diff --git a/solvers/iterateGeometry/iterateGeometry.cpp b/solvers/iterateGeometry/iterateGeometry.cpp
index d541a5bf..1279d1c6 100755
--- a/solvers/iterateGeometry/iterateGeometry.cpp
+++ b/solvers/iterateGeometry/iterateGeometry.cpp
@@ -35,12 +35,10 @@ Licence:
 #include "commandLine.hpp"
 //#include "readControlDict.hpp"
 
-using namespace pFlow;
-
 int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
 {
 
-commandLine cmds(
+pFlow::commandLine cmds(
     "iterateGeometry",
     "Performs simulation without particles, only geometry is solved");
 
@@ -55,8 +53,8 @@ commandLine cmds(
    
 
 // this should be palced in each main 
-processors::initProcessors(argc, argv);
-initialize_pFlowProcessors();
+pFlow::processors::initProcessors(argc, argv);
+pFlow::initialize_pFlowProcessors();
 #include "initialize_Control.hpp"
 	
 	#include "setProperty.hpp"
@@ -71,7 +69,7 @@ initialize_pFlowProcessors();
 
 // this should be palced in each main 
 #include "finalize.hpp"
-processors::finalizeProcessors();
+pFlow::processors::finalizeProcessors();
 
 }
 
diff --git a/solvers/iterateSphereParticles/createDEMComponents.hpp b/solvers/iterateSphereParticles/createDEMComponents.hpp
index 85cb798a..e9975f44 100755
--- a/solvers/iterateSphereParticles/createDEMComponents.hpp
+++ b/solvers/iterateSphereParticles/createDEMComponents.hpp
@@ -20,6 +20,6 @@ Licence:
 
 //
 REPORT(0)<<"\nReading sphere particles . . ."<<END_REPORT;
-sphereParticles sphParticles(Control, proprties);
+pFlow::sphereParticles sphParticles(Control, proprties);
 
 WARNING<<"Particle insertion has not been set yet!"<<END_WARNING;
diff --git a/solvers/iterateSphereParticles/iterateSphereParticles.cpp b/solvers/iterateSphereParticles/iterateSphereParticles.cpp
index 30c181ba..1af6c7eb 100755
--- a/solvers/iterateSphereParticles/iterateSphereParticles.cpp
+++ b/solvers/iterateSphereParticles/iterateSphereParticles.cpp
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Licence:
 #include "systemControl.hpp"
 #include "commandLine.hpp"
 
-using namespace pFlow;
+
 
 /**
  * DEM solver for simulating granular flow of cohesion-less particles.
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ using namespace pFlow;
 int main( int argc, char* argv[])
 {
 
-commandLine cmds(
+pFlow::commandLine cmds(
 		"sphereGranFlow",
 		"DEM solver for non-cohesive spherical particles with particle insertion "
 		"mechanism and moving geometry");
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ bool isCoupling = false;
 if(!cmds.parse(argc, argv)) return 0;
 
 // this should be palced in each main 
-processors::initProcessors(argc, argv); 
-initialize_pFlowProcessors();
+pFlow::processors::initProcessors(argc, argv); 
+pFlow::initialize_pFlowProcessors();
 #include "initialize_Control.hpp"
 	
 	#include "setProperty.hpp"
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ initialize_pFlowProcessors();
 
 // this should be palced in each main 
 #include "finalize.hpp"
-processors::finalizeProcessors();
+pFlow::processors::finalizeProcessors();
 
 
 }	
diff --git a/solvers/sphereGranFlow/createDEMComponents.hpp b/solvers/sphereGranFlow/createDEMComponents.hpp
index 57c5866d..ddbceafe 100755
--- a/solvers/sphereGranFlow/createDEMComponents.hpp
+++ b/solvers/sphereGranFlow/createDEMComponents.hpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Licence:
 
 //
 REPORT(0)<<"\nReading sphere particles . . ."<<END_REPORT;
-sphereParticles sphParticles(Control, proprties);
+pFlow::sphereParticles sphParticles(Control, proprties);
 
 //
 REPORT(0)<<"\nCreating particle insertion object . . ."<<END_REPORT;
@@ -36,12 +36,12 @@ REPORT(0)<<"\nCreating particle insertion object . . ."<<END_REPORT;
 		sphParticles.shapes()
 	);*/
 
-auto sphInsertion =  sphereInsertion(
+auto sphInsertion =  pFlow::sphereInsertion(
 	sphParticles, 
 	sphParticles.spheres());
 
 REPORT(0)<<"\nCreating interaction model for sphere-sphere contact and sphere-wall contact . . ."<<END_REPORT;
-auto interactionPtr = interaction::create(
+auto interactionPtr = pFlow::interaction::create(
 	Control,
 	sphParticles,
 	surfGeometry
diff --git a/solvers/sphereGranFlow/sphereGranFlow.cpp b/solvers/sphereGranFlow/sphereGranFlow.cpp
index 9def5903..d854b417 100755
--- a/solvers/sphereGranFlow/sphereGranFlow.cpp
+++ b/solvers/sphereGranFlow/sphereGranFlow.cpp
@@ -40,12 +40,8 @@ Licence:
 #include "interaction.hpp"
 #include "Insertions.hpp"
 
-
-
 //#include "readControlDict.hpp"
 
-using namespace pFlow;
-
 /**
  * DEM solver for simulating granular flow of cohesion-less particles.
  *
@@ -55,7 +51,7 @@ using namespace pFlow;
 int main( int argc, char* argv[])
 {
 
-commandLine cmds(
+pFlow::commandLine cmds(
 		"sphereGranFlow",
 		"DEM solver for non-cohesive spherical particles with particle insertion "
 		"mechanism and moving geometry");
@@ -65,13 +61,12 @@ bool isCoupling = false;
 if(!cmds.parse(argc, argv)) return 0;
 
 // this should be palced in each main 
-processors::initProcessors(argc, argv);
-initialize_pFlowProcessors();
+pFlow::processors::initProcessors(argc, argv);
+pFlow::initialize_pFlowProcessors();
 #include "initialize_Control.hpp"
 	 
 	#include "setProperty.hpp"
 	#include "setSurfaceGeometry.hpp"
-	
 
 	#include "createDEMComponents.hpp"
 	
@@ -117,7 +112,7 @@ initialize_pFlowProcessors();
 
 // this should be palced in each main 
 #include "finalize.hpp"
-processors::finalizeProcessors();
+pFlow::processors::finalizeProcessors();
 
 
 }	
diff --git a/src/Geometry/geometry/geometry.cpp b/src/Geometry/geometry/geometry.cpp
index 00855156..e9cbab45 100644
--- a/src/Geometry/geometry/geometry.cpp
+++ b/src/Geometry/geometry/geometry.cpp
@@ -249,7 +249,9 @@ pFlow::geometry::geometry
 	if( this->numSurfaces() != motionComponentName_.size() )
 	{
 		fatalErrorInFunction<<
-		"Number of surfaces is not equal to number of motion component names"<<endl;
+		"Number of surfaces ("<< this->numSurfaces() <<
+        ") is not equal to number of motion component names("<<
+        motionComponentName_.size()<<")"<<endl;
 		fatalExit;
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/Geometry/geometryMotion/geometryMotion.cpp b/src/Geometry/geometryMotion/geometryMotion.cpp
index 6420dadb..22124c47 100644
--- a/src/Geometry/geometryMotion/geometryMotion.cpp
+++ b/src/Geometry/geometryMotion/geometryMotion.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-#include "geometryMotion.hpp"
 /*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
       O        C enter of
      O O       E ngineering and
@@ -70,6 +69,28 @@ bool pFlow::geometryMotion<MotionModel>::findMotionIndex()
 	return true;
 }
 
+namespace pFlow::GMotion
+{
+    template<typename ModelInterface>
+    void moveGeometry(
+        real dt,
+        uint32 nPoints,
+        const ModelInterface& mModel,
+        const deviceViewType1D<uint32>& pointMIndexD,
+        const deviceViewType1D<realx3>& pointsD
+    )
+    {
+        Kokkos::parallel_for(
+         "geometryMotion<MotionModel>::movePoints",
+         deviceRPolicyStatic(0, nPoints),
+         LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){
+             auto newPos = mModel.transferPoint(pointMIndexD[i], pointsD[i], dt);
+             pointsD[i] = newPos;
+         });
+
+        Kokkos::fence();
+    }
+}
 
 template<typename MotionModel>
  bool pFlow::geometryMotion<MotionModel>::moveGeometry()
@@ -84,8 +105,15 @@ template<typename MotionModel>
     auto& pointMIndexD= pointMotionIndex_.deviceViewAll();
     auto& pointsD = points().deviceViewAll();
     
+    pFlow::GMotion::moveGeometry(
+        dt, 
+        numPoints(), 
+        motionModel_.getModelInterface(iter, t, dt),
+        pointMotionIndex_.deviceViewAll(),
+        points().deviceViewAll()
+    );
 
-    Kokkos::parallel_for(
+    /*Kokkos::parallel_for(
          "geometryMotion<MotionModel>::movePoints",
          deviceRPolicyStatic(0, numPoints()),
          LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){
@@ -93,7 +121,7 @@ template<typename MotionModel>
              pointsD[i] = newPos;
          });
 
-    Kokkos::fence();
+    Kokkos::fence();*/
 
     // move the motion components
     motionModel_.move(iter, t,dt);
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactLists/sortedContactList.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactLists/sortedContactList.hpp
index 73f0ce4b..4f41caac 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/contactLists/sortedContactList.hpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactLists/sortedContactList.hpp
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ public:
 				start,
 				end,
 				newPair);
-				idx0!=-1)
+				idx0!=static_cast<uint32>(-1))
 		{
 			values_[idx] = values0_[idx0];
 		}
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ public:
 			start, 
 			end,
 			newPair);
-			idx0!=-1)
+			idx0!= static_cast<uint32>(-1) )
 		{
 			values_[idx] = values0_[idx0];
 			
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactLists/unsortedContactList.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactLists/unsortedContactList.hpp
index 8a61b2ce..7aa98237 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/contactLists/unsortedContactList.hpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactLists/unsortedContactList.hpp
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ public:
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	bool getValue(const PairType& p, ValueType& val)const
 	{
-		if(auto idx = this->find(p); idx!=-1)
+		if(auto idx = this->find(p); idx!=static_cast<uint32>(-1))
 		{
 			val = getValue(idx); 
 			return true;
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ public:
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	bool setValue(const PairType& p, const ValueType& val)const
 	{
-		if(uint32 idx = this->find(p); idx!=-1)
+		if(uint32 idx = this->find(p); idx!=static_cast<uint32>(-1))
 		{
 			setValue(idx, val);
 			return true;;
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ public:
 		{
 			if( uint32 idx0 = 
 					container0_.find(this->getPair(idx));
-					idx0!=-1 )
+					idx0!= static_cast<uint32>(-1) )
 			{
 				values_[idx] = values0_[idx0];
 			}
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactLists/unsortedPairs.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactLists/unsortedPairs.hpp
index fd4f117d..fb622bdb 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/contactLists/unsortedPairs.hpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactLists/unsortedPairs.hpp
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ public:
 	uint32 insert(idType i, idType j)const
 	{
 		if(auto insertResult = container_.insert(PairType(i,j)); insertResult.failed())
-			return -1;
+			return static_cast<uint32>(-1);
 		else
 			return insertResult.index();
 			
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ public:
 	uint32 insert(const PairType& p)const
 	{
 		if(auto insertResult = container_.insert(p); insertResult.failed())
-			return -1;
+			return static_cast<uint32>(-1);
 		else
 			return insertResult.index();
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ public:
 			idx != Kokkos::UnorderedMapInvalidIndex )
 			return idx;
 		else
-			return -1;
+			return static_cast<uint32>(-1);
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/ppwBndryContactSearchKernels.cpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/ppwBndryContactSearchKernels.cpp
index ea266e78..a0d47e78 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/ppwBndryContactSearchKernels.cpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/ppwBndryContactSearchKernels.cpp
@@ -80,14 +80,14 @@ pFlow::uint32 pFlow::pweBndryContactSearchKernels::broadSearchPP
 				if(!searchCells.inCellRange(ind))continue;
 
 				uint32 thisI = head(ind.x(),ind.y(),ind.z());
-				while (thisI!=-1)
+				while (thisI!=static_cast<uint32>(-1))
 				{				
 					
 					auto d_n = sizeRatio*diams[thisI];
 					
