000000000) >> 40) | ((ref64 & 0x000000000000ff00) << 40) |
+			((ref64 & 0x0000ff0000000000) >> 24) | ((ref64 & 0x0000000000ff0000) << 24) |
+			((ref64 & 0x000000ff00000000) >> 8) | ((ref64 & 0x00000000ff000000) << 8);
+	}
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+inline T byteSwaper(const T& p)
+{
+    union
+    {
+      T value;
+      char data[sizeof(T)];
+    } temp = { p };
+    vtkByteSwapper<sizeof(T)>::Swap(temp.data);
+    return temp.value;
+}
+
+
+
+} // pFlow
+
+#endif //__vtkByteSwapper_h__
diff --git a/utilities/Utilities/vtkFile/vtkFile.cpp b/utilities/Utilities/vtkFile/vtkFile.cpp
index fe0755f4..77d08773 100755
--- a/utilities/Utilities/vtkFile/vtkFile.cpp
+++ b/utilities/Utilities/vtkFile/vtkFile.cpp
@@ -21,11 +21,14 @@ Licence:
 
 #include "vtkFile.hpp"
 
-bool pFlow::vtkFile::openStream()
+bool pFlow::vtkFile::openStream(bool wHeader)
 {
-	oStream_ = makeUnique<oFstream>( fileName() );
+	oStream_ = makeUnique<oFstream>( fileName(), binary_, append_ );
 	if( !oStream_ )return false;
-	return writeHeader();
+	if(wHeader)
+		return writeHeader();
+	else
+		return true;
 }
 
 bool pFlow::vtkFile::vtkFile::writeHeader()
@@ -33,11 +36,13 @@ bool pFlow::vtkFile::vtkFile::writeHeader()
 
 	if(!oStream_) return false;
 
-	oStream_() << "# vtk DataFile Version 2.0" << endl;
+	oStream_() << "# vtk DataFile Version 3.0" << endl;
 	
 	oStream_() << "vtk file for time : " << time_ << endl;
-
-	oStream_() << "ASCII" << endl;
+	if(binary_)
+		oStream_() << "BINARY" << endl;
+	else
+		oStream_() << "ASCII" << endl;
 
 	if( oStream_().fail() ) return false;
 
@@ -49,15 +54,19 @@ pFlow::vtkFile::vtkFile
 (
 	const fileSystem dir,
 	const word& bName,
-	real time
+	real time,
+	bool bnry,
+	bool append
 )
 :
+	binary_(bnry),
+	append_(append),
+	time_(time),
 	dirPath_(dir),
-	baseName_(bName),
-	time_(time)
+	baseName_(bName)
 {
 
-	if(!openStream())
+	if(!openStream(!append))
 	{
 		fatalErrorInFunction <<
 		"  error in creating vtkFile "<<fileName()<<endl;
diff --git a/utilities/Utilities/vtkFile/vtkFile.hpp b/utilities/Utilities/vtkFile/vtkFile.hpp
index 8c4cab36..ffb1ff6b 100755
--- a/utilities/Utilities/vtkFile/vtkFile.hpp
+++ b/utilities/Utilities/vtkFile/vtkFile.hpp
@@ -34,21 +34,30 @@ class vtkFile
 {
 protected:
 
-	fileSystem dirPath_;
-
-	word       baseName_;
-
-	real  	   time_ = 0.0;
-
 	uniquePtr<oFstream>  oStream_= nullptr;
 
-	bool openStream();
+	bool 		binary_ = false;
+
+	bool		append_=false;
+
+	real		time_ = 0.0;
+
+	fileSystem dirPath_;
+
+	word		baseName_;	
+
+	bool openStream(bool wHeader);
 
 	virtual bool writeHeader();
 
 public:
 
-	vtkFile(const fileSystem dir, const word& bName, real time);
+	vtkFile(
+		const fileSystem dir, 
+		const word& bName, 
+		real time,
+		bool bnry,
+		bool append = false);
 
 	virtual ~vtkFile() = default;
 
@@ -56,7 +65,7 @@ public:
 	{
 		if(!oStream_)
 		{
-			if(!openStream())
+			if(!openStream(!append_))
 			{
 				fatalErrorInFunction<<
 				"  error in opening vtkFile "<< fileName() <<endl;
@@ -81,6 +90,12 @@ public:
 		return false;
 	}
 
+	inline 
+	bool binary()const
+	{
+		return binary_;
+	}
+
 	virtual fileSystem fileName()const;	
 
 };
diff --git a/utilities/checkPhasicFlow/checkPhasicFlow.cpp b/utilities/checkPhasicFlow/checkPhasicFlow.cpp
index 3ffe4168..cbd36d03 100755
--- a/utilities/checkPhasicFlow/checkPhasicFlow.cpp
+++ b/utilities/checkPhasicFlow/checkPhasicFlow.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ Licence:
 
 #include "KokkosTypes.hpp"
 #include "systemControl.hpp"
+#include "localProcessors.hpp"
 #include "commandLine.hpp"
 
 
@@ -40,9 +41,11 @@ if(!cmds.parse(argc, argv)) return 0;
 #include "initialize.hpp"
 
 	output<<endl;
-	REPORT(1)<< "You are using "<<yellowText(cmds.productNameCopyright())<<endREPORT;
-  REPORT(1)<< yellowText(pFlow::floatingPointDescription())<<endREPORT;
-	
+	REPORT(1)<< "You are using "<<Yellow_Text(cmds.productNameCopyright())<<END_REPORT;
+	REPORT(1)<< Yellow_Text(pFlow::floatingPointDescription())<<END_REPORT;
+    REPORT(1)<< (pFlow::localProcessors::builtForMPI()?
+        "This is a built for MPI execution":
+        "This is not a build for MPI execution")<<END_REPORT;
 
 // this should be palced in each main 
 #include "finalize.hpp"
diff --git a/utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/CMakeLists.txt b/utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/CMakeLists.txt
index 6fe0358e..0700a50b 100644
--- a/utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
 set(source_files 
 geometryPhasicFlow.cpp
 )
-set(link_lib phasicFlow Geometry Kokkos::kokkos Utilities)
+set(link_lib phasicFlow Kokkos::kokkos Geometry Utilities)
 
 pFlow_make_executable_install(geometryPhasicFlow source_files link_lib)
diff --git a/utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/geometryPhasicFlow.cpp b/utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/geometryPhasicFlow.cpp
index f6967f92..8db0b791 100755
--- a/utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/geometryPhasicFlow.cpp
+++ b/utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/geometryPhasicFlow.cpp
@@ -18,31 +18,18 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
+#include "vocabs.hpp"
 #include "systemControl.hpp"
 #include "Wall.hpp"
-#include "Vectors.hpp"
-#include "multiTriSurface.hpp"
-#include "geometryMotion.hpp"
+#include "geometry.hpp"
 #include "commandLine.hpp"
-#include "readControlDict.hpp"
+//#include "readControlDict.hpp"
 
-using pFlow::output;
-using pFlow::endl;
-using pFlow::IOobject;
-using pFlow::dictionary;
-using pFlow::objectFile;
-using pFlow::wordVector;
-using pFlow::Wall;
-using pFlow::geometry;
-using pFlow::realx3x3Vector;
-using pFlow::multiTriSurface;
-using pFlow::commandLine;
 
 int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
 {
 
-	commandLine cmds(
+	pFlow::commandLine cmds(
     	"geometryPhasicFlow",
     	"Converts the supplied informaiton for sufraces in"
     	" geometryDict into PhasicFlow geometry data structure");
@@ -61,56 +48,77 @@ int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
 
 	#include "setProperty.hpp"
 
-	REPORT(0)<<"\nReading "<<"createGeometryDict"<<" . . ."<<endREPORT;
-	auto objDict = IOobject::make<dictionary>
-	(
-		objectFile
+	REPORT(0)<<"\nReading "<<"geometryDict"<<" . . ."<<END_REPORT;
+	auto geometryDict = pFlow::fileDictionary(
+		pFlow::objectFile
 		(
 			"geometryDict",
 			Control.settings().path(),
-			objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
-			objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
+			pFlow::objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
+			pFlow::objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
 		),
-		"geometryDict",
-		true
+		nullptr
 	);
-
-	auto& geometryDict = objDict().getObject<dictionary>();
-
+	
 	auto& surfacesDict = geometryDict.subDict("surfaces");
 
 	auto wallsDictName = surfacesDict.dictionaryKeywords();
 
 	
-
-	multiTriSurface surface;
-	wordVector materials;
-	wordVector motion;
+    auto mSurfaceName = pFlow::word("geometryPhasicFlow_")+pFlow::word(pFlow::triSurfaceFile__);
+	pFlow::multiTriSurface surface
+	(
+		pFlow::objectFile
+		(
+			mSurfaceName,
+			"",
+			pFlow::objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+			pFlow::objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
+		),
+		nullptr
+	);
 	
+	pFlow::wordVector materials;
+	pFlow::wordList materialsList;
+
+	pFlow::wordVector motion;
+	pFlow::wordList motionList;
+
 	for(auto& name:wallsDictName)
 	{
-		REPORT(1)<<"Creating wall "<<greenText(name)<<" from file dictionary . . . "<<endREPORT;
-		auto wallPtr = Wall::create( surfacesDict.subDict(name));
+		REPORT(1)<<"Creating wall "<<Green_Text(name)<<" from dictionary "<<surfacesDict.globalName() <<END_REPORT;
+		auto wallPtr = pFlow::Wall::create( surfacesDict.subDict(name));
 		auto& wall = wallPtr();
-		REPORT(1)<<"wall type is "<<greenText(wall.typeName())<<'\n'<<endREPORT;		
+		REPORT(1)<<"wall type is "<<Green_Text(wall.typeName())<<'\n'<<END_REPORT;		
 
-		realx3x3Vector trinalges(wall.name());
-		trinalges = wall.triangles();
-		surface.addTriSurface(wall.name(), trinalges);
+		pFlow::realx3x3Vector trinalges(wall.name(), wall.triangles());
+		
+		surface.appendSurface(wall.name(), trinalges);
 		materials.push_back(wall.materialName());
+		materialsList.push_back(wall.materialName());
+
 		motion.push_back(wall.motionName());
+		motionList.push_back(wall.motionName());
 	}
 
-	REPORT(1)<<"Selected wall materials are "<<cyanText(materials)<<'\n'<<endREPORT;
-		
-	REPORT(0)<< "\nCreating geometry . . ."<<endREPORT;
-	auto geomPtr = geometry::create(Control, proprties, geometryDict, surface, motion, materials);
-	REPORT(1)<< "geometry type is "<< greenText(geomPtr().typeName())<<endREPORT;
 	
-	REPORT(1)<< "Writing geometry to folder "<< geomPtr().path()<<endREPORT;
-	geomPtr().write();
+	REPORT(1)<<"Selected wall materials are "<<Cyan_Text(materialsList)<<'\n'<<END_REPORT;
+	REPORT(1)<<"Selected wall motion components are "<<Cyan_Text(motionList)<<'\n'<<END_REPORT;
+		
+	REPORT(0)<< "\nCreating geometry . . ."<<END_REPORT;
+	auto geomPtr = pFlow::geometry::create(
+		Control, 
+		proprties, 
+		surface, 
+		motion, 
+		materials, 
+		geometryDict);
+	
+	REPORT(1)<< "geometry type is "<< Green_Text(geomPtr().typeName())<<END_REPORT;
 
-	REPORT(0)<< greenText("\nFinished successfully.\n");
+	Control.time().write(true);
+
+	REPORT(0)<< Green_Text("\nFinished successfully.\n")<<END_REPORT;
 
 // this should be palced in each main 
 #include "finalize.hpp"
diff --git a/utilities/pFlowToVTK/CMakeLists.txt b/utilities/pFlowToVTK/CMakeLists.txt
index db943590..71cac3de 100644
--- a/utilities/pFlowToVTK/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/utilities/pFlowToVTK/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 
 set(source_files 
+fileSeries.cpp
+pointFieldToVTK.cpp
+triSurfaceFieldToVTK.cpp
 pFlowToVTK.cpp 
-geometric.cpp 
+
+#geometric.cpp 
 )
 set(link_lib phasicFlow Kokkos::kokkos Utilities)
 
diff --git a/utilities/pFlowToVTK/fileSeries.cpp b/utilities/pFlowToVTK/fileSeries.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..13764fd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utilities/pFlowToVTK/fileSeries.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#include "fileSeries.hpp"
+#include "oFstream.hpp"
+#include "streams.hpp"
+
+void pFlow::PFtoVTK::fileSeries::writeOneBaseName(const word &baseName)
+{
+    auto& fList = timeFiles_[baseName];
+    word fileName = baseName + ".vtk.series";
+    oFstream os(destDir_+fileName);
+    
+    REPORT(1)<<"Writing to "<<os.name()<<END_REPORT;
+
+    os<<"{\n";
+    os<<"    \"file-series-version\" : \"1.0\",\n";
+    os<<"    \"files\" : [\n";
+    const auto lastItem = std::prev(fList.end());
+    for(auto iter = fList.begin(); iter != fList.end(); ++iter)
+    {
+        os<<"        {\"name\" : \"";
+        os<< iter->second;
+        os<<"\", \"time\" :";
+        os<<iter->first;
+        if(iter == lastItem)
+            os<<"}\n";
+        else
+            os<<"},\n";
+    }
+    os<<"    ]\n";
+    os<<"}\n";
+   
+}
+
+pFlow::PFtoVTK::fileSeries::fileSeries(const fileSystem dest)
+    : destDir_(dest)
+{
+    
+
+}
+
+pFlow::PFtoVTK::fileSeries::~fileSeries()
+{
+    REPORT(0)<<"Writing time series files..."<<END_REPORT;
+    for(const auto& fSeries:timeFiles_)
+    {
+        writeOneBaseName(fSeries.first);
+    }
+}
+
+bool pFlow::PFtoVTK::fileSeries::addTimeFile(const word& baseName, real time, const word &fileName)
+{
+    fileSystem fs(fileName);
+    word relFileName = fs.relative(destDir_).wordPath();
+
+    if( auto [iter, found]=timeFiles_.findIf(baseName); found )
+    {
+        return iter->second.insertIf(time, relFileName);
+    }
+    else
+    {   
+        TimeFileType newList;
+        newList.insertIf(time, relFileName);
+        return timeFiles_.insertIf(baseName, newList);
+    }
+    
+}
+
+bool pFlow::PFtoVTK::fileSeries::addTimeFile(const wordList &baseNames, real time, const wordList &fileNames)
+{
+    if(baseNames.size()!= fileNames.size() )
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<<"sizes of base names and file names are not equal\n";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    for(size_t i=0; i<baseNames.size(); i++)
+    {
+        if(!addTimeFile(baseNames[i], time, fileNames[i]))
+        {
+            fatalErrorInFunction<<"Error in adding multiple time files\n";
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/utilities/pFlowToVTK/fileSeries.hpp b/utilities/pFlowToVTK/fileSeries.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9d49e69d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utilities/pFlowToVTK/fileSeries.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+
+
+
+#ifndef __fileSeries_hpp__
+#define __fileSeries_hpp__
+
+#include "fileStream.hpp"
+#include "Map.hpp"
+
+
+namespace pFlow::PFtoVTK
+{
+
+class fileSeries
+{
+private:
+
+    using TimeFileType = Map<real, word>; 
+    
+    Map<word, TimeFileType>     timeFiles_;
+
+    fileSystem          destDir_;
+
+    void writeOneBaseName(const word& baseName);
+
+public:
+
+    fileSeries(const fileSystem dest);
+        
+    ~fileSeries();
+
+
+    bool addTimeFile(const word& baseName, real time, const word& fileName);
+
+    bool addTimeFile(const wordList& baseNames, real time, const wordList& fileNames);
+};
+
+}
+
+
+#endif //__fileSeries_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utilities/pFlowToVTK/geometric.cpp b/utilities/pFlowToVTK/geometric.cpp
deleted file mode 100755
index b7afbdda..00000000
--- a/utilities/pFlowToVTK/geometric.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
-#include "geometric.hpp"
-
-
-template<>
-bool pFlow::dataToVTK( vtkFile& vtk, const triSurface& surface )
-{
-	
-
-	auto nP = surface.numPoints();
-	auto hPoints = surface.points().hostVector();
-
-	vtk() << "DATASET POLYDATA" << endl;
-	vtk() << "POINTS " << nP << " float" << endl;
-
-
-	for ( auto i=0; i<nP; i++ )
-	{
-		vtk() << hPoints[i].x()  << " " << hPoints[i].y() << " " << hPoints[i].z() << endl;
-		if (!vtk) return false;
-	}
-
-	auto nV = surface.numTriangles();
-	auto hVertices = surface.vertices().hostVector();
-
-	vtk() << "POLYGONS " << nV << "  " << 4*nV << endl;
-
-	for(auto i=0; i<nV; i++)
-	{
-		vtk()<< 3 <<" "<< hVertices[i].x() << " " << hVertices[i].y() <<" "<<hVertices[i].z()<<endl;
-		if (!vtk) return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-} 
-
-template<>
-bool pFlow::dataToVTK( vtkFile& vtk, const multiTriSurface& surface )
-{
-
-	auto nP = surface.numPoints();
-	auto hPoints = surface.points().hostVector();
-
-	vtk() << "DATASET POLYDATA" << endl;
-	vtk() << "POINTS " << nP << " float" << endl;
-
-
-	for ( auto i=0; i<nP; i++ )
-	{
-		vtk() << hPoints[i].x()  << " " << hPoints[i].y() << " " << hPoints[i].z() << endl;
-		if (!vtk) return false;
-	}
-
-	auto nV = surface.numTriangles();
-	auto hVertices = surface.vertices().hostVector();
-
-	vtk() << "POLYGONS " << nV << "  " << 4*nV << endl;
-
-	for(auto i=0; i<nV; i++)
-	{
-		vtk()<< 3 <<" "<< hVertices[i].x() << " " << hVertices[i].y() <<" "<<hVertices[i].z()<<endl;
-		if (!vtk) return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-
-}
diff --git a/utilities/pFlowToVTK/geometric.hpp b/utilities/pFlowToVTK/geometric.hpp
deleted file mode 100755
index 3c1a4313..00000000
--- a/utilities/pFlowToVTK/geometric.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
-  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
-Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
-  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
-  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
-  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
-#ifndef __geometric_hpp__
-#define __geometric_hpp__ 
-
-#include "vtkFile.hpp"
-#include "triSurface.hpp"
-#include "multiTriSurface.hpp"
-#include "IOobject.hpp"
-
-namespace pFlow
-{
-
-
-template<typename ObjType>
-bool geomObjectToVTK(IOfileHeader& header, real time, fileSystem destPath, word bName)
-{
-
-	if( ObjType::TYPENAME() != header.objectType() )return false;
-
-	auto ioObjPtr = IOobject::make<ObjType>(header);
-
-	auto& data = ioObjPtr().template getObject<ObjType>();
-
-	vtkFile vtk(destPath, bName, time);
-
-	if(!vtk) return false;
-
-	REPORT(1)<<"Converting geometry to vtk."<<endREPORT;
-
-	if(!dataToVTK(vtk, data) )
-	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"  error in writing object "<<ioObjPtr().typeName() << " to folder " << destPath<<endl;
-		fatalExit;
-	}
-	
-	return true;
-}
-
-template<typename Type>
-bool dataToVTK(vtkFile& vtk, const Type& dataEntity)
-{
-	fatalErrorInFunction<<
-	"not implemented function!";
-	fatalExit;
-	return false;
-}
-
-template<>
-bool dataToVTK( vtkFile& vtk, const triSurface& surface );
-
-template<>
-bool dataToVTK( vtkFile& vtk, const multiTriSurface& surface );
-
-
-}
-
-#endif //__geometric_hpp__
diff --git a/utilities/pFlowToVTK/pFlowToVTK.cpp b/utilities/pFlowToVTK/pFlowToVTK.cpp
index f4a68e83..d17b8798 100755
--- a/utilities/pFlowToVTK/pFlowToVTK.cpp
+++ b/utilities/pFlowToVTK/pFlowToVTK.cpp
@@ -18,41 +18,31 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
+#include "vocabs.hpp"
 #include "systemControl.hpp"
-#include "pointFieldToVTK.hpp"
-#include "triSurfaceFieldToVTK.hpp"
 #include "timeFolder.hpp"
 #include "commandLine.hpp"
 #include "ranges.hpp"
-#include "readControlDict.hpp"
+#include "Vectors.hpp"
+#include "phasicFlowKokkos.hpp"
+#include "pointFieldToVTK.hpp"
+#include "triSurfaceFieldToVTK.hpp"
+#include "fileSeries.hpp"
+//#include "readControlDict.hpp"
 
