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# Simulating a screw conveyor {#screwConveyor}
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## Problem definition
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The problem is to simulate a screw conveyorwith the diameter 0.2 m and the length 1 m and 20 cm pitch. It is filled with 30,000 4-mm spherical particles. The timestep for integration is 0.00001 s.
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The problem is to simulate a screw conveyor with a diameter of 0.2 m, a length of 1 m and a pitch of 20 cm. It is filled with 30,000 4 mm spherical particles. The integration time step is 0.00001 s.
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<div align="center"><b>
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a view of rotating drum
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@ -10,14 +12,14 @@ a view of rotating drum
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***
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## Setting up the case
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PhasicFlow simulation case setup is based on the text-based scripts that we provide in two folders located in the simulation case folder: `settings` and `caseSetup` (You can find the case setup files in the above folders.
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All the commands should be entered in the terminal while the current working directory is the simulation case folder (at the top of the `caseSetup` and `settings`).
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The PhasicFlow simulation case setup is based on the text-based scripts that we provide in two folders located in the simulation case folder: `settings` and `caseSetup` (You can find the case setup files in the above folders.
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All commands should be entered in the terminal with the current working directory being the simulation case folder (at the top of the `caseSetup` and `settings` folders).
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### Creating particles
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Open the file `settings/particlesDict`. Two dictionaries, `positionParticles` and `setFields` position particles and set the field values for the particles.
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In dictionary `positionParticles`, the positioning `method` is `positionOrdered`, which position particles in order in the space defined by `box`. `box` space is defined by two corner points `min` and `max`. In dictionary `positionOrderedInfo`, `numPoints` defines number of particles; `diameter`, the distance between two adjacent particles, and `axisOrder` defines the axis order for filling the space by particles.
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Open the file `settings/particlesDict`. Two dictionaries, `positionParticles` and `setFields`, position particles and set field values for the particles.
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In the dictionary `positionParticles`, the positioning method is `positionOrdered`, which positions particles in order in the space defined by `box`. The `box` space is defined by two corner points `min` and `max`. In the dictionary `positionOrderedInfo`, `numPoints` defines the number of particles, `diameter` the distance between two adjacent particles, and `axisOrder` the axis order for filling the space with particles.
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<div align="center">
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in <b>settings/particlesDict</b> file
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@ -26,11 +28,18 @@ in <b>settings/particlesDict</b> file
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```C++
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positionParticles
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{
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method empty; // creates the required fields with zero particles (empty).
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method empty; // other options: ordered and random
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maxNumberOfParticles 50000; // maximum number of particles in the simulation
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mortonSorting Yes; // perform initial sorting based on morton code?
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maxNumberOfParticles 50000; // maximum number of particles in the simulation
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regionType box; // other options: cylinder and sphere
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boxInfo // box for positioning particles
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{
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min (-0.1 -0.08 0.015); // lower corner point of the box
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max (0.1 0.0 0.098); // upper corner point of the box
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}
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}
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```
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@ -39,31 +48,36 @@ Enter the following command in the terminal to create the particles and store th
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`> particlesPhasicFlow`
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### Creating geometry
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In file `settings/geometryDict` , you can provide information for creating geometry. Each simulation should have a `motionModel` that defines a model for moving the surfaces in the simulation. `rotatingAxisMotion` model defines a fixed axis which rotates around itself. The dictionary `rotAxis` defines an motion component with `p1` and `p2` as the end points of the axis and `omega` as the rotation speed in rad/s. You can define more than one motion component in a simulation.
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In the `settings/geometryDict` file you can provide information for creating geometry. Each simulation should have a `motionModel` which defines a model for moving the surfaces in the simulation. The `rotatingAxisMotion' model defines a fixed axis that rotates around itself. The dictionary `rotAxis` defines a motion component with `p1` and `p2` as the end points of the axis and `omega` as the speed of rotation in rad/s. You can define more than one motion component in a simulation.
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<div align="center">
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in <b>settings/geometryDict</b> file
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</div>
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```C++
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motionModel rotatingAxisMotion;
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motionModel rotatingAxis;
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.
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.
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.
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rotatingAxisMotionInfo
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rotatingAxisInfo
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{
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rotAxis
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{
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p1 (1.09635 0.2010556 0.22313511); // first point for the axis of rotation
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p1 (1.09635 0.2010556 0.22313511); // first point for the axis of rotation
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p2 (0.0957492 0.201556 0.22313511); // second point for the axis of rotation
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omega 3; // rotation speed (rad/s)
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startTime 5;
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endTime 30;
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}
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}
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```
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In the dictionary `surfaces` you can define all the surfaces (shell) in the simulation. Two main options are available: built-in geometries in PhasicFlow, and providing surfaces with stl file. Here we use built-in geometries. In `cylinder` dictionary, a cylindrical shell with end helix, `material` name `prop1`, `motion` component `none` is defined. `helix` define plane helix at center of cylindrical shell, `material` name `prop1` and `motion` component `rotAxis`.'rotAxis' is use for helix because it is rotating and 'none' is use for shell because It is motionless.