                     // first item is for this boundary and second itme, for mirror 
 					if(sphereSphereCheckB(p_m, points[thisI], d_m, d_n)&&
-                       ppPairs.insert(thisI,mrrI) == -1)
+                       ppPairs.insert(thisI,mrrI) == static_cast<uint32>(-1))
 					{
 						getFullUpdate++;	
 					}
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/wallBoundaryContactSearch.cpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/wallBoundaryContactSearch.cpp
index 99bbb8ac..acfad226 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/wallBoundaryContactSearch.cpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/boundaries/periodicBoundaryContactSearch/wallBoundaryContactSearch.cpp
@@ -113,7 +113,10 @@ pFlow::uint32 pFlow::wallBoundaryContactSearch::findPairsElementRangeCount
 
     uint32 nNotInserted = 0;
     uint32 nThis = pPoints.size();
-    
+    const auto& numElements = numElements_;
+    const auto& elementBox = elementBox_;
+    const auto& validBox = validBox_;
+
     Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
         "pFlow::wallBoundaryContactSearch::findPairsElementRangeCount",
         deviceRPolicyDynamic(0,nThis),
@@ -123,11 +126,11 @@ pFlow::uint32 pFlow::wallBoundaryContactSearch::findPairsElementRangeCount
             int32x3 ind;
             if( searchCells.pointIndexInDomain(p, ind) )
             {
-                for(uint32 nTri=0; nTri<numElements_; nTri++)
+                for(uint32 nTri=0; nTri<numElements; nTri++)
                 {
-                    if( validBox_[nTri]== 0)continue;
-                    if( elementBox_[nTri].isInside(ind)&& 
-                        pairs.insert(i,nTri+baseTriIndex) == -1)
+                    if( validBox[nTri]== 0)continue;
+                    if( elementBox[nTri].isInside(ind)&& 
+                        pairs.insert(i,nTri+baseTriIndex) == static_cast<uint32>(-1))
                     {
                         notInsertedUpdate++;    
                     }
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/NBSLoop.hpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/NBSLoop.hpp
index ab3eeea7..ecbc63e5 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/NBSLoop.hpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/NBSLoop.hpp
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ while( m !=  mapperNBS::NoPos)
 			auto lm = m;
 
 			if(lm>ln) Swap(lm,ln);
-			if( pairs.insert(lm,ln) == -1)
+			if( pairs.insert(lm,ln) == static_cast<uint32>(-1))
 			{
 				getFullUpdate++;
 			}
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ while( m !=  mapperNBS::NoPos)
 					auto ln = n;
 					auto lm = m;
 					if(lm>ln) Swap(lm,ln);
-					if( pairs.insert(lm,ln) == -1)
+					if( pairs.insert(lm,ln) == static_cast<uint32>(-1))
 					{
 						getFullUpdate++;
 					}
diff --git a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/cellsWallLevel0.cpp b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/cellsWallLevel0.cpp
index 00932281..e1b6e3a7 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/cellsWallLevel0.cpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/contactSearch/methods/cellBased/NBS/cellsWallLevel0.cpp
@@ -85,21 +85,26 @@ bool pFlow::cellsWallLevel0::broadSearch
 bool pFlow::cellsWallLevel0::build(const cells & searchBox)
 {
 	
+    const auto& points = points_;
+    const auto& vertices = vertices_;
+    const auto& elementBox = elementBox_;
+    const auto cellExtent = cellExtent_;
+
 	Kokkos::parallel_for(
 		"pFlow::cellsWallLevel0::build",
 		deviceRPolicyStatic(0,numElements_),
-		CLASS_LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i)
+		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i)
 		{
-			auto v = vertices_[i];
-			auto p1 = points_[v.x()];
-			auto p2 = points_[v.y()];
-			auto p3 = points_[v.z()];
+			auto v = vertices[i];
+			auto p1 = points[v.x()];
+			auto p2 = points[v.y()];
+			auto p3 = points[v.z()];
 			
 			realx3 minP;
 			realx3 maxP;
 
-			searchBox.extendBox(p1, p2, p3, cellExtent_, minP, maxP);
-			elementBox_[i] = iBoxType(searchBox.pointIndex(minP), searchBox.pointIndex(maxP));
+			searchBox.extendBox(p1, p2, p3, cellExtent, minP, maxP);
+			elementBox[i] = iBoxType(searchBox.pointIndex(minP), searchBox.pointIndex(maxP));
 		});
 	Kokkos::fence();
 
@@ -153,7 +158,12 @@ pFlow::int32 pFlow::cellsWallLevel0::findPairsElementRangeCount
 {
 	uint32 getFull =0;
 			
-	
+	const auto& elementBox = elementBox_;
+    const auto& normals = normals_;
+    const auto& points = points_;
+    const auto& vertices = vertices_;
+    const auto cellExtent = cellExtent_;
+
 	Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
 		"pFlow::cellsWallLevel0::findPairsElementRangeCount",
 		tpPWContactSearch(numElements_, Kokkos::AUTO),
@@ -163,10 +173,10 @@ pFlow::int32 pFlow::cellsWallLevel0::findPairsElementRangeCount
 			
 			const uint32 iTri = teamMember.league_rank();
 
-			const auto triBox = elementBox_[iTri];
+			const auto triBox = elementBox[iTri];
 			const auto triPlane = infinitePlane(
-				normals_[iTri], 
-				points_[vertices_[iTri].x()]);
+				normals[iTri], 
+				points[vertices[iTri].x()]);
 
 			uint32 getFull2 = 0;
 
@@ -186,11 +196,12 @@ pFlow::int32 pFlow::cellsWallLevel0::findPairsElementRangeCount
 						while( n != particleMap.NoPos)
 						{
 							// id is wall id the pair is (particle id, wall id)
-							if( abs(triPlane.pointFromPlane(pPoints[n]))< pDiams[n]*sizeRatio*cellExtent_)
+							if( abs(triPlane.pointFromPlane(pPoints[n]))< pDiams[n]*sizeRatio*cellExtent)
 							{
 								if( pairs.insert(
 									static_cast<csIdType>(n),
-									static_cast<csIdType>(iTri) ) == -1 )
+									static_cast<csIdType>(iTri) ) == static_cast<csIdType>(-1) 
+                                )
 									innerUpdate++;
 							}
 							n = particleMap.next(n);
diff --git a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteractionKernels.hpp b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteractionKernels.hpp
index c581d598..751c0fec 100644
--- a/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteractionKernels.hpp
+++ b/src/Interaction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteraction/sphereInteractionKernels.hpp
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ struct pwInteractionFunctor
 			int32 propId_i = propId_[i];
 			int32 wPropId_j = wPropId_[tj];
 
-			realx3 FCn, FCt, Mri, Mrj, Mij, Mji;
+			realx3 FCn, FCt, Mri, Mrj, Mij;
 			//output<< "before "<<history.overlap_t_<<endl;
 			// calculates contact force 
 			forceModel_.contactForce(
diff --git a/src/MotionModel/entities/stationary/stationary.hpp b/src/MotionModel/entities/stationary/stationary.hpp
index 723ae31f..2970e197 100644
--- a/src/MotionModel/entities/stationary/stationary.hpp
+++ b/src/MotionModel/entities/stationary/stationary.hpp
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public:
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	realx3 linVelocityPoint(const realx3 &)const
 	{
-		return zero3;
+		return realx3(0);
 	}
 
 	INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
diff --git a/src/MotionModel/rotatingAxisMotion/rotatingAxisMotion.hpp b/src/MotionModel/rotatingAxisMotion/rotatingAxisMotion.hpp
index a46350bd..5a191f11 100644
--- a/src/MotionModel/rotatingAxisMotion/rotatingAxisMotion.hpp
+++ b/src/MotionModel/rotatingAxisMotion/rotatingAxisMotion.hpp
@@ -76,8 +76,6 @@ protected:
 	{
 		return true;
 	}
-
-	void impl_setTime(uint32 iter, real t, real dt)const;
 	
 public:
 
@@ -90,6 +88,7 @@ public:
 		const dictionary& dict, 
 		repository* owner);
 
+    using fileDictionary::write;
 
 	bool write(iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop)const override;
 
@@ -98,6 +97,9 @@ public:
     {
       return rotatingAxis({0,0,0}, {1,0,0}, 0.0);
     }
+
+    // TODO: make this method protected
+    void impl_setTime(uint32 iter, real t, real dt)const;
 };
 
 } // pFlow
diff --git a/src/MotionModel/stationaryWall/stationaryWall.hpp b/src/MotionModel/stationaryWall/stationaryWall.hpp
index 514cba1d..5e0167f0 100644
--- a/src/MotionModel/stationaryWall/stationaryWall.hpp
+++ b/src/MotionModel/stationaryWall/stationaryWall.hpp
@@ -84,6 +84,8 @@ public:
 		repository* owner);
 
 
+    using fileDictionary::write;
+
 	bool write(iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop)const override;
 
 	static
diff --git a/src/MotionModel/vibratingMotion/vibratingMotion.hpp b/src/MotionModel/vibratingMotion/vibratingMotion.hpp
index 8c64e3a5..79dbc6f4 100644
--- a/src/MotionModel/vibratingMotion/vibratingMotion.hpp
+++ b/src/MotionModel/vibratingMotion/vibratingMotion.hpp
@@ -82,7 +82,6 @@ protected:
 		return true;
 	}
 
-	void impl_setTime(uint32 iter, real t, real dt)const;
 
 public:
 	
@@ -99,15 +98,20 @@ public:
 	/// Destructor 
 	~vibratingMotion()override = default;
 
+    using fileDictionary::write;
     
 	bool write(iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop)const override;
 
+    
+
 	static
     auto noneComponent()
     {
       return vibrating();
     }
 
+    // TODO: make this protected
+    void impl_setTime(uint32 iter, real t, real dt)const;
 };
 
 } // pFlow
diff --git a/src/Particles/Insertion/collisionCheck/collisionCheck.cpp b/src/Particles/Insertion/collisionCheck/collisionCheck.cpp
index 5cb7b470..ba8d4c9d 100644
--- a/src/Particles/Insertion/collisionCheck/collisionCheck.cpp
+++ b/src/Particles/Insertion/collisionCheck/collisionCheck.cpp
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ pFlow::collisionCheck::checkPoint(const realx3& p, const real d) const
             {
                 uint32 n = head_(i, j, k);
     
-                while( n != -1)
+                while( n != static_cast<uint32>(-1))
                 {
                     if( ((position_[n]-p).length() - 0.5*(diameters_[n]+d )) <= 0.0 )
                     {
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ pFlow::collisionCheck::mapLastAddedParticle()
         "size mismatch of next and position"<<endl;
         return false;
     }
-    next_.push_back(-1);
+    next_.push_back(static_cast<uint32>(-1));
     const auto& p = position_[n];
 
     if(!searchBox_.isInside(p))
diff --git a/src/Particles/Insertion/insertion/insertion.cpp b/src/Particles/Insertion/insertion/insertion.cpp
index d8d0881d..bb551a47 100644
--- a/src/Particles/Insertion/insertion/insertion.cpp
+++ b/src/Particles/Insertion/insertion/insertion.cpp
@@ -74,9 +74,6 @@ pFlow::insertion::pStruct() const
 	return particles_.pStruct();
 }
 
-
-
-
 bool
 pFlow::insertion::readInsertionDict()
 {
diff --git a/src/Particles/Insertion/insertion/insertion.hpp b/src/Particles/Insertion/insertion/insertion.hpp
index f8419aa3..f39f5c35 100644
--- a/src/Particles/Insertion/insertion/insertion.hpp
+++ b/src/Particles/Insertion/insertion/insertion.hpp
@@ -32,7 +32,9 @@ class pointStructure;
 /**
  * Base class for particle insertion
  */
-class insertion : public fileDictionary
+class insertion 
+: 
+    public fileDictionary
 {
 private:
 
@@ -118,6 +120,8 @@ public:
 	/*/// read from iIstream
 	virtual bool read(iIstream& is) = 0;*/
 
+    using fileDictionary::write;
+
 	/// write to iOstream
 	bool write(iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop)const override ;
 };
diff --git a/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereParticles/sphereParticles.hpp b/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereParticles/sphereParticles.hpp
index 0f78e498..d71e751a 100644
--- a/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereParticles/sphereParticles.hpp
+++ b/src/Particles/SphereParticles/sphereParticles/sphereParticles.hpp
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ private:
 	Timer  				   fieldUpdateTimer_;
 
 private:
-	bool initializeParticles();
+	
 
 	bool getParticlesInfoFromShape(
 	  const wordVector& shapeNames,
@@ -119,11 +119,14 @@ public:
 	 */
 	/*bool insertParticles
 	(
-	    const realx3Vector& position,
+    const realx3Vector& position,
 	    const wordVector&  shapes,
 	    const setFieldList& setField
 	) override ;*/
 