-
-using pFlow::word;
-using pFlow::wordVector;
-using pFlow::geometryFolder__;
-using pFlow::timeFolder;
-using pFlow::fileSystem;
-using pFlow::wordList;
-using pFlow::IOfileHeader;
-using pFlow::objectFile;
-using pFlow::output;
-using pFlow::endl;
-using pFlow::multiTriSurface;
-using pFlow::commandLine;
-using pFlow::realCombinedRange;
+bool bindaryOutput__;
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv )
 {
-	word outFolder = (pFlow::CWD()/word("VTK")).wordPath();
+	pFlow::word outFolder = (pFlow::CWD()/pFlow::word("VTK")).wordPath();
 
-	commandLine cmds(
+	pFlow::commandLine cmds(
 		"pFlowToVTK",
 		"Convrtes the saved pointField and geometry"
 		" date in time folders into vtk file format.");
 
-	wordVector times;
-		
+	pFlow::wordVector times;
+		 
 	bool noGoem = false;
 	cmds.add_flag(
 		"--no-geometry",
@@ -64,12 +54,23 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv )
 		noParticle,
 		"Do not convert particle fields to VTK file");
 
+	bindaryOutput__ = false;
+	cmds.add_flag("-b, --binary",
+		bindaryOutput__,
+		"Wrtie vtk file (for particles only) in binary format. Default is ASCII");
+
 	cmds.addOption("-o,--out-folder",
 		outFolder,
 		"path to output folder of VTK",
-		"path");
+		"path"); 
+	
+	bool separateSurfaces = false;
+	cmds.add_flag(
+		"-s,--separate-surfaces",
+		separateSurfaces,
+		"use this when you want to have sub-surfaces in separate files");
 
-	wordVector fields;
+	pFlow::wordVector fields;
 	bool 			 allFields = true;
 	cmds.addOption("-f,--fields",
 		fields.vectorField(),
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv )
 		"a space separated lists of time folders, or a strided range begin:stride:end, or an interval begin:end",
 		" ");
 
-	bool isCoupling = false;
+	//bool isCoupling = false;
 
 	if(!cmds.parse(argc, argv)) return 0;
 	
@@ -91,10 +92,19 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv )
 #include "initialize_Control.hpp"
 
 
-	timeFolder folders(Control);
-	fileSystem destFolder = fileSystem(outFolder)/geometryFolder__;
-	fileSystem destFolderField = fileSystem(outFolder);
-	wordList geomfiles{"triSurface"};
+	if(!bindaryOutput__)
+	{
+		INFORMATION<<"Writing vtk file in binray format will accelerate the conversion (5~10x)"<<
+		" and visualization in paraview."<<
+		" Consider addig flag -b or --binary in the command line."<<END_INFO;
+	}
+
+	pFlow::word formatName = bindaryOutput__?"binary":"ascii";
+
+	pFlow::timeFolder folders(Control);
+	auto destFolderGeometry = pFlow::fileSystem(outFolder)/pFlow::word(pFlow::geometryFolder__);
+	auto destFolderField = pFlow::fileSystem(outFolder)/pFlow::word("particles");
+	pFlow::wordList geomfiles{"triSurface"};
 
 
 	if(cmds.count("--fields"))
@@ -102,7 +112,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv )
 		allFields = false;
 	}
 
-	realCombinedRange validRange;
+	pFlow::realCombinedRange validRange;
 	if( cmds.count("--time") )
 	{
 		if(!validRange.addRanges(times))
@@ -115,32 +125,42 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv )
 		validRange.addIntervalRange(folders.startTime(), folders.endTime());
 	}
 
-	do
 	{
 
+	pFlow::PFtoVTK::fileSeries timeSeries{pFlow::fileSystem(outFolder)};
+	pFlow::word fileName;
+	pFlow::wordList geomFileNames;
+	pFlow::wordList surfNames;
+	do
+	{
+		Control.time().setTime(folders.time());
 		if( !validRange.isMember( folders.time() ) )continue;
 		
-		output<< "time: " << cyanText( folders.time() )<<" s" <<endl;
+		pFlow::output<< "time: " << Cyan_Text( folders.time() )<<" s" <<pFlow::endl;
 		if(!noGoem)
 		{	
-			fileSystem geomFolder = folders.folder()/geometryFolder__;
-			if(!pFlow::TSFtoVTK::convertTimeFolderTriSurfaceFields(geomFolder, folders.time(), destFolder, "surface"))
+			
+			if(!pFlow::TSFtoVTK::convertTimeFolderTriSurfaceFields(
+				Control, destFolderGeometry, "surface", separateSurfaces, surfNames, geomFileNames))
 			{
 				fatalExit;
 				return 1;
-			}	
+			}
+
+			timeSeries.addTimeFile(surfNames, folders.time(), geomFileNames);
 		}
 
 		if(!noParticle)
 		{
-			
+			REPORT(1)<< "Converting pointFields to vtk file in "<< formatName<< " format ..."<<END_REPORT;
 			if(allFields)
 			{
 				if( !pFlow::PFtoVTK::convertTimeFolderPointFields(
-					folders.folder(),
-					folders.time(),
+					Control,
 					destFolderField,
-					"sphereFields" )
+					"particles",
+					fileName 
+					)
 				)
 				{
 					fatalExit;
@@ -148,26 +168,32 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv )
 			}else
 			{
 				if(!pFlow::PFtoVTK::convertTimeFolderPointFieldsSelected(
-					folders.folder(),
-					folders.time(),
+					Control,
 					destFolderField,
-					"sphereFields",
+					"particles",
 					fields,
-					!pFlow::equal(folders.time(),static_cast<pFlow::real>(0.0)) )
+					!pFlow::equal(folders.time(),static_cast<pFlow::real>(0.0)),
+					fileName 
+					)
 				)
 				{
 					fatalExit;
 				}
-			}	
+			}
+
+			timeSeries.addTimeFile("particles", folders.time(), fileName);
+				
 		}
 		
-		output<<endl;
+		pFlow::output<<pFlow::endl;
 
 	}
 	while( folders++ );
 
+	}
 
-	output<< "\nFinished successfully.\n";
+
+	pFlow::output<< "\nFinished successfully.\n";
 
 	
 // this should be palced in each main 
diff --git a/utilities/pFlowToVTK/pointFieldToVTK.cpp b/utilities/pFlowToVTK/pointFieldToVTK.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0f827739
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utilities/pFlowToVTK/pointFieldToVTK.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+#include <regex>
+
+#include "vtkFile.hpp"
+#include "vocabs.hpp"
+#include "pointFieldToVTK.hpp"
+
+
+bool pFlow::PFtoVTK::convertTimeFolderPointFields(
+    systemControl &control,
+    const fileSystem &destPath,
+    const word &bName,
+    word& filename)
+{
+
+    fileSystem timeFolder = control.time().path();
+    // check if pointStructure exist in this folder
+    IOfileHeader pStructHeader(
+        objectFile(
+            pointStructureFile__,
+            timeFolder,
+            objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
+            objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS));
+
+    if (!pStructHeader.headerOk(true))
+    {
+        output << yellowColor << "Time folder " << 
+        control.time().path() << " does not contain any pStructure data file."<<
+        " Skipping this folder . . ."<< defaultColor << nl;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    vtkFile vtk(destPath, bName, control.time().currentTime(), bindaryOutput__);
+
+    if (!vtk)
+        return false;
+
+    filename = vtk.fileName().wordPath();
+
+    REPORT(1);
+    auto pStruct = pointStructure(control);
+
+    // get a list of files in this timeFolder;
+
+    auto posVec = pStruct.pointPositionHost();
+    auto *pos = posVec.data();
+
+    REPORT(2) << ">>> Writing pointStructure to vtk file with " << 
+    Yellow_Text(pStruct.numActive())<< 
+    " active particles" << END_REPORT;
+
+    addUndstrcuturedGridField(
+        vtk(),
+        pos,
+        pStruct.numActive());
+
+    auto fileList = containingFiles(timeFolder);
+
+    for (const auto &file : fileList)
+    {
+
+        IOfileHeader fieldHeader(
+            objectFile(
+                file.fileName(),
+                file.dirPath(),
+                objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
+                objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS));
+
+        if (fieldHeader.headerOk(true))
+        {
+            // 64-bit intergers are not supported for convertion 
+            if(
+                convertRealx3TypePointField(vtk(), fieldHeader, pStruct) ||
+                convertRealTypePointField(vtk(), fieldHeader, pStruct) ||
+                convertIntPointField<uint32>(vtk(), fieldHeader, pStruct) ||
+                //convertIntPointField<uint64>(vtk(), fieldHeader, pStruct) ||
+                convertIntPointField<int32>(vtk(), fieldHeader, pStruct) ||
+                //convertIntPointField<int64>(vtk(), fieldHeader, pStruct)||
+                fieldHeader.objectName() == pointStructureFile__ )
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                WARNING << " This object type, " << 
+                fieldHeader.objectType() << " is not supported" <<
+                END_WARNING;
+            }
+        }
+        output << endl;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::PFtoVTK::convertTimeFolderPointFieldsSelected(
+    systemControl &control,
+    const fileSystem &destPath,
+    const word &bName,
+    const wordVector &fieldsName,
+    bool mustExist,
+    word& filename)
+{
+    fileSystem timeFolder = control.time().path();
+    // check if pointStructure exist in this folder
+    IOfileHeader pStructHeader(
+        objectFile(
+            pointStructureFile__,
+            timeFolder,
+            objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
+            objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS));
+
+    if (!pStructHeader.headerOk(true))
+    {
+        output << yellowColor << "Time folder " << 
+        control.time().path() << 
+        " does not contain any pStructure data file."<<
+        " Skipping this folder . . ."<< defaultColor << nl;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    vtkFile vtk(destPath, bName, control.time().currentTime(), bindaryOutput__);
+
+    if (!vtk)
+        return false;
+    
+    filename = vtk.fileName().wordPath();
+
+    REPORT(1);
+    auto pStruct = pointStructure(control);
+
+    // get a list of files in this timeFolder;
+
+    auto posVec = pStruct.pointPositionHost();
+    auto *pos = posVec.data();
+
+    REPORT(2) << ">>> Writing pointStructure to vtk file with " << 
+    Yellow_Text(pStruct.numActive())
+        << " active particles" << END_REPORT;
+
+    addUndstrcuturedGridField(
+        vtk(),
+        pos,
+        pStruct.numActive());
+
+    auto fileList = containingFiles(timeFolder);
+
+    for (const auto &fname : fieldsName)
+    {
+        fileSystem fieldAddress = timeFolder + fname;
+
+        IOfileHeader fieldHeader(
+            objectFile(
+                fname,
+                timeFolder,
+                objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
+                objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS));
+
+        if (fieldHeader.headerOk(true))
+        {
+            if (
+                // 64-bit intergers are not supported for convertion 
+                convertRealx3TypePointField(vtk(), fieldHeader, pStruct) ||
+                convertRealTypePointField(vtk(), fieldHeader, pStruct) ||
+                convertIntPointField<uint32>(vtk(), fieldHeader, pStruct) ||
+               // convertIntPointField<uint64>(vtk(), fieldHeader, pStruct) ||
+                convertIntPointField<int32>(vtk(), fieldHeader, pStruct) ||
+                //convertIntPointField<int64>(vtk(), fieldHeader, pStruct) ||
+                fieldHeader.objectName() == pointStructureFile__ )
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                
+                WARNING << " This object type, " << 
+                fieldHeader.objectType() << " is not supported" << 
+                END_WARNING;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (mustExist)
+            {
+                fatalErrorInFunction << "Field " << fieldAddress << 
+                " does not exist." << endl;
+                return false;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                REPORT(2) << "Could not find " << Yellow_Text(fieldAddress) <<
+                 ". Skipping this field . . ." << END_REPORT;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+bool pFlow::PFtoVTK::addUndstrcuturedGridField(
+    Ostream &os,
+    realx3 *position,
+    uint32 numPoints)
+{
+
+    os << "DATASET UNSTRUCTURED_GRID\n";
+    
+    if (numPoints == 0)
+        return true;
+
+    os << "POINTS " << numPoints << " float"<<'\n';
+    if(bindaryOutput__)
+    {    
+        for(uint32 i=0; i<numPoints; i++)
+        {           
+            float x =  byteSwaper(static_cast<float>(position[i].x()));
+            float y =  byteSwaper(static_cast<float>(position[i].y()));
+            float z =  byteSwaper(static_cast<float>(position[i].z()));
+            os.stdStream().write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&x), sizeof(x));
+            os.stdStream().write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&y), sizeof(y));
+            os.stdStream().write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&z), sizeof(z));
+        }
+        os<<'\n';
+        os << "CELLS " << numPoints << ' ' << 2 * numPoints<<'\n';
+        
+        const int32 one_ro = byteSwaper(1);
+        for (int i = 0; i < numPoints; i++)
+        {
+            int pN = byteSwaper(i);
+            os.stdStream().write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&one_ro), sizeof(one_ro));
+            os.stdStream().write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&pN), sizeof(pN));
+        }
+        os<<'\n';
+        os << "CELL_TYPES " << numPoints<<'\n';
+        for (int32 i = 0; i < numPoints; i++)
+        {
+            os.stdStream().write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&one_ro), sizeof(one_ro));
+        }
+        os<<'\n';
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        for (uint32 i = 0; i < numPoints; i++)
+        {
+            os << position[i].x() << 
+            ' ' << position[i].y() << 
+            ' ' << position[i].z() << '\n';
+        }
+
+        os << "CELLS " << numPoints << ' ' << 2 * numPoints << '\n';
+        for (uint32 i = 0; i < numPoints; i++)
+        {
+            os << 1 << ' ' << i << '\n';
+        }
+
+        os << "CELL_TYPES " << numPoints << '\n';
+
+        for (int32 i = 0; i < numPoints; i++)
+        {
+            os << 1 << '\n';
+        }
+
+    }
+    
+    os << "POINT_DATA " << numPoints << endl;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::PFtoVTK::convertRealTypePointField(
+    Ostream &os,
+    const IOfileHeader &header,
+    pointStructure &pStruct)
+{
+    word objectType = header.objectType();
+
+    if (!checkFieldType<real>(objectType))
+        return false;
+
+    REPORT(1);
+    auto field = realPointField_H(
+        header,
+        pStruct,
+        static_cast<real>(0));
+
+    real const *data = field.deviceViewAll().data();
+
+    REPORT(2) << ">>> Writing " << Green_Text(header.objectName()) << 
+    " field to vtk." << END_REPORT;
+
+    return addRealPointField(
+        os,
+        header.objectName(),
+        data,
+        pStruct.numActive());
+}
+
+bool pFlow::PFtoVTK::convertRealx3TypePointField(
+    Ostream &os,
+    const IOfileHeader &header,
+    pointStructure &pStruct)
+{
+    word objectType = header.objectType();
+
+    if (!checkFieldType<realx3>(objectType))
+        return false;
+
+    REPORT(1);
+    auto field = realx3PointField_H(
+        header,
+        pStruct,
+        {0.0, 0.0, 0.0});
+
+    realx3 const *data = field.deviceViewAll().data();
+
+    REPORT(2) << ">>> Writing " << Green_Text(header.objectName()) << 
+    " field to vtk." << END_REPORT;
+
+    return addRealx3PointField(
+        os,
+        header.objectName(),
+        data,
+        pStruct.numActive());
+}
+
+bool pFlow::PFtoVTK::addRealPointField(
+    Ostream &os,
+    const word &fieldName,
+    const real *field,
+    uint32 numData)
+{
+    if (numData == 0)
+        return true;
+
+    os << "FIELD FieldData 1\n"
+       << fieldName << " 1 " << numData << " float\n";
+    if(bindaryOutput__)
+    {
+        for (uint32 i = 0; i < numData; ++i)
+        {
+            float x =  byteSwaper(static_cast<float>(field[i]));
+            os.stdStream().write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&x), sizeof(x));
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        for (uint32 i = 0; i < numData; ++i)
+        {
+            os << field[i] << '\n';
+        }
+
+    }
+    
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::PFtoVTK::addRealx3PointField(
+    Ostream &os,
+    const word &fieldName,
+    const realx3 *field,
+    uint32 numData)
+{
+    if (numData == 0)
+        return true;
+
+    os << "FIELD FieldData 1\n"
+       << fieldName << " 3 " << numData << " float\n";
+
+    if(bindaryOutput__)
+    {
+        for(uint32 i=0; i<numData; i++)
+        {
+            float x =  byteSwaper(static_cast<float>(field[i].x()));
+            float y =  byteSwaper(static_cast<float>(field[i].y()));
+            float z =  byteSwaper(static_cast<float>(field[i].z()));
+            os.stdStream().write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&x), sizeof(x));
+            os.stdStream().write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&y), sizeof(y));
+            os.stdStream().write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&z), sizeof(z));
+        }
+        os<<'\n';
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        for (uint32 i = 0; i < numData; ++i)
+        {
+            os << field[i].x() << 
+            ' ' << field[i].y() << 
+            ' ' << field[i].z() << '\n';
+        }
+    }
+    
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::PFtoVTK::regexCheck(const word &TYPENAME, const word &fieldType)
+{
+    std::regex match("pointField\\<([A-Za-z1-9_]*)\\,([A-Za-z1-9_]*)\\>");
+    std::smatch search1;
+    std::smatch search2;
+    if (!std::regex_match(fieldType, search1, match))
+        return false;
+    if (!std::regex_match(TYPENAME, search2, match))
+        return false;
+    if (search1.size() != 3)
+        return false;
+    if (search1.size() != search2.size())
+        return false;
+    return search1[1] == search2[1];
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utilities/pFlowToVTK/pointFieldToVTK.hpp b/utilities/pFlowToVTK/pointFieldToVTK.hpp
index 1229ab3d..eed2d60d 100755
--- a/utilities/pFlowToVTK/pointFieldToVTK.hpp
+++ b/utilities/pFlowToVTK/pointFieldToVTK.hpp
@@ -1,451 +1,176 @@
 /*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
-      O        C enter of
-     O O       E ngineering and
-    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+	  O        C enter of
+	 O O       E ngineering and
+	O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
 #ifndef __pointFieldToVTK_hpp__
 #define __pointFieldToVTK_hpp__
 
-#include <regex>
-
-#include "vtkFile.hpp"
+#include "systemControl.hpp"
+#include "pointStructure.hpp"
 #include "pointFields.hpp"
-#include "IOobject.hpp"
+#include "vtkByteSwapper.hpp"
+
+extern bool bindaryOutput__;
 
 namespace pFlow::PFtoVTK
 {
 
-template<typename IntType, typename IncludeMaskType>
-bool addIntPointField(
-	iOstream& 	os,
-	word 		fieldName,
-	int32 		numActivePoints,
-	IntType* 		field,
-	IncludeMaskType includeMask );
+	bool convertTimeFolderPointFields(
+		systemControl &control,
+		const fileSystem &destPath,
+		const word &bName,
+		word& filename);
 