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In the dictionary `surfaces` you can define all surfaces (shell) in the simulation. There are two main options: built-in geometries in PhasicFlow and providing surfaces with stl file. Here we will use built-in geometries. In the `cylinder` dictionary a cylindrical shell with end helix, `material` name `prop1`, `motion` component `none` is defined. In `helix` we define a plane helix at the center of the cylindrical shell, `material` name `prop1` and `motion` component `rotAxis`. `rotAxis` is used for the helix because it is rotating and `none` is used for the shell because it is not moving.
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<div align="center">
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in <b>settings/geometryDict</b> file
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@ -76,7 +90,7 @@ surfaces
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{
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type stlWall; // type of the wall
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file helix.stl; // file name in stl folder
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material prop1; // material name of this wall
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material prop1; // material name of this wall
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motion rotAxis; // motion component name
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}
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@ -87,7 +101,6 @@ surfaces
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material prop1; // material name of this wall
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motion none; // motion component name
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}
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}
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```
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@ -97,7 +110,8 @@ Enter the following command in the terminal to create the geometry and store it
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`> geometryPhasicFlow`
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### Defining properties and interactions
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In the file `caseSetup/interaction` , you find properties of materials. `materials` defines a list of material names in the simulation and `densities` sets the corresponding density of each material name. model dictionary defines the interaction model for particle-particle and particle-wall interactions. `contactForceModel` selects the model for mechanical contacts (here nonlinear model with limited tangential displacement) and `rollingFrictionModel` selects the model for calculating rolling friction. Other required prosperities should be defined in this dictionary.
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The `caseSetup/interaction' file contains material properties. `materials` defines a list of material names in the simulation and `densities` sets the corresponding density of each material name. model dictionary defines the interaction model for particle-particle and particle-wall interactions. ContactForceModel selects the model for mechanical contacts (here nonlinear model with limited tangential displacement) and `rollingFrictionModel` selects the model for the calculation of rolling friction. Other required properties should be defined in this dictionary.
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<div align="center">
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in <b>caseSetup/interaction</b> file
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@ -131,7 +145,7 @@ model
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}
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```
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Dictionary `contactSearch` sets the methods for particle-particle and particle-wall contact search. `method` specifies the algorithm for finding neighbor list for particle-particle contacts and `wallMapping` shows how particles are mapped onto walls for finding neighbor list for particle-wall contacts. `updateFrequency` sets the frequency for updating neighbor list and `sizeRatio` sets the size of enlarged cells (with respect to particle diameter) for finding neighbor list. Larger `sizeRatio` include more particles in the neighbor list and you require to update it less frequent.
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Dictionary `contactSearch` sets the methods for particle-particle and particle-wall contact search. method' specifies the algorithm for finding the neighbor list for particle-particle contacts and `wallMapping' specifies how particles are mapped to walls for finding the neighbor list for particle-wall contacts. `updateFrequency` specifies the frequency for updating the neighbor list and `sizeRatio` specifies the size of enlarged cells (with respect to particle diameter) for neighbor list search. Larger `sizeRatio` includes more particles in the neighbor list and you need to update it less frequently.
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<div align="center">
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in <b>caseSetup/interaction</b> file
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@ -140,24 +154,17 @@ in <b>caseSetup/interaction</b> file
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```C++
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contactSearch
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{
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method NBS; // method for broad search particle-particle
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wallMapping cellMapping; // method for broad search particle-wall
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method NBS; // method for broad search particle-particle
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updateInterval 10;
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NBSInfo
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{
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updateFrequency 10; // each 20 timesteps, update neighbor list
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sizeRatio 1.1; // bounding box size to particle diameter (max)
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}
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sizeRatio 1.1;
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cellMappingInfo
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{
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updateFrequency 10; // each 20 timesteps, update neighbor list
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cellExtent 0.6; // bounding box for particle-wall search (> 0.5)
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}
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cellExtent 0.55;
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adjustableBox No;
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}
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```
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In the file `caseSetup/sphereShape`, you can define a list of `names` for shapes (`shapeName` in particle field), a list of diameters for shapes and their `properties` names.
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<div align="center">
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@ -170,7 +177,7 @@ diameters (0.01); // diameter of shapes
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materials (prop1); // material names for shapes
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```
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Other settings for the simulation can be set in file `settings/settingsDict`. The dictionary `domain` defines the a rectangular bounding box with two corner points for the simulation. Each particle that gets out of this box, will be deleted automatically.
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Other settings for the simulation can be set in the `settings/settingsDict` file. The `domain' dictionary defines a rectangular bounding box with two corner points for the simulation. Any particle that leaves this box will be automatically deleted.
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<div align="center">
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in <b>settings/settingsDict</b> file
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@ -190,7 +197,7 @@ domain
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max (1.2 1 0.5);
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}
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integrationMethod AdamsBashforth3; // integration method
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integrationMethod AdamsBashforth2; // integration method
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timersReport Yes; // report timers?
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@ -198,6 +205,7 @@ timersReportInterval 0.01; // time interval for reporting ti
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```
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## Running the case
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The solver for this simulation is `sphereGranFlow`. Enter the following command in the terminal. Depending on the computational power, it may take a few minutes to a few hours to complete.
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`> sphereGranFlow`
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