+    // TODO: make this method private later 
+    bool initializeParticles();
+
 	/// const reference to shapes object
 	const auto& spheres() const
 	{
diff --git a/src/Particles/particles/regularParticleIdHandler/regularParticleIdHandler.cpp b/src/Particles/particles/regularParticleIdHandler/regularParticleIdHandler.cpp
index 1916f430..b8a55aba 100644
--- a/src/Particles/particles/regularParticleIdHandler/regularParticleIdHandler.cpp
+++ b/src/Particles/particles/regularParticleIdHandler/regularParticleIdHandler.cpp
@@ -15,8 +15,11 @@ pFlow::regularParticleIdHandler::regularParticleIdHandler
 pFlow::Pair<pFlow::uint32, pFlow::uint32> 
     pFlow::regularParticleIdHandler::getIdRange(uint32 nNewParticles)
 {
+    
+    if(nNewParticles==0) return {0,0};
+
     uint32 startId;
-    if(maxId_==-1)
+    if(maxId_== static_cast<uint32>(-1))
     {
         startId = 0;
     }
@@ -37,7 +40,7 @@ bool pFlow::regularParticleIdHandler::initialIdCheck()
     uint32 maxId = max( *this );
     
     /// particles should get ids from 0 to size-1
-    if(maxId == -1)
+    if(maxId == static_cast<uint32>(-1))
     {
         fillSequence(*this,0u);
         maxId_ = size()-1;
diff --git a/src/Particles/particles/regularParticleIdHandler/regularParticleIdHandler.hpp b/src/Particles/particles/regularParticleIdHandler/regularParticleIdHandler.hpp
index a237e0da..3e4f8b41 100644
--- a/src/Particles/particles/regularParticleIdHandler/regularParticleIdHandler.hpp
+++ b/src/Particles/particles/regularParticleIdHandler/regularParticleIdHandler.hpp
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class regularParticleIdHandler
 {
 private:
     
-    uint32 maxId_ = -1;
+    uint32 maxId_ = static_cast<uint32>(-1);
 
   bool initialIdCheck()override; 
 public:
diff --git a/src/Particles/particles/shape/baseShapeNames.hpp b/src/Particles/particles/shape/baseShapeNames.hpp
index bc513b06..7e0a00c3 100644
--- a/src/Particles/particles/shape/baseShapeNames.hpp
+++ b/src/Particles/particles/shape/baseShapeNames.hpp
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ public:
 				return true;
 			}
 		}
-		idx = -1;
+		idx = static_cast<uint32>(-1);
 		return false;
 	}
 
@@ -144,6 +144,8 @@ public:
 
 	// - IO
 
+    using fileDictionary::write;
+
 	bool write(iOstream& os)const override;
 
 };
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/CMakeLists.txt b/src/phasicFlow/CMakeLists.txt
index 408fc042..7de9ceda 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ Timer/Timers.cpp
 
 
 containers/Vector/Vectors.cpp
+containers/VectorHD/wordVectorHost.cpp
 containers/VectorHD/VectorSingles.cpp
 containers/Field/Fields.cpp
 containers/symArrayHD/symArrays.cpp
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/ViewAlgorithms.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/ViewAlgorithms.hpp
index db071f0b..28e32abd 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/ViewAlgorithms.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/Kokkos/ViewAlgorithms.hpp
@@ -421,10 +421,10 @@ binarySearch(
 )
 {
 	if (end <= start)
-		return -1;
+		return static_cast<uint32>(-1);
 
 	if (auto res = binarySearch_(view.data() + start, end - start, val);
-	    res != -1)
+	    res != static_cast<uint32>(-1))
 	{
 		return res + start;
 	}
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/commandLine/CLI/TypeTools.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/commandLine/CLI/TypeTools.hpp
index 2b87ec60..667d3eac 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/commandLine/CLI/TypeTools.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/commandLine/CLI/TypeTools.hpp
@@ -146,11 +146,11 @@ template <typename T, typename C> class is_direct_constructible {
     static auto test(int, std::true_type) -> decltype(
 // NVCC warns about narrowing conversions here
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-#pragma diag_suppress 2361
+#pragma nv_diag_suppress 2361
 #endif
         TT { std::declval<CC>() }
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
-#pragma diag_default 2361
+#pragma nv_diag_default 2361
 #endif
         ,
         std::is_move_assignable<TT>());
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Field/Field.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Field/Field.hpp
index 887b994d..738811bc 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Field/Field.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Field/Field.hpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ Licence:
 
 #include "types.hpp"
 #include "VectorSingle.hpp"
+#include "wordVectorHost.hpp"
 #include "Vector.hpp"
 #include "streams.hpp"
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Field/Fields.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Field/Fields.cpp
index b0cbad75..e76daa11 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/Field/Fields.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/Field/Fields.cpp
@@ -31,5 +31,4 @@ template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::real>;
 
 template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::realx3>;
 
-
-
+template class pFlow::Field<pFlow::word, pFlow::HostSpace>;
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/List/ListPtr/ListPtrI.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/List/ListPtr/ListPtrI.hpp
index 77ef5a99..861239de 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/List/ListPtr/ListPtrI.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/List/ListPtr/ListPtrI.hpp
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ inline bool pFlow::ListPtr<T>::copy(const ListPtrType& src)
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 T* pFlow::ListPtr<T>::ptr(size_t i) 
 {
 
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ T* pFlow::ListPtr<T>::ptr(size_t i)
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 const T* pFlow::ListPtr<T>::ptr
 (
 	size_t i
@@ -66,6 +68,7 @@ const T* pFlow::ListPtr<T>::ptr
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 auto pFlow::ListPtr<T>::pos
 (
 	size_t i
@@ -84,6 +87,7 @@ auto pFlow::ListPtr<T>::pos
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 auto pFlow::ListPtr<T>::pos
 (
 	size_t i
@@ -102,6 +106,7 @@ auto pFlow::ListPtr<T>::pos
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 pFlow::ListPtr<T>::ListPtr
 (
 	const ListPtrType& src
@@ -119,6 +124,7 @@ pFlow::ListPtr<T>::ListPtr
 
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 pFlow::ListPtr<T>& pFlow::ListPtr<T>::operator=
 (
 	const ListPtrType& rhs
@@ -144,6 +150,7 @@ pFlow::ListPtr<T>& pFlow::ListPtr<T>::operator=
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 pFlow::uniquePtr<T> pFlow::ListPtr<T>::set
 (
 	size_t i, T* ptr
@@ -155,6 +162,7 @@ pFlow::uniquePtr<T> pFlow::ListPtr<T>::set
 
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 pFlow::uniquePtr<T> pFlow::ListPtr<T>::set
 (
 	size_t i,
@@ -179,6 +187,7 @@ pFlow::uniquePtr<T> pFlow::ListPtr<T>::set
 
 template<typename T>
 template<typename... Args>
+inline
 pFlow::uniquePtr<T> pFlow::ListPtr<T>::setSafe
 (
 	size_t i,
@@ -190,6 +199,7 @@ pFlow::uniquePtr<T> pFlow::ListPtr<T>::setSafe
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 void pFlow::ListPtr<T>::push_back
 (
 	T* ptr
@@ -199,6 +209,7 @@ void pFlow::ListPtr<T>::push_back
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 void pFlow::ListPtr<T>::push_back(uniquePtr<T>&& ptr)
 {
 	list_.push_back( ptr.release() );
@@ -206,13 +217,15 @@ void pFlow::ListPtr<T>::push_back(uniquePtr<T>&& ptr)
 
 template<typename T>
 template<typename... Args>
+inline
 void pFlow::ListPtr<T>::push_backSafe(Args&&... args)
 {
-	auto ptr=makeUnique<T>(std::forward<Args>(args)...) ;
+	uniquePtr<T> ptr = makeUnique<T>(std::forward<Args>(args)...) ;
 	push_back(ptr);
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 T& pFlow::ListPtr<T>::operator[]
 (
 	size_t i
@@ -231,6 +244,7 @@ T& pFlow::ListPtr<T>::operator[]
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 const T& pFlow::ListPtr<T>::operator[]
 (
 	size_t i
@@ -248,18 +262,21 @@ const T& pFlow::ListPtr<T>::operator[]
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 size_t pFlow::ListPtr<T>::size()const
 {
 	return list_.size();
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 auto pFlow::ListPtr<T>::empty() const
 {
 	return list_.emtpy();
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 pFlow::uniquePtr<T> pFlow::ListPtr<T>::release
 (
 	size_t i
@@ -273,15 +290,14 @@ pFlow::uniquePtr<T> pFlow::ListPtr<T>::release
 
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 void pFlow::ListPtr<T>::clear()
 {
 	
-	int i =0;
 	for( auto iter = list_.begin(); iter != list_.end(); ++iter )
 	{
 		if(*iter != nullptr)
-		{
-	
+		{	
 			delete *iter;
 			*iter = nullptr;
 		}	
@@ -291,6 +307,7 @@ void pFlow::ListPtr<T>::clear()
 }
 
 template<typename T>
+inline
 void pFlow::ListPtr<T>::clear
 (
 	size_t i
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingle.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingle.cpp
index dd093270..0e6f02b2 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingle.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingle.cpp
@@ -55,30 +55,14 @@ void pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::changeCapacity
     bool withInit
 )
 {
-    if constexpr( isTriviallyCopyable_ )
+    
+    if(withInit)
     {
-        if(withInit)
-        {
-            resizeInit(view_, actualCap);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            resizeNoInit(view_, actualCap);
-        }
-    }
-    else if constexpr( isHostAccessible_ )
-    {
-        viewType newView(view_.label(), actualCap);
-
-        for(auto i=0u; i<min(size_,actualCap); i++)
-        {
-            newView(i) = view_(i);
-        }
-        view_ = newView;
+        resizeInit(view_, actualCap);
     }
     else
     {
-        static_assert("changeCapacity is not a valid operation for non-trivially-copyable data type on device memory");
+        resizeNoInit(view_, actualCap);
     }
     
 }
@@ -91,17 +75,8 @@ pFlow::uint32 pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::reallocateCapacitySize
     uint32 s
 )
 {
-    if constexpr (isTriviallyCopyable_)
-    {
-        reallocNoInit(view_, cap);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        viewType newView(view_.label(), cap);
-        view_ = newView;
-    }
-    
-    return setSize(s);
+    reallocNoInit(view_, cap);
+    return setSize(s);   
 }
 
 template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
@@ -209,21 +184,7 @@ pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::VectorSingle
 :
     VectorSingle(name, src.capacity(), src.size(), RESERVE())
 {
-    if constexpr(isTriviallyCopyable_)
-    {
-        copy(deviceView(), src.deviceView());
-    }
-    else if constexpr( isHostAccessible_)
-    {
-        for(auto i=0u; i<src.size(); i++)
-        {
-            view_[i] = src.view_[i];
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        static_assert("This constructor is not valid for non-trivially copyable data type on device memory");
-    }
+    copy(deviceView(), src.deviceView());
 }
 
 template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
@@ -235,21 +196,7 @@ pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::VectorSingle
 :
     VectorSingle(name, src.size(), src.size(), RESERVE())
 {
-    if constexpr(isTriviallyCopyable_)
-    {
-        copy(deviceView(), src);
-    }
-    else if constexpr( isHostAccessible_)
-    {
-        for(auto i=0u; i<size(); i++)
-        {
-            view_[i] = src[i];
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        static_assert("This constructor is not valid for non-trivially copyable data type on device memory");
-    }
+    copy(deviceView(), src);
 }
 
 template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
@@ -325,18 +272,7 @@ INLINE_FUNCTION_H
 auto pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::hostViewAll()const
 {
     auto hView = Kokkos::create_mirror_view(view_);
-    if constexpr(isTriviallyCopyable_)
-    {
-        copy(hView, view_);
-    }
-    else if constexpr( isHostAccessible_ )
-    {
-        // nothing to be done, since it is already a host memory
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        static_assert("hostViewAll is not valid for non-trivially copyable data type on device memory");
-    }
+    copy(hView, view_);
     return hView;
 }
 
@@ -345,19 +281,7 @@ INLINE_FUNCTION_H
 auto pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::hostView()const
 {
     auto hView = Kokkos::create_mirror_view(deviceView());
-    if constexpr(isTriviallyCopyable_)
-    {
-        copy(hView, deviceView());
-    }
-    else if constexpr( isHostAccessible_ )
-    {
-        // nothing to be done, since it is already a host memory
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        static_assert("hostView is not valid for non-trivially copyable data type on device memory");
-    }
-    
+    copy(hView, deviceView());
     return hView;
 }
 
@@ -497,23 +421,9 @@ void pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::assign
         changeSize(srcSize);
     }
     
-    if constexpr( isTriviallyCopyable_ )
-    {
-        // - unmanaged view in the host
-        hostViewType1D<const T> temp(src.data(), srcSize );
-        copy(deviceView(), temp);
-    }
-    else if constexpr( isHostAccessible_)
-    {
-        for(auto i=0u; i<srcSize; i++)
-        {
-            view_[i] = src[i];
-        }   
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        static_assert("Not a valid operation for this data type on memory device");
-    }
+    // - unmanaged view in the host
+    hostViewType1D<const T> temp(src.data(), srcSize );
+    copy(deviceView(), temp);
     