-template<typename IncludeMaskType>
-bool addRealPointField(
-	iOstream& 	os,
-	word 		fieldName,
-	int32 		numActivePoints,
-	real* 		field,
-	IncludeMaskType includeMask );
+	bool convertTimeFolderPointFieldsSelected(
+		systemControl &control,
+		const fileSystem &destPath,
+		const word &bName,
+		const wordVector &fieldsName,
+		bool mustExist,
+		word& filename);
 
-template<typename IncludeMaskType>
-bool addRealx3PointField(
-	iOstream& 	os,
-	word 		fieldName,
-	int32 		numActivePoints,
-	realx3* 	field,
-	IncludeMaskType includeMask );
+	bool addUndstrcuturedGridField(
+		Ostream &os,
+		realx3 *position,
+		uint32 numPoints);
 
-bool regexCheck(word TYPENAME, word fieldType)
-{
-	std::regex match("pointField\\<([A-Za-z1-9_]*)\\,([A-Za-z1-9_]*)\\>");
-	std::smatch search1, search2;
-	if(!std::regex_match(fieldType, search1, match))return false;
-	if(!std::regex_match(TYPENAME, search2, match))return false;
-	if(search1.size()!=3)return false;
-	if(search1.size()!=search2.size())return false;
-	return search1[1] == search2[1];
-}
+	bool convertRealTypePointField(
+		Ostream &os,
+		const IOfileHeader &header,
+		pointStructure &pStruct);
 
-template<typename Type>
-bool checkFieldType(word objectType)
-{
-	//if( pointField<VectorSingle,Type>::TYPENAME() == objectType )return true;
-	//if( pointField<VectorSingle,Type, HostSpace>::TYPENAME() == objectType ) return true;
-	//if( pointField<VectorDual, Type>::TYPENAME() == objectType )return true;
-	return regexCheck(pointField<VectorSingle,Type>::TYPENAME(), objectType);
-	
-}
+	bool convertRealx3TypePointField(
+		Ostream &os,
+		const IOfileHeader &header,
+		pointStructure &pStruct);
 
-template<typename T>
-bool convertIntPointField
-(
-	iOstream& os,
-	const IOfileHeader& header,
-	const pointStructure& pStruct
-)
-{
+	template <typename IntType>
+	bool addIntPointField(
+		Ostream &os,
+		const word &fieldName,
+		IntType *field,
+		uint32 numData);
 
-	using PointFieldType = pointField<VectorSingle, T, HostSpace>;
+	bool addRealPointField(
+		Ostream &os,
+		const word &fieldName,
+		const real *field,
+		uint32 numData);
 
-	word objectType = header.objectType();
+	bool addRealx3PointField(
+		Ostream &os,
+		const word &fieldName,
+		const realx3 *field,
+		uint32 numData);
 
-	if(!checkFieldType<T>(objectType))
+	template <typename Type>
+	bool checkFieldType(word objectType);
+
+	bool regexCheck(const word &TYPENAME, const word &fieldType);
+
+	template <typename Type>
+	inline bool checkFieldType(word objectType)
 	{
-		return false;
+		return regexCheck(pointField<Type>::TYPENAME(), objectType);
 	}
 
-	auto objField = IOobject::make<PointFieldType>
-	(
-		header,
-		pStruct,
-		static_cast<T>(0)
-	);
-
-	auto& Field = objField().template getObject<PointFieldType>();
-
-	T* data = Field.deviceVectorAll().data();
-	
-	REPORT(2)<<"writing "<< greenColor <<header.objectName()<<defaultColor<<" field to vtk.\n";
-
-	return addIntPointField(
-		os,
-		header.objectName(),
-		pStruct.numActive(),
-		data,
-		pStruct.activePointsMaskH() );
-}
-
-
-bool convertRealTypePointField(
-	iOstream& os,
-	const IOfileHeader& header,
-	const pointStructure& pStruct)
-{
-	word objectType = header.objectType();
-
-	if(!checkFieldType<real>(objectType))return false;
-
-	auto objField = IOobject::make<realPointField_H>
-	(
-		header,
-		pStruct,
-		static_cast<real>(0)
-	);
-
-	auto& Field = objField().getObject<realPointField_H>();
-
-	real* data = Field.hostVectorAll().data();
-	
-	REPORT(2)<<"writing "<< greenColor <<header.objectName()<<defaultColor<<" field to vtk."<<endREPORT;
-
-	return addRealPointField(
-		os,
-		header.objectName(),
-		pStruct.numActive(),
-		data,
-		pStruct.activePointsMaskH() );
-}
-
-bool convertRealx3TypePointField(
-	iOstream& os,
-	const IOfileHeader& header,
-	const pointStructure& pStruct)
-{
-	word objectType = header.objectType();
-
-	if(!checkFieldType<realx3>(objectType))return false;
-
-	auto objField = IOobject::make<realx3PointField_H>
-	(
-		header,
-		pStruct,
-		static_cast<real>(0)
-	);
-
-	auto& Field = objField().getObject<realx3PointField_H>();
-
-	realx3* data = Field.hostVectorAll().data();
-	
-	REPORT(2)<<"writing "<< greenColor <<header.objectName()<<defaultColor<<" field to vtk."<<endREPORT;
-
-	return addRealx3PointField(
-		os,
-		header.objectName(),
-		pStruct.numActive(),
-		data,
-		pStruct.activePointsMaskH() );
-}
-
-
-template<typename IncludeMaskType>
-bool addUndstrcuturedGridField(
-	iOstream& 	os,
-	int32 		numActivePoints,
-	realx3* 	position,
-	IncludeMaskType includeMask)
-{
-
-	auto [iFirst, iLast] = includeMask.activeRange();
-
-	os<< "DATASET UNSTRUCTURED_GRID\n";
-	os<< "POINTS "<< numActivePoints << " float\n"; 
-	
-	if(numActivePoints==0) return true;
-	
-	for(int32 i=iFirst; i<iLast; ++i)
+	template <typename IntType>
+	inline bool convertIntPointField(
+		Ostream &os,
+		const IOfileHeader &header,
+		pointStructure &pStruct)
 	{
-		if(includeMask(i))
-			os<< position[i].x()<<' '<< position[i].y()<<' '<<position[i].z()<<'\n';
-	}
 
-	os<<"CELLS "<< numActivePoints<<' '<< 2*numActivePoints<<'\n';
-	for(int32 i=0; i<numActivePoints; i++)
-	{
-		os<< 1 <<' '<< i<<'\n';
-	}
+		using PointFieldType = pointField<IntType, HostSpace>;
 
-	os<<"CELL_TYPES "<< numActivePoints<<'\n';
+		word objectType = header.objectType();
 
-	for(int32 i=0; i<numActivePoints; i++)
-	{
-		os<< 1 <<'\n';
-	}
-	
-	os << "POINT_DATA " << numActivePoints << endl;
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-
-template<typename IntType, typename IncludeMaskType>
-bool addIntPointField(
-	iOstream& 	os,
-	word 		fieldName,
-	int32 		numActivePoints,
-	IntType* 		field,
-	IncludeMaskType includeMask )
-{
-	if(numActivePoints==0) return true;
-
-	auto [iFirst, iLast] = includeMask.activeRange();
-
-	os << "FIELD FieldData 1\n"<<
-	fieldName << " 1 " << numActivePoints << " int\n";
-	for(int32 i=iFirst; i<iLast; ++i)
-	{
-		if(includeMask(i))
-			os<< field[i] <<'\n';
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-template<typename IncludeMaskType>
-bool addRealPointField(
-	iOstream& 	os,
-	word 		fieldName,
-	int32 		numActivePoints,
-	real* 		field,
-	IncludeMaskType includeMask )
-{
-	if(numActivePoints==0) return true;
-
-	auto [iFirst, iLast] = includeMask.activeRange();
-
-	os << "FIELD FieldData 1\n"<<
-	fieldName << " 1 " << numActivePoints << " float\n";
-	for(int32 i=iFirst; i<iLast; ++i)
-	{
-		if(includeMask(i))
-			os<< field[i] <<'\n';
-	}
-	return true;
-}
-
-template<typename IncludeMaskType>
-bool addRealx3PointField(
-	iOstream& 	os,
-	word 		fieldName,
-	int32 		numActivePoints,
-	realx3* 	field,
-	IncludeMaskType includeMask )
-{
-	if(numActivePoints==0) return true;
-
-	auto [iFirst, iLast] = includeMask.activeRange();
-
-	os << "FIELD FieldData 1\n"<<
-	fieldName << " 3 " << numActivePoints << " float\n";
-	for(int32 i=iFirst; i<iLast; ++i)
-	{
-		if(includeMask(i))
-			os<< field[i].x()<<' '<< field[i].y()<<' '<<field[i].z()<<'\n';
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-
-bool convertTimeFolderPointFields( 
-	fileSystem timeFolder,
-	real time,
-	fileSystem destPath,
-	word bName)
-{
-
-	// check if pointStructure exist in this folder 
-	IOfileHeader pStructHeader(
-		objectFile(
-			pointStructureFile__,
-			timeFolder,
-			objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
-			objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS)
-		);
-
-	if( !pStructHeader.headerOk(true) )
-	{
-		output<<yellowColor<<"Time folder "<< timeFolder <<
-		" does not contain any pStructure data file. Skipping this folder . . ."
-		<<defaultColor<<nl;
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	vtkFile vtk(destPath, bName, time);
-
-	if(!vtk) return false;
-
-	auto pStructObjPtr = IOobject::make<pointStructure>(pStructHeader);
-	auto& pStruct = pStructObjPtr().getObject<pointStructure>();
-
-	// get a list of files in this timeFolder;
-
-	auto posVec = std::as_const(pStruct).pointPosition().hostVectorAll();
-	auto* pos = posVec.data();
-
-	REPORT(1)<<"Writing pointStructure to vtk file with "<< yellowText(pStruct.numActive())
-					 <<" active particles"<<endREPORT;
-	addUndstrcuturedGridField(
-		vtk(),
-		pStruct.numActive(),
-		pos,
-		pStruct.activePointsMaskH());
-
-	auto fileList = containingFiles(timeFolder);
-
-
-	for(auto& file:fileList)
-	{
-		IOfileHeader fieldHeader(
-			objectFile(
-			file.wordPath(),
-			"",
-			objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
-			objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS) );
-
-		if( fieldHeader.headerOk(true) )
+		if (!checkFieldType<IntType>(objectType))
 		{
-			convertIntPointField<int32>(vtk(), fieldHeader, pStruct);
-			convertIntPointField<int64>(vtk(), fieldHeader, pStruct);
-			convertIntPointField<int8>(vtk(), fieldHeader, pStruct);
-			convertRealTypePointField(vtk(), fieldHeader, pStruct);
-			convertRealx3TypePointField(vtk(), fieldHeader, pStruct);
+			return false;
 		}
+
+		REPORT(1);
+		auto field = PointFieldType(
+			header,
+			pStruct,
+			static_cast<IntType>(0));
+
+		const IntType *data = field.deviceViewAll().data();
+
+		REPORT(2) << ">>> Writing " << Green_Text(header.objectName()) << " field to vtk.\n";
+
+		return addIntPointField(
+			os,
+			header.objectName(),
+			data,
+			pStruct.numActive());
 	}
 
-	return true;
-}
-
-
-
-bool convertTimeFolderPointFieldsSelected( 
-	fileSystem 			timeFolder,
-	real 				time,
-	fileSystem 			destPath,
-	word 				bName,
-	wordVector 			fieldsName,
-	bool 				mustExist)
-{
-
-	// check if pointStructure exist in this folder 
-	IOfileHeader pStructHeader(
-		objectFile(
-			pointStructureFile__,
-			timeFolder,
-			objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
-			objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS)
-		);
-
-	if( !pStructHeader.headerOk(true) )
+	template <typename IntType>
+	inline bool addIntPointField(
+		Ostream &os,
+		const word &fieldName,
+		IntType *field,
+		uint32 numData)
 	{
-		output<<yellowColor<<"Time folder "<< timeFolder <<
-		" does not contain any pStructure data file. Skipping this folder . . ."
-		<<defaultColor<<nl;
-		return true;
-	}
 
-	vtkFile vtk(destPath, bName, time);
+		if (numData == 0)
+			return true;
 
-	if(!vtk) return false;
-
-	auto pStructObjPtr = IOobject::make<pointStructure>(pStructHeader);
-	auto& pStruct = pStructObjPtr().getObject<pointStructure>();
-
-	// get a list of files in this timeFolder;
-
-	auto posVec = std::as_const(pStruct).pointPosition().hostVectorAll();
-	auto* pos = posVec.data();
-
-	REPORT(1)<<"Writing pointStructure to vtk file with "<< yellowText(pStruct.numActive())
-					 <<" active particles"<<endREPORT;
-	addUndstrcuturedGridField(
-		vtk(),
-		pStruct.numActive(),
-		pos,
-		pStruct.activePointsMaskH());
-
-	auto fileList = containingFiles(timeFolder);
-
-
-	for(auto& fname:fieldsName)
-	{
-		fileSystem fieldAddress = timeFolder+fname;
-		
-		IOfileHeader fieldHeader(
-			objectFile(
-			fieldAddress.wordPath(),
-			"",
-			objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
-			objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS) );
-
-		if( fieldHeader.headerOk(true) )
+		if(std::is_same_v<IntType, int> || std::is_same_v<IntType, const int> )
 		{
-			convertIntPointField<int32>(vtk(), fieldHeader, pStruct);
-			convertIntPointField<int64>(vtk(), fieldHeader, pStruct);
-			convertIntPointField<int8>(vtk(), fieldHeader, pStruct);
-			convertRealTypePointField(vtk(), fieldHeader, pStruct);
-			convertRealx3TypePointField(vtk(), fieldHeader, pStruct);
+			os << "FIELD FieldData 1\n"
+		   		<< fieldName << " 1 " << numData << " int\n";
+		}
+		else if( std::is_same_v<IntType, unsigned int>|| std::is_same_v<IntType, const unsigned int>)
+		{
+			os << "FIELD FieldData 1\n"
+		   		<< fieldName << " 1 " << numData << " unsigned_int\n";
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			if(mustExist)
+			WARNING<<"Field "<< fieldName<< " has invalid data type for conversion. Type is "
+			<<getTypeName<IntType>()<<END_WARNING;
+			return false; 
+		}
+
+		if(bindaryOutput__)
+		{
+			for (uint32 i = 0; i < numData; ++i)
 			{
-				fatalErrorInFunction<<"Field " << fieldAddress << 
-				" does not exist."<<endl;
-				return false;
+				IntType val = byteSwaper(field[i]);
+				os.stdStream().write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&val), sizeof(IntType));
 			}
-			else
+			os<<'\n';
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			for (uint32 i = 0; i < numData; ++i)
 			{
-				REPORT(1)<<"Could not find "<<yellowText(fieldAddress) <<" skipping . . ."<<endREPORT;
+				os << field[i] << '\n';
 			}
 		}
+		
+		return true;
 	}
 