 }
 
@@ -543,21 +453,8 @@ void pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::assignFromHost(const VectorTypeHost& sr
         changeSize(srcSize);
     }
 	
-    if constexpr(isTriviallyCopyable_)
-    {
-        copy(deviceView(), src.hostView());
-    }
-    else if constexpr( isHostAccessible_)
-    {
-        for(auto i=0u; i<src.size(); i++)
-        {
-            view_[i] = src.view_[i];
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        static_assert("Not a valid operation for this data type on device memory");
-    }
+    copy(deviceView(), src.hostView());
+    
 }
 
 template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
@@ -580,25 +477,30 @@ void pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::assign
         changeSize(srcSize);
     }
     
-
-    if constexpr(isTriviallyCopyable_)
-    {
-        copy(deviceView(), src.deviceView());
-    }
-    else if constexpr( isHostAccessible_)
-    {
-        for(auto i=0u; i<src.size(); i++)
-        {
-            view_[i] = src.view_[i];
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        static_assert("Not a valid operation for this data type on device memory");
-    }
+    copy(deviceView(), src.deviceView());
 }
 
 
+template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
+template<typename MSpace>
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+void pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::assignFromDevice(
+    const VectorSingle<T, MSpace>& src, 
+    bool srcCapacity
+)
+{
+    uint32 srcSize = src.size();
+    uint32 srcCap = src.capacity();
+
+    if(srcCapacity && srcCap != capacity()){
+        reallocateCapacitySize(srcCap, srcSize);
+    }
+    else {
+        changeSize(srcSize);
+    }
+    copy(deviceView(), src.deviceView());
+}
+
 template <typename T, typename MemorySpace>
 INLINE_FUNCTION_H
 void pFlow::VectorSingle<T, MemorySpace>::append(const ViewType1D<T,MemorySpace>& appVec)
@@ -615,21 +517,8 @@ void pFlow::VectorSingle<T, MemorySpace>::append(const ViewType1D<T,MemorySpace>
 		view_,
 		Kokkos::make_pair<uint32>(oldS, newSize));
 	
-    if constexpr( isTriviallyCopyable_)
-    {
-        copy(appendView, appVec);
-    }
-    else if constexpr( isHostAccessible_)
-    {
-        for(auto i=0u; i<appVec.size(); i++)
-        {
-            appendView[i] = appVec[i];
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        static_assert("not a valid operation for this data type on device memory");
-    }
+    copy(appendView, appVec);
+    
 }
 
 template <typename T, typename MemorySpace>
@@ -650,22 +539,7 @@ void pFlow::VectorSingle<T, MemorySpace>::append
     hostViewType1D<const T> temp(appVec.data(), srcSize );
     auto dest = Kokkos::subview(view_, Kokkos::make_pair<uint32>(oldSize,newSize));
 
-    if constexpr( isTriviallyCopyable_)
-    {
-        copy(dest, temp);
-    }
-    else if constexpr( isHostAccessible_)
-    {
-        for(auto i=0u; i<appVec.size(); i++)
-        {
-            dest[i] = appVec[i];
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        static_assert("not a valid operation for this data type on device memory");
-    }
-    
+    copy(dest, temp);    
 }
 
 template <typename T, typename MemorySpace>
@@ -687,21 +561,8 @@ void pFlow::VectorSingle<T, MemorySpace>::append
 		view_,
 		Kokkos::make_pair<uint32>(oldS, newSize));
 	
-    if constexpr( isTriviallyCopyable_)
-    {
-        copy(appendView, appVec.deviceView());
-    }
-    else if constexpr( isHostAccessible_)
-    {
-        for(auto i=0u; i<appVec.size(); i++)
-        {
-            appendView[i] = appVec.view_[i];
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        static_assert("not a valid operation for this data type on device memory");
-    }
+    copy(appendView, appVec.deviceView());
+    
 }
 
 template <typename T, typename MemorySpace>
@@ -936,22 +797,8 @@ bool pFlow::VectorSingle<T,MemorySpace>::reorderItems(const uint32IndexContainer
 
     setSize(newSize);
 
-    
-    if constexpr( isTriviallyCopyable_ )
-    {
-        copy(deviceView(), sortedView);
-    }
-    else if constexpr( isHostAccessible_)
-    {
-        for(auto i=0u; i<newSize; i++)
-        {
-            view_[i] = sortedView[i];
-        }   
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        static_assert("Not a valid operation for this data type on memory device");
-    }
+    copy(deviceView(), sortedView);
+
     
 	return true;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingle.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingle.hpp
index d30d1589..f64f78b1 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingle.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingle.hpp
@@ -39,9 +39,6 @@ Licence:
 namespace pFlow
 {
 
-//- Forward 
-template<typename T, typename MemorySpace>
-class VectorSingle;
 
 template<typename T, typename MemorySpace=void>
 class VectorSingle
@@ -101,6 +98,8 @@ private:
 		static constexpr
 		bool isTriviallyCopyable_ = std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T>;
 
+        static_assert(isTriviallyCopyable_, "This type is not trivially copyable");
+
 	  	/// Evaluate capacity based on the input size 
 		static INLINE_FUNCTION_H uint32 evalCapacity(uint32 n)
 		{
@@ -290,25 +289,7 @@ public:
 
 		template<typename MSpace>
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
-		void assignFromDevice(const VectorSingle<T, MSpace>& src, bool srcCapacity = true)
-		{
-			uint32 srcSize = src.size();
-			uint32 srcCap = src.capacity();
-
-			if(srcCapacity && srcCap != capacity()){
-				reallocateCapacitySize(srcCap, srcSize);
-			}
-			else {
-				changeSize(srcSize);
-			}
-
-			if constexpr(isTriviallyCopyable_){
-				copy(deviceView(), src.deviceView());
-			}
-			else{
-				static_assert("Not a valid operation for this data type ");
-			}
-		}
+		void assignFromDevice(const VectorSingle<T, MSpace>& src, bool srcCapacity = true);
 
 		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
 		void append(const ViewType1D<T,MemorySpace>& appVec);
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingles.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingles.hpp
index d0c3acdf..2479715a 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingles.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/VectorSingles.hpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ Licence:
 
 #include "types.hpp"
 #include "VectorSingle.hpp"
+#include "wordVectorHost.hpp"
 
 namespace pFlow
 {
@@ -77,6 +78,8 @@ typedef VectorSingle<realx3x3> 				realx3x3Vector_D;
 
 typedef VectorSingle<realx3x3, HostSpace> 	realx3x3Vector_H;
 
+typedef VectorSingle<word, HostSpace>        wordVector_H;
+
 }
 
 #endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/wordVectorHost.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/wordVectorHost.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eb1e8515
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/wordVectorHost.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+
+#include "wordVectorHost.hpp"
+
+bool pFlow::VectorSingle<pFlow::word,pFlow::HostSpace>::insertSetElement(
+    const uint32IndexContainer& indices, 
+    const word& val
+)
+{
+    if(indices.empty()) return true;
+	
+	auto maxInd = indices.max();
+
+	if(this->empty() || maxInd > size()-1 )
+	{
+		resize(maxInd+1);
+	}
+
+    auto ind = indices.hostView();
+    auto s = indices.size();
+
+    for(uint32 i=0; i< s; i++)
+    {
+        container_[ind[i]] = val;    
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::VectorSingle<pFlow::word,pFlow::HostSpace>::insertSetElement(
+    const uint32IndexContainer& indices, 
+    const std::vector<word>& vals
+)
+{
+    if(indices.empty())return true;
+	if(indices.size() != vals.size())return false;
+
+	auto maxInd = indices.max(); 
+	
+	if(this->empty() || maxInd > size()-1 )
+	{
+		resize(maxInd+1);
+	} 
+
+	auto ind = indices.hostView();
+	auto s = indices.size();
+
+	for(uint32 i=0; i< s; i++)
+	{
+		container_[ind[i]] = vals[i];    
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool pFlow::VectorSingle<pFlow::word,pFlow::HostSpace>::insertSetElement(
+	const uint32IndexContainer& indices, 
+	const ViewType1D<word, memory_space> vals
+)
+{
+	if(indices.empty())return true;
+	if(indices.size() != vals.size())return false;
+
+	auto maxInd = indices.max(); 
+	
+	if(this->empty() || maxInd > size()-1 )
+	{
+		resize(maxInd+1);
+	} 
+
+	auto ind = indices.hostView();
+	auto s = indices.size();
+
+	for(uint32 i=0; i< s; i++)
+	{
+		container_[ind[i]] = vals[i];    
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/wordVectorHost.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/wordVectorHost.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cb6d15b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/VectorHD/wordVectorHost.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,550 @@
+/*------------------------------- phasicFlow ---------------------------------
+      O        C enter of
+     O O       E ngineering and
+    O   O      M ultiscale modeling of
+   OOOOOOO     F luid flow       
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Copyright (C): www.cemf.ir
+  email: hamid.r.norouzi AT gmail.com
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
+Licence:
+  This file is part of phasicFlow code. It is a free software for simulating 
+  granular and multiphase flows. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+  the terms of GNU General Public License v3 or any other later versions. 
+ 
+  phasicFlow is distributed to help others in their research in the field of 
+  granular and multiphase flows, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
+  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+#ifndef __wordVectorHost_hpp__
+#define __wordVectorHost_hpp__
+
+#include "VectorSingle.hpp"
+#include "Vector.hpp"
+
+namespace pFlow
+{
+
+
+template<>
+class VectorSingle<word, HostSpace>
+{
+public:
+	
+	//- typedefs for accessing data
+
+		using VectorType		= VectorSingle<word, HostSpace>;
+
+		using VectorTypeHost 	= VectorSingle<word, HostSpace>; 		
+
+		using iterator        = word*;
+
+		using const_iterator   = const word*;
+	  	
+		using reference       = word&;
+	  	
+	 	using const_reference  = const word&;
+
+		using value_type       = word;
+	  	
+		using pointer         = word*;
+	  	
+		using const_pointer    = const word*;
+  	
+	//- typedefs related to memory management 
+
+		using viewType 			= ViewType1D<word, HostSpace>;
+
+		using device_type 		= typename viewType::device_type;
+
+		using memory_space 		= typename viewType::memory_space;
+
+		using execution_space 	= typename viewType::execution_space;
+
+private:
+	
+	// - Data members
+
+		Vector<word>              container_;
+
+        mutable viewType          unManagedView_;
+
+	// - protected members and methods 		
+
+		/// Is the memory of this vector accessible from Host
+		static constexpr 
+		bool  isHostAccessible_ = true; 
+
+		/// Is the memory of this vector accessiple from Divce
+		static constexpr
+		bool isDeviceAccessible_ = false; 
+
+		static constexpr
+		bool isTriviallyCopyable_ = false; 
+
+	
+public:
+
+	/// Type info
+	TypeInfoTemplateNV111("VectorSingle", word , memoerySpaceName());
+
+	//// - Constructors
+
+		/// Empty vector
+		VectorSingle() = default;
+		
+		/// Empty vector with a name (capacity = 2) 
+		explicit VectorSingle(const word& name)
+        :
+            container_(name)
+        {}
+		
+		/// Vector with name and size n
+		VectorSingle(const word& name, uint32 n)
+        :
+            container_(name, n)
+        {}
+		
+		/// Vector with name, size and value
+		VectorSingle(const word& name, uint32 n, const word& val)
+        :
+            container_(name, n, val)
+        {}
+
+		/// Vector with name, size (n) and reserved capacity 
+		VectorSingle(const word& name, uint32 cap, uint32 n, const RESERVE& r )
+        :
+            container_(name, cap, n, r)
+        {}
+		
+		/// Construct with a name and form std::vector (host memory)
+		VectorSingle(const word& name, const std::vector<word> & src)
+        :
+            container_(name, src)
+        {} 
+
+		/// Construct with a name and form std::vector (host memory) and with a desired capacity. 
+		VectorSingle(const word& name, const std::vector<word> & src, uint32 cap)
+        :
+            container_(name, src, cap)
+        {}
+		
+		/// Copy construct (performs deep copy)
+		VectorSingle(const VectorSingle& src)=default;
+		
+    	/// Copy construct with a new name (perform deep copy)
+		VectorSingle(const word& name, const VectorSingle& src)
+        :
+            container_(name, src.container_)
+        {}
+
+				
+		/// Copy assignment (perform deep copy from rhs to *this)
+		VectorSingle& operator = (const VectorSingle& rhs)=default;
+		
+		/// Move construct
+		VectorSingle(VectorSingle&&) = default;   
+
+		/// Move assignment
+		VectorSingle& operator= (VectorSingle&&) = default; 
+
+		/// @brief Descructor
+        /// This may not destroy the underlying memory, sice view is 
+		/// shared_ptr and maybe referenced by another object too 
+		~VectorSingle() = default;
+
+		/// Clone as a uniquePtr (perform deep copy)
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		uniquePtr<VectorSingle> clone() const
+        {
+            return makeUnique<VectorSingle>(*this);
+        }
+
+			
+	//// - Methods
+
+		/// Return *this
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		VectorType& VectorField()
+        {
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+		/// Return *this
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		const VectorType& VectorField()const
+        {
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+		/// Device view range [0,capcity)
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		auto& deviceViewAll()
+        {
+            // return un-managed view 
+            unManagedView_ = viewType(container_.data(), container_.capacity());
+            return unManagedView_;
+        }
+
+		/// Device view range [0,capcity)
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		const auto& deviceViewAll() const
+        {
+            // return un-managed view 
+            unManagedView_ = viewType(const_cast<word*>(container_.data()), container_.capacity());
+            return unManagedView_;
+        }
+
+		///  Device view range [0, size)
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		auto deviceView()const
+        {
+            return viewType(const_cast<word*>(container_.data()), container_.size());
+        }
+
+		/// Return a view accessible on Host in range [0,capacity)
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		auto hostViewAll()const
+        {
+            return viewType(const_cast<word*>(container_.data()), container_.capacity());
+        }
+		
+
+		/// Return a view accessible on Host in range [0,size)
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		auto hostView()const
+        {
+            return viewType(const_cast<word*>(container_.data()), container_.size());
+        }
+
+		/// Name of the vector 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		word name()const
+        {
+            return container_.name();
+        }
+		
+		
+		/// Size of the vector 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		uint32 size()const
+        {
+            return container_.size();
+        }
+		
+
+		// Capcity of the vector 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		uint32 capacity()const
+        {
+            return container_.capacity();
+        }
+		
+		/// If vector is empty 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		bool empty()const
+        {
+            return container_.size()==0uL;
+        }
+
+		
+		/// Reserve capacity for vector 
+		/// Preserve the content.
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		void reserve(uint32 cap)
+        {
+            container_.reserve(cap);
+        } 
+
+		/// Reallocate memory to new cap and set size to 0. 
+		/*INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		void reallocate(uint32 cap); 
+		
+		/// Reallocate memory to new cap and set size to newSize. 
+		/// Do not preserve the content
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		void reallocate(uint32 cap, uint32 newSize);*/
+		
+		/// Resize the vector and preserve the content
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H   
+		void resize(uint32 n)
+        {
+            container_.resize(n);
+        }
+
+		/// Resize the vector and assign the value to it. 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H  
+		void resize(uint32 n, const word& val)
+        {
+            container_.resize(n, val);
+        }
+
+		/// Clear the vector, but keep the allocated memory unchanged 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		void clear()
+        {
+            container_.clear();
+        }
+		
+		/// Fill the range [0,size) with val
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		void fill(const word& val)
+        {
+            container_.fill(val);
+        }
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		void fill(rangeU32 r,  const word& val)
+        {
+            container_.fill(r.start(), r.end(), val);
+        }
+		
+		/// Change size of the vector and assign val to vector and 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		void assign(size_t n, const word& val)
+        {
+            container_.assign(n, val);
+        }
+		
+		/// Assign source vector with specified capacity.
+		/// The size of *this becomes the size of src. 
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		void assign(const std::vector<word>& src, uint32 cap)
+        {
+            container_.reserve(cap);
+            this->assign(src);
+        }
+		
+
+		/// Assign source vector.
+		/// The size of *this becomes the size of src. 
+		/// The capacity of *this becomes the capacity of src.
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		void assign(const std::vector<word>& src)
+        {
+            container_.assign(src.begin(), src.end());
+        }
+
+		/// Assign source vector from host side.
+		/// The size of *this becomes the size of src. 
+		/// The capacity of *this becomes the capacity of src.
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		void assignFromHost(const VectorTypeHost& src)
+        {
+            notImplementedFunction;
+            fatalExit;
+        }
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		void assign(const VectorType& src, bool srcCapacity = true)
+        {
+            notImplementedFunction;
+            fatalExit;
+        }
+
+		template<typename MSpace>
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		void assignFromDevice(const VectorSingle<word, MSpace>& src, bool srcCapacity = true)
+		{
+			notImplementedFunction;
+            fatalExit;
+		}
+
+		/*INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		void append(const ViewType1D<T,MemorySpace>& appVec);
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		void append(const std::vector<T>& appVec);
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		void append(const VectorType& appVec);*/
+		
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		auto getSpan()
+        {
+            return span<word>(container_.data(), container_.size());
+        }
+				
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		auto getSpan()const
+        {
+            return span<word>(const_cast<word*>(container_.data()), container_.size());
+        }
+		
+		
+		bool insertSetElement(const uint32IndexContainer& indices, const word& val);
+        
+		
+		
+		bool insertSetElement(const uint32IndexContainer& indices, const std::vector<word>& vals);
+        
+		
+		
+		bool insertSetElement(
+			const uint32IndexContainer& indices, 
+			const ViewType1D<word, memory_space> vals
+        );
+        
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		bool reorderItems(const uint32IndexContainer& indices)
+        {
+            notImplementedFunction;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+		/// @brief push a new element at the end (host call only)
+		///  resize if necessary and works on host accessible vector.
+		
+		void push_back(const word& val)
+		{
+			container_.push_back(val);
+		}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		pointer data(){
+			return container_.data();
+		}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H 
+		const_pointer data()const{
+			return container_.data();
+		}
+
+		/// Return begin iterator. It works when devices is host accessible.
+		auto
+		begin(){
+			return container_.begin();
+		}
+
+		/// Return begin iterator. it works when host is accessible.
+		const auto
+		begin()const {
+			return container_.begin();
+		}
+		
+		auto end(){
+			return container_.end();
+		}
+
+		/// Return end iterator. it works when host is accessible.
+		const auto end()const{
+			return container_.end();
+		}
+				
+		/// Return reference to element i. it works when host is accessible.		
+		word& operator[](size_t i){
+			return container_[i];
+		}
+
+		const word& operator[](size_t i)const{
+			return container_[i];
+		}
+
+	//// - IO operations
+
+		/// Read vector from stream
+		FUNCTION_H
+		bool read(iIstream& is)
+		{
+			return container_.read(is);
+		}
+
+		/// Read vector from stream
+		FUNCTION_H
+		bool read(iIstream& is, const IOPattern& iop)
+		{
+			return container_.read(is, iop);
+		}
+
+		/// Write the vector to os
+		FUNCTION_H
+		bool write(iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop)const
+		{
+			return container_.write(os, iop);
+		}
+
+		FUNCTION_H
+		bool write(iOstream& os)const
+		{
+			return container_.write(os);	
+		}
+
+		template<typename HostMask>
+		FUNCTION_H
+		bool write(iOstream& os, const IOPattern& iop, const HostMask& mask)const
+		{
+			notImplementedFunction;
+			return false;
+		}
+
+
+		/// Name of the memory space
+		static  
+		constexpr const char* memoerySpaceName()
+		{
+			return memory_space::name();
+		}
+
+}; // class wordVectorHost
+
+inline iIstream& operator >> (iIstream & is, VectorSingle<word, HostSpace> & ivec )
+{
+	if( !ivec.read(is) )
+	{
+		ioErrorInFile (is.name(), is.lineNumber());
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+	return is;
+}
+
+inline iOstream& operator << (iOstream& os, const VectorSingle<word, HostSpace>& ovec )
+{
+	
+	if( !ovec.write(os) )
+	{
+		ioErrorInFile(os.name(), os.lineNumber());
+		fatalExit;
+	}
+
+	return os; 
+}
+
+
+} // - pFlow
+
+
+
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		bool append(const deviceViewType1D<T>& dVec, size_t numElems)
+		{
+
+			if(numElems == 0 )return true;
+			auto oldSize = size_;
+			auto newSize = size_ + numElems;
+
+			if(this->empty() || newSize > capacity() )
+			{
+				resize(newSize);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				size_ = size_+numElems;
+			}
+			
+			auto dSubView = Kokkos::subview(view_, Kokkos::make_pair(oldSize, newSize)); 
+			copy(dSubView, dVec);
+
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+		bool append(const VectorSingle& Vec)
+		{
+			return append(Vec.deviceView(), Vec.size());
+		}*/
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/boundaryField/boundaryField.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/boundaryField/boundaryField.hpp
index 9570f86b..20267f33 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/boundaryField/boundaryField.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/boundaryField/boundaryField.hpp
@@ -135,18 +135,31 @@ public:
 
 	FieldAccessType thisField()const
 	{
-		return FieldAccessType(
-			this->size(),
-			this->indexList().deviceViewAll(),
-			internal_.deviceViewAll());
+        if constexpr(isDeviceAccessible<execution_space>())
+            return FieldAccessType(
+                this->size(),
+                this->indexList().deviceViewAll(),
+                internal_.deviceViewAll());
+        else
+            return FieldAccessType(
+                this->size(),
+                this->boundary().indexListHost().deviceViewAll(),
+                internal_.deviceViewAll());
 	}
 
 	FieldAccessType mirrorField()const
 	{
-		return FieldAccessType(
-			this->mirrorBoundary().size(),
-			this->mirrorBoundary().indexList().deviceViewAll(),
-			internal_.deviceViewAll());
+        if constexpr(isDeviceAccessible<execution_space>())
+            return FieldAccessType(
+                this->mirrorBoundary().size(),
+                this->mirrorBoundary().indexList().deviceViewAll(),
+                internal_.deviceViewAll());
+        else
+            return FieldAccessType(
+                this->mirrorBoundary().size(),
+                this->mirrorBoundary().indexListHost().deviceViewAll(),
+                internal_.deviceViewAll());
+
 	}
 	
 	virtual 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/boundaryFieldList.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/boundaryFieldList.hpp
index 31a13661..9ef6fcb1 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/boundaryFieldList.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/containers/pointField/boundaryField/boundaryFieldList.hpp
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ protected:
 
     const boundaryList&         boundaries_;
 
-    uint32                      slaveToMasterUpdateIter_ = -1;
+    uint32                      slaveToMasterUpdateIter_ = static_cast<uint32>(-1);
 
 public:
 
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ public:
 
     bool slaveToMasterUpdateRequested()const
     {
-        return slaveToMasterUpdateIter_ != -1;
+        return slaveToMasterUpdateIter_ != static_cast<uint32>(-1);
     }
 
     
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/dictionary.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/dictionary.hpp
index 9baba109..1684987c 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/dictionary.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/dictionary.hpp
@@ -302,10 +302,10 @@ public:
 	//// - IO operations 
 
 		/// read from stream
-		virtual bool read(iIstream& is);
+		bool read(iIstream& is) override;
 
 		/// write to stream
-		virtual bool write(iOstream& os) const;
+		bool write(iOstream& os) const override;
 
 };
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/fileDictionary.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/fileDictionary.hpp
index b8685dfd..a74c989e 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/fileDictionary.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/dictionary/fileDictionary.hpp
@@ -46,6 +46,9 @@ public:
     const dictionary& dict, 
     repository* owner=nullptr);
 
+    using dictionary::read;
+    using dictionary::write;
+
     /// read from stream 
     bool read(iIstream& is, const IOPattern& iop) override;
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/globals/pFlowMacros.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/globals/pFlowMacros.hpp
index 544fc150..8973b6ba 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/globals/pFlowMacros.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/globals/pFlowMacros.hpp
@@ -37,6 +37,10 @@ Licence:
 
 #define CONSUME_PARAM(x) (void)(x);
 
+#if defined(pFlow_Build_Cuda) && !defined(__CUDACC__)
+#define __CUDACC__
+#endif
+
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
     #define INLINE_FUNCTION_HD inline __host__ __device__
     #define INLINE_FUNCTION_D  inline __device__
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/processors/localProcessors.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/processors/localProcessors.hpp
index eab18c08..1e1d6d3e 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/processors/localProcessors.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/processors/localProcessors.hpp
@@ -145,6 +145,15 @@ public:
         }
     #endif
 
+    static
+    bool builtForMPI()
+    {
+        #ifdef pFlow_Build_MPI
+            return true;
+        #else
+            return false;
+        #endif
+    }
 };
 
 }
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/processors/processors.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/processors/processors.cpp
index f5eb066a..078c9a5d 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/processors/processors.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/processors/processors.cpp
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ Licence:
 #include "processors.hpp"
 #include "streams.hpp"
 
-static int numVarsInitialized__ = 0;
 