-	return true;
 }
 
- 
-}
-
-
-
-#endif 
+#endif
diff --git a/utilities/pFlowToVTK/triSurfaceFieldToVTK.cpp b/utilities/pFlowToVTK/triSurfaceFieldToVTK.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2d6987a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utilities/pFlowToVTK/triSurfaceFieldToVTK.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+#include "vocabs.hpp"
+#include "vtkFile.hpp"
+#include "triSurfaceFieldToVTK.hpp"
+
+bool pFlow::TSFtoVTK::convertTimeFolderTriSurfaceFields(
+    systemControl &control,
+    const fileSystem &destPath,
+    const word &bName,
+    bool separate,
+    wordList& surfNames,
+    wordList& fileNames)
+{
+
+    auto timeFolder = control.geometry().path();
+    
+    surfNames.clear();
+    fileNames.clear();
+
+    // check if pointStructure exist in this folder
+    IOfileHeader triSurfaeHeader(
+        objectFile(
+            triSurfaceFile__,
+            timeFolder,
+            objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
+            objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS));
+
+    if (!triSurfaeHeader.headerOk(true))
+    {
+        WARNING << "Time folder " << timeFolder << " does not contain any triSurface data file."
+                << " Skipping this folder . . ." << END_WARNING;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    auto triSurfaceObj = multiTriSurface(
+        objectFile(
+            triSurfaceFile__,
+            "",
+            objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
+            objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS),
+        &control.geometry());
+
+    if(separate)
+    {
+        return convertTimeFolderTriSurfaceFieldsSeparate(
+            triSurfaceObj,
+            destPath,
+            control.time().currentTime(),
+            bName,
+            surfNames,
+            fileNames);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return convertTimeFolderTriSurfaceFieldsSingle(
+            triSurfaceObj,
+            destPath,
+            control.time().currentTime(),
+            bName,
+            surfNames,
+            fileNames );
+    }
+}
+
+bool pFlow::TSFtoVTK::triSurfaceToVTK(
+    Ostream &os, 
+    const realx3 *points, 
+    const uint32x3 *vertices, 
+    const subSurface &subSurf)
+{
+    auto nP = subSurf.numPoints();
+	
+	os << "DATASET UNSTRUCTURED_GRID" << endl;
+	os << "POINTS " << nP << " float" << endl;
+
+	for ( auto i=subSurf.pointStart(); i<subSurf.pointEnd(); i++ )
+	{
+		os << points[i].x()  << 
+        " " << points[i].y() << 
+        " " << points[i].z() << endl;
+		if (!os) return false;
+	}
+
+	auto nTri = subSurf.size();
+	
+	os << "CELLS " << nTri << " " << 4*nTri << endl;
+
+	for(auto i=subSurf.start(); i<subSurf.end(); i++)
+	{
+		os<< 3 <<
+        " "<< vertices[i].x()-subSurf.pointStart() << 
+        " "<< vertices[i].y()-subSurf.pointStart() <<
+        " "<< vertices[i].z()-subSurf.pointStart()<<endl;
+		if (!os) return false;
+	}
+
+    os<<"CELL_TYPES "<< nTri<<'\n';
+
+	for(uint32 i=0; i<nTri; i++)
+	{
+		os<< 5 <<'\n';
+	}
+	
+	os << "CELL_DATA " << nTri << endl;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::TSFtoVTK::triSurfaceToVTK(
+    Ostream &os, 
+    const realx3 *points, 
+    const uint32x3 *vertices, 
+    uint32 numPoints, 
+    uint32 numTris)
+{
+
+	os << "DATASET UNSTRUCTURED_GRID" << endl;
+	os << "POINTS " << numPoints << " float" << endl;
+
+	for ( auto i=0; i<numPoints; i++ )
+	{
+		os << points[i].x()  << 
+        " " << points[i].y() << 
+        " " << points[i].z() << endl;
+		if (!os) return false;
+	}
+	
+	os << "CELLS " << numTris << " " << 4*numTris << endl;
+
+	for(auto i=0; i<numTris; i++)
+	{
+		os<< 3 <<
+        " "<< vertices[i].x()<< 
+        " "<< vertices[i].y()<<
+        " "<< vertices[i].z()<<endl;
+		if (!os) return false;
+	}
+
+    os<<"CELL_TYPES "<< numTris<<'\n';
+
+	for(uint32 i=0; i<numTris; i++)
+	{
+		os<< 5 <<'\n';
+	}
+	
+	os << "CELL_DATA " << numTris << endl;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::TSFtoVTK::convertTimeFolderTriSurfaceFieldsSingle
+(
+    multiTriSurface &surface, 
+    const fileSystem &destPath,
+    real time, 
+    const word &bName,
+    wordList& surfNames,
+	wordList& fileNames
+)
+{
+    vtkFile vtk(destPath, bName, time, false);
+
+    if (!vtk)
+        return false;
+    
+    auto hPoints = surface.points().hostView();
+    auto hVertices = surface.vertices().hostView();
+
+    realx3 const* pData = hPoints.data();
+    uint32x3 const* vData = hVertices.data();
+
+    REPORT(2) << "Wrting surface to "<<
+    Green_Text(vtk.fileName()) << END_REPORT;
+    
+    if (! triSurfaceToVTK(
+        vtk(), 
+        pData, 
+        vData, 
+        surface.numPoints(), 
+        surface.size()))
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction << 
+        "error in writing triSurface data to vtk file " << 
+        vtk.fileName() << endl;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto fileList = containingFiles(surface.path().dirPath());
+
+    for(const auto& file:fileList)
+    {
+        IOfileHeader fieldHeader(
+            objectFile(
+            file.fileName(),
+            file.dirPath(), 
+            objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
+            objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS) );
+
+        if( fieldHeader.headerOk(true) )
+        {            
+            convertRealx3TypetriSurfaceField(vtk(), fieldHeader, surface);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    surfNames.push_back(bName);
+    fileNames.push_back(vtk.fileName().wordPath());
+
+    output<<endl;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::TSFtoVTK::convertTimeFolderTriSurfaceFieldsSeparate(
+    multiTriSurface &surface, 
+    const fileSystem &destPath, 
+    real time, 
+    const word &bName,
+    wordList& surfNames,
+    wordList& fileNames)
+{
+    
+    auto hPoints = surface.points().hostView();
+    auto hVertices = surface.vertices().hostView();
+
+    realx3 const* pData = hPoints.data();
+    uint32x3 const* vData = hVertices.data();
+
+    REPORT(1) << "Wrting triSurface geometry to vtk file . . ."<<
+    END_REPORT;
+
+    wordList sNames, fNames;
+
+    auto nSurf = surface.numSurfaces();
+    for(auto nS=0; nS<nSurf; nS++)
+    {
+        auto sName = surface.subSurfaceName(nS); 
+        word fName = groupNames(bName,sName,'_');   
+        vtkFile vtk(destPath, fName, time, false);
+        REPORT(2) << "Wrting sub-surface to "<<
+        Green_Text(vtk.fileName())<<END_REPORT;
+
+        if (!vtk)
+            return false;
+
+        fNames.push_back(vtk.fileName().wordPath());
+        sNames.push_back(fName);
+
+        if (! triSurfaceToVTK(
+            vtk(), 
+            pData, 
+            vData, 
+            surface.subSurfaces()[nS]) )
+        {
+            fatalErrorInFunction << 
+            "error in writing triSurface data to vtk file " << 
+            vtk.fileName() << endl;
+            return false;
+        }
+    } 
+
+    auto fileList = containingFiles(surface.path().dirPath());
+
+    for(const auto& file:fileList)
+    {
+        IOfileHeader fieldHeader(
+            objectFile(
+            file.fileName(),
+            file.dirPath(), 
+            objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
+            objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS) );
+
+        if( fieldHeader.headerOk(true) )
+        {
+            convertRealx3TypetriSurfaceFieldSeparate(
+                destPath,
+                fieldHeader,
+                surface,
+                bName,
+                time);
+        }
+
+    } 
+
+    fileNames = fNames;
+    surfNames = sNames;
+    output<<endl;
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+bool pFlow::TSFtoVTK::convertRealx3TypetriSurfaceField(
+	Ostream& os,
+	const IOfileHeader& header,
+	multiTriSurface& tSurface)
+{
+	word objectType = header.objectType();
+    
+	if(!checkTriFieldType<realx3>(objectType))return false;
+
+	auto field = realx3TriSurfaceField_H
+	(
+		header,
+		tSurface,
+		static_cast<real>(0)
+	);
+
+	const realx3* data = field.deviceViewAll().data();
+	
+	REPORT(1)<<"writing "<< greenColor <<header.objectName()<<
+    defaultColor<<" field to vtk."<<END_REPORT;
+
+    return pFlow::PFtoVTK::addRealx3PointField
+    (
+        os, 
+        header.objectName(),
+        data,
+        field.size()
+    );
+}
+
+
+bool pFlow::TSFtoVTK::convertRealx3TypetriSurfaceFieldSeparate
+(
+	const fileSystem& destPath,
+	const IOfileHeader& header,
+	multiTriSurface& tSurface,
+    const word& bName,
+    real time
+)
+{
+    word objectType = header.objectType();
+    
+	if(!checkTriFieldType<realx3>(objectType))return false;
+
+	auto field = realx3TriSurfaceField_H
+	(
+		header,
+		tSurface,
+		static_cast<real>(0)
+	);
+
+	const realx3* data = field.deviceViewAll().data();
+	
+	/*REPORT(1)<<"writing "<< greenColor <<header.objectName()<<
+    defaultColor<<" field to vtk."<<END_REPORT;*/
+
+    auto nSurf = tSurface.numSurfaces();
+
+    for(auto nS=0; nS<nSurf; nS++)
+    {
+        auto& subSurf = tSurface.subSurfaces()[nS];
+
+        auto sName = subSurf.name();    
+        vtkFile vtk(destPath, groupNames(bName,sName,'_'), time, false, true);
+        REPORT(2) << "Wrting sub-surface to "<<
+        Green_Text(vtk.fileName())<<END_REPORT;
+
+        pFlow::PFtoVTK::addRealx3PointField
+        (
+            vtk(), 
+            header.objectName(),
+            data+subSurf.start(),
+            subSurf.size()
+        );
+    }
+
+    return true;
+    /*return pFlow::PFtoVTK::addRealx3PointField
+    (
+        os, 
+        header.objectName(),
+        data,
+        field.size()
+    );*/
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utilities/pFlowToVTK/triSurfaceFieldToVTK.hpp b/utilities/pFlowToVTK/triSurfaceFieldToVTK.hpp
index d749a637..0b1bc12c 100644
--- a/utilities/pFlowToVTK/triSurfaceFieldToVTK.hpp
+++ b/utilities/pFlowToVTK/triSurfaceFieldToVTK.hpp
@@ -24,19 +24,57 @@ Licence:
 
 #include <regex>
 
-#include "vtkFile.hpp"
+#include "pointFieldToVTK.hpp"
 #include "triSurface.hpp"
 #include "multiTriSurface.hpp"
 #include "triSurfaceFields.hpp"
-#include "IOobject.hpp"
+
 
 namespace pFlow::TSFtoVTK
 {
 
-bool regexCheck(word TYPENAME, word fieldType)
+bool convertTimeFolderTriSurfaceFields( 
+	systemControl& control,
+	const fileSystem& destPath,
+	const word& bName,
+	bool separate,
+	wordList& surfNames,
+	wordList& fileNames);
+
+
+bool triSurfaceToVTK(Ostream &os,
+					const realx3 *points,
+					const uint32x3 *vertices,
+					const subSurface &subSurf);
+
+bool triSurfaceToVTK(Ostream &os,
+					const realx3* points,
+					const uint32x3* vertices,
+					uint32 numPoints,
+					uint32 numTris);
+
+bool convertTimeFolderTriSurfaceFieldsSingle( 
+	multiTriSurface& surface,
+	const fileSystem& destPath,
+	real  time,
+	const word& bName,
+	wordList& surfNames,
+	wordList& fileNames);
+
+bool convertTimeFolderTriSurfaceFieldsSeparate( 
+	multiTriSurface& surface,
+	const fileSystem& destPath,
+	real  time,
+	const word& bName,
+	wordList& surfNames,
+	wordList& fileNames);
+
+inline
+bool regexCheck(const word& TYPENAME, const word& fieldType)
 {
 	std::regex match("triSurfaceField\\<([A-Za-z1-9_]*)\\,([A-Za-z1-9_]*)\\>");
-	std::smatch search1, search2;
+	std::smatch search1;
+	std::smatch search2;
 	if(!std::regex_match(fieldType, search1, match))return false;
 	if(!std::regex_match(TYPENAME, search2, match))return false;
 	if(search1.size()!=3)return false;
@@ -45,201 +83,27 @@ bool regexCheck(word TYPENAME, word fieldType)
 }
 
 template<typename Type>
-bool checkFieldType(word objectType)
+inline
+bool checkTriFieldType(word objectType)
 {
-	//if( pointField<VectorSingle,Type>::TYPENAME() == objectType )return true;
-	//if( pointField<VectorSingle,Type, HostSpace>::TYPENAME() == objectType ) return true;
-	//if( pointField<VectorDual, Type>::TYPENAME() == objectType )return true;
-	return regexCheck(triSurfaceField<VectorSingle,Type>::TYPENAME(), objectType);
-	
-}
-
-template<typename Type>
-bool triDataToVTK(iOstream& os, const Type& dataEntity)
-{
-	fatalErrorInFunction<<
-	"not implemented function!";
-	fatalExit;
-	return false;
-}
-
-template<>
-bool triDataToVTK(iOstream& os, const triSurface& surface )
-{
-	auto nP = surface.numPoints();
-	auto hPoints = surface.points().hostVector();
-
-	os << "DATASET POLYDATA" << endl;
-	os << "POINTS " << nP << " float" << endl;
-
-
-	for ( auto i=0; i<nP; i++ )
-	{
-		os << hPoints[i].x()  << " " << hPoints[i].y() << " " << hPoints[i].z() << endl;
-	}
-
-	auto nV = surface.numTriangles();
-	auto hVertices = surface.vertices().hostVector();
-
-	os << "POLYGONS " << nV << "  " << 4*nV << endl;
-
-	for(auto i=0; i<nV; i++)
-	{
-		os<< 3 <<" "<< hVertices[i].x() << " " << hVertices[i].y() <<" "<<hVertices[i].z()<<endl;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-template<>
-bool triDataToVTK(iOstream& os, const multiTriSurface& surface )
-{
-	auto nP = surface.numPoints();
-	auto hPoints = surface.points().hostVector();
-
-	os << "DATASET UNSTRUCTURED_GRID" << endl;
-	os << "POINTS " << nP << " float" << endl;
-
-
-	for ( auto i=0; i<nP; i++ )
-	{
-		os << hPoints[i].x()  << " " << hPoints[i].y() << " " << hPoints[i].z() << endl;
-	}
-
-	auto nV = surface.numTriangles();
-	auto hVertices = surface.vertices().hostVector();
-
-	os<<"CELLS "<< nV<<' '<< 4*nV<<'\n';
-	//os << "POLYGONS " << nV << "  " << 4*nV << endl;
-
-	for(auto i=0; i<nV; i++)
-	{
-		os<< 3 <<" "<< hVertices[i].x() << " " << hVertices[i].y() <<" "<<hVertices[i].z()<<endl;
-	}
-
-	os<<"CELL_TYPES "<< nV<<'\n';
-
-	for(int32 i=0; i<nV; i++)
-	{
-		os<< 5 <<'\n';
-	}
-	
-	os << "CELL_DATA " << nV << endl;
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool addRealx3TriSurfaceField(
-	iOstream& 	os,
-	word 		fieldName,
-	int32 		size,
-	realx3* 	field )
-{
-	if(size==0) return true;
-
-
-	os << "FIELD FieldData 1\n"<<
-	fieldName << " 3 " << size << " float\n";
-	for(int32 i=0; i<size; ++i)
-	{
-			os<< field[i].x()<<' '<< field[i].y()<<' '<<field[i].z()<<'\n';
-	}
-
-	return true;
+	return regexCheck(triSurfaceField<Type>::TYPENAME(), objectType);
 }
 
 bool convertRealx3TypetriSurfaceField(
-	iOstream& os,
+	Ostream& os,
 	const IOfileHeader& header,
-	const multiTriSurface& tSurface)
-{
-	word objectType = header.objectType();
+	multiTriSurface& tSurface);
 
-	if(!checkFieldType<realx3>(objectType))return false;
-
-	auto objField = IOobject::make<realx3TriSurfaceField_H>
-	(
-		header,
-		tSurface,
-		static_cast<real>(0)
-	);
-
-	auto& Field = objField().getObject<realx3TriSurfaceField_H>();
-
-	realx3* data = Field.hostVectorAll().data();
-	
-	REPORT(2)<<"writing "<< greenColor <<header.objectName()<<defaultColor<<" field to vtk."<<endREPORT;
-
-	return addRealx3TriSurfaceField(
-		os,
-		header.objectName(),
-		tSurface.size(),
-		data );
-}
-
-bool convertTimeFolderTriSurfaceFields( 
-	fileSystem timeFolder,
-	real time,
-	fileSystem destPath,
-	word bName)
-{
-
-	// check if pointStructure exist in this folder 
-	IOfileHeader triSurfaeHeader(
-		objectFile(
-			triSurfaceFile__,
-			timeFolder,
-			objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
-			objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS)
-		);
-
-	if( !triSurfaeHeader.headerOk(true) )
-	{
-		output<<yellowText("Time folder "<< timeFolder <<
-		" does not contain any triSurface data file. Skipping this folder . . ."
-		)<<nl;
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	vtkFile vtk(destPath, bName, time);
-
-	if(!vtk) return false;
-
-	auto triSurfaceObjPtr = IOobject::make<multiTriSurface>(triSurfaeHeader);
-	auto& tSurface = triSurfaceObjPtr().getObject<multiTriSurface>();
-
-	// get a list of files in this timeFolder;
-	REPORT(1)<<"Wrting triSurface mesh/Geometry to vtk file."<<endREPORT;
-	if(!triDataToVTK(vtk(), tSurface))
-	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"error in writing triSurface data to vtk file "<< vtk.fileName()<<endl;
-		return false;
-	}
+bool convertRealx3TypetriSurfaceFieldSeparate(
+	const fileSystem& destPath,
+	const IOfileHeader& header,
+	multiTriSurface& tSurface,
+	const word& bName,
+	real time);
 
 
-	auto fileList = containingFiles(timeFolder);
 
 
-	for(auto& file:fileList)
-	{
-		IOfileHeader fieldHeader(
-			objectFile(
-			file.wordPath(),
-			"",
-			objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
-			objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS) );
-
-		if( fieldHeader.headerOk(true) )
-		{
-			//output<<"object file type is "<<fieldHeader.objectType()<<endl;
-			convertRealx3TypetriSurfaceField(vtk(), fieldHeader, tSurface);
-		}
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
 }
 
 #endif 
diff --git a/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/CMakeLists.txt b/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/CMakeLists.txt
index 4a46570a..1ee6f3f8 100644
--- a/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ positionOrdered/positionOrdered.cpp
 positionRandom/positionRandom.cpp
 empty/empty.cpp
 )
-set(link_lib phasicFlow Kokkos::kokkos Interaction Utilities)
+#set(link_lib phasicFlow Kokkos::kokkos Interaction Utilities)
+
+set(link_lib phasicFlow Kokkos::kokkos Particles Utilities)
 
 pFlow_make_executable_install(particlesPhasicFlow source_files link_lib)
diff --git a/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/empty/empty.cpp b/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/empty/empty.cpp
index 1b938c00..d0da9b3b 100755
--- a/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/empty/empty.cpp
+++ b/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/empty/empty.cpp
@@ -23,13 +23,14 @@ Licence:
 
 
 pFlow::empty::empty(
+  systemControl& control,
 	const dictionary& dict
 )
 :
-	positionParticles(dict),
+	positionParticles(control, dict),
 	position_
 	(
-		maxNumberOfParticles_, 0, RESERVE()
+		"empty",maxNumberOfParticles(), 0, RESERVE()
 	)
 {
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/empty/empty.hpp b/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/empty/empty.hpp
index fc3bada1..9b296893 100755
--- a/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/empty/empty.hpp
+++ b/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/empty/empty.hpp
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ Licence:
 #define __empty_hpp__
 
 #include "positionParticles.hpp"
-#include "box.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
@@ -32,10 +31,7 @@ class empty
 :
 	public positionParticles
 {
-protected:
-
-	dictionary 	emptyDict_;
-
+private:
 
 	realx3Vector 	position_;
 
@@ -44,7 +40,9 @@ public:
 	// - type Info
 	TypeInfo("empty");
 
-	empty(const dictionary& dict);
+	empty(
+		systemControl& control,
+		const dictionary& dict);
 
 	// - add this class to vCtor selection table 
 	add_vCtor(
@@ -52,33 +50,33 @@ public:
 		empty,
 		dictionary);
 
-	virtual ~empty() = default;
+	~empty() final = default;
 
 	//// - Methods 
 
-	virtual label numPoints()const
+	uint32 numPoints()const final
 	{
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	virtual label size()const
+	uint32 size()const final
 	{
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	real maxDiameter() const override
+	real maxDiameter() const final
 	{
 		return 1.0;
 	}
 
 	// - const access to position
-	virtual const realx3Vector& position()const 
+	const realx3Vector& position()const final 
 	{
 		return position_;
 	}
 
 	// - access to position 
-	virtual realx3Vector& position()
+	realx3Vector& position() final
 	{
 		return position_;
 	}
diff --git a/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/particlesPhasicFlow.cpp b/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/particlesPhasicFlow.cpp
index 683d33e4..637fcf65 100755
--- a/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/particlesPhasicFlow.cpp
+++ b/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/particlesPhasicFlow.cpp
@@ -19,30 +19,20 @@ Licence:
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 
+#include "vocabs.hpp"
+#include "commandLine.hpp"
 #include "positionParticles.hpp"
 #include "pointStructure.hpp"
 #include "setFields.hpp"
 #include "systemControl.hpp"
-#include "commandLine.hpp"
-#include "readControlDict.hpp"
+#include "baseShapeNames.hpp"
 
-using pFlow::output;
-using pFlow::endl;
-using pFlow::dictionary;
-using pFlow::uniquePtr;
-using pFlow::IOobject;
-using pFlow::objectFile;
-using pFlow::fileSystem;
-using pFlow::pointStructure;
-using pFlow::pointStructureFile__;
-using pFlow::positionParticles;
-using pFlow::commandLine;
-using pFlow::setFieldList;
+//#include "readControlDict.hpp"
 
 int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
 {
 
-	commandLine cmds(
+	pFlow::commandLine cmds(
 		"createParticles",
 		"Read the dictionary createParticles and create particles"
 		" based on the two sub-dictionaries positionParticles and setFields.\n"
@@ -74,108 +64,69 @@ int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
 	if(setOnly && positionOnly)
 	{
 		ERR<<
-		"Options --positionParticles-only and --setFields-only cannot be used simeltanuously. \n"<<endERR;
+		"Options --positionParticles-only and --setFields-only cannot be used simeltanuously. \n"<<END_ERR;
 		return 1;
 	}	
 
 // this should be palced in each main 
 #include "initialize_Control.hpp"
 
-	auto objCPDict = IOobject::make<dictionary>
-	(
-		objectFile
-		(
-			"particlesDict",
-			Control.settings().path(),
-			objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
-			objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
-		),
-		"particlesDict",
-		true
-	);
+	pFlow::fileDictionary cpDict("particlesDict", Control.settings().path());
+	
 
-	auto& cpDict = objCPDict().getObject<dictionary>();
-
-	pointStructure* pStructPtr = nullptr;
+	pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::pointStructure> pStructPtr = nullptr;
 
 
 	if(!setOnly)
 	{
 
 		// position particles based on the dict content 
-		REPORT(0)<< "Positioning points . . . \n"<<endREPORT;
-		auto pointPosition = positionParticles::create(cpDict.subDict("positionParticles"));
+		REPORT(0)<< "Positioning points . . . \n"<<END_REPORT;
+		auto pointPosition = pFlow::positionParticles::create(Control, cpDict.subDict("positionParticles"));
 
-		fileSystem pStructPath = Control.time().path()+pointStructureFile__;
+		pFlow::fileSystem pStructPath = Control.time().path()+pFlow::pointStructureFile__;
 
 		auto finalPos = pointPosition().getFinalPosition();
 