 #ifdef pFlow_Build_MPI
 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOfileHeader.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOfileHeader.cpp
index 96a49f67..f67eec28 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOfileHeader.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOfileHeader.cpp
@@ -42,12 +42,22 @@ pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::oFstream> pFlow::IOfileHeader::outStream()const
 	return osPtr;
 }
 
-pFlow::IOfileHeader::IOfileHeader
-(
-	const objectFile& objf
-)
-:
-	objectFile(objf)
+pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::oFstream> pFlow::IOfileHeader::dummyOutStream() const
+{
+    auto osPtr = makeUnique<oFstream>( CWD()+word("dummyFile") , outFileBinary());
+    
+    if(osPtr && owner())
+	{
+	 	auto outPrecision = owner()->outFilePrecision();
+	 	osPtr->precision(static_cast<int>(outPrecision));
+	}
+
+	return osPtr;
+}
+
+pFlow::IOfileHeader::IOfileHeader(
+    const objectFile &objf)
+    : objectFile(objf)
 {}
 
 pFlow::fileSystem pFlow::IOfileHeader::path() const
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOfileHeader.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOfileHeader.hpp
index 1d2a1e4c..d4549c01 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOfileHeader.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOfileHeader.hpp
@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@ protected:
 		// - ouput file stream
 		uniquePtr<oFstream> outStream()const;
 
+        uniquePtr<oFstream> dummyOutStream()const;
+
 public:
 
 	// with owner 
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOobject.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOobject.cpp
index b5857ea1..6fae2f0a 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOobject.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/IOobject/IOobject.cpp
@@ -122,18 +122,35 @@ bool pFlow::IOobject::writeObject() const
 
 	if(ioPattern().thisCallWrite())
 	{
-		
-        if(auto ptrOS = outStream(); ptrOS )
+		if( ioPattern().thisProcWriteData())
         {
-            return writeObject(ptrOS());
+            if(auto ptrOS = outStream(); ptrOS )
+            {
+                return writeObject(ptrOS());
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                warningInFunction<< 
+                "error in opening file "<< path() <<endl;
+                return false;
+            }
         }
         else
         {
-            warningInFunction<< 
-            "error in opening file "<< path() <<endl;
-            return false;
+            
+            if(auto ptrOS = dummyOutStream(); ptrOS )
+            {
+                return writeObject(ptrOS());
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                warningInFunction<< 
+                "error in opening file "<< path() <<endl;
+                return false;
+            }
         }
         
+        
 	}
 
 	return true;
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/baseTimeControl.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/baseTimeControl.cpp
index 78d04225..d44b9aac 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/baseTimeControl.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/baseTimeControl.cpp
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ pFlow::baseTimeControl::baseTimeControl
 pFlow::baseTimeControl::baseTimeControl(int32 start, int32 end, int32 stride, const word &intervalPrefix)
 :
 	isTimeStep_(true),
-	iRange_(start, end, max(stride,1)),
+	iRange_(start, end, std::max(stride,1)),
 	intervalPrefix_(
 		intervalPrefix.size()==0uL? word("interval"): intervalPrefix+"Interval"
 	)
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/timeControl.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/timeControl.cpp
index 206da94e..b6305545 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/timeControl.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/repository/Time/timeControl.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
+#include "math.hpp"
 #include "timeControl.hpp"
 #include "dictionary.hpp"
 
@@ -137,14 +137,14 @@ pFlow::word pFlow::timeControl::timeName()const
 bool pFlow::timeControl::finalTime()const
 {
 	if( currentTime_ >= endTime_ ) return true;
-	if( abs(currentTime_-endTime_) < 0.5*dt_ )return true;
+	if( std::abs(currentTime_-endTime_) < 0.5*dt_ )return true;
 	return false;	
 }
 
 bool pFlow::timeControl::reachedStopAt()const
 {
 	if( currentTime_ >= stopAt_ ) return true;
-	if( abs(currentTime_-stopAt_) < 0.5*dt_ )return true;
+	if( std::abs(currentTime_-stopAt_) < 0.5*dt_ )return true;
 	return false;
 }
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ void pFlow::timeControl::checkForOutputToFile()
 	bool save = false;
 	if(managedExternaly_)
 	{
-		if( abs(currentTime_-writeTime_) < 0.5*dt_)
+		if( std::abs(currentTime_-writeTime_) < 0.5*dt_)
 		{
 			save = true;
 			lastSaved_ = currentTime_;
@@ -162,12 +162,12 @@ void pFlow::timeControl::checkForOutputToFile()
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		if ( abs(currentTime_ - lastSaved_ - saveInterval_) < 0.5 * dt_ )
+		if ( std::abs(currentTime_ - lastSaved_ - saveInterval_) < 0.5 * dt_ )
 		{	
 			lastSaved_ = currentTime_;
 			save = true;
 		}
-		else if( abs(currentTime_ - lastSaved_) < min( pow(10.0,-1.0*timePrecision_), 0.5 *dt_) )
+		else if( std::abs(currentTime_ - lastSaved_) < std::min( pow(10.0,-1.0*timePrecision_), 0.5 *dt_) )
 		{
 			lastSaved_ = currentTime_;
 			save = true;
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/smartPointers/uniquePtr.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/smartPointers/uniquePtr.hpp
index c1363cde..7bb6a6b9 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/smartPointers/uniquePtr.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/smartPointers/uniquePtr.hpp
@@ -37,16 +37,15 @@ namespace pFlow
 
 
 template<
-	typename T, 
-	typename Deleter = std::default_delete<T>
+	typename T
 >
 class uniquePtr
 :
-	public std::unique_ptr<T, Deleter>
+	public std::unique_ptr<T>
 {
 public:
 
-	using uniquePtrType = std::unique_ptr<T, Deleter>;
+	using uniquePtrType = std::unique_ptr<T>;
 
 	// using base constructors 
 	using uniquePtrType::unique_ptr;
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/streams/TStream/iTstream.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/streams/TStream/iTstream.cpp
index 49b80cee..ac8e503e 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/streams/TStream/iTstream.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/streams/TStream/iTstream.cpp
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ void pFlow::iTstream::reset()
 size_t pFlow::iTstream::tell() 
 {
     notImplementedFunction;
-    return -1;
+    return static_cast<size_t>(-1);
 }
 
 const pFlow::tokenList& pFlow::iTstream::tokens()const
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryBase/scatteredFieldAccess.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryBase/scatteredFieldAccess.hpp
index e051c803..c1967bc8 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryBase/scatteredFieldAccess.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryBase/scatteredFieldAccess.hpp
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ public:
 		return indices_;
 	}
 
+    INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 	uint32 index(uint32 i)const
 	{
 		return indices_[i];
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryList.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryList.cpp
index 473e523d..0e5ddfed 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryList.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryList.cpp
@@ -92,9 +92,12 @@ pFlow::boundaryList::boundaryList(pointStructure& pStruct)
   : ListPtr<boundaryBase>(pStruct.simDomain().sizeOfBoundaries()),
     pStruct_(pStruct),
     neighborListUpdateInterval_(
-		pStruct.simDomain().subDict("boundaries").getVal<uint32>(
-			"neighborListUpdateInterval"
-		)
+        max(
+            pStruct.simDomain().subDict("boundaries").getVal<uint32>(
+                "neighborListUpdateInterval"
+            ),
+            1u
+        )
 	)
 {
 }
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryReflective/boundaryReflective.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryReflective/boundaryReflective.cpp
index 6d818a23..74ee4d75 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryReflective/boundaryReflective.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/boundaries/boundaryReflective/boundaryReflective.cpp
@@ -125,6 +125,8 @@ bool pFlow::boundaryReflective::afterIteration
 
     const auto& velocity = time().lookupObject<realx3PointField_D>(velocityName_);
     const auto& velocityD = velocity.deviceViewAll();
+    
+    const auto restitution = restitution_;
 
     Kokkos::parallel_for(
         "pFlow::boundaryReflective::velocityChange",
@@ -137,7 +139,7 @@ bool pFlow::boundaryReflective::afterIteration
             if(vn < 0)
             {
                 realx3 vt = vel - vn*p.normal();
-                vel = restitution_*(vt - vn*p.normal());
+                vel = restitution*(vt - vn*p.normal());
             }
         }
     );
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/cylinder/cylinder.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/cylinder/cylinder.cpp
index 8c706d3e..014462c2 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/cylinder/cylinder.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/cylinder/cylinder.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Licence:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
-
+#include "math.hpp"
 #include "cylinder.hpp"
 #include "zAxis.hpp"
 #include "streams.hpp"
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/domain/regularSimulationDomain.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/domain/regularSimulationDomain.cpp
index a84325a9..aef3c126 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/domain/regularSimulationDomain.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/domain/regularSimulationDomain.cpp
@@ -32,9 +32,12 @@ bool pFlow::regularSimulationDomain::createBoundaryDicts()
     auto& rbBoundaries = this->subDict("regularBoundaries");
     
 	auto neighborLength = boundaries.getVal<real>("neighborLength");
-	auto boundaryExtntionLengthRatio = 
-		boundaries.getValOrSet<real>("boundaryExtntionLengthRatio", 0.1);
-	auto updateIntercal = boundaries.getValOrSet<uint32>("updateInterval", 1u); 
+	auto boundaryExtntionLengthRatio = max(
+		boundaries.getValOrSet<real>("boundaryExtntionLengthRatio", 0.1),
+        0.0);
+	auto updateIntercal = max( 
+        boundaries.getValOrSet<uint32>("updateInterval", 1u),
+        1u); 
 
 	for(uint32 i=0; i<sizeOfBoundaries(); i++)
 	{
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/internalPoints.cpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/internalPoints.cpp
index 4dc8ff0d..0ea527f6 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/internalPoints.cpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/internalPoints.cpp
@@ -317,6 +317,9 @@ pFlow::internalPoints::insertPoints(
 
 	auto aRange = pFlagsD_.activeRange();
 	uint32 emptySpots = pFlagsD_.capacity() - pFlagsD_.numActive();
+
+    if(emptySpots!= 0) emptySpots--;
+
 	message msg;
 
 	if( numNew > emptySpots )
@@ -348,8 +351,20 @@ pFlow::internalPoints::insertPoints(
 	// we should fill the scattered empty spots
 	else
 	{
-		notImplementedFunction;
-		return false;
+		auto newIndices = pFlagsD_.getEmptyPoints(numNew);
+		if(numNew != newIndices.size())
+		{
+			fatalErrorInFunction<<"not enough empty points in pointFlag"<<
+			numNew<< " "<<newIndices.size() <<endl;
+			pOutput<< pFlagsD_.capacity()<<endl;
+			pOutput<< pFlagsD_.numActive()<<endl;
+			return false;
+		}
+		
+		varList.emplaceBack<uint32IndexContainer>(
+			msg.addAndName(message::ITEM_INSERT),
+			newIndices
+		);
 	}
 
 	const auto& indices = varList.getObject<uint32IndexContainer>(
@@ -450,7 +465,7 @@ bool pFlow::internalPoints::insertPointsOnly(
 	}// we should fill the scattered empty spots
 	else
 	{
-		pOutput<<"numNew to be inserted "<< numNew <<endl;
+		
 		auto newIndices = pFlagsD_.getEmptyPoints(numNew);
 		if(numNew != newIndices.size())
 		{
@@ -460,7 +475,7 @@ bool pFlow::internalPoints::insertPointsOnly(
 			pOutput<< pFlagsD_.numActive()<<endl;
 			return false;
 		}
-		pOutput<<newIndices<<endl;
+		
 		varList.emplaceBack<uint32IndexContainer>(
 			msg.addAndName(message::ITEM_INSERT),
 			newIndices
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/pointFlagKernels.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/pointFlagKernels.hpp
index de8940ba..e76533b9 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/pointFlagKernels.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/pointStructure/internalPoints/pointFlagKernels.hpp
@@ -63,12 +63,13 @@ pFlow::ViewType1D<pFlow::uint32, typename pFlow::pointFlag<ExecutionSpace>::memo
 
 	ViewType1D<uint32,memory_space> emptyPoints("emptyPoints", numToGet);
 
-	
+	auto flags = flags_;
+
 	Kokkos::parallel_for(
 		"getEmptyPoints",
 		rPolicy(0, cap),
 		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i){
-			indices(i) = flags_[i] == DELETED;
+			indices(i) = flags[i] == DELETED;
 	});
 	Kokkos::fence();
 
@@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ pFlow::uint32 pFlow::pointFlag<ExecutionSpace>::markOutOfBoxDelete
 	{
 		minRange = 0;
 		maxRange = 0;
-		numDeleted == numActive_;
+		numDeleted = numActive_;
 	}
 	else
 	{
@@ -180,7 +181,8 @@ pFlow::pointFlag<ExecutionSpace>::addInternalPoints
 	uint32 maxRange;
 	uint32 numAdded = 0;
 	