-		
-		auto& pStruct = Control.time().emplaceObject<pointStructure>
-		(
-			objectFile
-			(
-				pointStructureFile__,
-				Control.time().path(),
-				objectFile::READ_NEVER,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS			
-			),
-			finalPos
-		);
-
-		pStructPtr = &pStruct;
+		pStructPtr = pFlow::makeUnique<pFlow::pointStructure>(Control, finalPos);
 
 
-		REPORT(1)<< "Created pStruct with "<< pStruct.size() << " points and capacity "<<
-		pStruct.capacity()<<" . . ."<< endREPORT;
+		REPORT(1)<< "Created pStruct with "<< pStructPtr().size() << " points and capacity "<<
+		pStructPtr().capacity()<<" . . ."<< END_REPORT;
 
-		REPORT(1)<< "Writing pStruct to " << Control.time().path()+ pointStructureFile__<< endREPORT<<endl<<endl;
-
-		if( !Control.time().write())
-		{
-			fatalErrorInFunction<<
-			"ERRor in writing to file. \n ";
-			return 1; 
-		}
-	}else
+	}
+    else
 	{
-
-		auto& pStruct = Control.time().emplaceObject<pointStructure>
-		(
-			objectFile
-			(
-				pointStructureFile__,
-				Control.time().path(),
-				objectFile::READ_NEVER,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS			
-			)
-		);
-
-		pStructPtr = &pStruct;
+		// read the content of pStruct from 0/pStructure
+		pStructPtr = pFlow::makeUnique<pFlow::pointStructure>(Control);
 
 	}
 
-	
+	pFlow::List<pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::IOobject>> allObjects;
 
 	if(!positionOnly)
 	{
-
-		auto& pStruct = *pStructPtr;
+        
+		auto& pStruct = pStructPtr();
 
 		auto& sfDict = cpDict.subDict("setFields");
 
-		setFieldList defValueList(sfDict.subDict("defaultValue"));
+		pFlow::setFieldList defValueList(sfDict.subDict("defaultValue"));
 
 		for(auto& sfEntry: defValueList)
 		{
-			if( !sfEntry.setPointFieldDefaultValueNewAll(Control.time(), pStruct, true))
+			if( auto Ptr = sfEntry.setPointFieldDefaultValueNewAll( pStruct, true); Ptr)
 			{
-				ERR<< "\n error occured in setting default value fields.\n"<<endERR;
+				allObjects.push_back(std::move(Ptr));
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				ERR<< "\n error occured in setting default value fields.\n"<<END_ERR;
 				return 1;
 			}
 		}
 		
-		output<<endl;
+		pFlow::output<<pFlow::endl;
 
 		auto& selectorsDict = sfDict.subDict("selectors");
 
@@ -183,123 +134,91 @@ int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
 
 		for(auto name: selNames)
 		{
-			REPORT(1)<< "Applying selector " << greenText(name) <<endREPORT;
+			REPORT(1)<< "Applying selector " << Green_Text(name) <<END_REPORT;
 			
 			if(
 				!applySelector(Control, pStruct, selectorsDict.subDict(name))
 			 )
 			{
-				ERR<<"\n error occured in setting selector. \n"<<endERR;
+				ERR<<"\n error occured in setting selector. \n"<<END_ERR;
 				return 1;
 			}
-			output<<endl;
+			pFlow::output<<pFlow::endl;
 		}
 	}
 
-	Control.time().write(true);
-	REPORT(0)<< greenText("\nFinished successfully.\n")<<endREPORT;
+	Control.clearIncludeExclude();
+	Control.addExclude("shapeName");
 
+	pFlow::uint64PointField_H shapeHash
+	(
+		pFlow::objectFile
+		(
+			"shapeHash",
+			"",
+			pFlow::objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+			pFlow::objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
+		),
+		pStructPtr(),
+		0u
+	);
 
+	pFlow::uint32PointField_H shapeIndex
+	(
+		pFlow::objectFile
+		(
+			"shapeIndex",
+			"",
+			pFlow::objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+			pFlow::objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
+		),
+		pStructPtr(),
+		0u
+	);
+
+	pFlow::baseShapeNames shapes(
+		pFlow::shapeFile__,
+		&Control.caseSetup()
+	);
+	
+	auto& shapeName = Control.time().template lookupObject<pFlow::wordPointField_H>("shapeName");
+
+	REPORT(0)<< "Converting shapeName field to shapeIndex field"<<END_REPORT;
+
+	auto shapeName_D = shapeName.deviceView();
+	auto shapeHash_D = shapeHash.deviceView();
+	auto shapeIndex_D = shapeIndex.deviceView();
+	
+	REPORT(1)<<"List of shape names in "<<shapes.globalName()<<
+	" is: "<<Green_Text(shapes.shapeNameList())<<END_REPORT;
+
+	ForAll(i, shapeHash)
+	{
+		if(pFlow::uint32 index; shapes.shapeNameToIndex(shapeName_D[i], index))
+		{
+			shapeHash_D[i] = shapes.hashes()[index];
+			shapeIndex_D[i] = index;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<"Found shape name "<< Yellow_Text(shapeName_D[i])<<
+			"in shapeName field. But the list of shape names in file "<< 
+			shapes.globalName()<<" is : \n"<<
+			shapes.shapeNames()<<pFlow::endl;
+		}
+	}
+
+    if( !Control.time().write(true))
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<<
+        "ERRor in writing to file. \n ";
+        return 1; 
+    }
+	REPORT(0)<< Green_Text("\nFinished successfully.\n")<<END_REPORT;
+
+	
 // this should be palced in each main 
 #include "finalize.hpp"
 
 	return 0;
 } 
-
-
-
-/*
-uniquePtr<IOobject> pStructObj{nullptr};
-
-	if(!setOnly)
-	{
-
-		// position particles based on the dict content 
-		REPORT(0)<< "Positioning points . . . \n"<<endREPORT;
-		auto pointPosition = positionParticles::create(cpDict.subDict("positionParticles"));
-
-		fileSystem pStructPath = Control.time().path()+pointStructureFile__;
-
-		auto finalPos = pointPosition().getFinalPosition();
-
-		
-		pStructObj = IOobject::make<pointStructure>
-		(
-			objectFile
-			(
-				pointStructureFile__,
-				Control.time().path(),
-				objectFile::READ_NEVER,
-				objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS			
-			),
-			finalPos
-		);
-
-		auto& pSruct = pStructObj().getObject<pointStructure>();
-
-		REPORT(1)<< "Created pStruct with "<< pSruct.size() << " points and capacity "<<
-		pSruct.capacity()<<" . . ."<< endREPORT;
-
-		REPORT(1)<< "Writing pStruct to " << pStructObj().path() << endREPORT<<endl<<endl;
-
-		if( !pStructObj().write())
-		{
-			fatalErrorInFunction<<
-			"ERRor in writing to file. \n ";
-			return 1; 
-		}
-	}else
-	{
-		pStructObj = IOobject::make<pointStructure>
-		(
-			objectFile
-			(
-				pointStructureFile__,
-				Control.time().path(),
-				objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
-				objectFile::WRITE_NEVER			
-			)
-		);
-	}
-
-	
-
-	if(!positionOnly)
-	{
-
-		auto& pStruct = pStructObj().getObject<pointStructure>();
-
-		auto& sfDict = cpDict.subDict("setFields");
-
-		setFieldList defValueList(sfDict.subDict("defaultValue"));
-
-		for(auto& sfEntry: defValueList)
-		{
-			if( !sfEntry.setPointFieldDefaultValueNewAll(Control.time(), pStruct, true))
-			{
-				ERR<< "\n error occured in setting default value fields.\n"<<endERR;
-				return 1;
-			}
-		}
-		
-		output<<endl;
-
-		auto& selectorsDict = sfDict.subDict("selectors");
-
-		auto selNames = selectorsDict.dictionaryKeywords();
-
-		for(auto name: selNames)
-		{
-			REPORT(1)<< "Applying selector " << greenText(name) <<endREPORT;
-			
-			if(
-				!applySelector(Control, pStruct, selectorsDict.subDict(name))
-			 )
-			{
-				ERR<<"\n error occured in setting selector. \n"<<endERR;
-				return 1;
-			}
-			output<<endl;
-		}
-	}
-	*/
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/positionOrdered/positionOrdered.cpp b/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/positionOrdered/positionOrdered.cpp
index dc4d69e7..1fb60b87 100755
--- a/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/positionOrdered/positionOrdered.cpp
+++ b/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/positionOrdered/positionOrdered.cpp
@@ -18,11 +18,9 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-#include "positionOrdered.hpp"
 #include "error.hpp"
-
-
-#include "streams.hpp"
+#include "dictionary.hpp"
+#include "positionOrdered.hpp"
 
 
 bool pFlow::positionOrdered::findAxisIndex()
@@ -45,9 +43,9 @@ bool pFlow::positionOrdered::findAxisIndex()
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	realx3 uV[3];
+	std::array<realx3,3> uV;
 	size_t i=0;
-	for(auto& ca: axisOrder_)
+	for(const auto& ca: axisOrder_)
 	{
 		if(ca == "x")
 		{
@@ -82,15 +80,16 @@ bool pFlow::positionOrdered::positionPointsOrdered()
 	position_.clear();
 
 	realx3 dl(diameter_);
-	auto minP =  region_->minPoint();
-	auto maxP =  region_->maxPoint();
+	const auto& region = pRegion();
+	auto minP =  region.minPoint();
+	auto maxP =  region.maxPoint();
 
 	auto cntr = minP;
 
 	size_t n = 0;
 	while( n < numPoints_ )
 	{
-		if(region_->isInside(cntr))
+		if(region.isInside(cntr))
 		{
 			position_.push_back(cntr);
 			n++;
@@ -123,13 +122,14 @@ bool pFlow::positionOrdered::positionPointsOrdered()
 
 pFlow::positionOrdered::positionOrdered
 (
+	systemControl& control,
 	const dictionary& dict
 )
 :
-	positionParticles(dict),
+	positionParticles(control, dict),
 	poDict_
 	(  
-		dict.subDict("positionOrderedInfo")
+		dict.subDict("orderedInfo")
 	),
 	diameter_
 	(
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ pFlow::positionOrdered::positionOrdered
 	),
 	numPoints_
 	(
-		poDict_.getVal<size_t>("numPoints")
+		poDict_.getVal<uint64>("numPoints")
 	),
 	axisOrder_
 	(
@@ -145,7 +145,10 @@ pFlow::positionOrdered::positionOrdered
 	),
 	position_
 	(
-		maxNumberOfParticles_, RESERVE()
+		"positionOrdered", 
+		max(maxNumberOfParticles(), numPoints_), 
+		numPoints_ ,
+		RESERVE()
 	)
 {
 	
@@ -154,13 +157,6 @@ pFlow::positionOrdered::positionOrdered
 		fatalExit;
 	}
 
-	if(!region_)
-	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<"You must provided a region (box, cylinder, ...) for positioning particles in dictionary "<<
-		dict.globalName()<<endl;
-		fatalExit;
-	}
-
 	if(!positionPointsOrdered())
 	{
 		fatalExit;
diff --git a/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/positionOrdered/positionOrdered.hpp b/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/positionOrdered/positionOrdered.hpp
index 66452ab0..caf711dd 100755
--- a/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/positionOrdered/positionOrdered.hpp
+++ b/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/positionOrdered/positionOrdered.hpp
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ class positionOrdered
 :
 	public positionParticles
 {
-protected:
+private:
 
 	dictionary 	poDict_;
 
 	real 		diameter_;
 
-	size_t 		numPoints_;
+	uint32 		numPoints_;
 	
 	wordList 	axisOrder_;
 
@@ -60,9 +60,11 @@ protected:
 public:
 
 	// - type Info
-	TypeInfo("positionOrdered");
+	TypeInfo("ordered");
 
-	positionOrdered(const dictionary& dict);
+	positionOrdered(
+		systemControl& control,
+		const dictionary& dict);
 
 	// - add this class to vCtor selection table 
 	add_vCtor(
@@ -70,33 +72,33 @@ public:
 		positionOrdered,
 		dictionary);
 
-	virtual ~positionOrdered() = default;
+	~positionOrdered() final = default;
 
 	//// - Methods 
 
-	virtual label numPoints()const
+	uint32 numPoints()const final
 	{
-		return position_.size();
+		return static_cast<uint32>(position_.size());
 	}
 
-	virtual label size()const
+	uint32 size()const final
 	{
-		return position_.size();
+		return static_cast<uint32>(position_.size());
 	}
 
-	real maxDiameter() const override
+	real maxDiameter() const final
 	{
 		return diameter_;
 	}
 	
 	// - const access to position
-	virtual const realx3Vector& position()const 
+	const realx3Vector& position()const final 
 	{
 		return position_;
 	}
 
 	// - access to position 
-	virtual realx3Vector& position()
+	realx3Vector& position() final
 	{
 		return position_;
 	}
diff --git a/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/positionParticles/positionParticles.cpp b/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/positionParticles/positionParticles.cpp
index fcfb4616..d99cb217 100755
--- a/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/positionParticles/positionParticles.cpp
+++ b/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/positionParticles/positionParticles.cpp
@@ -19,33 +19,29 @@ Licence:
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 #include "positionParticles.hpp"
-#include "box.hpp"
-#include "cylinder.hpp"
-#include "sphere.hpp"
-#include "cells.hpp"
-#include "contactSearchFunctions.hpp"
+#include "vocabs.hpp"
+#include "dictionary.hpp"
+#include "systemControl.hpp"
 
-#include "streams.hpp"
-
-
-pFlow::realx3Vector pFlow::positionParticles::sortByMortonCode(realx3Vector& position)const
+pFlow::realx3Vector pFlow::positionParticles::sortByMortonCode(
+	const realx3Vector& position)const
 {
 	struct indexMorton
 	{
-		size_t morton;
-		size_t index;
+		uint64 morton;
+		uint64 index;
 	};
 
-	realx3 minP = min(position);
+	/*realx3 minP = min(position);
 	realx3 maxP = max(position);
 	real cellsize = maxDiameter();
-	cells<size_t> allCells( box(minP, maxP), cellsize);
+	cells<uint64> allCells( box(minP, maxP), cellsize);
 
 	Vector<indexMorton> indMor(position.size(),RESERVE());
 
 	indMor.clear();
 
-	size_t ind=0;
+	uint64 ind=0;
 	for(const auto& p:position)
 	{
 		auto cellInd = allCells.pointIndex(p);
@@ -54,7 +50,7 @@ pFlow::realx3Vector pFlow::positionParticles::sortByMortonCode(realx3Vector& pos
 			ind++});
 	}
 
-	INFORMATION<<"Performing morton sorting."<<endINFO;
+	INFORMATION<<"Performing morton sorting."<<END_INFO;
 	std::sort(
 		indMor.begin(),
 		indMor.end(),
@@ -68,33 +64,48 @@ pFlow::realx3Vector pFlow::positionParticles::sortByMortonCode(realx3Vector& pos
 	for(auto& ind:indMor)
 	{
 		sortedPos.push_back( position[ind.index] );
-	}
+	}*/
 
-	return sortedPos;
+    WARNING<<"Morton sorting is inactive!"<<END_WARNING;
+	return position;
 }
 
 
 pFlow::positionParticles::positionParticles
 (
+	systemControl& control,
 	const dictionary& dict
 )
+:
+	regionType_(dict.getValOrSet<word>("regionType", "domain")),
+	maxNumberOfParticles_(dict.getValOrSet(
+		"maxNumberOfParticles", 
+		static_cast<uint32>(10000))),
+	mortonSorting_(dict.getValOrSet("mortonSorting", Logical("Yes")))
 {
-	maxNumberOfParticles_ = dict.getValOrSet("maxNumberOfParticles", static_cast<size_t>(10000));
-	
-	mortonSorting_ = dict.getValOrSet("mortonSorting", Logical("Yes"));
 
-	if( dict.containsDictionay("box") )	
+	if( regionType_ != "domain" )	
 	{
-		region_ = makeUnique<region<box>>(dict.subDict("box"));
-	}
-	else if(dict.containsDictionay("cylinder"))
+		pRegion_ = peakableRegion::create(
+			regionType_,
+			dict.subDict(regionType_+"Info"));
+	}	
+	else
 	{
-		region_ = makeUnique<region<cylinder>>(dict.subDict("cylinder"));
-	}
-	else if(dict.containsDictionay("sphere"))
-	{
-		region_ = makeUnique<region<sphere>>(dict.subDict("sphere"));
+		fileDictionary domainDict
+		(
+			objectFile
+			{
+				domainFile__,
+				"",
+				objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
+				objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
+			},
+			&control.settings()
+		);
+		pRegion_ = peakableRegion::create(regionType_,domainDict.subDict("globalBox"));
 	}
+	
 }
 
 
@@ -106,15 +117,18 @@ pFlow::realx3Vector pFlow::positionParticles::getFinalPosition()
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		realx3Vector vec(position().capacity(), RESERVE());
-		vec.assign( position().begin(), position().end());
-		
-		return std::move(vec);
+		realx3Vector vec("final position",position().capacity(), 0 , RESERVE());
+		vec.assign( position().begin(), position().end());	
+		return vec;
 	}
 }
 
 pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::positionParticles> 
-	pFlow::positionParticles::create(const dictionary & dict)
+	pFlow::positionParticles::create
+(
+    systemControl& control,
+    const dictionary & dict
+)
 {
 
 	word method = dict.getVal<word>("method");
@@ -122,7 +136,7 @@ pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::positionParticles>
 
 	if( dictionaryvCtorSelector_.search(method) )
 	{
-		return dictionaryvCtorSelector_[method] (dict);
+		return dictionaryvCtorSelector_[method] (control, dict);
 	}
 	else
 	{
diff --git a/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/positionParticles/positionParticles.hpp b/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/positionParticles/positionParticles.hpp
index 48fc222b..85c34e54 100755
--- a/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/positionParticles/positionParticles.hpp
+++ b/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/positionParticles/positionParticles.hpp
@@ -23,118 +23,75 @@ Licence:
 
 #include "virtualConstructor.hpp"
 #include "Vectors.hpp"
-#include "dictionary.hpp"
+#include "peakableRegion.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-class regionBase
-{
-public:
-	
-	regionBase() = default;
-	
-	regionBase(const regionBase&) = default;
+class dictionary;
+class systemControl;
 
-	regionBase& operator =(const regionBase&) = default;
-	
-	virtual ~regionBase() = default;
-
-	virtual bool isInside(const realx3 point)const = 0;
-
-	virtual realx3 minPoint()const =0;
-
-	virtual realx3 maxPoint()const =0;
-
-	virtual word name()const =0;
-
-};
-
-template<typename T>
-class region
-:
-	public regionBase
-{
-	protected:
-
-		T 		region_;
-
-	public:
-		
-		region(const T& rgn)
-		:
-			region_(rgn)
-		{}
-
-		region(const dictionary& dict)
-		:
-			region_(dict)
-		{}
-
-		region(const region&) = default;
-		
-		region& operator =(const region&) = default;
-
-		virtual ~region()=default;
-
-		bool isInside(const realx3 point) const override
-		{
-			return region_.isInside(point);
-		}
-
-		realx3 minPoint()const override
-		{
-			return region_.minPoint();
-		}
-
-		realx3 maxPoint()const override
-		{
-			return region_.maxPoint();
-		}
-
-		word name()const override
-		{
-			return region_.typeName();
-		}
-
-};
 
 class positionParticles
 {
-protected:
+private:
 
-	uniquePtr<regionBase> 		region_ = nullptr;
+	uniquePtr<peakableRegion> 		pRegion_ = nullptr;
 
-	size_t  		maxNumberOfParticles_ = 10000;
+	word 			regionType_;
+
+	uint32  		maxNumberOfParticles_ = 10000;
 
 	Logical 		mortonSorting_;
 
-	static const size_t numReports_ = 40;
+	
 
-	realx3Vector sortByMortonCode(realx3Vector& position)const;
+	realx3Vector sortByMortonCode(const realx3Vector& position)const;
+
+protected:
+
+	static const uint32 numReports_ = 40;
+
+	const auto& pRegion()const
+	{
+		return pRegion_();
+	}
 	
 public:
 
 	// - type Info
 	TypeInfo("positionParticles");
 
-	positionParticles(const dictionary& dict);
+	positionParticles(
+		systemControl& control, 
+		const dictionary& dict);
 
 	create_vCtor
 	(
 		positionParticles,
 		dictionary,
-		(const dictionary& dict),
-		(dict)
+		(systemControl& control, const dictionary& dict),
+		(control, dict)
 	);
 
 	virtual ~positionParticles() = default;
 
-	//// - Methods 
+	//// - Methods
 
-	virtual label numPoints()const = 0;
+	bool mortonSorting()const
+	{
+		return mortonSorting_();
+	} 
 
-	virtual label size()const = 0;
+	inline
+	auto maxNumberOfParticles()const
+	{
+		return maxNumberOfParticles_;
+	}
+
+	virtual uint32 numPoints()const = 0;
+
+	virtual uint32 size()const = 0;
 
 	virtual real maxDiameter() const = 0;
 
@@ -148,7 +105,8 @@ public:
 	virtual realx3Vector getFinalPosition();
 
 	static
-	uniquePtr<positionParticles> create(const dictionary & dict);
+	uniquePtr<positionParticles> 
+		create(systemControl& control, const dictionary & dict);
 	
 };	
 
diff --git a/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/positionRandom/positionRandom.cpp b/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/positionRandom/positionRandom.cpp
index 616dbbca..adb387fe 100755
--- a/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/positionRandom/positionRandom.cpp
+++ b/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/positionRandom/positionRandom.cpp
@@ -20,151 +20,92 @@ Licence:
 
 
 #include "positionRandom.hpp"
-#include "uniformRandomReal.hpp"
-#include "NBSLevel0.hpp"
-#include "unsortedPairs.hpp"
-#include "box.hpp"
+#include "collisionCheck.hpp"
 
 
 
-namespace pFlow
+bool pFlow::positionRandom::positionOnePass(collisionCheck& collCheck)
 {
 
-using SearchType = NBSLevel0<DefaultExecutionSpace> ;
-using ContainerType = unsortedPairs<DefaultExecutionSpace, int32>;
+	auto const& region = pRegion();
+	
+	auto n = static_cast<uint32>(position_.size());
 
-
-
-int32 findCollisions(
-		ContainerType& pairs,
-		int32Vector_HD& flags);
-
-int32 findCollisions(int32 num, realx3Vector_HD& points, real diam)
-{
-	int32 res =0;
-	for(auto i=0; i<num;i++)
+	for(uint32 iter = 0; iter<numPoints_; iter++)
 	{
-		for(auto j=i+1; j<num; j++)
+		realx3 p = region.peek();
+
+		if( collCheck.checkPoint(p, diameter_) )
 		{
-			if(sphereSphereCheck(points[i],points[j],diam,diam))res++;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return res;
-}
-
-}
-
-
-bool pFlow::positionRandom::positionOnePass(int32 pass, int32 startNum)
-{
-
-	realVector_D diameter(startNum , diameter_);
-	int32Vector_HD  flagHD(startNum, 0);
-	realx3Vector_HD positionHD(startNum);
-	
-	auto minP = region_->minPoint();
-	auto maxP = region_->maxPoint();
-
-	SearchType search(
-					box(minP, maxP),
-					diameter_,
-					positionHD.deviceVectorAll(),
-					diameter.deviceVectorAll());
-
-	ContainerType pairs(3*startNum);
-		
-	REPORT(1)<< "Positioning "<<
-		greenText("(Pass #"<< pass+1<<")")<< 
-		": started with "<< startNum <<" points."<<endREPORT;
-	
-	fillPoints(startNum, positionHD, flagHD);
-		
-	search.broadSearch(pairs, range(0, startNum));
-
-	
-	int32 numCollisions = findCollisions(pairs, flagHD);
-	
-	
-	REPORT(2)<< "Positioned " << cyanText(startNum - numCollisions) <<
-	" without collision \n"<<endREPORT; 
-
-	if(startNum-numCollisions >= numPoints_ )
-	{
-		
-		REPORT(1)<<"Selected "<< cyanText(numPoints_)<< " for the final field.\n"<<endREPORT;
-
-		positionHD.syncViews();
-		position_.clear();
-		int32 n=0;
-		for(int32 i=0; i<startNum; i++)
-		{
-			if(flagHD[i] == 0 )
-			{
-				position_.push_back( positionHD[i]);
-				n++;
-				if(n==numPoints_)break;	
-			}
+			position_.push_back(p);
+			diameters_.push_back(diameter_);
 			
+			if(!collCheck.mapLastAddedParticle())
+			{
+				fatalErrorInFunction;
+				return false;
+			}
+			n++;
+
+			if(n == numPoints_) break;
 		}
-		
-		return true;
 	}
 	
-	
-	return false;
-	
-	
+	return true;	
 }
 
 bool pFlow::positionRandom::positionPointsRandom()
 {
 	
 	position_.clear();
-
+	diameters_.clear();
 	if(numPoints_ == 0)return true;
 	
-	size_t pass = 0;
-	int32 startNum = numPoints_;
+	uint32 pass = 0;
+	collisionCheck collCheck(
+		box(pRegion().minPoint(), pRegion().maxPoint()),
+		diameter_,
+		position_,
+		diameters_);
+	
 
 	while ( pass <maxIterations_)
 	{
-		if( positionOnePass(pass, startNum) )return true;
-		startNum = 1.1*startNum+1;
+		if( !positionOnePass(collCheck) )
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
 		pass++;
+		REPORT(1)<<"Positioning "<< Green_Text("(Pass #"<< pass<<")")<<
+		": number of non-colliding spheres is "<<
+		Yellow_Text(position_.size())<<END_REPORT;
+
+		if( position_.size() == numPoints_ ) 
+		{
+			REPORT(0)<<END_REPORT;
+			return true;
+		}
 	}	
 	
-	
 	fatalErrorInFunction<< 
-	"  cannot position "<< numPoints_ << " in the domain in " << maxIterations_ << " iterations.\n" <<
+	"  Cannot position "<< numPoints_ << " in the domain in " <<
+	maxIterations_ << " iterations.\n" <<
 	"  you may increase maxIterations for positioning points.\n";
 
 	return false;
 }
 
-bool pFlow::positionRandom::inCollision
-(
-	const realx3 &cntr,
-	real diam
-)
-{
-	for(const auto& cp: position_)
-	{
-		if( length(cp-cntr) <= diam ) return true;
-	}
-
-	return false;
-}
 
 pFlow::positionRandom::positionRandom
 (
+	systemControl& control,
 	const dictionary& dict
 )
 :
-	positionParticles(dict),
+	positionParticles(control, dict),
 	prDict_
 	(  
-		dict.subDict("positionRandomInfo")
+		dict.subDict("randomInfo")
 	),
 	diameter_
 	(
@@ -172,107 +113,35 @@ pFlow::positionRandom::positionRandom
 	),
 	numPoints_
 	(
-		prDict_.getVal<size_t>("numPoints")
+		prDict_.getVal<uint32>("numPoints")
 	),
 	maxIterations_
 	(
-		prDict_.getValOrSet("maxIterations", 10)
+		prDict_.getValOrSet("maxIterations", 10u)
 	),
 	position_
 	(
-		maxNumberOfParticles_, RESERVE()
+		"position",
+		maxNumberOfParticles(),
+		0,
+		RESERVE()
+	),
+	diameters_
+	(
+		"diameters",
+		maxNumberOfParticles(),
+		0,
+		RESERVE()
 	)
 {
 
-	reportInterval_ = max(numPoints_/numReports_, static_cast<size_t>(2));
+	reportInterval_ = max(numPoints_/numReports_, static_cast<uint32>(2));
 
 	if( !positionPointsRandom() )
 	{
 		fatalExit;
 	}
 
-	if(!region_)
-	{
-		fatalErrorInFunction<<"You must provided a region (box, cylinder, ...) for positioning particles in dictionary "<<
-		dict.globalName()<<endl;
-		fatalExit;
-	}
-
-}
-
-void pFlow::positionRandom::fillPoints(
-	uint numPoints,
-	realx3Vector_HD& points,
-	int32Vector_HD& flags )
-{
-
-	uniformRandomReal rand;
-	
-	auto minP = region_().minPoint();
-	auto maxP = region_().maxPoint();
-
-	for(size_t i=0; i<numPoints; i++)
-	{
-		if(flags[i] == 0)
-		{
-			bool loop=true;
-			size_t n=0;
-			while (loop)
-			{
-
-				auto pos = rand(minP, maxP);
-				if( region_().isInside(pos))
-				{
-					points[i] =pos;
-					loop = false;		
-				}
-				n++;
-
-				if(n>100)
-				{
-					fatalErrorInFunction<< 
-					"could not find a point inside region"<<region_->name()<<endl;
-					fatalExit;
-				}
-				
-			}
-			
-		}
-	}
-	points.modifyOnHost();
-	points.syncViews();
-}
-
-pFlow::int32 pFlow::findCollisions(
-		ContainerType& pairs,
-		int32Vector_HD& flags)
-{
-	auto allPairs = pairs.getPairs();
-	auto num = pairs.capacity();
-	auto dFlags = flags.deviceVector();
-	
-
-	int32 numCollisions = 0;
-
-	Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
-		"positionRandom::findCollisions",
-		num,
-		LAMBDA_HD(int32 i, int32& valueToUpdate){
-			if(allPairs.isValid(i))
-			{
-				auto pair = allPairs.getPair(i);
-				if( dFlags[pair.first] ==0 )
-				{
-					dFlags[pair.first] = 1;
-					valueToUpdate++;	
-				}
-			}
-		}, numCollisions);
-
-	flags.modifyOnDevice();
-	flags.syncViews();	
-
-	return numCollisions;
 }
 
 
diff --git a/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/positionRandom/positionRandom.hpp b/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/positionRandom/positionRandom.hpp
index 33bc9899..6faa81d9 100755
--- a/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/positionRandom/positionRandom.hpp
+++ b/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/positionRandom/positionRandom.hpp
@@ -2,88 +2,79 @@
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
     O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
-   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
   email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Licence:
-  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating
   granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
- 
-  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions.
+
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of
   granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
-#ifndef __positionOrdered_hpp__
-#define __positionOrdered_hpp__
+#ifndef __positionRandom_hpp__
+#define __positionRandom_hpp__
 
 #include "positionParticles.hpp"
-#include "VectorSingles.hpp"
-#include "VectorDuals.hpp"
-
+#include "dictionary.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
+class collisionCheck;
 
-
-class positionRandom
-:
-	public positionParticles
+class positionRandom : public positionParticles
 {
-protected:
+private:
 
-	dictionary 	prDict_;
+	dictionary   prDict_;
 
-	real 		diameter_;
+	real         diameter_;
 
-	size_t 		numPoints_;
+	uint32       numPoints_;
 
-	size_t 		maxIterations_;
-	
-	realx3Vector 	position_;
+	uint32       maxIterations_;
 
-	size_t 		reportInterval_;
+	realx3Vector position_;
 
-	bool positionOnePass(int32 pass, int32 startNum);
-	
-	bool positionPointsRandom();
+	realVector   diameters_;
 
-	bool inCollision(const realx3 &cntr, real diam);
+	uint32       reportInterval_;
 
-	void fillPoints(
-		uint numPoints,
-		realx3Vector_HD& points,
-		int32Vector_HD& flags );
+	bool         positionOnePass(collisionCheck& collCheck);
+
+	bool         positionPointsRandom();
 
 public:
 
 	// - type Info
-	TypeInfo("positionRandom");
+	TypeInfo("random");
 
-	positionRandom(const dictionary& dict);
+	positionRandom(systemControl& control, const dictionary& dict);
 
-	// - add this class to vCtor selection table 
-	add_vCtor(
-		positionParticles,
-		positionRandom,
-		dictionary);
+	// - add this class to vCtor selection table
+	add_vCtor
+	(
+		positionParticles, 
+		positionRandom, 
+		dictionary
+	);
 
-	virtual ~positionRandom() = default;
+	~positionRandom() final = default;
 
-	//// - Methods 
+	//// - Methods
 
-	virtual label numPoints()const
+	uint32 numPoints() const final
 	{
 		return position_.size();
 	}
 
-	virtual label size()const
+	uint32 size() const final
 	{
 		return position_.size();
 	}
@@ -94,25 +85,18 @@ public:
 	}
 
 	// - const access to position
-	virtual const realx3Vector& position()const 
+	const realx3Vector& position() const final
 	{
 		return position_;
 	}
 
-	// - access to position 
-	virtual realx3Vector& position()
+	// - access to position
+	realx3Vector& position() final
 	{
 		return position_;
 	}
-
-
-
-	
-};	
-
+};
 
 }
 
-
-
 #endif // __positionOrdered_hpp__
diff --git a/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/setFields.hpp b/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/setFields.hpp
index 0315c1b2..48b19c4d 100755
--- a/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/setFields.hpp
+++ b/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/setFields.hpp
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ bool applySelector(systemControl& control, const pointStructure& pStruct, const
 	
 	auto selector = pStructSelector::create(pStruct, selDict);
 
-	auto& selected = selector().selectedPoinsts();
+	auto& selected = selector().selectedPoints();
 
-	int32IndexContainer selIndex(selected.data(), selected.size());
+	uint32IndexContainer selIndex(selected.data(), selected.size());
 
 	setFieldList sfList(selDict.subDict("fieldValue"));
 
diff --git a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/CMakeLists.txt b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/CMakeLists.txt
index 98f41726..ad3f3d5c 100644
--- a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 
 set(source_files 
-postprocessPhasicFlow.cpp 
+cellMapper.cpp
+rectangleMesh.cpp
+countField.cpp
+countFields.cpp
 postprocess.cpp
 processField.cpp
 ProcessFields.cpp
 includeMask.cpp
 IncludeMasks.cpp
-
+postprocessPhasicFlow.cpp
 )
 set(link_lib phasicFlow Interaction Kokkos::kokkos Utilities)
 
diff --git a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/IncludeMask.hpp b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/IncludeMask.hpp
index 8e042ce5..c56001de 100644
--- a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/IncludeMask.hpp
+++ b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/IncludeMask.hpp
@@ -186,11 +186,12 @@ protected:
 		
 	Operator 				operator_;
 	
-	pointField_H<T> 		field_;
+	uniquePtr<pointField_H<T>> 		fieldPtr_;
 
+	hostViewType1D<T> 			field_;
 public:
 
-	TypeInfoTemplate2("IncludeMask", T, Operator);
+	TypeInfoTemplate12("IncludeMask", T, Operator);
 
 	IncludeMask(
 		const dictionary& dict,
@@ -199,8 +200,10 @@ public:
 	:
 		includeMask(dict, opType, timeFolder),
 		operator_(dict),
-		field_(timeFolder.readPointField_H<T>(this->fieldName()))
-	{}
+		fieldPtr_(timeFolder.readPointField_H<T>(this->fieldName())),
+		field_(fieldPtr_().hostView())
+	{
+	}
 
 	add_vCtor(
 		includeMask,
@@ -212,6 +215,11 @@ public:
 		return operator_(field_[n]);
 	}
 
+	uint32 size()const override
+	{
+		return field_.size();
+	}
+
 };
 
 
@@ -221,7 +229,7 @@ class IncludeMask<T,allOp<T>>
 	public includeMask
 {
 public:
-	TypeInfoTemplate2("IncludeMask", T, allOp<int8>);
+	TypeInfoTemplate12("IncludeMask", T, allOp<int8>);
 
 	IncludeMask(
 		const dictionary& dict,
@@ -240,6 +248,11 @@ public:
 	{
 		return true;
 	}
+
+	uint32 size()const override
+	{
+		return 0;
+	}
 };
 
 
diff --git a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/ProcessField.hpp b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/ProcessField.hpp
index 5ee87687..01841ebc 100644
--- a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/ProcessField.hpp
+++ b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/ProcessField.hpp
@@ -40,15 +40,14 @@ class ProcessField
 
 protected:
 
-	pointField_H<T>& 	field_;
+	uniquePtr<pointField_H<T>> 	field_;
 
 
-	rectMeshField_H<T>& 	processedField_;
+	rectMeshField_H<T> 	processedField_;
 
 public:
 
-	TypeInfoTemplate("ProcessField", T);
-
+	TypeInfoTemplate11("ProcessField", T);
 
 	ProcessField(
 		const dictionary& dict,
@@ -58,24 +57,14 @@ public:
 		processField(dict, pToCell, rep),
 		field_(
 			this->isUniform()?
-			timeFolder().createUniformPointField_H(this->fieldName(), getUniformValue() ):
+			timeFolder().createUniformPointField_H(this->fieldName(), getUniformValue(), false ):
 			timeFolder().readPointField_H<T>(this->fieldName()) 
 			),
 		processedField_
 		(
-			processedRepository().emplaceObject<rectMeshField_H<T>>
-			(
-				objectFile
-				(
-					processedFieldName(),
-					"",
-					objectFile::READ_NEVER,
-					objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
-				),
-				mesh(),
-				processedFieldName(),
-				T{}
-			)
+			mesh(),
+			processedFieldName(),
+			T{}
 		)
 	{
 		
@@ -99,33 +88,59 @@ public:
 		
 		const includeMask& incMask = includeMask_();
 		
-		auto numerator = sumMaksOp( field_ , this->pointToCell(), incMask);
+		auto numeratorPtr =  sumMaksOp( field_() , this->pointToCell(), incMask);
+		uniquePtr<rectMeshField_H<real>> denomeratorPtr;
 		
-		rectMeshField_H<real> denomerator( this->mesh(), real{} );
-
 		if(operation() == "sum")
 		{
-			denomerator = rectMeshField_H<real>(this->mesh(), static_cast<real>(1.0));
+			denomeratorPtr = makeUnique<rectMeshField_H<real>>(this->mesh(), static_cast<real>(1.0));
 
 		}else if(operation() == "average")
 		{
 
-			pointField_H<real> oneFld(field_.pStruct(), static_cast<real>(1.0), static_cast<real>(1.0));
+			pointField_H<real> oneFld(
+				objectFile
+				(
+					"oneField",
+					"", 
+					objectFile::READ_NEVER, 
+					objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
+				),
+				const_cast<pointStructure&>(field_().pStruct()), 
+				static_cast<real>(1.0), 
+				static_cast<real>(1.0)
+			);
 
-			denomerator = sumOp(oneFld, this->pointToCell());
+			denomeratorPtr = sumOp(oneFld, this->pointToCell());
 
 		}else if(operation() == "averageMask")
 		{
-			pointField_H<real> oneFld(field_.pStruct(), static_cast<real>(1.0), static_cast<real>(1.0));
+			//pointField_H<real> oneFld(field_().pStruct(), static_cast<real>(1.0), static_cast<real>(1.0));
+			pointField_H<real> oneFld(
+				objectFile
+				(
+					"oneField",
+					"", 
+					objectFile::READ_NEVER, 
+					objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
+				),
+				const_cast<pointStructure&>(field_().pStruct()), 
+				static_cast<real>(1.0), 
+				static_cast<real>(1.0)
+			);
+			
+			denomeratorPtr = sumMaksOp(oneFld, this->pointToCell(), incMask);
 
-			denomerator = sumMaksOp(oneFld, this->pointToCell(), incMask);
-		}else
+		}
+		else
 		{
 			fatalErrorInFunction<<"operation is not known: "<< operation()<<endl;
 			fatalExit;
 		}
 