-	
+	const auto& flag = flags_;
+
 	Kokkos::parallel_reduce(
 		"pointFlagKernels::addInternalPoints",
 		deviceRPolicyStatic(0, points.extent(0)),
@@ -191,10 +193,10 @@ pFlow::pointFlag<ExecutionSpace>::addInternalPoints
 			uint32& addToUpdate)
 		{
 			uint32 idx = points(i);
-			if( flags_[idx] <= DELETED) addToUpdate ++;
+			if( flag[idx] <= DELETED) addToUpdate ++;
 			minUpdate = min(minUpdate,idx);
 			maxUpdate = max(maxUpdate,idx);
-			flags_[idx] = INTERNAL;	
+			flag[idx] = INTERNAL;	
 		},
 		Kokkos::Min<uint32>(minRange), 
 		Kokkos::Max<uint32>(maxRange),
@@ -247,7 +249,7 @@ bool pFlow::pointFlag<ExecutionSpace>::deletePoints
 	if(numDeleted >= numActive_)
 	{
 		activeRange_ = {0, 0};
-		numDeleted == numActive_;
+		numDeleted = numActive_;
 	}
 		
 	numActive_ 	= numActive_ - numDeleted;
@@ -290,7 +292,7 @@ bool pFlow::pointFlag<ExecutionSpace>::deletePoints
 	if(numDeleted >= numActive_)
 	{
 		activeRange_ = {0, 0};
-		numDeleted == numActive_;
+		numDeleted = numActive_;
 	}
 		
 	numActive_ 	= numActive_ - numDeleted;
@@ -309,13 +311,14 @@ bool pFlow::pointFlag<ExecutionSpace>::changeFlags
 )
 {
 	auto flg = getBoundaryFlag(boundaryIndex);
+    const auto& flags = flags_;
 	Kokkos::parallel_for
 	(
 		"pointFlag::changeFlags",
 		rPolicy(0, changePoints.size()),
 		LAMBDA_HD(uint32 i)
 		{
-			flags_[changePoints(i)] = flg;
+			flags[changePoints(i)] = flg;
 		}
 	);
 	Kokkos::fence();
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/zAxis/array2D.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/zAxis/array2D.hpp
index f76e6080..3a1bb059 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/zAxis/array2D.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/structuredData/zAxis/array2D.hpp
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@ struct array2D
 
     constexpr size_t nCols()const noexcept
     {
-        return nCols;
+        return nCol;
     }
 
     constexpr size_t nRows()const noexcept
     {
-        return nRows;
+        return nRow;
     }
     
 };
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/triangleFunctions.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/triangleFunctions.hpp
index 7345c07f..c6812d2f 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/triangleFunctions.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/triangleFunctions.hpp
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ realx3 normal(const realx3& p1, const realx3& p2, const realx3& p3)
 {
 	auto n = cross(p2-p1, p3-p1);
 	if( equal(n.length(), 0.0) )
-    	return zero3;
+    	return realx3(0);
 	else
 		return normalize(n);
 }
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/math.hpp b/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/math.hpp
index ee140058..fbe3a6f1 100755
--- a/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/math.hpp
+++ b/src/phasicFlow/types/basicTypes/math.hpp
@@ -21,15 +21,16 @@ Licence:
 #ifndef __math_hpp__
 #define __math_hpp__
 
+
+#include "builtinTypes.hpp"
+#include "pFlowMacros.hpp"
+
 #ifdef __CUDACC__
 #include "math.h"
 #else
 #include <cmath>
 #endif
 
-#include "builtinTypes.hpp"
-#include "pFlowMacros.hpp"
-
 //* * * * * * * * * * *  List of functinos * * * * * * * * //
 // abs, mod, exp, log, log10, pow, sqrt, cbrt
 // sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2
@@ -51,22 +52,26 @@ abs(real x)
 #endif
 }
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 int64
 abs(int64 x)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+    return ::abs(x);
+#else
 	return std::abs(x);
-}
 #endif
+}
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD int32
 abs(int32 x)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+    return ::abs(x);
+#else
 	return std::abs(x);
-}
 #endif
+}
 
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real
 mod(real x, real y)
@@ -78,6 +83,7 @@ mod(real x, real y)
 #endif
 }
 
+
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD int64
 mod(int64 x, int64 y)
 {
@@ -102,147 +108,188 @@ mod(uint32 x, uint32 y)
 	return x % y;
 }
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real
 remainder(real x, real y)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+    return ::remainder(x,y);
+#else
 	return std::remainder(x, y);
-}
 #endif
+}
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
-INLINE_FUNCTION_H
+
+INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 real
 exp(real x)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+    return ::exp(x);
+#else
 	return std::exp(x);
-}
 #endif
+}
+
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 real
 log(real x)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+    return ::log(x);
+#else
 	return std::log(x);
-}
 #endif
+}
+
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 real
 log10(real x)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+    return ::log10(x);
+#else
 	return std::log10(x);
-}
 #endif
+}
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 real
 pow(real x, real y)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+	return ::pow(x,y);
+#else
 	return std::pow(x, y);
-}
 #endif
+}
+
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 real
 sqrt(real x)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+    return ::sqrt(x);
+#else
 	return std::sqrt(x);
-}
 #endif
+}
+
+
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 real
 cbrt(real x)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+    return ::cbrt(x);
+#else
 	return std::cbrt(x);
+#endif 
 }
-#endif
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 real
 sin(real x)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+    return ::sin(x);
+#else
 	return std::sin(x);
-}
 #endif
+}
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 real
 cos(real x)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+    return ::cos(x);
+#else
 	return std::cos(x);
-}
 #endif
+}
+
+
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 real
 tan(real x)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+    return ::tan(x);
+#else
 	return std::tan(x);
-}
 #endif
+}
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 real
 asin(real x)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+    return ::asin(x);
+#else
 	return std::asin(x);
-}
 #endif
+}
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 real
 acos(real x)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+    return ::acos(x);
+#else
 	return std::acos(x);
-}
 #endif
+}
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 real
 atan(real x)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+    return ::atan(x);
+#else
 	return std::atan(x);
-}
 #endif
+}
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real
 atan2(real y, real x)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+    return ::atan2(y,x);
+#else
 	return std::atan2(y, x);
-}
 #endif
+}
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 real
 sinh(real x)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+    return ::sinh(x);
+#else
 	return std::sinh(x);
-}
 #endif
+}
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 real
 cosh(real x)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+    return ::cosh(x);
+#else
 	return std::cosh(x);
-}
 #endif
+}
+
 
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real
 tanh(real x)
@@ -274,14 +321,17 @@ acosh(real x)
 #endif
 }
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 real
 atanh(real x)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+    return ::atanh(x);
+#else
 	return std::atanh(x);
-}
 #endif
+}
+
 
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real
 min(real x, real y)
@@ -293,40 +343,54 @@ min(real x, real y)
 #endif
 }
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 int64
 min(int32 x, int32 y)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+    return ::min(x,y);
+#else
 	return std::min(x, y);
-}
 #endif
+}
+
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 int64
 min(int64 x, int64 y)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+    return ::min(x,y);
+#else
 	return std::min(x, y);
-}
 #endif
+}
+
+
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD
 uint64
 min(uint64 x, uint64 y)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+    return ::min(x,y);
+#else
 	return std::min(x, y);
-}
 #endif
+}
+
+
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD uint32
 min(uint32 x, uint32 y)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+    return ::min(x,y);
+#else
 	return std::min(x, y);
-}
 #endif
+}
+
 
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD real
 max(real x, real y)
@@ -338,37 +402,48 @@ max(real x, real y)
 #endif
 }
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD int64
 max(int64 x, int64 y)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+	return ::max(x, y);
+#else
 	return std::max(x, y);
-}
 #endif
+}
+
+
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD int32
 max(int32 x, int32 y)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+	return ::max(x, y);
+#else
 	return std::max(x, y);
-}
 #endif
+}
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD uint64
 max(uint64 x, uint64 y)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+	return ::max(x, y);
+#else
 	return std::max(x, y);
-}
 #endif
+}
 
-#ifndef __CUDACC__
 INLINE_FUNCTION_HD uint32
 max(uint32 x, uint32 y)
 {
+#ifdef __CUDACC__
+	return ::max(x, y);
+#else
 	return std::max(x, y);
-}
 #endif
+}
+
 
 } // pFlow
 
diff --git a/src/setHelpers/setProperty.hpp b/src/setHelpers/setProperty.hpp
index 43ec5ef2..978662d4 100644
--- a/src/setHelpers/setProperty.hpp
+++ b/src/setHelpers/setProperty.hpp
@@ -23,6 +23,6 @@ Licence:
 
 REPORT(0)<<"\nReading proprties . . . "<<END_REPORT;
 
-auto proprties = property(propertyFile__, Control.caseSetup().path());
+auto proprties = pFlow::property(pFlow::propertyFile__, Control.caseSetup().path());
 
 #endif // __setProperty_hpp__
diff --git a/utilities/CMakeLists.txt b/utilities/CMakeLists.txt
index 37a70ad1..18f870cf 100644
--- a/utilities/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/utilities/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-#add_subdirectory(checkPhasicFlow)
+add_subdirectory(checkPhasicFlow)
 
 add_subdirectory(particlesPhasicFlow)
 
diff --git a/utilities/Utilities/CMakeLists.txt b/utilities/Utilities/CMakeLists.txt
index 729958ed..598a542a 100644
--- a/utilities/Utilities/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/utilities/Utilities/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ readFromTimeFolder.cpp
 vtkFile/vtkFile.cpp
 geometryPhasicFlow/Wall/Wall.cpp 
 geometryPhasicFlow/planeWall/planeWall.cpp 
-#geometryPhasicFlow/stlWall/stlWall.cpp
+geometryPhasicFlow/stlWall/stlFile.cpp
+geometryPhasicFlow/stlWall/stlWall.cpp
 geometryPhasicFlow/cylinderWall/cylinderWall.cpp
 geometryPhasicFlow/cuboidWall/cuboidWall.cpp
 )
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/stlFile.cpp b/utilities/Utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/stlWall/stlFile.cpp
similarity index 97%
rename from src/phasicFlow/triSurface/stlFile.cpp
rename to utilities/Utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/stlWall/stlFile.cpp
index 0dc3cde6..c0366851 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/stlFile.cpp
+++ b/utilities/Utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/stlWall/stlFile.cpp
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ void pFlow::stlFile::addSolid
 	const realx3x3Vector& vertecies
 )
 {
-	solids_.push_backSafe(vertecies);
+	solids_.push_back(makeUnique<realx3x3Vector>(vertecies));
 	solidNames_.push_back(name);
 }
 
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ void pFlow::stlFile::addSolid
 	realx3x3Vector&& vertecies
 )
 {
-	solids_.push_backSafe(std::move(vertecies));
+	solids_.push_back(makeUnique<realx3x3Vector>(vertecies));
 	solidNames_.push_back(name);
 }
 
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ bool pFlow::stlFile::write()const
 {
 	oFstream os(file_);
 	os.precision(8);
-	for(label i=0; i<size(); i++)
+	for(size_t i=0; i<size(); i++)
 	{
 		writeSolid(os, solids_[i], solidNames_[i]);
 	}
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ size_t pFlow::stlFile::size()const
 
 const pFlow::realx3x3Vector& pFlow::stlFile::solid
 (
-	label i
+	size_t i
 )const
 {
 	if(i >= size() )
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ const pFlow::realx3x3Vector& pFlow::stlFile::solid
 
 const pFlow::word& pFlow::stlFile::name
 (
-	label i
+	size_t i
 )const
 {
 	if(i >= size() )
diff --git a/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/stlFile.hpp b/utilities/Utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/stlWall/stlFile.hpp
similarity index 97%
rename from src/phasicFlow/triSurface/stlFile.hpp
rename to utilities/Utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/stlWall/stlFile.hpp
index 6f47fbd5..eea2f928 100644
--- a/src/phasicFlow/triSurface/stlFile.hpp
+++ b/utilities/Utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/stlWall/stlFile.hpp
@@ -106,10 +106,10 @@ public:
 		size_t size()const;
 		
 		// - vertecies of ith solid
-		const realx3x3Vector& solid(uint64 i)const;
+		const realx3x3Vector& solid(size_t i)const;
 
 		// - name of ith solid 
-		const word& name(uint64 i)const;
+		const word& name(size_t i)const;
 
 };
 
diff --git a/utilities/checkPhasicFlow/checkPhasicFlow.cpp b/utilities/checkPhasicFlow/checkPhasicFlow.cpp
index 3ffe4168..cbd36d03 100755
--- a/utilities/checkPhasicFlow/checkPhasicFlow.cpp
+++ b/utilities/checkPhasicFlow/checkPhasicFlow.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ Licence:
 