-		
+		auto& numerator = numeratorPtr();
+		auto& denomerator = denomeratorPtr();
+
 		for(int32 i=0; i<this->mesh().nx(); i++ )
 		{
 			for(int32 j=0; j<this->mesh().ny(); j++ )
diff --git a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/cellMapper.cpp b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/cellMapper.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2e5de875
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/cellMapper.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "cellMapper.hpp"
+//#include "cellMapperKernels.hpp"
+#include "streams.hpp"
+
+
+void pFlow::cellMapper::allocateArrays(rangeU32 nextRng)
+{
+    checkAllocateNext(nextRng);
+    nullifyNext(nextRng);
+    reallocFill(head_, domainCells_.nx(), domainCells_.ny(), domainCells_.nz(), NoPos);
+}
+
+void pFlow::cellMapper::checkAllocateNext(rangeU32 nextRng)
+{
+
+    auto newCap = nextRng.end();
+    
+    if( nextCapacity_ < newCap)
+    {
+        nextCapacity_ = newCap;	
+        reallocNoInit(next_, nextCapacity_);
+    }
+}
+
+void pFlow::cellMapper::nullifyHead()
+{
+    fill(head_, NoPos);	
+}
+
+void pFlow::cellMapper::nullifyNext(rangeU32 nextRng)
+{
+	fill(next_, nextRng, NoPos);
+}
+
+pFlow::cellMapper::cellMapper(
+    const rectangleMesh& rectMesh,
+	const hostViewType1D<realx3>& pointPos,
+	const pFlagTypeHost& flags
+)
+: 
+   	domainCells_(rectMesh)
+{
+
+    allocateArrays(flags.activeRange());
+}
+
+bool pFlow::cellMapper::build
+(
+    const hostViewType1D<realx3>& pointPos, 
+    const pFlagTypeHost & flags
+)
+{
+    auto aRange = flags.activeRange();
+    
+    checkAllocateNext(aRange);
+    nullifyHead();
+    nullifyNext(aRange);
+	int32x3 ind;
+	for(uint32 i=aRange.start(); i<aRange.end(); i++)
+	{
+		if( domainCells_.isInsideIndex(pointPos[i], ind) )
+		{
+			next_[i] = head_(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z());
+			head_(ind.x(), ind.y(), ind.z()) = i;
+		}
+	}     
+    
+    return true;
+
+}
+
diff --git a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/cellMapper.hpp b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/cellMapper.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..95ae55ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/cellMapper.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+
+#ifndef __cellMapper_hpp__
+#define __cellMapper_hpp__
+
+#include "phasicFlowKokkos.hpp"
+#include "pointFlag.hpp"
+#include "rectangleMesh.hpp"
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+class cellMapper
+{
+public:
+
+	using HeadType 			= hostViewType3D<uint32>;
+
+	using NextType 			= hostViewType1D<uint32>;	
+
+	
+	static constexpr uint32 NoPos 	= 0xFFFFFFFF;
+
+	class CellIterator
+	{
+	private:
+		HeadType 		head_;
+
+		NextType 		next_;
+
+	public:
+
+		CellIterator(const HeadType& head, const NextType& next)
+		:
+			head_(head),
+			next_(next)
+		{}
+		
+		static constexpr uint32 NoPos = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		int32x3 numCells()const {
+			return int32x3(head_.extent(0), head_.extent(1), head_.extent(2));}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		uint32 start(int32 i, int32 j, int32 k)const {
+			return head_(i,j,k); }
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		uint32 getNext(uint32 n)const {
+			if(n == NoPos ) return NoPos;
+			return next_(n); }
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		uint32 next(uint32 n)const{
+			return next_(n);}
+	};
+
+private:
+	
+	const rectangleMesh&  	domainCells_;
+
+	HeadType 			head_{"NBS::head",1,1,1};
+
+	NextType 			next_{"NBS::next", 1};
+
+	uint32 				nextCapacity_ = 0;
+
+	void allocateArrays(rangeU32 nextRng);
+
+	void checkAllocateNext(rangeU32 nextRng);
+	
+	void nullifyHead();
+	
+	void nullifyNext(rangeU32 nextRng);
+	
+public:
+
+	TypeInfoNV("cellMapper");
+
+		
+		cellMapper(
+			const rectangleMesh& rectMesh,
+			const hostViewType1D<realx3>& pointPos,
+			const pFlagTypeHost& flags);
+					
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		cellMapper(const cellMapper&) = default;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		cellMapper(cellMapper&&) = default;
+		
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		cellMapper& operator = (const cellMapper&) = default;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		cellMapper& operator = (cellMapper&&) = default;
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+		~cellMapper()=default;
+
+	//// - Methods
+
+		auto getCellIterator()const
+		{
+			return CellIterator(head_, next_);
+		}
+
+		
+		bool build(
+			const hostViewType1D<realx3>& pointPos,
+			const pFlagTypeHost& flags);
+};
+
+} // pFlow
+
+#endif // __cellMapper_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/countField.cpp b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/countField.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..634e9418
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/countField.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "countField.hpp"
+#include "repository.hpp"
+#include "twoPartEntry.hpp"
+
+bool pFlow::countField::getFieldType(
+	const dictionary& dict,
+	readFromTimeFolder& timeFolder,
+	word& fieldName,
+	word& fieldType)
+{
+	if(dict.containsDataEntry("field"))
+	{
+		const dataEntry& entry = dict.dataEntryRef("field");
+
+		if( isTwoPartEntry(entry))
+		{
+			twoPartEntry tpEntry(entry);
+			fieldName = "uniformField";
+			fieldType = tpEntry.firstPart();
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			fieldName = dict.getVal<word>("field");
+			if( !timeFolder.pointFieldFileGetType(fieldName, fieldType) )
+			{
+				fatalErrorInFunction<<"error in reading field type from file "<< fieldName<<
+				"in folder "<< timeFolder.path()<<endl;
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		fatalErrorInFunction<< "dictionary "<< dict.globalName()<<
+		"does not contain field keyword"<<endl;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+pFlow::countField::countField(const dictionary& dict, repository& rep)
+:
+	dict_(dict),
+	timeFolder_(rep)
+{
+
+	word includeMaskType = dict_.getVal<word>("includeMask");
+
+	auto& incDict = dict_.subDictOrCreate(includeMaskType+"Info");
+	
+	includeMask_ = includeMask::create(incDict, includeMaskType, timeFolder_);
+
+}
+
+
+bool pFlow::countField::process(uint32& countedValue)
+{
+	auto& incMask = includeMask_();
+
+	countedValue = 0;
+	uint32 n = incMask.size();
+
+	for(uint32 i=0; i<n; i++)
+	{
+		if( incMask(i) )
+		{
+			countedValue++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/countField.hpp b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/countField.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c9347d4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/countField.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __countField_hpp__
+#define __countField_hpp__
+
+
+#include "virtualConstructor.hpp"
+#include "dictionary.hpp"
+#include "readFromTimeFolder.hpp"
+#include "includeMask.hpp"
+
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+
+class repository;
+
+class countField
+{
+protected:
+
+	dictionary 	dict_;
+	
+	mutable readFromTimeFolder 	timeFolder_;
+
+	uniquePtr<includeMask>  	includeMask_ = nullptr;
+	
+	bool static getFieldType(
+			const dictionary& dict,
+			readFromTimeFolder& timeFolder,
+			word& fieldName,
+			word& fieldType);
+
+public:
+
+	TypeInfo("countField");
+
+	countField(const dictionary& dict, repository& rep);
+
+	
+	auto& dict()
+	{
+		return dict_;
+	}
+
+	const auto& dict()const
+	{
+		return dict_;
+	}
+
+	auto& timeFolderRepository()
+	{
+		return timeFolder_.db();
+	}
+	
+	
+	auto& timeFolder()
+	{
+		return timeFolder_;
+	}
+
+	word variableName()const
+	{
+		return dict_.name();
+	}
+
+	// requires a class to read pointField from timefolder 
+	bool process(uint32& countedValue);
+
+
+
+	//virtual bool writeToFile(iOstream& is) const = 0;
+
+	/*static 
+	uniquePtr<countField> create(
+		const dictionary& dict,
+		repository& rep);*/
+};
+
+
+}
+
+
+#endif //__countField_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/countFields.cpp b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/countFields.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d4b3d6d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/countFields.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#include "countFields.hpp"
+#include "countField.hpp"
+#include "repository.hpp"
+#include "includeMask.hpp"
+
+
+pFlow::countFields::countFields(const dictionary& dict)
+:
+	dict_(dict),
+	variableNames_(dict.dictionaryKeywords()),
+	countedValues_(variableNames_.size(), 0u)
+{
+
+}
+
+
+bool pFlow::countFields::process(repository& rep)
+{
+	uint32List counted;
+
+	for(const auto& name: variableNames_)
+	{
+		const dictionary& varDict = dict_.subDict(name);
+		uint32 count;
+		countField cField(varDict, rep);
+		cField.process(count);
+		counted.push_back(count);
+	}
+
+	countedValues_ = counted;
+
+	return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/eventSubscriber/eventSubscriber.hpp b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/countFields.hpp
similarity index 63%
rename from src/phasicFlow/eventSubscriber/eventSubscriber.hpp
rename to utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/countFields.hpp
index 26e98e2c..86ba2c63 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/eventSubscriber/eventSubscriber.hpp
+++ b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/countFields.hpp
@@ -17,48 +17,61 @@ Licence:
   implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __countFields_hpp__
+#define __countFields_hpp__
 
 
-#ifndef __eventSubscriber_hpp__
-#define __eventSubscriber_hpp__
+#include "dictionary.hpp"
 
-#include "List.hpp"
-#include "eventObserver.hpp"
-#include "eventMessage.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
 
+class repository;
 
-class eventSubscriber
+class countFields
 {
 protected:
 
-	// - list of subsribed objectd that recieve updage messages 
-	mutable List<eventObserver*> observerList_;
+	dictionary 	dict_;
+	
+	wordList 	variableNames_;
+
+	uint32List 	countedValues_;
 
 public:
 
-	eventSubscriber()
-	{}
+	TypeInfo("countFields");
 
-	virtual ~eventSubscriber();
+	countFields(const dictionary& dict);
 
-	virtual bool subscribe(eventObserver* observer)const;
-
-	virtual bool unsubscribe(eventObserver* observer)const;
-
-	bool notify(const eventMessage& msg);
-
-	bool notify(const eventMessage& msg, const List<eventObserver*>& exclutionList );
+	auto& dict()
+	{
+		return dict_;
+	}
 
+	const auto& dict()const
+	{
+		return dict_;
+	}
 
+	const wordList& variableNames()const
+	{
+		return variableNames_;
+	}
+	const uint32List& countedValues()const
+	{
+		return countedValues_;
+	}
+	
+	// requires a class to read pointField from timefolder 
+	bool process(repository& rep);
 
 };
 
-} // pFlow
+
+}
 
 
-
-#endif // __eventSubscriber_hpp__
+#endif //__countFields_hpp__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/fieldOperations.hpp b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/fieldOperations.hpp
index e3a3dbd8..80eb82f8 100644
--- a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/fieldOperations.hpp
+++ b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/fieldOperations.hpp
@@ -31,25 +31,26 @@ namespace pFlow
 
 
 template<typename T>
-rectMeshField_H<T> sumOp( const pointField_H<T> field, const pointRectCell& pointToCell)
+uniquePtr<rectMeshField_H<T>> sumOp( pointField_H<T>& field, pointRectCell& pointToCell)
 {
 	// create field
-	const auto& mesh = pointToCell.mesh();
+	auto& mesh = pointToCell.mesh();
 	auto iterator = pointToCell.getCellIterator();
+	auto f = field.deviceView();
 
-	rectMeshField_H<T> results(mesh, T(0));
-
+	auto resultsPtr = makeUnique<rectMeshField_H<T>>(mesh, T(0));
+	auto& results = resultsPtr();
 	for(int32 i=0; i<mesh.nx(); i++)
 	{
 		for(int32 j=0; j<mesh.ny(); j++)
 		{
 			for(int32 k=0; k<mesh.nz(); k++)
 			{
-				auto n = iterator.start(i,j,k);	
+				uint32 n = iterator.start(i,j,k);	
 				T res (0);
-				while(n>-1)
+				while(n != cellMapper::NoPos)
 				{
-					res += field[n];
+					res += f[n];
 					n = iterator.getNext(n);
 				}
 
@@ -58,17 +59,19 @@ rectMeshField_H<T> sumOp( const pointField_H<T> field, const pointRectCell& poin
 		}
 	}
 
-	return results;
+	return resultsPtr;
 }
 
 template<typename T, typename incMask>
-rectMeshField_H<T> sumMaksOp( const pointField_H<T> field, const pointRectCell& pointToCell, const incMask& mask)
+uniquePtr<rectMeshField_H<T>> sumMaksOp( pointField_H<T>& field, pointRectCell& pointToCell, const incMask& mask)
 {
 	// create field
-	const auto& mesh = pointToCell.mesh();
+	auto& mesh = pointToCell.mesh();
 	auto iterator = pointToCell.getCellIterator();
+	auto f = field.deviceView();
 
-	rectMeshField_H<T> results(mesh, T(0));
+	auto resultsPtr = makeUnique<rectMeshField_H<T>>(mesh, T(0));
+	auto& results = resultsPtr();
 
 	for(int32 i=0; i<mesh.nx(); i++)
 	{
@@ -77,15 +80,15 @@ rectMeshField_H<T> sumMaksOp( const pointField_H<T> field, const pointRectCell&
 			for(int32 k=0; k<mesh.nz(); k++)
 			{
 				//auto [loop, n] = pointToCell.startLoop(i,j,k);
-				auto n = iterator.start(i,j,k);	
+				uint32 n = iterator.start(i,j,k);	
 				T res (0);
 				
-				while(n>-1)
+				while(n!= cellMapper::NoPos)
 				{
 					
 					if(mask(n))
 					{
-						res += field[n];
+						res += f[n];
 					}
 
 					n = iterator.getNext(n);
@@ -96,7 +99,7 @@ rectMeshField_H<T> sumMaksOp( const pointField_H<T> field, const pointRectCell&
 		}
 	}
 
-	return results;
+	return resultsPtr;
 }
 
 
diff --git a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/includeMask.cpp b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/includeMask.cpp
index 0d5fe75b..bb263758 100644
--- a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/includeMask.cpp
+++ b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/includeMask.cpp
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::includeMask> pFlow::includeMask::create(
 		auto objPtr = 
 			dictionaryvCtorSelector_[method]
 			(dict, opType, timeFolder);
-		REPORT(2)<< dict.name()<< " with model "<<greenText(method)<<" is processed."<<endREPORT;
+		REPORT(2)<< dict.name()<< " with model "<<Green_Text(method)<<" is processed."<<END_REPORT;
 		return objPtr;
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/includeMask.hpp b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/includeMask.hpp
index 795a6d84..c63cbfe5 100644
--- a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/includeMask.hpp
+++ b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/includeMask.hpp
@@ -85,6 +85,8 @@ public:
 
 	virtual bool isIncluded(int32 n) const = 0;
 
+	virtual uint32 size()const = 0;
+
 	bool operator()(int32 n) const 
 	{
 		return isIncluded(n);
diff --git a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/pointRectCell.hpp b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/pointRectCell.hpp
index 203db005..764cab4a 100644
--- a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/pointRectCell.hpp
+++ b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/pointRectCell.hpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Licence:
 #ifndef __pointRectCell_hpp__
 #define __pointRectCell_hpp__
 
-#include "mapperNBS.hpp"
+#include "cellMapper.hpp"
 #include "rectMeshFields.hpp"
 #include "pointStructure.hpp"
 
@@ -33,20 +33,19 @@ class pointRectCell
 {
 public:
 
-	using mapType = mapperNBS<DefaultHostExecutionSpace>;
+	using mapType = cellMapper;
 
-	using memory_space = typename mapType::memory_space;
+	//using memory_space = typename mapType::memory_space;
 
 protected:
 
 	repository&				processedRepository_;
 
-	rectangleMesh& 			mesh_;
-
+	rectangleMesh 			mesh_;
 
 	const pointStructure& 	pStruct_;
 
-	ViewType1D<realx3, memory_space> 		pointPosition_;
+	hostViewType1D<realx3> 	pointPosition_;
 
 	mapType 				map_;
 
@@ -61,33 +60,29 @@ public:
 	:
 		processedRepository_(rep),
 		mesh_
-		( 
-			processedRepository_.emplaceObject<rectangleMesh>
-			(
-				objectFile
-				(
-					"rectMesh",
-					"",
-					objectFile::READ_NEVER,
-					objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
-				),
-				dictMesh
-			)
+		(
+			dictMesh,
+			&rep
 		),
 		pStruct_(pStruct),
-		pointPosition_(pStruct_.pointPosition().hostVectorAll()),
-		map_( 
-			mesh_.domain(), 
-			mesh_.nx(),
-			mesh_.ny(),
-			mesh_.nz(),
-			pointPosition_),
-		nPointInCell_(mesh_, 0)
+		pointPosition_(pStruct_.pointPosition().hostViewAll()),
+		map_
+		( 
+			mesh_,
+			pointPosition_,
+			pStruct_.activePointsMaskHost()
+		),
+		nPointInCell_(mesh_,"nPointInCell", 0)
 	{
 
 		mapPOints();
 	}
 
+	auto& mesh()
+	{
+		return mesh_;
+	}
+
 	const auto& mesh()const
 	{
 		return mesh_;
@@ -100,25 +95,23 @@ public:
 
 	void mapPOints()
 	{
-		range activeRange = pStruct_.activeRange();
-		auto activeMask  = pStruct_.activePointsMaskH();
+		auto points = pStruct_.pointPositionHost();
+		auto activeMask  = pStruct_.activePointsMaskHost();
 
-		
-		map_.buildCheckInDomain(activeRange, activeMask);
+		map_.build(points, activeMask);
 		
 		auto iterator = map_.getCellIterator();
-		
 	
-		for(int32 i=0; i<map_.nx(); i++)
+		for(int32 i=0; i<mesh_.nx(); i++)
 		{
-			for(int32 j=0; j<map_.ny(); j++)
+			for(int32 j=0; j<mesh_.ny(); j++)
 			{
-				for(int32 k=0; k<map_.nz(); k++)
+				for(int32 k=0; k<mesh_.nz(); k++)
 				{
 
 					int32 res = 0;
-					int32 n = iterator.start(i,j,k);
-					while( n>-1)
+					uint32 n = iterator.start(i,j,k);
+					while( n!= cellMapper::NoPos)
 					{
 						res+=1;
 						n = iterator.getNext(n);
diff --git a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/postprocess.cpp b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/postprocess.cpp
index 8bfcdfb6..dbee2a39 100644
--- a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/postprocess.cpp
+++ b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/postprocess.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ Licence:
 #include "postprocess.hpp" 
 #include "timeFolder.hpp"
 #include "pointStructure.hpp"
+#include "countFields.hpp"
 #include "vocabs.hpp"
 #include "vtkFile.hpp"
 
@@ -29,22 +30,26 @@ pFlow::postprocess::postprocess(systemControl& control)
 	control_(control),
 	dict_(postprocessFile__, control_.settings().path()+postprocessFile__)
 {
-	REPORT(1)<<"Reading numberBased dictionary ..."<<endREPORT;
+	REPORT(1)<<"Reading numberBased dictionary ..."<<END_REPORT;
 	auto nbDict = dict_.subDictOrCreate("numberBased");
 
 	numberBasedDictNames_ = dict_.subDictOrCreate("numberBased").dictionaryKeywords();
 	if(!numberBasedDictNames_.empty())
 	{
-		REPORT(1)<< "numberBased dictionary contains " << yellowText(numberBasedDictNames_)<<endREPORT<<endl;	
+		REPORT(1)<< "numberBased dictionary contains " << Yellow_Text(numberBasedDictNames_)<<END_REPORT<<endl;	
 	}
 	