 #include "KokkosTypes.hpp"
 #include "systemControl.hpp"
+#include "localProcessors.hpp"
 #include "commandLine.hpp"
 
 
@@ -40,9 +41,11 @@ if(!cmds.parse(argc, argv)) return 0;
 #include "initialize.hpp"
 
 	output<<endl;
-	REPORT(1)<< "You are using "<<yellowText(cmds.productNameCopyright())<<endREPORT;
-  REPORT(1)<< yellowText(pFlow::floatingPointDescription())<<endREPORT;
-	
+	REPORT(1)<< "You are using "<<Yellow_Text(cmds.productNameCopyright())<<END_REPORT;
+	REPORT(1)<< Yellow_Text(pFlow::floatingPointDescription())<<END_REPORT;
+    REPORT(1)<< (pFlow::localProcessors::builtForMPI()?
+        "This is a built for MPI execution":
+        "This is not a build for MPI execution")<<END_REPORT;
 
 // this should be palced in each main 
 #include "finalize.hpp"
diff --git a/utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/geometryPhasicFlow.cpp b/utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/geometryPhasicFlow.cpp
index 4fa51770..8db0b791 100755
--- a/utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/geometryPhasicFlow.cpp
+++ b/utilities/geometryPhasicFlow/geometryPhasicFlow.cpp
@@ -26,12 +26,10 @@ Licence:
 //#include "readControlDict.hpp"
 
 
-using namespace pFlow;
-
 int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
 {
 
-	commandLine cmds(
+	pFlow::commandLine cmds(
     	"geometryPhasicFlow",
     	"Converts the supplied informaiton for sufraces in"
     	" geometryDict into PhasicFlow geometry data structure");
@@ -51,13 +49,13 @@ int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
 	#include "setProperty.hpp"
 
 	REPORT(0)<<"\nReading "<<"geometryDict"<<" . . ."<<END_REPORT;
-	auto geometryDict = fileDictionary(
-		objectFile
+	auto geometryDict = pFlow::fileDictionary(
+		pFlow::objectFile
 		(
 			"geometryDict",
 			Control.settings().path(),
-			objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
-			objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
+			pFlow::objectFile::READ_ALWAYS,
+			pFlow::objectFile::WRITE_NEVER
 		),
 		nullptr
 	);
@@ -67,33 +65,33 @@ int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
 	auto wallsDictName = surfacesDict.dictionaryKeywords();
 
 	
-	word mSurfaceName = word("geometryPhasicFlow_")+word(triSurfaceFile__);
-	multiTriSurface surface
+    auto mSurfaceName = pFlow::word("geometryPhasicFlow_")+pFlow::word(pFlow::triSurfaceFile__);
+	pFlow::multiTriSurface surface
 	(
-		objectFile
+		pFlow::objectFile
 		(
 			mSurfaceName,
 			"",
-			objectFile::READ_NEVER,
-			objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
+			pFlow::objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+			pFlow::objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
 		),
 		nullptr
 	);
 	
-	wordVector materials;
-	wordList materialsList;
+	pFlow::wordVector materials;
+	pFlow::wordList materialsList;
 
-	wordVector motion;
-	wordList motionList;
+	pFlow::wordVector motion;
+	pFlow::wordList motionList;
 
 	for(auto& name:wallsDictName)
 	{
 		REPORT(1)<<"Creating wall "<<Green_Text(name)<<" from dictionary "<<surfacesDict.globalName() <<END_REPORT;
-		auto wallPtr = Wall::create( surfacesDict.subDict(name));
+		auto wallPtr = pFlow::Wall::create( surfacesDict.subDict(name));
 		auto& wall = wallPtr();
 		REPORT(1)<<"wall type is "<<Green_Text(wall.typeName())<<'\n'<<END_REPORT;		
 
-		realx3x3Vector trinalges(wall.name(), wall.triangles());
+		pFlow::realx3x3Vector trinalges(wall.name(), wall.triangles());
 		
 		surface.appendSurface(wall.name(), trinalges);
 		materials.push_back(wall.materialName());
@@ -108,7 +106,7 @@ int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
 	REPORT(1)<<"Selected wall motion components are "<<Cyan_Text(motionList)<<'\n'<<END_REPORT;
 		
 	REPORT(0)<< "\nCreating geometry . . ."<<END_REPORT;
-	auto geomPtr = geometry::create(
+	auto geomPtr = pFlow::geometry::create(
 		Control, 
 		proprties, 
 		surface, 
diff --git a/utilities/pFlowToVTK/pFlowToVTK.cpp b/utilities/pFlowToVTK/pFlowToVTK.cpp
index 6dfcae3c..8edbbc3c 100755
--- a/utilities/pFlowToVTK/pFlowToVTK.cpp
+++ b/utilities/pFlowToVTK/pFlowToVTK.cpp
@@ -30,18 +30,16 @@ Licence:
 //#include "readControlDict.hpp"
 
 
-using namespace pFlow;
-
 int main(int argc, char** argv )
 {
-	word outFolder = (pFlow::CWD()/word("VTK")).wordPath();
+	pFlow::word outFolder = (pFlow::CWD()/pFlow::word("VTK")).wordPath();
 
-	commandLine cmds(
+	pFlow::commandLine cmds(
 		"pFlowToVTK",
 		"Convrtes the saved pointField and geometry"
 		" date in time folders into vtk file format.");
 
-	wordVector times;
+	pFlow::wordVector times;
 		 
 	bool noGoem = false;
 	cmds.add_flag(
@@ -65,7 +63,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv )
 		separateSurfaces,
 		"use this when you want to have sub-surfaces in separate files");
 
-	wordVector fields;
+	pFlow::wordVector fields;
 	bool 			 allFields = true;
 	cmds.addOption("-f,--fields",
 		fields.vectorField(),
@@ -87,10 +85,10 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv )
 #include "initialize_Control.hpp"
 
 
-	timeFolder folders(Control);
-	auto destFolder = fileSystem(outFolder)/word(geometryFolder__);
-	auto destFolderField = fileSystem(outFolder);
-	wordList geomfiles{"triSurface"};
+	pFlow::timeFolder folders(Control);
+	auto destFolder = pFlow::fileSystem(outFolder)/pFlow::word(pFlow::geometryFolder__);
+	auto destFolderField = pFlow::fileSystem(outFolder);
+	pFlow::wordList geomfiles{"triSurface"};
 
 
 	if(cmds.count("--fields"))
@@ -98,7 +96,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv )
 		allFields = false;
 	}
 
-	realCombinedRange validRange;
+	pFlow::realCombinedRange validRange;
 	if( cmds.count("--time") )
 	{
 		if(!validRange.addRanges(times))
@@ -116,7 +114,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv )
 		Control.time().setTime(folders.time());
 		if( !validRange.isMember( folders.time() ) )continue;
 		
-		output<< "time: " << Cyan_Text( folders.time() )<<" s" <<endl;
+		pFlow::output<< "time: " << Cyan_Text( folders.time() )<<" s" <<pFlow::endl;
 		if(!noGoem)
 		{	
 			
@@ -155,13 +153,13 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv )
 			}	
 		}
 		
-		output<<endl;
+		pFlow::output<<pFlow::endl;
 
 	}
 	while( folders++ );
 
 
-	output<< "\nFinished successfully.\n";
+	pFlow::output<< "\nFinished successfully.\n";
 
 	
 // this should be palced in each main 
diff --git a/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/particlesPhasicFlow.cpp b/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/particlesPhasicFlow.cpp
index 5cdced7c..637fcf65 100755
--- a/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/particlesPhasicFlow.cpp
+++ b/utilities/particlesPhasicFlow/particlesPhasicFlow.cpp
@@ -29,12 +29,10 @@ Licence:
 
 //#include "readControlDict.hpp"
 
-using namespace pFlow;
-
 int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
 {
 
-	commandLine cmds(
+	pFlow::commandLine cmds(
 		"createParticles",
 		"Read the dictionary createParticles and create particles"
 		" based on the two sub-dictionaries positionParticles and setFields.\n"
@@ -73,10 +71,10 @@ int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
 // this should be palced in each main 
 #include "initialize_Control.hpp"
 
-	fileDictionary cpDict("particlesDict", Control.settings().path());
+	pFlow::fileDictionary cpDict("particlesDict", Control.settings().path());
 	
 
-	uniquePtr<pointStructure> pStructPtr = nullptr;
+	pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::pointStructure> pStructPtr = nullptr;
 
 
 	if(!setOnly)
@@ -84,13 +82,13 @@ int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
 
 		// position particles based on the dict content 
 		REPORT(0)<< "Positioning points . . . \n"<<END_REPORT;
-		auto pointPosition = positionParticles::create(Control, cpDict.subDict("positionParticles"));
+		auto pointPosition = pFlow::positionParticles::create(Control, cpDict.subDict("positionParticles"));
 
-		fileSystem pStructPath = Control.time().path()+pointStructureFile__;
+		pFlow::fileSystem pStructPath = Control.time().path()+pFlow::pointStructureFile__;
 
 		auto finalPos = pointPosition().getFinalPosition();
 
-		pStructPtr = makeUnique<pointStructure>(Control, finalPos);
+		pStructPtr = pFlow::makeUnique<pFlow::pointStructure>(Control, finalPos);
 
 
 		REPORT(1)<< "Created pStruct with "<< pStructPtr().size() << " points and capacity "<<
@@ -100,11 +98,11 @@ int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
     else
 	{
 		// read the content of pStruct from 0/pStructure
-		pStructPtr = makeUnique<pointStructure>(Control);
+		pStructPtr = pFlow::makeUnique<pFlow::pointStructure>(Control);
 
 	}
 
-	List<uniquePtr<IOobject>> allObjects;
+	pFlow::List<pFlow::uniquePtr<pFlow::IOobject>> allObjects;
 
 	if(!positionOnly)
 	{
@@ -113,7 +111,7 @@ int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
 
 		auto& sfDict = cpDict.subDict("setFields");
 
-		setFieldList defValueList(sfDict.subDict("defaultValue"));
+		pFlow::setFieldList defValueList(sfDict.subDict("defaultValue"));
 
 		for(auto& sfEntry: defValueList)
 		{
@@ -128,7 +126,7 @@ int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
 			}
 		}
 		
-		output<<endl;
+		pFlow::output<<pFlow::endl;
 
 		auto& selectorsDict = sfDict.subDict("selectors");
 
@@ -145,45 +143,45 @@ int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
 				ERR<<"\n error occured in setting selector. \n"<<END_ERR;
 				return 1;
 			}
-			output<<endl;
+			pFlow::output<<pFlow::endl;
 		}
 	}
 
 	Control.clearIncludeExclude();
 	Control.addExclude("shapeName");
 
-	uint64PointField_H shapeHash
+	pFlow::uint64PointField_H shapeHash
 	(
-		objectFile
+		pFlow::objectFile
 		(
 			"shapeHash",
 			"",
-			objectFile::READ_NEVER,
-			objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
+			pFlow::objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+			pFlow::objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
 		),
 		pStructPtr(),
 		0u
 	);
 
-	uint32PointField_H shapeIndex
+	pFlow::uint32PointField_H shapeIndex
 	(
-		objectFile
+		pFlow::objectFile
 		(
 			"shapeIndex",
 			"",
-			objectFile::READ_NEVER,
-			objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
+			pFlow::objectFile::READ_NEVER,
+			pFlow::objectFile::WRITE_ALWAYS
 		),
 		pStructPtr(),
 		0u
 	);
 
-	baseShapeNames shapes(
-		shapeFile__,
+	pFlow::baseShapeNames shapes(
+		pFlow::shapeFile__,
 		&Control.caseSetup()
 	);
 	
-	auto& shapeName = Control.time().template lookupObject<wordPointField_H>("shapeName");
+	auto& shapeName = Control.time().template lookupObject<pFlow::wordPointField_H>("shapeName");
 
 	REPORT(0)<< "Converting shapeName field to shapeIndex field"<<END_REPORT;
 
@@ -196,7 +194,7 @@ int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
 
 	ForAll(i, shapeHash)
 	{
-		if(uint32 index; shapes.shapeNameToIndex(shapeName_D[i], index))
+		if(pFlow::uint32 index; shapes.shapeNameToIndex(shapeName_D[i], index))
 		{
 			shapeHash_D[i] = shapes.hashes()[index];
 			shapeIndex_D[i] = index;
@@ -206,7 +204,7 @@ int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
 			fatalErrorInFunction<<"Found shape name "<< Yellow_Text(shapeName_D[i])<<
 			"in shapeName field. But the list of shape names in file "<< 
 			shapes.globalName()<<" is : \n"<<
-			shapes.shapeNames()<<endl;
+			shapes.shapeNames()<<pFlow::endl;
 		}
 	}