-
 	weightBasedDictNames_ = dict_.subDictOrCreate("weightBased").dictionaryKeywords();
 	if(!weightBasedDictNames_.empty())
 	{
-		REPORT(1)<< "numberBased dictionary contains " << yellowText(weightBasedDictNames_)<<endREPORT<<endl;	
+		REPORT(1)<< "numberBased dictionary contains " << Yellow_Text(weightBasedDictNames_)<<END_REPORT<<endl;	
+	}
+
+	countDictNames_ = dict_.subDictOrCreate("counting").dictionaryKeywords();
+	if(!countDictNames_.empty())
+	{
+		REPORT(1)<< "counting dictionary contains " << Yellow_Text(countDictNames_)<<END_REPORT<<endl;	
 	}
-	
 
 }
 
@@ -55,43 +60,32 @@ bool pFlow::postprocess::processTimeFolder(real time, const word& tName, const f
 	
 	time_ = time;
 
-	REPORT(0)<<"Working on time folder "<< cyanText(time)<<endREPORT; 
-	timeFolderReposiory_ = 
-		makeUnique<repository>
-		(
-			"timeFolder-"+tName,
-			localFolder,
-			&control_
-		);
+	REPORT(0)<<"Working on time folder "<< Cyan_Text(time)<<END_REPORT; 
 	
-	REPORT(1)<<"Reading pointStructure"<<endREPORT;
-	timeFolderReposiory().emplaceObject<pointStructure>(
-		objectFile
-		(
-			pFlow::pointStructureFile__,
-			"",
-			objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
-			objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
-		));	
+	control_.time().setTime(time);
 
+	REPORT(1)<<"Reading pointStructure"<<END_REPORT;
+	pointStructure pStruct(control_);
+
+	// first delete the object to remove fields from repository 
+	pointToCell_.reset(nullptr);
 	
-	REPORT(1)<<"Creating mesh and point to cell mapper"<<endREPORT;
+	REPORT(1)<<"Creating mesh and point to cell mapper"<<END_REPORT;
 	pointToCell_ = makeUnique<pointRectCell>(
 		dict_.subDict("rectMesh"),
-		timeFolderReposiory().lookupObject<pointStructure>(pointStructureFile__),
-		timeFolderReposiory());
+		pStruct,
+		control_.time());
 
 	// first numberbased dict 
+	
 	processedFields_.clear();
 	for(word& dictName:numberBasedDictNames_)
 	{
-		
-		
 		auto fieldDict  = dict_.subDict("numberBased").subDict(dictName);
 		auto ppFieldPtr = processField::create(
 			fieldDict,
 			pointToCell_(),
-			timeFolderReposiory());
+			control_.time());
 
 		if(!ppFieldPtr->process())
 		{
@@ -99,11 +93,28 @@ bool pFlow::postprocess::processTimeFolder(real time, const word& tName, const f
 		}
 
 		processedFields_.push_back( ppFieldPtr.release() );
-
 		output<<endl;
-
 	}
 
+	countedVariableNamesList_.clear();
+	countedVairablesLists_.clear();
+
+	for(const auto& countDictName:countDictNames_)
+	{
+		REPORT(1)<<"Processing "<< Yellow_Text("counting."<<countDictName)<<END_REPORT;
+		const dictionary& countDict = dict_.subDict("counting").subDict(countDictName);
+
+		countFields cFields(countDict);
+
+		cFields.process(timeFolderReposiory());
+
+		countedVariableNamesList_.push_back(
+			cFields.variableNames());
+
+		countedVairablesLists_.push_back(cFields.countedValues());
+
+	}
+	output<<"\n";
 
 
 	return true;
@@ -121,11 +132,11 @@ bool pFlow::postprocess::processTimeFolder(const timeFolder& tFolder)
 
 bool pFlow::postprocess::writeToVTK(fileSystem destPath, word bName)const
 {
-	vtkFile vtk(destPath, bName, time_);
+	vtkFile vtk(destPath, bName, time_, false);
 
 	if(!vtk) return false;
 
-	REPORT(1)<<"Writing processed fields to vtk file..."<<endREPORT;
+	REPORT(1)<<"Writing processed fields to vtk file..."<<END_REPORT;
 	// mesh
 	pointToCell_->mesh().writeToVtk(vtk());
 
diff --git a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/postprocess.hpp b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/postprocess.hpp
index e9e5398e..05ef0053 100644
--- a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/postprocess.hpp
+++ b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/postprocess.hpp
@@ -46,6 +46,12 @@ protected:
 
 	wordList 				weightBasedDictNames_;
 
+	wordList 				countDictNames_;
+
+	List<wordList>  		countedVariableNamesList_;
+
+	List<uint32List> 		countedVairablesLists_;
+
 	uniquePtr<repository> 	timeFolderReposiory_ {nullptr};
 
 	uniquePtr<pointRectCell>	pointToCell_ {nullptr};
diff --git a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/postprocessPhasicFlow.cpp b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/postprocessPhasicFlow.cpp
index e0c6c189..c53fafc5 100644
--- a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/postprocessPhasicFlow.cpp
+++ b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/postprocessPhasicFlow.cpp
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv )
 	#include "initialize_Control.hpp"
 
 	
-	pFlow::postprocess post(Control);
+	
 		
 	// time folders in case 
 	timeFolder folders(Control);
@@ -93,12 +93,16 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv )
 
 	pFlow::fileSystem destFolder = pFlow::fileSystem(outFolder);
 
+	pFlow::postprocess post(Control);
+
 	do 
 	{
 
-
-		if( !validRange.isMember( folders.time() ) )continue;
-
+		if( !validRange.isMember( folders.time() ) )
+		{
+			continue;
+		}
+				
 		if( !withZeroFolder && pFlow::equal(folders.time() , 0.0))continue;
 
 		post.processTimeFolder(folders);
@@ -106,9 +110,10 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv )
 		if(!post.writeToVTK(destFolder, "processed"))
 		{
 			fatalExit;
-		}	
-		
+		}
 
+		
+			
 	}while (folders++);
 
 	#include "finalize.hpp"
diff --git a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/processField.cpp b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/processField.cpp
index 2521d535..d06f71a0 100644
--- a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/processField.cpp
+++ b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/processField.cpp
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ pFlow::processField::processField(
 	processedFieldName_(dict.name()),
 	operation_(dict.getVal<word>("operation")),
 	includeMaskType_(dict.getVal<word>("includeMask")),
-	threshold_(dict.getValOrSet<int32>("threshold", 1))
+	threshold_(dict.getValOrSetMax<int32>("threshold", 1))
 {
 	
 	if(!processField::getFieldType(
@@ -50,8 +50,7 @@ pFlow::processField::processField(
 	auto& incDict = dict_.subDictOrCreate(includeMaskType_+"Info");
 	
 	includeMask_ = includeMask::create(incDict, includeMaskType_, timeFolder_);
-	
-	
+
 }
 
 bool pFlow::processField::getFieldType(
@@ -107,7 +106,6 @@ pFlow::processField::create(
 		return nullptr;
 	}
 	
-
 	auto method = angleBracketsNames("ProcessField", fType);
 
 	if( dictionaryvCtorSelector_.search(method) )
@@ -115,7 +113,7 @@ pFlow::processField::create(
 		auto objPtr = 
 			dictionaryvCtorSelector_[method]
 			(dict, pToCell, rep);
-		REPORT(2)<<"Processing/creating " << yellowText(dict.name())<< " with model "<<greenText(method)<<"."<<endREPORT;
+		REPORT(2)<<"Processing/creating " << Yellow_Text(dict.name())<< " with model "<<Green_Text(method)<<"."<<END_REPORT;
 		return objPtr;
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/processField.hpp b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/processField.hpp
index 9b4f67f6..27a14f4a 100644
--- a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/processField.hpp
+++ b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/processField.hpp
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ public:
 
 	processField(const dictionary& dict, pointRectCell& pToCell, repository& rep);
 
+	virtual ~processField() = default;
 
 	create_vCtor(
 			processField,
@@ -85,11 +86,21 @@ public:
 		return pointToCell_.mesh();
 	}
 
+	auto& mesh()
+	{
+		return pointToCell_.mesh();
+	}
+
 	const auto& pointToCell()const
 	{
 		return pointToCell_;
 	}
 
+	auto& pointToCell()
+	{
+		return pointToCell_;
+	}
+
 	auto& dict()
 	{
 		return dict_;
diff --git a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/rectMeshField.hpp b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/rectMeshField.hpp
index fa1be8ac..1da71d05 100644
--- a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/rectMeshField.hpp
+++ b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/rectMeshField.hpp
@@ -22,17 +22,19 @@ Licence:
 #define __rectMeshField_hpp__
 
 #include "rectangleMesh.hpp"
-#include "baseAlgorithms.hpp"
+#include "ViewAlgorithms.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-template<typename T, typename MemorySpace=void>
+template<typename T>
 class rectMeshField
+:
+	public IOobject
 {
 public:
 
-	using viewType = ViewType3D<T,MemorySpace>;
+	using viewType = ViewType3D<T,HostSpace>;
 
 	using memory_space = typename viewType::memory_space;
 
@@ -54,22 +56,49 @@ protected:
 public:
 
 
-	TypeInfoTemplateNV2("rectMeshField", T, memoerySpaceName());
+	TypeInfoTemplateNV111("rectMeshField", T, memoerySpaceName());
 	
-	rectMeshField(const rectangleMesh& mesh, const word& name ,const T& defVal)
+	rectMeshField(rectangleMesh& mesh, const word& name ,const T& defVal)
 	:
+		IOobject(
+			objectFile
+			(
+				name,
+				"",
+				objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+				objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
+			),
+			IOPattern::MasterProcessorOnly,
+			nullptr
+		),
 		mesh_(&mesh),
 		name_(name),
-		field_("pFlow::reactMeshField", mesh_->nx(), mesh_->ny(), mesh_->nz()),
+		field_("reactMeshField."+name, mesh_->nx(), mesh_->ny(), mesh_->nz()),
 		defaultValue_(defVal)
 	{
 		this->fill(defaultValue_);
 	}
 
-	rectMeshField(const rectangleMesh& mesh, const T& defVal)
+	rectMeshField(rectangleMesh& mesh, const T& defVal)
 	:
-		rectMeshField(mesh, "noName", defVal)
-	{}
+		IOobject(
+			objectFile
+			(
+				"noName",
+				"",
+				objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+				objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
+			),
+			IOPattern::MasterProcessorOnly,
+			nullptr
+		),
+		mesh_(&mesh),
+		name_("noName"),
+		field_("reactMeshField.noName", mesh_->nx(), mesh_->ny(), mesh_->nz()),
+		defaultValue_(defVal)
+	{
+		this->fill(defaultValue_);
+	}
 
 	rectMeshField(const rectMeshField&) = default;
 
@@ -144,13 +173,23 @@ public:
 	{
 		pFlow::fill(
 			field_,
-			range(0,mesh_->nx()),
-			range(0,mesh_->ny()),
-			range(0,mesh_->nz()),
 			val
 			);
 	}
 
+	 
+	bool write(iOstream& is, const IOPattern& iop)const override
+	{
+		notImplementedFunction;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	bool read(iIstream& is, const IOPattern& iop) override
+	{
+		notImplementedFunction;
+		return true;
+	}
+
 	bool read(iIstream& is)
 	{
 		notImplementedFunction;
diff --git a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/rectMeshFieldToVTK.hpp b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/rectMeshFieldToVTK.hpp
index 6219bdff..d0d951b5 100644
--- a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/rectMeshFieldToVTK.hpp
+++ b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/rectMeshFieldToVTK.hpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ namespace pFlow
 {
 
 template<typename T>
-bool convertRectMeshField(iOstream& os, rectMeshField_H<T>& field)
+bool convertRectMeshField(iOstream& os, const rectMeshField_H<T>& field)
 {
 	fatalErrorInFunction<< "this type is not supported "<<
 	field.typeName()<<endl;
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ bool convertRectMeshField(iOstream& os, rectMeshField_H<T>& field)
 
 
 template<>
-bool convertRectMeshField(iOstream& os, rectMeshField_H<real>& field)
+bool convertRectMeshField(iOstream& os, const rectMeshField_H<real>& field)
 {
 	
 	os<<"FIELD FieldData 1 " << field.name() << " 1 "<< field.size() << " float\n";
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ bool convertRectMeshField(iOstream& os, rectMeshField_H<real>& field)
 }
 
 template<>
-bool convertRectMeshField(iOstream& os, rectMeshField_H<realx3>& field)
+bool convertRectMeshField(iOstream& os, const rectMeshField_H<realx3>& field)
 {
 	
 	os<<"FIELD FieldData 1 " << field.name() << " 3 "<< field.size() << " float\n";
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ bool convertRectMeshField(iOstream& os, rectMeshField_H<realx3>& field)
 }
 
 template<>
-bool convertRectMeshField(iOstream& os, rectMeshField_H<int32>& field)
+bool convertRectMeshField(iOstream& os, const rectMeshField_H<int32>& field)
 {
 	
 	os<<"FIELD FieldData 1 " << field.name() << " 1 "<< field.size() << " int\n";
diff --git a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/rectMeshFields.hpp b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/rectMeshFields.hpp
index 64b0a625..0383c31d 100644
--- a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/rectMeshFields.hpp
+++ b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/rectMeshFields.hpp
@@ -27,17 +27,17 @@ namespace pFlow
 {
 
 template<typename T>
-using rectMeshField_H 		= rectMeshField<T,HostSpace>;
+using rectMeshField_H 		= rectMeshField<T>;
 
-using int8RectMeshField_H  = rectMeshField<int8, HostSpace>;
+using int8RectMeshField_H  = rectMeshField<int8>;
 
-using int32RectMeshField_H 	= rectMeshField<int32, HostSpace>;
+using int32RectMeshField_H 	= rectMeshField<int32>;
 
-using int64RectMeshField_H  = rectMeshField<int64, HostSpace>;
+using int64RectMeshField_H  = rectMeshField<int64>;
 
-using realRectMeshField_H	= rectMeshField<real, HostSpace>;
+using realRectMeshField_H	= rectMeshField<real>;
 
-using realx3RectMeshField_H	= rectMeshField<realx3, HostSpace>;
+using realx3RectMeshField_H	= rectMeshField<realx3>;
 
 }
 
diff --git a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/rectangleMesh.cpp b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/rectangleMesh.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..804b20c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/rectangleMesh.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#include "rectangleMesh.hpp"
+
+
+pFlow::rectangleMesh::rectangleMesh
+(
+    const box& mshBox, 
+    int32 nx, 
+    int32 ny, 
+    int32 nz,
+    repository* rep
+)
+:
+    IOobject(
+        objectFile
+        (
+            "rectMesh",
+            "",
+            objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+            objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
+        ),
+        IOPattern::MasterProcessorOnly,
+        rep
+    ),
+    meshBox_(mshBox),
+    numCells_(nx, ny, nz)
+{
+    if(mshBox.minPoint()>= mshBox.maxPoint())
+    {
+        fatalErrorInFunction<<"Lower corner point of mesh "<<mshBox.minPoint()<<
+        " confilicts with upper corner point of mesh "<<mshBox.maxPoint()<<endl;
+        fatalExit;
+    }
+
+    numCells_ = max( numCells_ , int32x3(1) );
+
+    dx_ = (mshBox.maxPoint() - mshBox.minPoint())/
+        realx3(numCells_.x_, numCells_.y_, numCells_.z_);
+
+}
+
+pFlow::rectangleMesh::rectangleMesh(const dictionary &dict, repository* rep)
+:
+    rectangleMesh(
+        box(dict),
+        dict.getVal<int32>("nx"),
+		dict.getVal<int32>("ny"),
+		dict.getVal<int32>("nz"),
+        rep
+    )
+{
+
+}
diff --git a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/rectangleMesh.hpp b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/rectangleMesh.hpp
index fded02a2..b13272b1 100644
--- a/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/rectangleMesh.hpp
+++ b/utilities/postprocessPhasicFlow/rectangleMesh.hpp
@@ -21,100 +21,112 @@ Licence:
 #ifndef __rectangleMesh_hpp__
 #define __rectangleMesh_hpp__
 
-#include "cells.hpp"
+#include "types.hpp"
+#include "error.hpp"
+#include "box.hpp"
+#include "IOobject.hpp"
+
+class repository;
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-
-
 class rectangleMesh
 :
-	public cells<int32>
+	public IOobject
 {
-	
+private:
+
+	box 		meshBox_;
+
+	int32x3 	numCells_;
+
+	realx3 		dx_;
+
 public:
 
-	TypeInfoNV("rectangleMesh");
-	
+	TypeInfo("rectangleMesh");
 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	rectangleMesh(){};
-
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	rectangleMesh(
-		const realx3& minP,
-		const realx3& maxP,
+		const box& mshBox,
 		int32 nx,
 		int32 ny,
-		int32 nz)
-	:
-	cells(
-		box(minP, maxP),
-		nx, ny, nz)
-	{}
+		int32 nz,
+		repository* rep);
+	
+	rectangleMesh(const dictionary & dict, repository* rep);
 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	rectangleMesh(const dictionary & dict)
-	:
-	cells(
-		box(
-			dict.getVal<realx3>("min"),
-			dict.getVal<realx3>("max")),
-		dict.getVal<int32>("nx"),
-		dict.getVal<int32>("ny"),
-		dict.getVal<int32>("nz")
-		)
-	{}
-
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	
 	rectangleMesh(const rectangleMesh&) = default;
 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	
 	rectangleMesh& operator = (const rectangleMesh&) = default;
 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	rectangleMesh(rectangleMesh&&) = default;
 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
+	
 	rectangleMesh& operator = (rectangleMesh&&) = default;
 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
-	~rectangleMesh() = default;
+	~rectangleMesh() override = default;
 
-
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	int64 size()const
 	{
-		return this->totalCells();
+		return numCells_.x_*numCells_.y_*numCells_.z_;
+	}
+
+	int32 nx()const
+	{
+		return numCells_.x();
+	}
+
+	int32 ny()const
+	{
+		return numCells_.y();
+	}
+
+	int32 nz()const
+	{
+		return numCells_.z();
 	}
 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	real cellVol()const
 	{
-		auto [dx,dy,dz] = this->cellSize();
-		return dx*dy*dz;
+		return dx_.x_*dx_.y_*dx_.z_;
+	}
+	
+	realx3 minPoint()const
+	{
+		return meshBox_.minPoint();
+	}
+	
+	realx3 maxPoint()const
+	{
+		return meshBox_.maxPoint();
 	}
 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	auto minPoint()const
+	inline
+	bool isInsideIndex(const realx3 p, int32x3 & ind )const
 	{
-		return domain().minPoint();
+		if(meshBox_.isInside(p))
+		{
+			ind = (p - meshBox_.minPoint())/dx_ ;
+			return true;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
 	}
 
-	INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-	auto maxPoint()const
-	{
-		return domain().maxPoint();
-	}
-
-	bool read(iIstream& is)
+	bool write(iOstream& is, const IOPattern& iop)const override
 	{
+		notImplementedFunction;
 		return true;
 	}
 
-	bool write(iOstream& os)const
+	bool read(iIstream& is, const IOPattern& iop) override
 	{
+		notImplementedFunction;
 		return true;
 	}
 
@@ -124,7 +136,7 @@ public:
 		os<<"DIMENSIONS "<<nx()+1<<" "<< ny()+1 << " "<< nz()+1 <<endl;
 		
 		auto [x, y , z] = this->minPoint();
-		auto [dx, dy, dz] = this->cellSize();
+		auto [dx, dy, dz] = dx_;
 
 		os<<"X_COORDINATES "<< nx()+1 <<" float\n";
 		for(int32 i=0; i<nx()+1; i++)